foreignadj.n.²adv.

Brit.

/ˈfɒrᵻn/,

/ˈfɒrn̩/, U.S.

/ˈfɔrən/,

/ˈfɑrən/

Forms: Middle English feorrene, Middle English ferren, Middle English fforen, Middle English fforeyn, Middle English forant, Middle English foreynt, Middle English forrenge, Middle English furrene, Middle English 1600s foreine, Middle English–1500s foran, Middle English–1500s foryn, Middle English–1600s forayn, Middle English–1600s forayne, Middle English–1600s foreyn, Middle English–1600s foreyne, Middle English–1600s forren, Middle English–1600s forreyn, Middle English–1700s foren, Middle English–1800s forein, 1500s–1600s foraine, 1500s–1600s forraigne, 1500s–1600s forrain, 1500s–1600s forraine, 1500s–1600s forreine, 1500s–1700s foraign, 1500s–1700s forraign, 1500s–1700s forreign, 1500s–1700s forreigne, 1500s–1700s forrein, 1500s– foreign, 1600s furraine, 1600s (1800s– nonstandard) forrin, 1600s–1700s forain, 1800s– furrin (nonstandard); Scottish pre-1700 foirane, pre-1700 foirrane, pre-1700 foraine, pre-1700 forand, pre-1700 forane, pre-1700 forayne, pre-1700 foreane, pre-1700 foreine, pre-1700 foren, pre-1700 forene, pre-1700 foreyen, pre-1700 foreyn, pre-1700 foreyne, pre-1700 forraine, pre-1700 forran, pre-1700 forrane, pre-1700 forrayne, pre-1700 forrein, pre-1700 forreine, pre-1700 forreyen, pre-1700 forreyn, pre-1700 forringe, pre-1700 1700s forain, pre-1700 1700s forraigne, pre-1700 1700s forrain, pre-1700 1700s– foreign, 1900s– furran, 1900s– furreign, 1900s– furren, 1900s– furrin.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French forein, forain.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman forein, foran, foren, foreint, foreigne, foreigne, furein, ferein, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French forain exterior, outer, on the outside, from outside or elsewhere, from another country or place (all 12th cent.), (as noun) foreigner, outsider, alien (12th cent.), area outside the jurisdiction of a town, outskirts (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), non-member of a guild (14th cent. in Anglo-Norman) < post-classical Latin foranus (adjective) exterior, situated on the outside (probably 5th cent.), from another city or country (12th cent. in British sources), (noun) person from another town (12th cent. in a British source) < classical Latin forās , forīs out of doors (see for- prefix³) + -ānus -an suffix.Compare post-classical Latin foraneus (adjective) from another city or country (from 12th cent. in British sources), concerned with external affairs (from 13th cent. in British sources), (of a canon) non-resident (13th cent.), from another jurisdiction (14th cent. in a British source), exterior, situated on the outside (14th cent.), (noun) person from another town (12th cent.; from 13th cent. in British sources), formed on the analogy of classical Latin extrāneus (see extraneous adj. and compare Spanish foráneo (c1600)). Compare also post-classical Latin forinsecus (adjective) (from) outside (local community or jurisdiction) (6th cent.; frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), outdoor, outside (8th cent in British sources), (of a building or part of it) outer (11th cent.; frequently from early 13th cent. in British sources), outlying, remote (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), concerned with external affairs (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources), (noun) person from outside, foreigner (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) ( < classical Latin forinsecus , adverb), which in legal use in England is the usual equivalent of foreign . In Middle English sometimes showing postposition and plural agreement (as e.g. in quot. 1384 at sense A. 1a).

A. adj.

I. Belonging to another and related senses.

a. Belonging to or coming from another parish, town, district, etc.; (in early use) esp. designating a person who is not a citizen or freeman of a town, or who does not belong to a particular guild. Now somewhat rare, as foreign is now predominantly used in senses belonging to Branch A. II.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adjective] > that is a stranger or outsider

uncouthc893

outcomeeOE

fremdc950

althedyOE

foreigna1325

aliena1382

barbarous1542

barbarianc1550

stranger1593

extraneous1656

outside1826

barbaric1849

extern1866

offcomed1879

a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) vii. 60 Forasemuche foreine tenauns nabbez nammore riȝt to commune in wast, oþer in pasture of ani lord þan his oune propre tenauns.

1384 Proclam. Sir Nicholas Brembre in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 32 Alle swiche vitaillers foreins, that bryngeth fissh or other vitailles to the same Citee to selle.

1425–6 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 190 (MED) John Sonder, yn þe paressh of þe whitechapell hath i j k. of foreyn ale.

a1483 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 317 Ye schall couer no foren strenger yn no wys under yor franches.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 437 The market house..was buylded for the free sale of the foreyn Boocher, and of the foreyn Fishmonger.

c1638 Order Privy Council in J. Penkethman Artachthos sig. Hij^v The forreigne Bakers which bring their Bread to be sold in the market of any Citie.

1708 London Gaz. No. 4465/6 In the Hands of the foreign Bailiff of Dudley.

1713 in Cal. Virginia State Papers (1875) I. 168 The next matter, I shall recommend to you, is the providing more effectually for the Security of your Frontiers against foreign Indians.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. xxxviii. 63 They usually talk of corporations belonging to other States as ‘foreign’.

1888 S. Baring-Gould Richard Cable II. xxxviii. 253 Mrs. Cable was foreign born and bred; she did not even speak like a Cornish woman.

1891 Daily News 18 Sept. 3/3 There has been a great demand for foreign labour in Kent.

1895 Guardian 6 Mar. 363/3 The foreign examiners [at Durham] are the Regius Professor of Hebrew, Oxford, and the Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Cambridge.

1992 Times 8 July 25/6 Bristol's ambivalence towards ‘foreign’ county councils has deep roots.

b. Designating a parish, town, district, etc., other than one's own; situated in another parish, town, district, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > part of country or district > [adjective] > remote or outlying

out of the wayc1175

uplandishc1380

foreign1424

outland1500

outlying1651

outsetting1658

back country1775

out-of-the-world1775

outlandish1792

outworld1808

upcountry1810

backwoodish1836

fresh water1860

backwoodsy1862

way back1884

outstate1911

upstate1935

1424 in R. R. Sharpe Cal. Let.-bks. London (1909) I. 293 (MED) Purveours of Kyng, Quene, Prynce and of other have take godes of lyvyng and here vitayles of hem and delivered hem tailles, assyngnyg hem day and place to receyve her payement in foreyn and ferre places.

a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 109 (MED) Yeldyng yerely to them..iij s..for all seruyce, customs, and sutis of Courte, and all demaundis, but hit were to the a forrenge courte.

