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acornn. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch āker (Dutch aker ) mast (mast n.2), Middle Low German ākeren , ackeren , ēkeren , eckeren fruit or seed of the oak tree, Old High German ekarn mast (in an isolated glossarial attestation; Middle High German ackeran , eckern , German (now regional) Eckern , (standard, inferred singular, 15th cent.) Ecker , now chiefly in the compound Buchecker , lit. ‘beech mast’; see also note below), and Old Icelandic akarn , Norwegian aakorn (now åkorn ), Swedish (now regional) åkarn , Old Danish akarn (Danish agern , (now regional) ågern ), all denoting the fruit or seed of the oak tree, Gothic akran fruit collectively, yield, probably ultimately < the same Indo-European base as acre n.; compare ( < the same base) Welsh aeron (collective) fruit, berries, and (with different suffix) Early Irish áirne sloe, nut, Welsh eirin (collective) plums, sloes.The word perhaps originally denoted wild fruit, i.e. fruit to be collected, as distinguished from cultivated fruit to be harvested (compare the apparent earlier association of the base of acre n. with unenclosed land), and was thence applied to the fruit of mast-bearing trees (see sense 1). In modern German the usual word for the fruit of the oak tree is Eichel (Middle High German eichel , Old High German eihhila ), a derivative < Eiche oak n. In English the word was subject to widespread alteration as a result of folk etymology by association with oak n. (compare e.g. ocorn, oakehorn at α. forms), corn n.1 (compare e.g. accorn, akecorne at α. forms), and horn n. (compare e.g. okehorn at α. forms, hatch-horn at γ. forms). The modern standard pronunciation with /ɔː/, /ɔ(ə)/ in the second syllable seems to be chiefly due to the association with corn n.1, while the vowel of the first syllable shows the regular reflex of early Middle English short a ( < Old English æ ) after open syllable lengthening in disyllabic forms of the word. The β. forms partly show phonological loss of -n , especially when a further consonant followed, but southern Middle English and English regional forms could reflect development of an inferred singular (compare Middle English plural acren at α. forms). The γ. forms appear to show palatalization and assibilation of the medial /k/, the reason for which is uncertain. If this reflects a phonological development, such forms must go back to an (irregular) development in Old English, but would not be reflected in Old English spelling practices. English regional forms such as yackran, yacorn, yakeron, yakron at α. forms, yakker at β. forms show development of a palatal on-glide. Forms such as acron at α. forms show metathesis of r (compare also the Middle English plurals acren at α. forms, acres at β. forms). The form nacorun in quot. a1500 at sense 2a shows metanalysis (see N n.), a frequent phenomenon in the source cited in the quot. In sense 3 originally after French gland de mer (1737 (in the passage translated in quot. 1737) or earlier); in later use probably after classical Latin balanus and its etymon ancient Greek βάλανος acorn, species of shellfish (for both, see balanus n.); compare French balane (1551 in Middle French in this sense; 1546 denoting the glans penis). the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > [noun] > fruits of particular plants the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > pig fodder > mast OE (Claud.) xliii. 11 Bringaþ þam men lac, sumne dæl tyrwan & hunig & stor & æcyrnu [1611 King James nuts, 1887 R.V. nuts (margin pistachio nuts), 1989 R.E.B. pistachio nuts; L. terebinthi] & hnytu [read hnyte; L. amigdalarum]. OE (Tiber.) (2007) 244 Gif wif biþ bearneacen..& heo þonne gelome eteð hnyte oþþe æceran oþþe ænige niwe bleda þonne gelimpeð hit hwilum þurh þæt þæt þæt cild biþ disig. c1330 Short Metrical Chron. (Auch.) l. 319 in (1931) 46 121 (MED) & gras & rotes gadred bliue, Frout & acren to her mete. c1425 Edward, Duke of York (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 80 (MED) Þe boores fedyng is propirly iclepid akire of okis baryng. 