firmann.

Brit.

/ˈfəːmən/, U.S.

/ˈfərmən/

Forms: α. (1600s firma, 1700s firhman), 1700s–1800s fermaun, firmaun, 1600s– firman, 1900s farman. β. 1600s pharman, pharmaund, pharmond, phirman, 1600s–1800s phirmaund.

Etymology: < Persian fermān, Old Persian *framāna (so in Pehlvi) = Sanskrit pramāṇa command.

An edict or order issued by an Ottoman or Middle Eastern ruler, esp. the Sultan of Turkey; a grant, licence, passport, permit.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > [noun] > edict, decree, ordinance, or institute > Turkish or oriental

firman1616

hatti sherif1648

hatti humayun1828

hatti1858

irade1883

1616 Sir T. Roe in Purchas Pilgrims (1624) I. iv. xvi. 541 Then I moued him for his fauour for an English Factory to be resident in the Towne, which hee willingly granted, and gaue present order to the Buxy to draw a Firma..for their residence.

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 50 But vpon sight of his Phirman (or Letter of command) hee agreed willingly.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 115 The Pharmaund (or Charter) granted..from their Emperors.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 354 If the Petition be granted, he wears the Pharmond open in his Turbat.

1704 tr. P. Baldæus True Descr. Malabar & Coromandel in A. Churchill & J. Churchill Coll. Voy. III. 571/2 Your Majesty's Firman, or Letters Patent.

1710 Pitt Let. in Edinb. Rev. (1893) 151 I had..a phirmaund under his great seal.

1816 Gentleman's Mag. 86 i. 325 A translation of the fermaun itself has since been forwarded by Dr. Hunt.

1863 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea I. xvii. 346 Having caused the Porte to issue firmans.

1932 Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Nov. 842/2 This volume contains photographic reproductions of seventeen farmans granted to the head of the Vallabha sect of Vaishnavas.

1962 Economist 13 Jan. 115/1 No such farman or decree has actually been issued by HM the Shah personally.

in extended use.1835 T. Hood Poetry, Prose, & Worse iv He bows to the metrical firman, As dulcet as song of the South.1840 R. H. Barham Lay St. Odille in Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 251 A German..Paid his court to her father, conceiving his firman Would soon make her bend.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	firman
释义	firmann. Brit. /ˈfəːmən/, U.S. /ˈfərmən/ Forms: α. (1600s firma, 1700s firhman), 1700s–1800s fermaun, firmaun, 1600s– firman, 1900s farman. β. 1600s pharman, pharmaund, pharmond, phirman, 1600s–1800s phirmaund. Etymology: < Persian fermān, Old Persian framāna (so in Pehlvi) = Sanskrit pramāṇa* command. An edict or order issued by an Ottoman or Middle Eastern ruler, esp. the Sultan of Turkey; a grant, licence, passport, permit. ΘΚΠ society > law > [noun] > edict, decree, ordinance, or institute > Turkish or oriental firman1616 hatti sherif1648 hatti humayun1828 hatti1858 irade1883 1616 Sir T. Roe in Purchas Pilgrims (1624) I. iv. xvi. 541 Then I moued him for his fauour for an English Factory to be resident in the Towne, which hee willingly granted, and gaue present order to the Buxy to draw a Firma..for their residence. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 50 But vpon sight of his Phirman (or Letter of command) hee agreed willingly. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 115 The Pharmaund (or Charter) granted..from their Emperors. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 354 If the Petition be granted, he wears the Pharmond open in his Turbat. 1704 tr. P. Baldæus True Descr. Malabar & Coromandel in A. Churchill & J. Churchill Coll. Voy. III. 571/2 Your Majesty's Firman, or Letters Patent. 1710 Pitt Let. in Edinb. Rev. (1893) 151 I had..a phirmaund under his great seal. 1816 Gentleman's Mag. 86 i. 325 A translation of the fermaun itself has since been forwarded by Dr. Hunt. 1863 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea I. xvii. 346 Having caused the Porte to issue firmans. 1932 Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Nov. 842/2 This volume contains photographic reproductions of seventeen farmans granted to the head of the Vallabha sect of Vaishnavas. 1962 Economist 13 Jan. 115/1 No such farman or decree has actually been issued by HM the Shah personally. in extended use.1835 T. Hood Poetry, Prose, & Worse iv He bows to the metrical firman, As dulcet as song of the South.1840 R. H. Barham Lay St. Odille in Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 251 A German..Paid his court to her father, conceiving his firman Would soon make her bend. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1616
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