1512 Act 4 Henry VIII c. 4 §1 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 50 Outlawries had ageynst theym in forreyn Counties.

1676 S. Degge Parson's Counsellor ii. v. 166 To be imployed in a Forrain Parish.

1884 Huddersfield Chron. 18 Apr. 8/1 He had two warrants against Hirst, a horse dealer, of Slaithwaite, one from that court and one from a foreign court, for over £29.

1921 Daily Mail 9 May 9/1 G. N. Foster, the second of the famous Worcestershire brotherhood to turn out for a ‘foreign’ county.

2015 Irish Daily Mail (Nexis) 14 Nov. 62 Kerry had four managers, but three of them..were spreading the word in foreign parishes.

c. Law. Of a plea, defence, etc.: tried in a different place from where the action was originally brought or the matter originally occurred; as in foreign plea. Now only in historical contexts.

ΚΠ

1437 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1437 §26. m. 5 Eche of þese .xiij. plees and answeres, triable out of þe shire in which þe action and writ of atteint is sued, shal cause þe delay..unto the tyme that eche of þe seid foreins severals answers be tried.

1437 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1437 §26. m. 5 If eny of the seid foreins answers and plees, be tried and founden ageyn eny of þe seid defendantz, [etc.].

a1472 in Archaeologia Cantiana (1931) 43 206 The same besecher is like to be condempned in the said citee by colour of the said foreyn accion, ageyns reson & conscience.

1512 Act 4 Henry VIII c. 2 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 49 Of feyned and untrew Foreyn pleyes triable in foreyn Countes.

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Gg1^v/2 Forein mater..mater triable in another countie.

1986 Law & Hist. Rev. 4 74 The record of the case states that it was adjourned to the Staffordshire Eyre, but there is no reference to it amongst the foreign pleas on the roll of that eyre.

a. Not related to or concerned with the thing or person being considered; of a different nature or character; strange, unfamiliar, alien. Frequently followed by from, to.Sometimes influenced by, or an extended use of, sense A. 7b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > relevance or pertinence > [adjective] > irrelevant

foreigna1393

unpertinentc1400

impertinentc1450

peregrine1532

far-fet1533

exorbitant1534

unrelevant1558

stravagant1565

fremd1581

unappliable1588

misapplied1596

immaterial1598

far-fetched1607

misdevoted1623

unappertaining1645

irrelativea1657

inapposite1661

unconcerned1683

scandalous1750

uncentral1782

irrelevant1786

tangent1787

inappertinent1814

unappropriate1818

tangential1867

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [adjective] > strange

uncouthc900

unketha1275

solein1390

foreigna1393

uncoc1410

unquod1542

estrange1549

strangy1558

estrangeful1613

unco-like1636

arabesque1847

other-dimensional1934

Martian1953

weirded out1973

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iii. l. 5 A vice forein fro the lawe.

c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte (1901) l. 5860 (MED) Yt was don..Oonly for to han victoire With-oute surplus of wynnyng Of any other foreyn thing, For they play for no profyte But for Ioy and for delyte.

a1642 R. Callis Reading of Statute of Sewers (1647) ii. 103 The Lord of the Copyhold is not to be taxed for the Soil of the Copyhold; for although he might come to it by forfeiture committed, yet that is a forain possibility.

1681 tr. G. J. Guilleragues Seven Portuguese Lett. i. 4 What have I to do with mysteries, and things that are foreign to me?

1709 J. Swift Let. conc. Sacramental Test 14 This design is not so foreign from some Peoples Thoughts.

1719 Free-thinker III. 95 Persons, of a Profession very foreign to this Science.

1821 C. Lamb in London Mag. Nov. 469/2 [The diet] least stimulative to appetite, leaves the mind most free for foreign considerations.

1873 A. Helps Some Talk about Animals & their Masters i. 16 A purpose foreign from his pursuits.

1881 J. R. Illingworth Serm. Coll. Chapel 74 Such language may be a little foreign, but the experience is universal.

1940 R. Wright Native Son iii. 316 The facts of this evil crime are..utterly beastlike and foreign to our whole concept of life.

1992 IndustryWeek 7 Dec. 36/1 Emulating industry's ‘best-in-class’ was a foreign concept for many in the defense arena.

2005 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 17 Dec. 22/5 In hospital all the treatments and medications they gave me and being put on oxygen was all so foreign to me that it scared the holy ghost out of me.

†b. Law. Designating an unusual or unnatural interpretation of the meaning of a piece of wording in a legal document, as in foreign intent, foreign intendment. Cf. common intendment. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1626 F. Bacon Elements Common Lawes (1630) 50 The graunts of a common person..shall be extended as well to a forrein intent as to a common intent.

1656 tr. J. Popham Rep. & Cases 163 Because it hath been objected that he may be seised Præ auter vie, this is but a forraign intendment, for a Fee is alwaies intended Seisin in Fee-simple.

1764 J. Comyns Digest Laws Eng. II. 321 Words insensible do not make a Condition;..Nor Words to a foreign Intent.

1768 J. Burrow Series Decisions Court King's Bench 1 193 It seems a very foreign Intendment to suppose, ‘that the Mother had any other Right to the Settlement, than as the Wife of Hankin’.

†3.

a. Belonging to another; not one's own. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > non-possession > fact of not being possessed or owned > [adjective] > not one's own

foreign?c1400

stranger1577

?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) i. pr. iv. l. 337 Compelled in accusyng of my name for nede of foreine moneye.

c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 93 (MED) Wherfore be ye ravisched..As þogh þise goodes schulde be þyn owne, Þe wiche fro the ben vtterly forreyn.

1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 13 Keep all thy native good, and naturalize All forrain of that name; but scorn their ill.

