fluoro-comb. form
1.
a. Forming words relating to fluorine and fluorides; esp. forming the names of chemical compounds and minerals containing fluorine.Cf. fluo- comb. form; fluoro- is the combining form recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
ΚΠ
1840Fluorography [see fluorography n. 1].
1877 O. Tamin-Despalles Min. Waters Contrexéville 13 There are separated the fluoro-bicarbonate and sulphate of calcium waters, of which Contrexéville is the type.
1899 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 76 i. 254 When an aqueous solution of the acid or its salts is boiled, fluorodibromomethane is formed.
1928 Mineral Mag. 21 558 Avogadrite... Potassium fluoroborate, KBF4.
1962 W. A. Deer et al. Rock-forming Minerals V. 333 The hydroxyapatite..in talc schist and the fluor-hydroxyapatite in chlorite schist..are considered to be metamorphic in origin.
1974 Petroleum Rev. 28 686/1 (heading) The compatibility of fluoro-chemical and fluoro-protein foams.
1998 N.Y. Times 3 Mar. c3/2 DuPont's fluoroproducts division, which makes nonstick coatings like Teflon and Silverstone.
2003 New Scientist 15 Nov. 50/2 The poisons strychnine and sodium fluoroacetate..were being used to kill wolves throughout most of Canada.
b.
fluorhydric acid n. 
/flɔːˌhʌɪdrɪk ˈasɪd/, /flɔrˌhaɪdrɪk ˈæsəd/ = hydrofluoric acid at hydrofluoric adj.; cf. fluohydric acid n. at fluo- comb. form 2.
Brit. /flʊəˌhʌɪdrɪk ˈasɪd/
, /flʊəˌhʌɪdrɪk ˈasɪd//flɔːˌhʌɪdrɪk ˈasɪd/U.S. /flʊrˌhaɪdrɪk ˈæsəd/
, /flʊrˌhaɪdrɪk ˈæsəd//flɔrˌhaɪdrɪk ˈæsəd/ΚΠ
1850 G. Wilson Chem. 51 These, when spoken of as acids, are called hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydriodic, and hydrofluoric (and sometimes chlorhydric, bromhydric, iodhydric, and fluorhydric) acids.
1903 W. R. Ingalls Metall. Zinc & Cadmium iii. 34 In roasting such ores the fluorine..is in all probability converted into fluorhydric acid when it comes in contact with the sulphuric acid in the Glover tower.
2002 M. W. Saaltink et al. in P.L. Younger & N.S. Robins Mine Water Hydrogeol. & Geochem. 188/2 The chemical composition of the soil was obtained from the total digestion of the samples in a mixture of nitric and fluorhydric acids.
fluoroacetamide n. /ˌflɔːrəʊəˈsiːtəmʌɪd/, /ˌflʊərəʊəˈsɛtəmʌɪd/, /ˌflɔːrəʊəˈsɛtəmʌɪd/, /ˌflɔroʊəˈsɛdəˌmaɪd/, /ˈˌflʊroʊˌæsəˈtæˌmaɪd/, /ˈˌflɔroʊˌæsəˈtæˌmaɪd/ (also fluoracetamide) a toxic crystalline compound which is a fluorinated derivative of acetamide, used (esp. formerly) as an insecticide and rodenticide.Formula: CH2F·CONH2.
Brit. /ˌflʊərəʊəˈsiːtəmʌɪd/
, /ˌflʊərəʊəˈsiːtəmʌɪd//ˌflɔːrəʊəˈsiːtəmʌɪd//ˌflʊərəʊəˈsɛtəmʌɪd//ˌflɔːrəʊəˈsɛtəmʌɪd/U.S. /ˌflʊroʊəˈsɛdəˌmaɪd/
, /ˌflʊroʊəˈsɛdəˌmaɪd//ˌflɔroʊəˈsɛdəˌmaɪd//ˈˌflʊroʊˌæsəˈtæˌmaɪd//ˈˌflɔroʊˌæsəˈtæˌmaɪd/ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > poisons > [noun] > others
oxalic acid1788
nicotine1817
alkarsin1838
tetanine1857
muscarine1869
cinnoline1883
saprine1887
isocyanic acid1891
mescaline1896
toxicodendrol1898
tube curare1898
tulipine1900
fluoroacetamide1909
thalassin1909
yperite1917
protoanemonin1920
Lewisite1921
organochloride1966
1909 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 96 ii. 297 The author has determined the heats of formation of the following compounds... Fluoroacetamide, 249·55 cal.
1971 New Scientist 3 June 554/1 Acute poisons such as zinc phosphide, sodium fluoracetate and fluoracetamide have been brought into the battle-line [against rats].
