flatnessn.

Brit.

/ˈflatnəs/, U.S.

/ˈflætnəs/

Etymology: < flat adj. + -ness suffix.

1. The quality or condition of being flat or level; esp. of a country.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > [noun]

evenlinesseOE

evennesseOE

plainnessc1330

flatnessc1440

level1594

levelness1787

planity1803

planeness1858

planarity1956

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 164/2 Flatnesse, planicies.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. ii. lxv. 31 Wonderfull it remaineth..How it should become a Globe, considering so great flatnesse of Plaines and Seas.

1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ix. 156 They try..the flatness of the whole Frame of Flooring again.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 725 The perfect flatness of the coasts.

1836 J. Murray Hand-bk. for Travellers on Continent 338/2 The wearisome flatness and monotony of their..country.

2. The quality or fact of having a small curvature; diminished convexity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > [noun] > convexity > diminished convexity

flatness1683

1683 J. Ray Corr. (1848) 134 The flatness of its bill.

1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) I. p. iv The flatness of the Earth at the Poles.

1815 J. Scott Visit to Paris App. p. lii To Neuilly, to view the bridge..celebrated for the flatness of its arches.

1870 Whymper in Alpine Jrnl. V. 6 The flatness of the curves of the roches moutonnées.

a. ‘Want of relief or prominence’ (Johnson). spec. in Photography. Cf. flat adj. 4d.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > work of art > [noun] > artistic treatment or style > types of

grotesque1561

charging1569

gusto1662

grand manner1695

manner1706

flatnessa1719

style1801

low key1803

mannerism1803

daguerreotype1850

chic1851

conventionalization1880

Louis Philippe1908

stylization1908

convention1926

historicism1939

pop1958

a1719 J. Addison Dialogues Medals in Wks. (1721) I. iii. 539 One would think the Coiner look'd on the flatness of a figure as one of the greatest beauties in Sculpture.

1885 A. M. F. Robinson in Mag. of Art Sept. 478/2 The brilliant light in which the outline is lost, the solidity almost to flatness..all remind us of Hans Holbein.

1889 E. J. Wall Dict. Photogr. 71 Flatness, a want of vigour and contrast in the negative and resulting prints, due to under- or over-exposure, or to the use of too strong or too weak a developer.

b. flatness of field (see quots. and flat field n. at flat adj., adv., and n.³ Compounds 2).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > action of taking photograph > technical factors > [noun] > type of focusing

depth of field1855

circle of least confusion1867

flatness of field1867

infinity1867

register1890

fixed focus1892

back focus1897

circle of confusion1906

isocentre1931

split-field1941

split-image1950

1867 J. Hogg Microscope (ed. 6) i. ii. 72 Flatness of field..denotes the exact capability of an objective to show the peripheral or marginal portions of the field with the same sharpness as the central.

1878 W. de W. Abney Treat. Photogr. 206 On the distance of the diaphragm from the lens is dependent the amount of distortion, as is also the size of the picture which the lens is capable of defining; whilst at the same time the flatness of the field is also in a great measure due to a large distance being maintained between them.

1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 805/2 To get tolerable definition and flatness of field a stop must be added.

1919 Brit. Jrnl. Photogr. Almanac 238 Flatness of field means the property of giving equal definition in all parts of the plate when photographing a flat subject with the lens pointed squarely to it.

4. The condition of having great breadth in proportion to the thickness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > condition of being broad in relation to thickness > [noun]

flatness1878

1878 S. Newcomb Pop. Astron. iii. iv. 344 The extreme thinness and flatness of the object.

a. Outspokenness, plainness (of speech).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > plainness > [noun] > bluntness or matter-of-factness

unmithea1325

roundness1568

plumpness1618

broadness1685

straightforwardness1805

matter-of-factness1816

flatness1887

1887 Poor Nellie (1888) 10 He feared he had contradicted the Archbishop with a flatness amounting to rudeness.

b. Absoluteness, unqualified condition.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [noun] > quality of being utter or absolute

flatnessa1616

starkness1641

utterness1827

a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iii. ii. 121 That he did but see The flatnesse of my miserie.