1733 A. Pope Ess. Man iii. 21 Nothing is foreign: Parts relate to Whole.

1851 R. Hussey Rise Papal Power i. 35 The interference of Bishops in foreign Sees.

b. Not conducted within a household; occurring outside the home; concerned with matters outside the home. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adjective] > that is a stranger or outsider > specific to one's household or family

foreign1605

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > foreign (of country or place) or situated abroad > foreign as opposed to domestic

foreign1605

offshore1929

society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > [adjective] > other than personal

foreign1721

1605 in Archaeologia (1800) 13 316 [The steward] is to see into all offices, soe well forraine, as at home.

a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. xiii. §1. 348 By writing, we may giue direction for our foraine Businesses, though we stay at home; and for our domestical, though we be abroad.

1721 J. Strype Eccl. Memorials II. ii. ii. 260 To have their foreign expences after the rate of 100l. a year.

c. Of a person or personal attribute: not belonging to one's family or inner circle. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [adjective] > not related

fremda1200

strange1338

remote1607

foreign1609

unrelated1657

1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles xv. 84 I loue the king your father..with more then forraine heart.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1623) iv. iii 87 They..powre our Treasures into forraigne laps.

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII ii. ii. 129 You enuide him; And fearing he would rise..Kept him a forraigne man still.

4. Provided by other people or things; coming from an external source. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [adjective] > coming or operating from outside or extraneous > from other persons or things

foreign?c1400

?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iii. pr. iii. l. 1936 Þan..haþe [emended in ed. to haþ] a man nede to seken hym foreyne helpe by whiche he may defende hys moneye.

c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 171 (MED) No foreyn cause myght arten ne constreyne..But lo þe forme of souereyn good in the.

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 16 The truthe is then set free from all douting, when not vpholden by forayne aides it self alone sufficeth to susteine it self.

1659 H. Hammond Paraphr. & Annot. Psalms Pref. sig. A3^v For this..we must appeal to forreign testimonies.

1712 R. Blackmore Creation i. 27 Machines..Move by a Foreign Impulse, not their own.

1834 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (1849) x. 81 If the system be not deranged by a foreign cause.

1978 Canad. Jrnl. Philos. 8 221 With the remaining examples of ‘foreign’ motivation on my list, I am unsure how to draw the necessary contrast.

5. Chiefly Medicine. Coming from outside or elsewhere; spec. introduced into an organism, tissue, etc., from outside; not naturally present in the body.Frequently in foreign body (see Compounds 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [adjective] > coming or operating from outside or extraneous

strangec1386

alienate1533

extern1533

unnative1568

extrinsical1578

implanted1595

adventitious1603

intervenient1605

acquired1609

extrinsic1613

foreign1621

extraneous1638

adnate1642

acquisititiousa1652

external1651

adventual1656

forinsecal1658

adventine1755

extranate1856

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > [adjective] > foreign body

strangec1386

foreign1621

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. ii. iii. 335 Yet there is much in choice of such a chamber or roome in opportune opening and shutting of windowes, excluding forrain aire & windes.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §334 When a Forraine Spirit, Stronger and more Eager than the Spirit of the Body, entreth the Body; As in the Stinging of Serpents.

1704 tr. P. Dubé Poor Man's Physician & Surgeon ii. ii. i. 368 Simple Wounds are such as don't contain any foreign Matter, or are not attended with any ill Symptoms.

1771 J. Priestley in Philos. Trans. 1770 (Royal Soc.) 60 204 Part of the electric matter natural to the body must be repelled, to make room for the foreign electricity.

1823 Jrnl. Foreign Med. Sci. & Lit. 3 534 Yet in the case of small-pox or cow-pox we do not ascribe the constitutional affections to the absorption of the patient's self-secreted matter, but to the action of the foreign virus.

1875 C. Lyell & L. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 12) I. ii. xv. 331 A hard chlorite rock equally foreign to the immediate neighbourhood.

1922 Jrnl. Immunol. 7 128 The similarity of symptoms of drug reactions with those of foreign proteins in specifically hypersensitive persons.

1975 Sci. Amer. July 25 It has been called plasmid engineering, because it utilizes plasmids to introduce the foreign genes.

2015 Cell Stress & Chaperones 20 757/1 A degree of immune tolerance is required to allow the fetus to develop within the uterus without being recognized as foreign and eliminated by maternal immunity.

6. Designating another railway company; belonging to another railway company. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1839 2nd Rep. Select Comm. Railways 224 in Parl. Papers (H. C. 517) X. 127 A railway company can and will undersell foreign competitors on its own line, as regards the provision of locomotive power.

1885 E. B. Ivatts Railway Managem. at Stations 547 To the employees of railway ‘A’ all other railways in respect to traffic are ‘foreign’.

1926 G. G. Huebner & E. R. Johnson Railroad Freight Service vii. 129 The prevailing rate of mileage paid by one railway to another for the use of foreign cars was three quarters of a cent per car per mile.

2013 D. Henshaw Great Railway Conspiracy iii. 65 These ‘foreign’ lines were perceived by regional managers as abstracting revenue from historic regional trunk routes.

II. Of or relating to countries other than one's own and related senses.The word foreign does not tend to be used of the countries of the United Kingdom in relation to each other. In addition, N.E.D. (1897) remarks: ‘The word is in British use not applied.., ordinarily, to (former) colonies chiefly inhabited by English-speaking people.’ (see e.g. quot. 1844 at sense A. 7a). Cf. note at foreigner n. 2a.

a. Designating a land or country other than one's own; not in one's own land or country; situated abroad or overseas; as in foreign country, foreign land, foreign nation, foreign parts, foreign port, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > foreign (of country or place) or situated abroad

althedyOE

strange1297

foreigna1393

outward1427

extern1543

abroad1559

external1587

stranger1593

tramontane1596

oversea1645

transmontane1727

trans-oceanic1827

overseas1892

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 973 He hield..governance of every yle Which was longende unto Cizile, Of hem that fro the lond forein Leie open to the wynd al plein.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 122 (MED) Men gon beȝonde þo iourneys toward ynde & to the foreyn yles.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xxix. 577 Kynge Alein of the forayn londes.

1523 Act 14 & 15 Henry VIII c. 1 §1 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 206 Preamble The said outwarde and forren regions.

1611 T. Heywood Golden Age i. sig. B3 Whil'st I in forreigne Kingdomes search my Fate.

1685 R. Morden Geogr. Rectified Ep. Ded. 1 Your..Affairs abroad have..given you a better knowledge and experience of Foreign Parts.