2004 L.H. Weinstein & A. Davison Fluorides in Environment ix. 230 Fluoroacetamide has a similar history in other countries and it is now banned in most.
fluorobenzene n. /ˌflɔːrə(ʊ)ˈbɛnziːn/, /ˌflʊərə(ʊ)bɛnˈziːn/, /ˌflɔːrə(ʊ)bɛnˈziːn/, /ˈˌflɔroʊˈbɛnˌzin/, /ˈˌflʊroʊˌbɛnˈzin/, /ˈˌflɔroʊˌbɛnˈzin/ [after German Fluorobenzol (R. Schmitt & H. von Gehren 1870, in Jrnl. f. praktische Chem. 1 394, an abstract of which is cited in quot. 1870); compare earlier fluobenzene n. at fluo- comb. form 2] a liquid with the odour of benzene, frequently used as a starting material in the synthesis of organic compounds.Fluorobenzene is a derivative of benzene containing one fluorine atom; C6H5F.
Brit. /ˌflʊərə(ʊ)ˈbɛnziːn/
, /ˌflʊərə(ʊ)ˈbɛnziːn//ˌflɔːrə(ʊ)ˈbɛnziːn//ˌflʊərə(ʊ)bɛnˈziːn//ˌflɔːrə(ʊ)bɛnˈziːn/U.S. /ˈˌflʊroʊˈbɛnˌzin/
, /ˈˌflʊroʊˈbɛnˌzin//ˈˌflɔroʊˈbɛnˌzin//ˈˌflʊroʊˌbɛnˈzin//ˈˌflɔroʊˌbɛnˈzin/ΚΠ
1870 Chem. News 8 July 24/1 Fluorbenzol, C6H5Fl, is a crystalline solid, boiling at about 183°, fusing at 40°,..readily soluble in ether and alcohol.]
1887 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 52 130 Fluorobenzene..can easily be prepared by pouring 20–30 c.c. of strong hydrofluoric acid into a flask containing 10 grams of benzene diazopiperidide.
1977 J. March Adv. Org. Chem. (ed. 2) xi. 464 In electrophilic substitution on the halobenzenes, iodobenzene should give the largest amount of ortho product and fluorobenzene the smallest.
2002 Science 6 Sept. 1665/1 Fluorobenzene is extensively used as a starting material for the manufacture of many fungicides and drugs.
fluorohydrocortisone n. /ˌflɔːrə(ʊ)hʌɪdrə(ʊ)ˈkɔːtᵻzəʊn/, /ˈˌflʊroʊˌhaɪdroʊˈkɔrdəˌzoʊn/, /ˈˌflɔroʊˌhaɪdroʊˈkɔrdəˌsoʊn/, /ˈˌflɔroʊˌhaɪdroʊˈkɔrdəˌzoʊn/ (more fully 9α-fluorohydrocortisone) = fludrocortisone n.
Brit. /ˌflʊərə(ʊ)hʌɪdrə(ʊ)ˈkɔːtᵻzəʊn/
, /ˌflʊərə(ʊ)hʌɪdrə(ʊ)ˈkɔːtᵻzəʊn//ˌflɔːrə(ʊ)hʌɪdrə(ʊ)ˈkɔːtᵻzəʊn/U.S. /ˈˌflʊroʊˌhaɪdroʊˈkɔrdəˌsoʊn/
, /ˈˌflʊroʊˌhaɪdroʊˈkɔrdəˌsoʊn//ˈˌflʊroʊˌhaɪdroʊˈkɔrdəˌzoʊn//ˈˌflɔroʊˌhaɪdroʊˈkɔrdəˌsoʊn//ˈˌflɔroʊˌhaɪdroʊˈkɔrdəˌzoʊn/ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > hormones and substances with same effect > [noun]
epinephrine1899
pituitrin1909
oxytocin1927
Pitocin1929
Pitressin1929
progestin1930
progesterone1935
methyltestosterone1936
pregnenolone1936
hexœstrol1939
stilboestrol1939
hydroxyprogesterone1941
progestogen1941
Premarin1942
hydroxycorticosterone1943
gestagen1948
hydrocortisone1951
cortisol1953
fluorohydrocortisone1954
isophane1954
prednisolone1955
prednisone1955
norethisterone1956
norethynodrel1957
dexamethasone1958
fludrocortisone1958
norethindrone1960
antidiuretic hormone1961
medroxyprogesterone1962
Pergonal1963
mesterolone1965
norgestrel1966
quinestrol1966
pancuronium1967
pentagastrin1967
levonorgestrel1977
1954 J. Fried & E. F. Sabo in Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 76 1455/2 9α-Fluorohydrocortisone acetate..was obtained in about 50% yield.