1588 T. Hariot sig. D2 There is a kind of berrie or acorne, of which there are fiue sorts that grow on seueral kinds of trees. 1621 J. Goodyer in T. Johnson (new ed.) (1633) iii. xlvii. 1370 The Yew tree that beareth Acornes and berries is a great high tree remaining alwaies greene. 1678 J. P. tr. J. Johnstone ii. iv. 57/1 Beech-acorns make Sows lively, and pork light of digestion;..the Oken ones, well spread, large and heavy. 1759 J. Mackenzie (ed. 2) 37 He means the acorns of the beech as well as those of the oak. 1861 4 405 A disc..covers the whole of the two acorns of the beech or the several of the chestnut. 1879 (1885) 60 This worm..does not touch the acorn of the cotton, as he remains always on the leaf. 1910 C. H. Snow (ed. 2) 54 Walnut trees may be known by their nuts...This nut, not the fruit of the oak, was the acorn of the ancients. 2008 B. Wilson vi. 285 The pigs are carefully restrained from feeding on olives or beech acorns, which would make their flesh greasier. 2. spec.the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > oak and allies > [noun] > acorn or cup of an acorn the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > nut > [noun] > acorn eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in W. G. Stryker (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1951) 220 Glandix, æceren. OE (1955) 128 Glans, æcern. OE tr. Chrodegang of Metz (Corpus Cambr. 191) vi. 183 Gif hit þonne gebyrað on geare þæt naðer ne byð on þam earde ne æceren ne boc ne oðer mæsten [L. glandes uel fagina]. ?a1200 (?OE) (1896) 45 Swa greate clymppan [perh. read clympran] feowur þa [read swa] litle æceran. c1350 Nominale (Cambr. Ee.4.20) in (1906) 21* Nomina Fructuum dictarum Arborum..Glane cenele et pome de boys, Accorne hawe and crabbe. a1375 (c1350) (1867) 1811 (MED) Hawes, hepus, & hakernes, & þe hasel-notes. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 345 (MED) To forehonde þey lyued by acres [L. glandibus]. (Harl. 221) 6 Accorne, or archarde, frute of the oke, glans. a1500 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 716/8 Hec glans..a nacorun. 1523 J. Fitzherbert xxix. f. 46 Ye must gader many akehornes. 1551 W. Turner (1568) iii. 109 The oke whose fruite we call an Acorn, or an Eykorn, that is the corn or fruit of an Eyke. 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye II. 117 The hogge, who with his snowte alwayes towardes the earth, feedeth vpon the akornes that are vnderneath the Oakes. 1611 T. Heywood i. sig. B4 He hath taught his people..to skorne Akehorns with their heeles. 1632 R. Sanderson 471 Vnder the Oakes we grouze vp the Akecorns. 1640 R. Brome 113 Leekes, and Akornes here Are food for Critickes. 1651 T. Hobbes iv. xlvi. 368 They fed on Akorns, and drank Water. 1672 N. Grew i. 6 Oak-Kernels, which we call Acorns. 1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. I. 81 The Acorn of the Cork is astringent. 1789 J. Adam I. 51 Some of these oaks..are smaller and longer, with good quantities of acorns still lying near them. 1820 J. Keats Fancy in 125 Acorns ripe down-pattering, While the autumn breezes sing. 1859 W. S. Coleman 5 The young trees usually first produce acorns when about fifteen to eighteen years old. 1919 A. MacLeish 19 Apr. (1983) 50 I..dodge the acorns that a school-boy God Throws at my peeking head. 1969 D. F. Costello vi. 107 Prairie chickens in the forested borders ate hazelnuts and acorns. 2008 11 Dec. 19/1 This masterpiece of intensely sweet-and-meaty pork shoulder comes from the black-footed breed, fattened on acorns. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation the world > space > shape > curvature > curved three-dimensional shape or body > [noun] > sphericity or globularity > spheroidicity > spheroid > object society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > spar > [noun] > mast > upper part of mast > knob or cap on c1388 Inventory of Sir Simon Burley in A. Way (1843) I. 6 (note) Deux pairs des pater nosters de aumbre blanc, l'un countrefait de Atchernes, l'autre rounde. 