1700 J. Wallis in C. R. L. Fletcher Collectanea (1885) I. 313 In some forain universities.

?1789 E. Gibbon Let. 28 Mar. (1956) III. 144 The autumn was remarkably populous in such Englishmen as I am not ashamed to acknowledge in foreign countries.

1815 N. Amer. Rev. July 221 For many years England has suffered no manufacture of any foreign nation, except Russian ‘crash’, and a few other coarse articles, to enter its ports.

1844 Manch. Courier 8 June 3/6 The spiritual welfare of British subjects resident in the colonies and foreign countries.

1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 385 In some foreign clime which is..beyond our ken.

1951 N. Monsarrat Cruel Sea iii. viii. 240 The glamour of visiting a foreign port, still showed no signs of palling.

1973 J. Symons Plot against Roger Rider ii. 45 Are they going to be stranded in a foreign city?.. Reassured, the package tourists sink into their seats.

2017 @krista_tagaras 20 Feb. in twitter.com (accessed 19 July 2021) Just wanna be eating pineapple on a foreign beach with the love of my life.

b. Belonging to, characteristic of, or coming from another country; not from one's own country; as in foreign accent, foreign currency, foreign food, foreign government, foreign investor, foreign tourist, foreign worker, etc.See also foreign language n., Foreign Legion n.

ΘΚΠ

un-i-cundeeOE

althedisheOE

althedyOE

elelendisha1000

fremda1000

outlandishOE

strange1297

outenc1300

unkindc1300

outlandsc1330

foreign?1435

outland1488

peregrine1532

uncouth1533

forinsecal1539

exterior1540

extern1543

unnative1568

uplandish1586

external1587

tramontane1596

exotical1601

estranged1614

undenizened1635

extra-marine1639

outlanding1643

ultramarine1656

transmontane1727

forinsec service1728

foreigneering1806

trans-oceanic1827

vilayati1843

alienized1860

oversea1881

overwater1889

overseas1892

furrin1895

non-native1932

?1435 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 633 Alle fforeyn enmyes ffrom the Kyng to enchace.

1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin i. 11 To build his sewertie vppon forreine strength, seeing he had no confidence in his owne forces.

1655 H. Vaughan Silex Scintillans (ed. 2) ii. Pref. sig. A4^v Plentifully furnished with various Foraign vanities.

1677 T. Hobbes in tr. Homer Iliads (ed. 2) To Rdr. sig. A4 Forein words.

1713 W. Darrell Gentleman Instructed (ed. 5) iii. vi. 420 [A traveller]..learns the great Mystery of Foreign Governments.

1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. lix. 270 A foreign force..actually landed upon our coast.

1809 F. Plowden Hist. Ireland: Henry II to Union I. 120 Not a single writer..foreign or native, catholic or acatholic.

1875 H. James Roderick Hudson iv. 140 She spoke with a vague foreign accent.

1894 Social Economist Feb. 91 Foreign investors withdrew about $100,000,000 worth of capital previously invested in American securities.

1912 J. E. C. Flitch Mod. Dancing iv. 62 The dancing of the prime ballerine, almost all of whom were foreign, left little to be desired.

1977 Times 22 Aug. 13/2 Proponents of a tourist tax really mean for it to be imposed only on foreign tourists.

1995 Hispanic Mar. 55/2 Hardworking U.S. workers, some of whose livelihood is threatened if they happen to look or sound foreign.

2008 E. B. Maranan in E. B. Maranan & L. S. Maranan-Goldstein Taste of Home p. xi/1 I kept hankering for Filipino dishes—when not relishing the taste of foreign food.

c. Designating a (species of) plant or animal that is not native to the area in which it occurs. Cf. alien adj. 1b(b).

ΚΠ

1826 W. Darlington Florula Cestrica 101 This foreign tree [sc. Morus alba] occurs about some old settlements, where it was formerly introduced, with a view to raise Silk-worms.

1871 Jrnl. Bot., Brit. & Foreign 9 213 Few people are aware of the difficulty of naturalizing plants: I suspect that nature has more to do with the distribution of foreign species than human agency.

1908 Naturalist Jan. 32 A collection of foreign insects found in Warrington, and twelve cases of types of British beetles, by Mr. G. A. Dunlop.

1992 World (BBC) Apr. 84/1 Watch out for foreign plants...They'll wriggle their root system into your soil, oust the more delicate locals out and before you know it they've taken.

2005 A. Burdick Out of Eden (2006) v. 67 All told, counting the nine hundred nonnative plants now growing in Hawaii, the foreign species approach in number the indigenous ones.

8. Carried on or taking place abroad; into or with other countries; as in foreign commerce, foreign holiday, foreign trade, foreign voyage, foreign war, etc.See also foreign exchange n., foreign mission n., foreign service n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

foreign1548

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxvij When foren warre and outward battailes, were brought to an ende.

1576 A. Fleming tr. Isocrates in Panoplie Epist. 176 To take on mee a forreigne voyage.

1632 R. Sanderson 12 Serm. 475 A forraigne Invasion abroad.

1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler i. 32 A man whose forraign imployments in the service of this Nation, and [etc.] .

1719 W. Wood Surv. Trade (ed. 2) 7 A great Part of our Trade depends upon our Foreign Commerce.

1840 H. Malcom Trav. 34/1 The foreign trade is extinct.

1900 Internat. Monthly 2 607 The safest policy..was to steer as clear as possible from foreign conflicts and foreign alliances.

1930 Week-end Rev. 7 June 467 Ireland this year! For a ‘different’ holiday, with all the charms of foreign travel and none of the disadvantages.

2005 R. Bean Harvest 89 I like me foreign holidays, I like me new cars.

a. Dealing with matters concerning other countries, as in foreign affairs, foreign correspondent, foreign minister, foreign news, foreign policy, etc.See also Foreign Office n., foreign secretary n. at Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

foreign1611

1611 T. Coryate Crudities Ep. Ded. sig. a8 The Obseruations of my trauels;..I hope..will be very delectable to euery Reader that loueth to heare of forraine affaires.

1655 E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 241 Other furraine newes I heare not.

1781 J. O. Justamond tr. B.-F.-J. Mouffle d'Angerville Private Life Lewis XV IV. 235 Two months after this the Duke d'Aiguillon was declared Minister of foreign affairs.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xviii. 300 The foreign policy of England.