1955 Sci. News Let. 5 Feb. 82/1 Two of the new anti-arthritis drugs..aldosterone, also called electrocortin, and fluorohydrocortisone.
1979 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 7 July 26/1 With the introduction of 9α-fluorohydrocortisone (fludrocortisone),..the complete maintenance treatment of adrenal insufficiency by mouth became possible.
2001 R. C. Duvoisin & J. Sage Parkinson's Dis. (ed. 5) vii. 80 If these countermeasures are not sufficient, the patient's physician may wish to try the drug fluorohydrocortisone.
fluoropolymer n. /ˌflɔːrə(ʊ)ˈpɒlᵻmə/, /ˌflɔroʊˈpɑləmər/ any of a class of polymers made from fluorocarbons or fluorinated hydrocarbons, typically chemically inert, durable materials often with non-stick properties.
Brit. /ˌflʊərə(ʊ)ˈpɒlᵻmə/
, /ˌflʊərə(ʊ)ˈpɒlᵻmə//ˌflɔːrə(ʊ)ˈpɒlᵻmə/U.S. /ˌflʊroʊˈpɑləmər/
, /ˌflʊroʊˈpɑləmər//ˌflɔroʊˈpɑləmər/ΚΠ
1949 Industr. Chemist 25 115 (diagram) Fluorohydropolymer... Fluorinated with F2 and AgF2.
1976 Chem. Week (Nexis) 28 July 44 For several years, Du Pont was actively testing fluoropolymers as possible new materials for soft-contact lenses.
1991 Professional Heating Sept. 61/1 The tougher cable..is constructed of two sensor wires, an alarm signal wire and a continuity wire all embedded in a fluoropolymer carrier rod.
2006 Wall St. Jrnl. 20 Jan. (Central ed.) w2/4 In 1971, the Gores' son Bob invented Gore-Tex, a fluoropolymer, or Teflon-like, material..used to manufacture waterproof clothing, electronics and medical devices.
fluorosilicate n. /ˌflɔːrə(ʊ)ˈsɪlᵻkət/, /ˌflʊərə(ʊ)ˈsɪlᵻkeɪt/, /ˌflɔːrə(ʊ)ˈsɪlᵻkeɪt/, /ˌflɔroʊˈsɪləkət/, /ˌflʊroʊˈsɪləˌkeɪt/, /ˌflɔroʊˈsɪləˌkeɪt/ a salt of the hexafluorosilicate anion SiF62−; cf. fluosilicate n.
Brit. /ˌflʊərə(ʊ)ˈsɪlᵻkət/
, /ˌflʊərə(ʊ)ˈsɪlᵻkət//ˌflɔːrə(ʊ)ˈsɪlᵻkət//ˌflʊərə(ʊ)ˈsɪlᵻkeɪt//ˌflɔːrə(ʊ)ˈsɪlᵻkeɪt/U.S. /ˌflʊroʊˈsɪləkət/
, /ˌflʊroʊˈsɪləkət//ˌflɔroʊˈsɪləkət//ˌflʊroʊˈsɪləˌkeɪt//ˌflɔroʊˈsɪləˌkeɪt/ΚΠ
1893 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 64 ii. 125 The crystals..present the same crystallographic properties as the corresponding fluorosilicates, fluorostannates, and analogous salts.
1995 Independent 24 Jan. 23/1 Water is treated by adding fluorosilicate, a fluoride-rich by-product of phosphoric acid manufacture.
2004 J. Wainwright & J. B. Thornes Environm. Issues in Mediterranean ii. 16 In 936 and 968 ce fogs associated with a south-westerly wind destroyed harvests in northern Italy. This destruction may be due to acidification from aerosols or the formation of calcium fluorosilicate from tephra.
fluorotype n. /ˈflɔːrə(ʊ)tʌɪp/, /ˈflɔrəˌtaɪp/ Photography (now historical) an early positive process in which paper sensitized with sodium fluoride was used.
Brit. /ˈflʊərə(ʊ)tʌɪp/
, /ˈflʊərə(ʊ)tʌɪp//ˈflɔːrə(ʊ)tʌɪp/U.S. /ˈflʊrəˌtaɪp/
, /ˈflʊrəˌtaɪp//ˈflɔrəˌtaɪp/ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > photographic processes > [noun]
daguerreotype1839
calotype1841
chrysotype1842
chromotype1843
ferrotype1843
tithonotype1843
amphitype1844
energiatype1844
fluorotype1844
Talbotype1844
daguerreotypy1853
ambrotype1854
bitumen process1858
carbon process1858
reversal1859
pyro-photography1869
vitrotype1875
platinotype1877
transferrotype1889
diazotype1890
kallitype1890
Joly process1894
reversal process1908
bromoil1909
bleach-out process1914
carbro1919
Finlay process1931
reversal processing1931
diazo1948
xography1965
push processing1966
1844 R. Hunt Res. Light 106 It has been found that the fluate of soda has the property of quickening the sensibility of bromidated papers to a very remarkable extent; and from this quality a new process, which I would distinguish by the name of the Fluorotype, results.