1420 in F. J. Furnivall (1882) 45 (MED) A dosyn off siluer sponys with acharnus ouerguld. c1475 in F. P. Barnard (1925) f. 3 (MED) Sir John Arundell..an Akkorn. 1580 T. Bawdewyn in E. Lodge (1791) II. cliv. 243 I did send yowre Honor..a cup wth a cover..two saltes, 11 acornes. 1768 J. Cremer Jrnl. 19 July in R. R. Bellamy (1936) 216 A ball of Lightining went down by our Starboard Chestrees and Split it, & Split our Akorn at the maine. 1769 W. Falconer Acorn, a little ornamental piece of wood, fashioned like a cone, and fixed on the uppermost point of the spindle, above the vane, on the mast-head. 1772 Mar. 144/1 The lightning was attracted by the acorn on the top of the chapel. 1840 A. Dillon I. 124 A conical cloth cap, to the end of which is fastened, by a gold or silver acorn, a long silk tassel. 1896 D. C. Beard 462 A spiral of steel..curved gracefully up over the toe and terminated in a beautiful brass acorn. 1935 C. G. Burge 85/1 Acorn, a device introduced at the intersection of bracing wires to prevent abrasion. 1997 I. Sinclair (1998) 221 The wooden acorn was yet another tribute to the Great Storm, part of a series of windfall carvings reminiscent of Glynn Williams or Lee Grandjean on a bad day. the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > consequently or as a result [phrase] > great oaks from little acorns grow a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) ii. l. 1335 As an ok cometh of a litel spir, So þorugh þis letre..Encressen gan desir. 1579 S. Gosson f. 20v But tal Cedars, from little graynes shoote high: great Okes, from slender rootes spread wide.] 1580 T. Cooper 179 Of a little seede, you see a verie faire and beautifull floure,..of a meane Acorne, a huge and mayne Oke. 1598 R. Tofte iii. sig. F8 Yet still Ile hope, since Acornes, Okes become, And tynie drops proue Floods that streaming runne. 1630 R. Sibbes 48 A mighty Oake riseth of an Akorne. It is with a Christian as it was with Christ, who sprang out of the dead stocke of Iesse,..but hee grew up higher than the heavens. 1732 T. Fuller 197 The greatest Oaks have been little Acorns. a1795 D. Everett in C. Bingham (1797) 58 Large streams from little fountains flow, Tall oaks from little acorns grow. 1833 4 Sept. 40/1 ‘Great oaks from little acorns grow,’ and I hope and trust that from your small beginning, this ancient and honorable Commonwealth will again renew her standing. 1839 7 179 He proceeded, also, to show what great things little beings can do, by reference to..the little acorns from which the tall oaks grow. 1909 Dec. 964/2 Great trees from little acorns grow. 1923 13 Oct. 7/2 Here in England, as nowhere else in the world, ‘great oaks from little acorns grow’. 1995 Jan. 20/1 Great oaks from tiny acorns: in 1994 alone, Guy's output has been overwhelming. 2011 10 Mar. He said the project is not just about solving the problem, it is a way of the future. ‘From little acorns mighty oak trees grow.’ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Entomostraca > order Cirripedia > suborder Thoracica > member of family Balanidae 1737 S. Humphreys tr. N. A. Pluche (ed. 2) III. xxii. 193 All these Tortoises, the Flesh and Spawn of which are reckoned so nourishing; the Sea-Acorns [Fr. glands de mer], which are held to be not inferior to them. 1764 T. H. Croker et al. I Acorn, a genus of shell-fish, of which there are several species. 1809 T. Taylor tr. Aristotle iv. viii. 136 The sea acorns (βαλανοι), appear to have the sense of smell in the smallest degree. 1856 27 Sept. 243/2 The sessile and stalked acorns have been called cirripeda. 1932 Mar. 229/2 The menu at this dinner was in keeping with the entertainment. It included sea-hedgehogs..and white sea-acorns. 