a. Want of incident or interest; monotony.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > feeling of weariness or tedium > [noun] > state or quality of being wearisome or tedious > lacking variety

monotony1706

uniformity1707

humdrum1727

sameness1743

monotonousness1807

humdrummishness1830

humdrummery1831

flatness1884

humdrumminess1886

sameliness1897

sameyness1977

1884 H. S. Holland in P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. III. 2051 The prosy flatness of common life.

b. Commerce. Dullness, lack of competition.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > [noun] > other trading qualities

flatness1812

slackness1851

1812 G. Chalmers Hist. View Domest. Econ. Great Brit. & Ireland 419 The flatness..of the trade of Ireland.

1891 Times 10 Oct. 12/1 The flatness of the American market.

7. Deficiency in flavour; deadness, insipidity, vapidness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > insipidity > [noun]

wearishnessa1398

unsavouriness1422

tastelessness1600

flashinessa1603

wallowishness1603

insipidity1611

insipidnessa1631

deadness1707

flatness1707

mawkishness1727

walshness1808

ditchwateriness1840

savourlessness1841

blandness1846

silence1879

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry xx. 598 Deadness or Flatness in Cyder, which is often occasioned by the too free admission of Air into the Vessel.

1855 ‘E. S. Delamer’ Kitchen Garden 93 A mixture of sorrel corrects the peculiar flatness of its flavour.

8. Of sound: Deadness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > non-resonance > [noun]

flatness1626

lightness1817

irresonance1880

anti-resonance1923

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §157 That Flatnesse of Sound is ioyned with a Harshnesse of Sound.

1734 I. Watts Reliquiæ Juveniles (1789) 160 Long custom has induced a sort of flatness into these sounds.

9. Want of spirit or energy; apathetic condition, dejectedness; lack of mental acuteness or alertness; dulness of mind.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [noun] > lack of animation

flatnessa1643

inanimateness1654

spiritlessness1669

inanimation1784

dead-alivism1887

a1643 J. Shute Sarah & Hagar (1649) 84 Jezebel..reproached him with a flatness of spirit, as if he were not worthy to sway a Scepter.

1671 J. Glanvill Further Discov. Stubbe Pref. sig. A ij^v It would be look'd upon as flatness, or fear, if I should deal softly with such an Adversary.

1720 R. Welton tr. T. Alvares de Andrade Sufferings Son of God I. xiii. 332 The disgust and Flattness of our Souls, in Relation to those never-fading Treasures.

1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xxiii. 458 The flatness of being content with common reasons.

1810 J. Jebb Let. 7 Aug. in J. Jebb & A. Knox Thirty Years' Corr. (1834) II. 5 A flatness of mind was gradually stealing upon me.

1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda III. iv. xxxvi. 97 We should stamp every possible world with the flatness of our own inanity.

10. Of an author, literary style, conversation, etc.: Want of animation, brilliancy, or pointedness; prosaic dulness.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > feeling of weariness or tedium > [noun] > state or quality of being wearisome or tedious

irksomeness1533

wearisomeness1579

inanity1603

tediositya1625

drynessa1637

unliveliness1643

flatness1649

tedium1662

tiresomeness1668

aridity1692

languor1741

dullness1751

uninterestingness1794

ponderousness1801

yawniness1805

unimpressiveness1827

slowness1828

grey1830

fadeness1837

woodenness1854

tristeness1866

boresomeness1883

boringness1893

stodginess1899

monochrome1962

1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης xvi. 151 To help those many infirmities,..rudeness, impertinencie, flatness, and the like, we have a remedy of Gods finding out [sc. prayer].

1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. Pref. Some of his [sc. Homer's] Translators having swell'd into Fustian..others sunk into Flatness.

1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind i. v. 96 For some scores of Lines together, there is a Coldness and Flatness.