1870 Nation (N.Y.) 27 Jan. 54/2 There is..a column of telegrams from Europe in every issue of the daily papers, which editors are accustomed to refer to as furnishing the latest ‘foreign intelligence’.

1877 Harper's Mag. Dec. 53/2 Foreign correspondence in the hands of a foreign editor.

1951 N.Y. Times 2 Oct. 9/2 The Dutch Foreign Ministry announced today that Queen Juliana's husband, Prince Bernhard, would pay an unofficial visit to the United States.

1959 C. Ogburn Marauders (1960) ii. 47 A reporter and a writer on the foreign desk of The Chicago Daily News.

1967 P. M. Hubbard Custom of Country (1969) iv. 51 There was some sports news, a city page of surprising sophistication and a sprinkling of..foreign news.

1971 Guardian 22 July 11/8 Foreign correspondents during the previous days used, perforce, comments from the angry hippies.

2010 Jewish Chron. 9 Oct. 1/1 A special meeting of Arab League foreign ministers to discuss the situation.

b. Designating a bill of exchange drawn or payable in another country, as in foreign bill.

ΚΠ

1615 Officers Fees for Englishmen (single sheet) Forreigne bills.

1694 London Gaz. No. 3008/4 Foreign Bills of Exchange will be Discounted after the Rate of Four and half per Cent. per Annum.

1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. xxx. 467 These bills [of exchange] are either foreign, or inland foreign, when drawn by a merchant residing abroad upon his correspondent in England or vice versa.

1868 E. Seyd Bullion 89 The foregoing Foreign Bills of Class 2 are called drawn Bills, being usually negotiated from the Drawer direct to a London Foreign Banker.

1928 Jrnl. Compar. Legislation & Internat. Law 10 244 Protest is a general measure in France. It is required both for non-acceptance and non-payment, for inland and foreign bills.

1997 R. Cranston Princ. Banking Law iv. xiv. 415 Trade bills, because they will generally be ‘foreign bills’ within the terms of the Act, must also be protested.

c. Designating a type of thin paper used for letters sent abroad, as in foreign letter paper, foreign notepaper. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > paper for correspondence > types of

mourning paper1635

bank paper1696

bank post1801

foreign1825

Bath-post1837

bill-head1845

mourning notepaper1846

vellum post1847

bond papera1877

correspondence card1892

notehead1892

airmail paper1933

letterhead1939

notelet1955

bluey1989

1825 B. Disraeli Let. 22 Nov. (1982) I. 52 As I am writing foreign letters I have scribbled by mistake on foreign letter paper.

1892 E. Reeves Homeward Bound 113 No contribution to exceed six pages of foreign note paper.

1898 Daily News 10 Nov. 6/4 It is not the ordinary foreign paper, nor the ‘onion peel’—so called from its transparency.

1973 A. Scholefield Hammer of God 48 Foreign notepaper and envelopes and crested notepaper.

†III. Occurring outside and related senses.

10. Made in open court, public. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > openness or unconcealedness > [adjective]

openlyeOE

underna900

openeOE

utterly12..

unhida1300

perta1325

apert1330

nakeda1382

public1394

patenta1398

foreign?c1400

overtc1400

unrecovered1433

publicalc1450

open-visageda1513

bare1526

uncloaked1539

subject1556

uncovered1577

unmasked1590

facely1593

undisguised1598

female1602

unveiled1606

unshrouded1610

barefaceda1616

disclouded1615

unhiddena1616

broad-faced1643

with full miena1657

undissembled1671

frank1752

bald-faced1761

unconfidential1772

ostensible1782

unglossed1802

undisguising1813

unvisored1827

unconcealed1839

disprivacied1848

disguiseless1850

bald1854

unobscured1879

visible1885

open door1898

above ground1976

?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iii. pr. iii. l. 1932 Fro whennes comen ellys alle þise foreine compleintes [L. forenses querimoniae].

11. Of darkness: on the outside, external. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) i. met. ii. l. 101 Myntynge to gone in to foreyne derknesses [L. externas tenebras].

c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Testament (Harl. 2255) in J. O. Halliwell Select. Minor Poems (1840) 234 This is the name that chaceth away the clips Of foreyn dirkenesse.

B. n.²

a. A person who is not a citizen or freeman of a town; a person who does not belong to a particular guild; a person from another parish, town, or district. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider

fremdc950

guestc950

althedyOE

allophyleOE

uncoutha1250

strangea1325

alienc1384

barbarc1384

barbarync1384

strangerc1385

barbaric1388

foreigna1399

outland?a1400

farandman14..

out-comelingc1400

foreigner1422

alienar1473

alienate1497

estrangec1503

new face?a1513

barbarianc1550

fremman1568

frenne1579

estranger1586

inmatea1600

outlier1606

outcomer1607

externc1610

exoteric1697

outner1721

outsider1800

unco1800

inconnu1807

outrigger1850

offcome1859

ringer1896

offcomer1898

shenzi1910

out-grouper1938

outworlder1948

a1399 in W. G. Benham Oath Bk. Colchester (1907) 11 (MED) Ȝyf a foreyn come with sweche certeyne vitaylles, he schal havyn a mesure of the toun to metyn by.

?a1500 Chalmerlan Ayr in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. App. iv. 330/2 All þe burges of þe burgh, alswel forreyns [L. forinseci] as deynseens.

?1529 R. Hyrde tr. J. L. Vives Instr. Christen Woman ii. i. sig. U For cytizens fauoure more one an other, than they do foreyns.

1530 Ordin. in S. Young Ann. Barber-surgeons London (1890) 581 Ye shall not admytt eny fforen to be of this misterie.

1948 S. L. Thrupp Merchant Class Medieval London i. 50 Between 1377 and 1501 there was no added pressure to make foreigns take up the citizenship.

1999 H. Swanson Medieval Brit. Towns ii. 28 What was not acceptable was to use local knowledge to the disadvantage of fellow burgesses and to the advantage of foreigns.

b. A person from another country; a foreigner.Now often used with dismissive connotations.Perhaps re-formed from the adjective in the 20th cent.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider > from another country

outlandishOE

WelshmanlOE

outlandish manc1300

foreign?a1400

strangerc1460

foreigner1483

outborna1557

tramontane1593

transmarine1596

outlander1598

outlandisher1599

exotic1651

Outalian1668

furriner1849

Dutchman1857

Uitlander1892

Johnny Foreigner1899

non-patrial1971

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 7861 Þe tounes, þe countes, þe foreyns alle aboute to þe kyng felle on knes.

