fine structuren.

Brit.

/ˌfʌɪn ˈstrʌktʃə/, U.S.

/ˌfaɪn ˈstrək(t)ʃər/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: fine adj., structure n.

Etymology: < fine adj. + structure n. With sense 2a compare German Feinstruktur (A. Sommerfeld 1916, in Ann. der Physik 51 91).In fine-structure constant n. at Compounds 2 after German Feinstrukturkonstante (A. Sommerfeld 1916, in Ann. der Physik 51 147).

1. Structure studied or considered on a small (esp. microscopic or submicroscopic) scale; a structure of this kind.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > [noun] > on a small or microscopic scale

fine structure1867

microstructure1881

1867 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 157 447 The fine structure of the yelk-sac is rendered less distinct by this method.

1880 Science 17 July 29/2 If diatoms were mounted in bisulphide of carbon their fine structure was rendered far more visible than when mounted in Canada balsam.

1927 G. L. Clark Appl. X-rays i. 5 The ultraviolet microscope..discloses a fine structure which appears perfectly homogeneous under visible light rays.

1946 Nature 12 Oct. 519/1 Only low magnifications..were used, yet it was observed that the fringes [of a cleavage face of a selenite crystal] were extremely ragged, indicative of a complex surface ‘fine-structure’.

1971 Sci. Amer. July 19/1 Even more striking than the differences among the states was the shifting of populations at the county level—the changes in what might be called the fine structure of the population distribution.

2001 N. J. Lane in R. Catlow & S. Greenfield Cosmic Rays 73 Although ‘organelles’ could be seen to be present in the cytoplasm of cells.., detailed cellular fine structure could not be properly established.

2. Physics.

a. The structure of a line in an atomic spectrum as revealed by examination at high resolution, typically taking the form of a multiplet of closely spaced lines. Compare hyperfine structure n. at hyperfine adj.Such multiplets are usually formed as a result of spin-orbit interactions.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > decomposition of light, spectrum > [noun] > multiplets in atomic spectra

fine structure1914

1914 Proc. Tokyo Mathematico-Physical Soc. 1913–14 2nd Ser. 7 333 As the examination of the fine structure of lines is only possible, so long as the light remains quiet and steady, the Zeeman effect of each of these lines..is almost impossible to follow in detail.

1942 J. D. Stranathan ‘Particles’ of Mod. Physics vi. 224 The details of fine structure differ from one element to another, both as regards the number of lines in the multiplet and the spacing of these lines.

1978 H. Semat & J. R. Albright Introd. Atomic & Nucl. Physics (ed. 5) ix. 276 When these spectral lines are examined with instruments of high resolving power, it is found that many of the lines consist of doublets—that is, two lines very close together. Such lines are said to exhibit fine structure.

1999 B. Welz & M. Sperling Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (ed. 3) ii. 82 This fine structure is based on the fact that through the spin of the electrons and the associated magnetic field, splitting of the energy levels takes place.

b. More generally: the structure of any feature in a spectrum as revealed by examination at high resolution.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > decomposition of light, spectrum > [noun] > multiplets in atomic spectra > similar groups in other spectra

fine structure1916

1916 Physical Rev. 8 574 The fine structure of the spectrum of radium C is of interest.

1970 P. D. Klein et al. in Ann. Rep. (Argonne National Lab.: Div. Biol. & Med. Res.) 58/1 Examination of the mass spectrum for methyl chenodeoxycholate..showed a large characteristic peak at M/e 370 for the protium form and at 374 for the deuterium form. The spectrum fine structure in this region is shown in Figure 22.

2014 B. Brocklesby in D. Bleiner et al. Short Wavelength Lab. Sources 146 The resulting absorption spectra show not only the typical elemental edges, but also fine structure at the edges, corresponding to extended X-ray absorption fine spectra.

Compounds

C1. General attributive (in sense 2).

ΚΠ

1921 Physical Rev. 17 596 It is necessary to make definite assumptions as to the position and intensity of every fine structure component.