1839 T. Arnold Jrnl. 22 Sept. in A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold (1844) II. x. 165 The flatnesses and meagreness and unfairness of most of those who have written on this subject.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	flatness
释义	flatnessn. Brit. /ˈflatnəs/, U.S. /ˈflætnəs/ Etymology: < flat adj. + -ness suffix. 1. The quality or condition of being flat or level; esp. of a country. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > flatness or levelness > [noun] evenlinesseOE evennesseOE plainnessc1330 flatnessc1440 level1594 levelness1787 planity1803 planeness1858 planarity1956 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 164/2 Flatnesse, planicies. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. ii. lxv. 31 Wonderfull it remaineth..How it should become a Globe, considering so great flatnesse of Plaines and Seas. 1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ix. 156 They try..the flatness of the whole Frame of Flooring again. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 725 The perfect flatness of the coasts. 1836 J. Murray Hand-bk. for Travellers on Continent 338/2 The wearisome flatness and monotony of their..country. 2. The quality or fact of having a small curvature; diminished convexity. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > [noun] > convexity > diminished convexity flatness1683 1683 J. Ray Corr. (1848) 134 The flatness of its bill. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) I. p. iv The flatness of the Earth at the Poles. 1815 J. Scott Visit to Paris App. p. lii To Neuilly, to view the bridge..celebrated for the flatness of its arches. 1870 Whymper in Alpine Jrnl. V. 6 The flatness of the curves of the roches moutonnées. 3. a. ‘Want of relief or prominence’ (Johnson). spec. in Photography. Cf. flat adj. 4d. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > work of art > [noun] > artistic treatment or style > types of grotesque1561 charging1569 gusto1662 grand manner1695 manner1706 flatnessa1719 style1801 low key1803 mannerism1803 daguerreotype1850 chic1851 conventionalization1880 Louis Philippe1908 stylization1908 convention1926 historicism1939 pop1958 a1719 J. Addison Dialogues Medals in Wks. (1721) I. iii. 539 One would think the Coiner look'd on the flatness of a figure as one of the greatest beauties in Sculpture. 1885 A. M. F. Robinson in Mag. of Art Sept. 478/2 The brilliant light in which the outline is lost, the solidity almost to flatness..all remind us of Hans Holbein. 1889 E. J. Wall Dict. Photogr. 71 Flatness, a want of vigour and contrast in the negative and resulting prints, due to under- or over-exposure, or to the use of too strong or too weak a developer. b. flatness of field (see quots. and flat field n. at flat adj., adv., and n.³ Compounds 2). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > action of taking photograph > technical factors > [noun] > type of focusing depth of field1855 circle of least confusion1867 flatness of field1867 infinity1867 register1890 fixed focus1892 back focus1897 circle of confusion1906 isocentre1931 split-field1941 split-image1950 1867 J. Hogg Microscope (ed. 6) i. ii. 72 Flatness of field..denotes the exact capability of an objective to show the peripheral or marginal portions of the field with the same sharpness as the central. 1878 W. de W. Abney Treat. Photogr. 206 On the distance of the diaphragm from the lens is dependent the amount of distortion, as is also the size of the picture which the lens is capable of defining; whilst at the same time the flatness of the field is also in a great measure due to a large distance being maintained between them. 1884 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 805/2 To get tolerable definition and flatness of field a stop must be added. 1919 Brit. Jrnl. Photogr. Almanac 238 Flatness of field means the property of giving equal definition in all parts of the plate when photographing a flat subject with the lens pointed squarely to it. 4. The condition of having great breadth in proportion to the thickness. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > condition of being broad in relation to thickness > [noun] flatness1878 1878 S. Newcomb Pop. Astron. iii. iv. 344 The extreme thinness and flatness of the object. 5. a. Outspokenness, plainness (of speech). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > plainness > [noun] > bluntness or matter-of-factness unmithea1325 roundness1568 plumpness1618 broadness1685 straightforwardness1805 matter-of-factness1816 flatness1887 1887 Poor Nellie (1888) 10 He feared he had contradicted the Archbishop with a flatness amounting to rudeness. b. Absoluteness, unqualified condition. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [noun] > quality of being utter or absolute flatnessa1616 starkness1641 utterness1827 a1616 W. Shakespeare Winter's Tale (1623) iii. ii. 121 That he did but see The flatnesse of my miserie. View more context for this quotation 6. a. Want of incident or interest; monotony. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > feeling of weariness or tedium > [noun] > state or quality of being wearisome or tedious > lacking variety monotony1706 uniformity1707 humdrum1727 sameness1743 monotonousness1807 humdrummishness1830 humdrummery1831 flatness1884 humdrumminess1886 sameliness1897 sameyness1977 1884 H. S. Holland in P. Schaff et al. Relig. Encycl. III. 2051 The prosy flatness of common life. b. Commerce. Dullness, lack of competition. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > [noun] > other trading qualities flatness1812 slackness1851 1812 G. Chalmers Hist. View Domest. Econ. Great Brit. & Ireland 419 The flatness..of the trade of Ireland. 1891 Times 10 Oct. 12/1 The flatness of the American market. 7. Deficiency in flavour; deadness, insipidity, vapidness. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > insipidity > [noun] wearishnessa1398 unsavouriness1422 tastelessness1600 flashinessa1603 wallowishness1603 insipidity1611 insipidnessa1631 deadness1707 flatness1707 mawkishness1727 walshness1808 ditchwateriness1840 savourlessness1841 blandness1846 silence1879 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry xx. 598 Deadness or Flatness in Cyder, which is often occasioned by the too free admission of Air into the Vessel. 1855 ‘E. S. Delamer’ Kitchen Garden 93 A mixture of sorrel corrects the peculiar flatness of its flavour. 8. Of sound: Deadness. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > non-resonance > [noun] flatness1626 lightness1817 irresonance1880 anti-resonance1923 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §157 That Flatnesse of Sound is ioyned with a Harshnesse of Sound. 1734 I. Watts Reliquiæ Juveniles (1789) 160 Long custom has induced a sort of flatness into these sounds. 9. Want of spirit or energy; apathetic condition, dejectedness; lack of mental acuteness or alertness; dulness of mind. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > [noun] > lack of animation flatnessa1643 inanimateness1654 spiritlessness1669 inanimation1784 dead-alivism1887 a1643 J. Shute Sarah & Hagar (1649) 84 Jezebel..reproached him with a flatness of spirit, as if he were not worthy to sway a Scepter. 1671 J. Glanvill Further Discov. Stubbe Pref. sig. A ij^v It would be look'd upon as flatness, or fear, if I should deal softly with such an Adversary. 1720 R. Welton tr. T. Alvares de Andrade Sufferings Son of God I. xiii. 332 The disgust and Flattness of our Souls, in Relation to those never-fading Treasures. 1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xxiii. 458 The flatness of being content with common reasons. 1810 J. Jebb Let. 7 Aug. in J. Jebb & A. Knox Thirty Years' Corr. (1834) II. 5 A flatness of mind was gradually stealing upon me. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda III. iv. xxxvi. 97 We should stamp every possible world with the flatness of our own inanity. 10. Of an author, literary style, conversation, etc.: Want of animation, brilliancy, or pointedness; prosaic dulness. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > feeling of weariness or tedium > [noun] > state or quality of being wearisome or tedious irksomeness1533 wearisomeness1579 inanity1603 tediositya1625 drynessa1637 unliveliness1643 flatness1649 tedium1662 tiresomeness1668 aridity1692 languor1741 dullness1751 uninterestingness1794 ponderousness1801 yawniness1805 unimpressiveness1827 slowness1828 grey1830 fadeness1837 woodenness1854 tristeness1866 boresomeness1883 boringness1893 stodginess1899 monochrome1962 1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης xvi. 151 To help those many infirmities,..rudeness, impertinencie, flatness, and the like, we have a remedy of Gods finding out [sc. prayer]. 1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. Pref. Some of his [sc. Homer's] Translators having swell'd into Fustian..others sunk into Flatness. 1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind i. v. 96 For some scores of Lines together, there is a Coldness and Flatness. 1839 T. Arnold Jrnl. 22 Sept. in A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold (1844) II. x. 165 The flatnesses and meagreness and unfairness of most of those who have written on this subject. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1440
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