1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 995 (MED) I am but a foreyn in this cuntre.

a1613 E. Brerewood Enq. Langs. & Relig. (1614) iii. 16 Ambassages..or whatsoeuer other businesse of the Prouincials, or forraines.

1934 J. V. Harrison Jrnl. 14 Dec. in My Great, Wide, Beautiful World (1939) 295 After it started they called for the foreigns and I got a cabin on the best side uper deck.

2014 D. Tyte Half Plus Seven ix. 68 It was the kind of place social climbers moved to be away from the foreigns and the traffic and the late night noise and the drugs.

2015 Africa News (Nexis) 21 Apr. But what about those who persecute and mistreat foreigns on their farms, in their hotels, or in mines and homes across the country?

a. Something produced in, or originating from, another country; (in early use) esp. a foreign vessel.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessels from specific country or region > [noun] > foreign

foreign1509

foreign flag1796

foreigner1823

1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. ccviii Of these fals forayns renneth so great a bonde Vnto our shyppis that [etc.].

1643 Declar. Commons conc. Rebellion in Ireland 50 They took yesterday a Forrain laden with deales.

1873 Farmer's Mag. Mar. 246/1 This happened last year during a dead calm in our home wools. Foreigns were in request at advancing rates.

1936 Oshkosh (Wisconsin) Northwestern 1 Nov. 14/1 His stamp collection includes 3,000 foreigns, 250 Americans, 200 precancellations.., and 75 first-day covers.

1996 N. Pasquariello Sounds of Movies xiii. 189 Rerecording mixers..found themselves in the unusual position of creating a foreign in French for domestic release.

b. U.S. slang. A luxury car produced by a non-American company.Originally popularized by hip-hop and rap lyrics.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor car > [noun] > specific model

Olds1907

Model T1909

Ford1914

Rolls1915

Merc1930

T-model1932

beetle1958

T-bird1958

VW1958

Mini1959

Moke1959

deux-chevaux1962

Mini-Moke1962

Liftback1973

Beemer1978

Roller1979

foreign2010

2010 J. Lynch in M. Hess Hip Hop in Amer. xvii. 445 Those who can afford to buy foreign cars, known simply as foreigns, typically just put on rims and have classy, clean paint jobs.

2012 ‘Chief Keef’ Diamonds (transcribed from song, feat. ‘French Montana’) in Finally Rich I'm riding in them foreigns.

2014 ‘Plies’ U mean 2 tell Me (transcribed from song, feat. ‘Young Scooter’) in Da Last Real Nigga Left You say you ride Raris, but never drove a foreign.

2020 @RemyBoy_Donald 23 Mar. in twitter.com (accessed 14 Aug. 2021) Moms ain't put my foreign in the garage and it got snowed on.

a. That part of a town or parish which lies outside the bounds of the borough proper. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town or city > part of town or city > [noun] > other areas

friars1479

foreign1514

acropolis1570

sestiere1599

shopping district1837

downstreet1865

Latin Quarter1869

midtown1882

club-land1885

flat-land1889

brick area1895

turf1953

grey area1959

office park1963

bed-sitter-land1968

edge city1968

1514 Proclam. Henry VIII against Liveries & Retainers (single sheet) And that no parsone shalbe lodged nor harbergyd in y^e Subbardes nor in the foreyn of any suche.

1650 M. Hill True & Impartiall Acct. Plunderings Hereford 6 Taken and plundered from the Brough and Forren of Rose.

1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. viii. 314 All the Villages and Hamlets belonging thereunto [sc. Walsall]..which they call the forraigne.

1782 T. R. Nash Coll. Hist. Worcestershire II. 39 The inhabitants of the foreign of Kidderminster, so called to distinguish them from the inhabitants of the borough.

1835 H. A. Merewether & A. J. Stephens Hist. Boroughs & Munic. Corporations United Kingdom I. 491 The bailiffs are every week..to make inquiry of all persons who died in the suburbs or foreigns.

1856 E. L. Glew Hist. Walsall 3 The parish is in two townships, called the Borough and Foreign.

1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. at Foreigner At Rye..that part of the parish which lies out of the boundary of the corporation, is called the Foreign of Rye.

1997 J. G. Hillaby Ledbury (ed. 2) xi. 91 They both lived in the Southend until 1665 when Hooper took up residence in the foreign.

†b. In plural. The outer court of a monastery; the land immediately outside the precincts of a monastery. Obsolete (in later use only in place names).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > monastic property (general) > monastery or convent > parts of monastery > [noun] > outer court

foreigns1668

1668 J. Wilkes in R. Willis Archit. Hist. Monastery Christ Church Canterbury (1869) 152 Y^e forrins.

1799 E. Hasted Hist. Kent IV. 575 The space of ground without or foreign to it [sc. the jurisdiction of the church] called the Foreigns, now vulgarly the Follings.

1863 Papers Read Royal Instit. Brit. Architects 70 The Brew-house, the Bake-house,..[etc.], all situated in or adjoining the Foreigns, the garden before his hall door and the wine-cellars.

4. A foreign country; overseas. Frequently in in foreign, from foreign. Now chiefly Caribbean, South Asian, and West African.In ah foreign in quot. 1992 with a prep.¹

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adverb] > in or to foreign land(s)

beyond the seasc900

without1297

o brodea1400

on brodea1400

abroada1450

overseas1583

oversea1616

in foreigna1640

foreign1813

over sea1845

exterritorially1853

out foreign1895

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [noun] > foreign land > foreign parts

foreigna1640

overseas1793

abroad1866

a1640 J. Fletcher et al. Queene of Corinth iii. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Bbbbbb2/1 One that hath, As people say, in forraigne pleasur'd him.

1859 Caledonian Mercury 12 Sept. The arrivals at this port during the last week amounted to 51, 28 being from foreign and 23 coastwise.

1907 A. Quiller-Couch Major Vigoureux ix. 90 I was thinking that—she being from foreign and the Islands the first place she've touched at—I might pick up a bravish order in the way of fresh milk and eggs.