1894 E. L. Wilson Cycl. Photogr. 159/2 Fluoride of Bromine... It is formed in the preparation of the solution for the fluorotype.
1955 H. Gernsheim & A. Gernsheim Hist. Photogr. iii. xi. 124 Fluorotype derives its name from the fluoride of sodium used in preparing the paper... The exposure was only half a minute and the picture was developed with protosulphate of iron.
2007 M. Osterman in M. R. Peres Focal Encycl. Photogr. (ed. 4) 97/2 Chromatype..and fluorotype were just some of the processes developed in the 1840s that did not survive.
fluorouracil n. /ˌflɔːrə(ʊ)ˈjʊərəsɪl/, /ˌflɔːrə(ʊ)ˈjɔːrəsɪl/, /ˌflɔroʊˈjʊrəˌsɪl/ (in full 5-fluorouracil) a fluorine-substituted derivative of uracil which inhibits DNA synthesis and is used as a chemotherapy drug in the treatment of cancer.
Brit. /ˌflʊərə(ʊ)ˈjʊərəsɪl/
, /ˌflʊərə(ʊ)ˈjʊərəsɪl//ˌflɔːrə(ʊ)ˈjʊərəsɪl//ˌflɔːrə(ʊ)ˈjɔːrəsɪl/U.S. /ˌflʊroʊˈjʊrəˌsɪl/
, /ˌflʊroʊˈjʊrəˌsɪl//ˌflɔroʊˈjʊrəˌsɪl/ΚΠ
1957 C. Heidelberger et al. Nature 30 Mar. 663/2 We have synthesized a number of hitherto unknown 5-fluoropyrimidines and their 2-thio derivatives. 5-Fluoro-uracil..and 5-fluoro-orotic acid..exert considerable anti-tumour activity.
1994 M. M. Sherry Confronting Cancer iii. 44 Two chemotherapy drugs, fluorouracil (5-FU) and levamizole, effectively reduced the recurrence rate of stage C colon cancer when administered following surgery.
2008 Daily Tel. 22 Apr. 1/4 The drug 5-fluorouracil..is used for tumours of the breast, ovary, colon, stomach, skin, pancreas and bladder.
2.
a. Forming words relating to fluorescence, as fluorogenic adj., fluorometer n., fluoroscope n., etc.
ΚΠ
1859Fluorogenic [see fluorogenic adj.].
1964 Jrnl. Parasitol. 50 237 Sur, Moss, and King..employed β-naphthyl phosphate as the substrate and a special fluorospectrophotometer to measure the fluorescence.
1990 T. G. Wreghitt & P. Morgan-Capner ELISA in Clin. Microbiol. Lab. vi. 96 Detection of viral antigens by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay.
2006 J. Nott Extreme Events ii. 48 A luminescent banding that is only visible under a fluoromicroscope.
b.
fluorochrome n. /ˈflɔːrə(ʊ)krəʊm/, /ˈflɔrəˌkroʊm/ [after German Fluorochrom (M. Haidinger 1935, in Mikrochemie 16 355)] any of numerous chemical compounds that fluoresce, esp. one used as a label in biological research.
Brit. /ˈflʊərə(ʊ)krəʊm/
, /ˈflʊərə(ʊ)krəʊm//ˈflɔːrə(ʊ)krəʊm/U.S. /ˈflʊrəˌkroʊm/
, /ˈflʊrəˌkroʊm//ˈflɔrəˌkroʊm/ΚΠ
1936 Industr. & Engin. Chem. (Analyt. ed.) 8 423/2 The addition of small amounts of adsorbable fluorescent substances, so-called ‘fluorochromes’.
1953 A. G. E. Pearse Histochem. viii. 171 Secondary Fluorescence Methods These methods depend on the solution of fluorescent substances, usually referred to as fluorochromes.
1984 M. J. Taussig Processes in Pathol. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) vi. 730 Each individual chromosome can be identified by a characteristic pattern of bands, revealed by staining with Giemsa stain..or a fluorochrome such as quinacrine mustard.
2002 Carcinogenesis 23 2077/2 Chloromethyl-X-rosamine is an aldehyde-fixable potential-sensitive fluorochrome for the detection of early apoptosis.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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comb. form1840