1947 Proc. Royal Soc. London A. 189 175 The greater part (about 90%) of the doublet separations arises from fine structure splitting of the lower 2p³Π levels.

2011 M. Harwit in J. A. M. Bleeker et al. Cent. Space Sci. I. xiv. 315/1 J.R. Houck and his students, also at Cornell, discovered the fine-structure lines of Ar²⁺.

C2.

fine-structure constant n. Physics a fundamental and dimensionless physical constant, equal to approx. 1/137, which occurs in expressions describing the fine structure of atomic spectra.The fine-structure constant is typically denoted by the symbol α.

ΚΠ

1923 H. L. Brose tr. A. J. W. Sommerfeld Atomic Struct. & Spectral Lines viii. 497 Our representation of the L-doublet is fully determined and expressed rationally by the fine-structure constant [Ger. Feinstrukturkonstante]..by the Rydberg frequency..and by the nuclear charge.

1970 Sci. Amer. Oct. 63/1 The fine-structure constant is the basic constant of quantum electrodynamics.

2006 F. Wilczek Fantastic Realities 129 The numerical value of the fine-structure constant, a conceptual gold nugget ardently pursued by Arthur Eddington and Wolfgang Pauli, has lost its luster.

Derivatives

ˌfine ˈstructural adj. of or relating to fine structure (sense 1).

ΚΠ

1870 J. H. Martin Microsc. Objects Figured & Described 74 Another fine structural organ..is the leg [of the neuter or working hive-bee].

1949 Jrnl. Paleontol. 23 328/1 The chert in the Burlington limestone of the Mississippi valley is well known..for the preservation of the fine structural details of the contained fossils.