1986 O. Senior Summer Lightning & Other Stories 21 ‘What? Yu plan to go to foreign?’ ‘What else? Dont I have mother, dont I have father in foreign?’

1992 V. Headley Yardie (1993) 108 Once you reach ah foreign, you can never tell how long before you come pack.

2003 K. Daswani For Matrimonial Purposes (U.K. ed.) 200 Simi is Vikram's aunt, his maasi. He must have come from foreign for the wedding.

2010 K. Miller Last Warner Woman ii. 144 Sharon never did reach foreign.

5. colloquial. Military service undertaken in a foreign country; = foreign service n. 2. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1955 G. Freeman Liberty Man i. iii. 49 ‘On leave, Jack?’ ‘Yeah... Just back from foreign.’

1962 Times 13 Feb. 12/6 I had tried to explain I'd just arrived from ‘foreign’.

6. A foreign language.Often used humorously or with dismissive connotations.

ΚΠ

1971 P. O'Donnell Impossible Virgin v. 103 He was a foreigner, and he babbled in foreign.

2001 C. Glazebrook Madolescents 95 I check out the menu but it's all in foreign. They're no chips, no burgers, nothing decent at all. Call this a restaurant? ‘Try a korma,’ he says.

2005 S. Brett in A. Perry Thou shalt not Kill 10 ‘Cherchez la femme,’ said the Inspector... ‘I'm sorry. I don't speak foreign.’

C. adv.

1. Nautical and regional. Abroad, overseas; for foreign parts. Also: to another part of the country. Frequently in to go foreign, to sail foreign.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adverb] > in or to foreign land(s)

beyond the seasc900

without1297

o brodea1400

on brodea1400

abroada1450

overseas1583

oversea1616

in foreigna1640

foreign1813

over sea1845

exterritorially1853

out foreign1895

1813 Hampshire Chron. 15 Mar. The latter ship is ordered to fit foreign.

1840 F. Marryat Poor Jack xiii. 89 In consequence of our being about to sail foreign.

1888 S. Baring-Gould Richard Cable II. xxxviii. 253 Her mother had chosen to desert the house of her childhood and ‘go foreign’; and Mrs. Cable was foreign born and bred; she did not even speak like a Cornish woman.

1896 ‘G. Setoun’ Robert Urquhart (U.S. ed.) xxiii. 242 His regiment's ordered foreign soon—India or Africa, I forget.

1938 Yachting Monthly Mar. 452/2 A tabloid cruiser that goes foreign ought to be registered.

1986 T. Murphy Bailegangaire ii, in Plays: 2 (1993) 164 Her soft Willie was her pet went foreign after the others.

2012 SNL Daily Coal Rep. (Nexis) 3 Sept. The vessel was allowed to discharge her cargo and sail foreign.

2019 B. Evaristo Girl Woman Other (2020) iii. 268 We was just two people who went foreign.

2. regional (now chiefly Irish English). out foreign: abroad, overseas.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adverb] > in or to foreign land(s)

beyond the seasc900

without1297

o brodea1400

on brodea1400

abroada1450

overseas1583

oversea1616

in foreigna1640

foreign1813

over sea1845

exterritorially1853

out foreign1895

1895 M. Downe Essex Ballads 27 He bin out forrin nigh on twenty year.

1913 Pall Mall Mag. Sept. 313 At last he sold his farm and went out foreign.

1951 Irish Writing Mar. 62 The eldest son..was awful..and the other was gone out foreign.

2002 J. McGahern That they may face Rising Sun (2003) 145 They'd want to go out foreign. To Italy or somewhere.

2012 D. Ryan Spinning Heart (2013) 121 He'll never know how close he came to being shipped back out foreign.

Compounds

C1.

a. Modifying past participles with the sense ‘in or by a foreign country; by a foreign company or foreign interests’, as in foreign-based, foreign-born, foreign-built, foreign-controlled, foreign-grown, foreign-made, foreign-owned, foreign-trained, foreign-wrought, etc.

ΚΠ

1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xxx Lawes..againste..foren wrought wares.

1678 A. Marvell Acct. Growth Popery (new ed.) 64 The Agatha, Foreign built, 250 Tuns.

1794 W. Godwin Caleb Williams I. iii. 48 Such a ridiculous piece of goods as this outlandish, foreign-made Englishman.

1856 J. P. Hambleton H. A. Wise 57 Both the Alien and Sedition laws were intended for the oppression of foreign born citizens.

1878 A. L. Perry Elements Polit. Econ. (new ed.) 556 American-built but foreign-owned ships.

1898 Westm. Gaz. 16 June 1/3 A foreign-controlled department of public works.

1898 Daily News 5 Nov. 6/3 The commander of the foreign drilled troops.

1905 Daily Chron. 22 Nov. 6/3 Our corn is part home-grown and part foreign-grown.

1940 J. H. Jagger Eng. in Future 124 Native-born with one parent foreign-born.

1995 Financial Post (Canada) 30 Sept. 36/3 The heat is on foreign-based corporations in the U.S. to show that business conducted with the parent company is done at fair market value.

2000 M. Ondaatje Anil's Ghost 25 She was sure that this choice of subject was intentional—to level the playing field between the foreign-trained and the locally trained.

2005 Pilot Oct. 36/3 Foreign-registered aircraft cannot be used for commercial purposes in the UK.

b. Forming adjectives with the sense ‘that has or is from a foreign ——’, by combining with a noun + -ed, as in foreign-flagged, foreign-flavoured, foreign-foliaged, foreign-nationed, etc.

ΚΠ

1599 R. Linche Fountaine Anc. Fiction sig. H^v The vncertaine steps of forren-nationed pilgrimes.

1642 R. Gardiner Serm. appointed for St. Pauls Crosse 25 False-hearted, forraine-hearted Papists I meane, who have a tongue for the King, and a heart for his enemies.

1881 S. M. Hageman Once xviii. 164 Watching..at all the wharves from which foreign-flagged ships go out.

1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer II. vii. 87 The vast foreign-foliaged, primeval forests.

2000 D. Adebayo My Once upon Time (2001) iii. 58 A foreign-flavoured name, as was the fashion.

2010 Jewish Chron. 8 Oct. 22/1 Scenes of Caesar's foreign-tongued nonsense patter are now among the most popular videos on YouTube.

c. With present participles, forming adjectives in which foreign expresses the complement of the underlying verb, as in foreign-looking, foreign-sounding, etc.