2005 S. Codrington (ed. 3) vii. 189/2 Many plants and animals are unique to the area, including unusual species of lichens, snails, sea acorns,..and starfish. Compounds C1. a. General attributive. the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > [noun] > other types of bread the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] > other meals OE Ælfric (St. John's Oxf.) 69 Haec ilex, æcerspranca [OE Faust. æcernspranca, c1225 Worcester ækerspronca] oððe ac. ?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI sig. K.vi The decoction of Acorne rindes myghtyly bindeth the bely of a man. 1571 T. Knell sig. Eiiiv Many that could get neither Wheat nor Barly, nor Beans, were glad to eate Acorn breade. 1649 R. Lovelace 34 Thou dost retire To thy Carv'd Acron-bed to lye. 1730 J. Thomson Autumn in 169 The sad barbarian..for his acorn-meal Fought the fierce tusky boar. 1757 tr. G. W. Rabener I. 178 We have had this year a very indifferent acorn crop. 1830 11 Feb. The acorn cakes were sweet, and very agreeable to the taste. 1859 W. S. Coleman 6 Swine took his place in the woods, and to them the acorn crop..has for ages past been resigned. 1882 J. Hawthorne Fortune's Fool i. xxiii, in May 44/2 What I need now is a bellyful of venison and acorn-bread. 1917 R. Dixon & F. E. Fitch xiv. 193 If we could only cultivate a taste for acorn flour, the trees would come into their own. 1978 M. Margolin i. 43 The preparation of acorn mush was a woman's daily occupation. 1996 J. Hegland (1997) 175 The Indians who once lived here used..molded acorn meal as an antibiotic. 1838 13 Jan. They were printed in gold, on a blue ground, on fine satin, and decorated with rich acorn ornaments in gold. 1863 2 45 There is not a vestige of ornamentation excepting a string moulding traceable throughout the entire length of the ruin, and at..one side of a pointed arch blocked, having a bold acorn moulding. 1935 Oct. 150/2 The acorn-bulb [in a drinking-glass]..is exactly matched by a stem in the Thaurin Collection at Rouen. 1943 19 June 42/2 Acorn Tops are screwed on to the ends of brass curtain rods. 1960 H. Hayward 9/2 Acorn clock, shelf or mantel clock..with the upper portion shaped somewhat like an acorn... Acorn knop, a knop or protuberance on the stem of a drinking glass, tooled in the form of an acorn. 1985 D. Holloway (1992) ii. 28/3 Acorn fittings allow the pipe to be rotated in the fitting. 1802 J. E. Smith XIV. 999 Capsules minute, acorn-shaped, on short stalks. 1828 II. 192 Hands white, long-fingered, acorn-nailed. 1830 W. Withering (ed. 7) IV. 208 Acorn-peaked Agaric. a1884 E. H. Knight Suppl. 3/2 Acorn-headed Bolt, a carriage-bolt with an ornamental head..in shape resembling an acorn. 1908 Jan. 62 An acorn-headed, or olive-headed bougie..should be passed in order to diagnose stricture. 2003 Mar. 71/1 A compact, acorn-shaped sewing kit that includes a wooden thimble, thread reel, and a needle storage area. C2. the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Entomostraca > order Cirripedia > suborder Thoracica > member of family Balanidae 1835 W. Kirby II. 3 The second Order of Cirripedes consists of the Balanites, or Acorn-barnacles, which are distinguished from the Lepadites by a shelly, instead of a tendinous tube. 1918 4 382 (heading) The phylogeny of the acorn barnacles. 2006 20 Dec. 9/1 They include toothed and flat topshells, acorn barnacles, China limpets and small periwinkles. the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > oak and allies > [noun] > acorn or cup of an acorn 1544 Bk. Chyldren in T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot (new ed.) sig. f.iiiiv Take sorel seed and the kernelles of greate raysyns dryed, ackorne cuppes, and the seed of whyte popye. 