2009 Jrnl. Cell Biol. 185 101/2 The fine structural changes and the associated molecular mechanisms that underlie centriole elongation and maturation remain poorly understood.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	fine structure
释义	fine structuren. Brit. /ˌfʌɪn ˈstrʌktʃə/, U.S. /ˌfaɪn ˈstrək(t)ʃər/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: fine adj., structure n. Etymology: < fine adj. + structure n. With sense 2a compare German Feinstruktur (A. Sommerfeld 1916, in Ann. der Physik 51 91).In fine-structure constant n. at Compounds 2 after German Feinstrukturkonstante (A. Sommerfeld 1916, in Ann. der Physik 51 147). 1. Structure studied or considered on a small (esp. microscopic or submicroscopic) scale; a structure of this kind. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > [noun] > on a small or microscopic scale fine structure1867 microstructure1881 1867 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 157 447 The fine structure of the yelk-sac is rendered less distinct by this method. 1880 Science 17 July 29/2 If diatoms were mounted in bisulphide of carbon their fine structure was rendered far more visible than when mounted in Canada balsam. 1927 G. L. Clark Appl. X-rays i. 5 The ultraviolet microscope..discloses a fine structure which appears perfectly homogeneous under visible light rays. 1946 Nature 12 Oct. 519/1 Only low magnifications..were used, yet it was observed that the fringes [of a cleavage face of a selenite crystal] were extremely ragged, indicative of a complex surface ‘fine-structure’. 1971 Sci. Amer. July 19/1 Even more striking than the differences among the states was the shifting of populations at the county level—the changes in what might be called the fine structure of the population distribution. 2001 N. J. Lane in R. Catlow & S. Greenfield Cosmic Rays 73 Although ‘organelles’ could be seen to be present in the cytoplasm of cells.., detailed cellular fine structure could not be properly established. 2. Physics. a. The structure of a line in an atomic spectrum as revealed by examination at high resolution, typically taking the form of a multiplet of closely spaced lines. Compare hyperfine structure n. at hyperfine adj.Such multiplets are usually formed as a result of spin-orbit interactions. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > decomposition of light, spectrum > [noun] > multiplets in atomic spectra fine structure1914 1914 Proc. Tokyo Mathematico-Physical Soc. 1913–14 2nd Ser. 7 333 As the examination of the fine structure of lines is only possible, so long as the light remains quiet and steady, the Zeeman effect of each of these lines..is almost impossible to follow in detail. 1942 J. D. Stranathan ‘Particles’ of Mod. Physics vi. 224 The details of fine structure differ from one element to another, both as regards the number of lines in the multiplet and the spacing of these lines. 1978 H. Semat & J. R. Albright Introd. Atomic & Nucl. Physics (ed. 5) ix. 276 When these spectral lines are examined with instruments of high resolving power, it is found that many of the lines consist of doublets—that is, two lines very close together. Such lines are said to exhibit fine structure. 1999 B. Welz & M. Sperling Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (ed. 3) ii. 82 This fine structure is based on the fact that through the spin of the electrons and the associated magnetic field, splitting of the energy levels takes place. b. More generally: the structure of any feature in a spectrum as revealed by examination at high resolution. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > decomposition of light, spectrum > [noun] > multiplets in atomic spectra > similar groups in other spectra fine structure1916 1916 Physical Rev. 8 574 The fine structure of the spectrum of radium C is of interest. 1970 P. D. Klein et al. in Ann. Rep. (Argonne National Lab.: Div. Biol. & Med. Res.) 58/1 Examination of the mass spectrum for methyl chenodeoxycholate..showed a large characteristic peak at M/e 370 for the protium form and at 374 for the deuterium form. The spectrum fine structure in this region is shown in Figure 22. 2014 B. Brocklesby in D. Bleiner et al. Short Wavelength Lab. Sources 146 The resulting absorption spectra show not only the typical elemental edges, but also fine structure at the edges, corresponding to extended X-ray absorption fine spectra. Compounds C1. General attributive (in sense 2). ΚΠ 1921 Physical Rev. 17 596 It is necessary to make definite assumptions as to the position and intensity of every fine structure component. 1947 Proc. Royal Soc. London A. 189 175 The greater part (about 90%) of the doublet separations arises from fine structure splitting of the lower 2p³Π levels. 2011 M. Harwit in J. A. M. Bleeker et al. Cent. Space Sci. I. xiv. 315/1 J.R. Houck and his students, also at Cornell, discovered the fine-structure lines of Ar²⁺. C2. fine-structure constant n. Physics a fundamental and dimensionless physical constant, equal to approx. 1/137, which occurs in expressions describing the fine structure of atomic spectra.The fine-structure constant is typically denoted by the symbol α. ΚΠ 1923 H. L. Brose tr. A. J. W. Sommerfeld Atomic Struct. & Spectral Lines viii. 497 Our representation of the L-doublet is fully determined and expressed rationally by the fine-structure constant [Ger. Feinstrukturkonstante]..by the Rydberg frequency..and by the nuclear charge. 1970 Sci. Amer. Oct. 63/1 The fine-structure constant is the basic constant of quantum electrodynamics. 2006 F. Wilczek Fantastic Realities 129 The numerical value of the fine-structure constant, a conceptual gold nugget ardently pursued by Arthur Eddington and Wolfgang Pauli, has lost its luster. Derivatives ˌfine ˈstructural adj. of or relating to fine structure (sense 1). ΚΠ 1870 J. H. Martin Microsc. Objects Figured & Described 74 Another fine structural organ..is the leg [of the neuter or working hive-bee]. 1949 Jrnl. Paleontol. 23 328/1 The chert in the Burlington limestone of the Mississippi valley is well known..for the preservation of the fine structural details of the contained fossils. 2009 Jrnl. Cell Biol. 185 101/2 The fine structural changes and the associated molecular mechanisms that underlie centriole elongation and maturation remain poorly understood. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1867
随便看	cow-cloom cow-clot cow-clover cow-cocky cow-cockying cow-country cow-county cow-crackers cow-creamer cow-creature cow-cress cow-crib cow-dab cow-doctor cow-down cow-driver cow-driving cow-dung cow-dung bob cow-dung fly craniopathy craniopharyngeal craniophore cranioplasty craniopolis