1600 W. Shakespeare ii. i. 31 All their Elues, for feare, Creepe into acorne cups, and hide them there. View more context for this quotation 1745 J. T. Needham 22 Their shape..when they are extended resembles nearly that of an acorn-cup. 1836 W. M. Praed (1865) I. 412 She sent him forth to gather up Great Ganges in an acorn-cup. 1905 E. Phillpotts i. i. 6 Death, not unlovely, appeared in leaf-drift and touch-wood, in acorn cups..and hollow hazel-nuts. 2004 5 Oct. 30/2 Britain's true natural forest heritage is..oak; pedunculate oak (acorn cups with stalks) and sessile oak (stalkless acorns) here in the West. the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Entomostraca > order Cirripedia > suborder Thoracica > member of family Balanidae 1763 R. Brookes III. xliii. 334 The bell-fashioned Acorn Shell with a large mouth, is usually found in great clusters. 1857 J. G. Wood viii. 157 The entire surface of the limpet was covered with acorn-shells. a1933 J. A. Thomson (1934) I. xi. 231 Among the lower crustaceans, such as water-fleas and acorn-shells, the commonest larva is a Nauplius, usually microscopic. 1992 A. Desmond & J. Moore 400 Such was his aversion that he even dispensed with the wretched Latin description in the second volume of his Ray Society monograph, on the acorn-shell barnacles. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > gourd > [noun] > other gourds 1824 P. Agricola 115 The acorn-squash is another of the winter variety, and the most rampant of the tribe. 1937 A. H. Verrill 84 There are the..scalloped squashes, vegetable marrows, Hubbard squashes and the little deeply-fluted diamond or acorn-squashes. 2001 J. Franzen 46 He was at home on a Friday in September, making himself a dinner of broccoli rabe and acorn squash. the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > carbohydrates > sugars > [noun] > other sugars 1854 R. D. Thomson 435/2 Quercose, Quercite, Acorn Sugar. C12H12O10. 1899 Quercite, the so-called acorn-sugar or oak-sugar. 2010 101 3643/2 The initial acorn sugar used in the medium was 80g/l in all fermentation experiments. the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > thermionic valve > [noun] > vacuum tube or thermionic valve 1934 Sept. 282/1 The ‘acorn’ tubes which amplify, oscillate, and detect waves as short as 40 centimeters have now reached the stage of practical manufacture. 1955 7 Jan. 3/1 While this radio is much larger than Hoover's smallest it also contains only one tube, an acorn tube. 2004 A. D. Helfrick iv. 72 One successful vacuum tube for frequencies up to about 900 MHz was made by the Radio Corporation of America and was called an ‘acorn tube’. 1932 2/2 A hollow control shaft..cooperates with an acorn valve. 1936 13 384 Reduce the actual physical size of the valve structure, in order that the transit time may be reduce to a correspondingly smaller fraction of the period. The ‘acorn’ valve was developed with this object. 1947 1 Jan. 30/6 The smallest acorn valve used in miniature equipment such as the deaf aid. 1960 4 The punch is withdrawn from the acorn valve. the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Piciformes > [noun] > family Picidae > member of genus Melanerpes a1899 E. Coues (1903) II. iii. 595 M. formicivorus. Ant-eating Woodpecker. Arizona Acorn Woodpecker. 1963 20 Mar. 6/3 The reason the acorn woodpecker stores these acorns is not known. 2003 Spring 8/1 Mexican jays and acorn woodpeckers squawk and swoop through the sycamore trees that line the tiny creek. the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Hemichordata > [noun] > class Enteropneusta > member of 1876 E. Haeckel xxii. 283 It is difficult to say which of the still living Cœlomati are nearest akin to these extinct Scolecida, it may be the Acorn-worms (Balanoglossus). 1913 E. R. Lankester 2nd Ser. 187 A rather uncommon marine worm, called Balanoglossus, or the acorn worm, has a very strong and unpleasant smell like that of iodoform. 1955 9 Apr. 232/1 Known popularly as the acorn worm, the balanoglossus is found throughout the sea-coasts of the world. 2004 R. Dawkins 310 The acorn worms and their kind (Enteropneusta and Pterobranchia) had previously been classified with the sea squirts as protochordates. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.eOE |