ΚΠ

1786 tr. J. R. Forster Hist. Voy. & Discov. North ii. 249 Constantine..cites some foreign sounding words [Ger. einige fremdlautende Worte].

1830 M. R. Mitford Our Village (1863) IV. 213 A dark, sallow, foreign-looking personage.

1904 Canad. Grocer 19 Feb. 12/1 When we had a foreign tasting fritter I supposed it to be some Chinese bean paste, or perhaps a fried oyster.

1921 B. Ruck Arrant Rover (U.S. ed.) x. 151 Something swathed and wound about in rolls of foreign-smelling muslin.

1989 P. Farmer Thicker than Water (1991) xi. 151 I'd wondered how anyone so weird and dark and foreign-looking could be my cousin in the first place.

2020 Globe & Mail (Canada) (Nexis) 22 Aug. (Ontario ed.) p7 He suffered..at the hands of Canadian schoolchildren who made fun of his foreign-sounding name.

C2.

foreign agent n. a person who represents or acts on behalf of one country while located in another; (in later use spec.) a person who works secretly to obtain information for a foreign government; a spy.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > one who acts for another

procuratorc1300

proctor1301

attorney1347

provisora1393

assignee1419

procuracya1425

solicitorc1425

factor1445

soliciter1464

doer1465

umbothman1482

agent1523

assign1526

procurera1533

practitioner1560

proxy1585

pragmatic1593

procureur1604

pragmatitioner1607

foreign agent1646

institor1657

agent general1659

proxy-man1696

interestera1701

maat1824

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > [noun] > a secret observer, spy > secret agent

intelligencer1540

intelligentiary1577

under-puller1682

agent1804

foreign agent1822

operative1901

spook1942

under-cover1962

Abwehr agent1990

1646 Answer of Commons to Scots Commissioners Papers (House of Commons) 4 Dec. 25 Since our Covenant and Treaty we have not received any Dignities or Offices from the King, nor suffered any Forraign Agents to interpose in this Cause.

1735 Detection of Falshood, Abuse & Misrepresentations 60 [He]..devoted his whole Conversation to slander that Government which he professes to serve, and made himself the Ear-wig of every Foreign Agent, to insinuate Lyes, and propagate Scandal in all the Courts of Europe.

1822 St. James's Chron. 3–5 Jan. The intrigues of foreign agents against liberty and the throne.

1939 Life 7 Aug. 13/2 Espionage investigations have now taken precedence... More than 10,000 foreign agents, according to Bureau estimates, are now operating in the U.S.

2003 Time 3 Feb. 26/1 The yearlong course..to learn such skills of the trade as infiltrating hostile countries, communicating in codes..and recruiting foreign agents.

foreign aid n. help given to a country by another country; esp. economic assistance given to a poor or underdeveloped country by another country, or supplies of food and medicine given by one country to another to alleviate the effects of a natural disaster, war, etc.Usage of the term increased significantly from the mid-1940s onwards.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > types of help > [noun] > aid in want, pain, sickness, etc. > material aid > given by one country to another

development aid1939

aid1940

foreign aid1946

1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. Pref. sig. †.v^v So muche encouraged by hope of forein ayde, at their owne doores.

1773 J. Home Alonzo iii. 47 Spain never would have sought for foreign aid To quell her foes.

1946 Somerset (Pa.) Daily Amer. 8 Feb. 6/2 For the long pull, the best foreign aid is prosperous trade.

1958 Spectator 17 Jan. 65/3 Congress would like to buy missiles with foreign-aid money.

2015 Daily Mail (Nexis) 20 Mar. The Government has committed itself to spending at least 0.7 per cent of GDP..on foreign aid.

foreign apposer n. now historical an officer of the Exchequer responsible for examining the sheriffs' accounts.The office was abolished in 1833.

ΚΠ

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Gg2/2 Forein Apposer (forinsecarum oppositor) is an officer in the exchequer, to whom all shyreeues and baylifes doe repaire.

a1726 G. Gilbert Hist. View Court of Exchequer (1738) v. 108 A new Officer, before whom the Sheriff was to account on his Process, who is called the Foreign Apposer.

1811 in 2nd Rep. Rec. Irel. 141 A Transcript of the Process..lodged with the Transcriptor and Foreign Apposer, previously to passing his Accounts for the year of his Sheriffalty.

2016 S. Gunn Henry VII's New Men & Making Tudor Eng. v. 84 At his funeral, he was mourned by the second baron, William Wotton, the foreign apposer, Thomas Pymme, [etc.].

foreign attachment n. Law a judicial process by which the property (but not the real estate) of a debtor may be attached or legally seized while in the possession of a third person or trustee, for the benefit of the creditor; = trustee process n. at trustee n. Compounds.

ΚΠ

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Gg2/2 Forein attachement (attachiamentum forinsecum) is an attachement of foriners goods..for the satisfaction of some citizen, to whome the said foriner oweth money.

1685 J. Keble Rep. King's Bench 2 132 The Defendant pleads a forein attachment in London of 50 li.

1800 C. Durnford & E. H. East Rep. Cases King's Bench VIII. 417 A foreign attachment in the Mayor's court at the suit of the plaintiff.

2009 Virginia Law Rev. 95 1236 Many states..were well known to permit foreign attachments or other practices that conferred jurisdiction on state courts without actual notice or personal service to the defendant.

foreign body n. Medicine an object or substance that has entered the body from outside.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > [noun] > foreign body or artefact

foreign body1672

artefact1872

1672 R. Wiseman Treat. Wounds ii. ii. 6 The Part is at first dressing, with what diligence you can, to be cleared of all such Forraign Bodies, as have made violent Intrusion into it.

1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 123 I discovered, by the probe, this foreign body.

1898 Daily News 30 Nov. 8/1 The presence of the ‘foreign body’—a disguising euphemism for half an ounce..of lead entering a man at great velocity.

1964 S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 14) xxvi. 375 Foreign bodies,..particles of coal dust, emery, steel, etc.—may pitch upon the conjunctiva or..cornea.

2001 N. Jones Rough Guide Trav. Health ii. 211 Grazes on the eye, or corneal abrasions, and foreign bodies embedded in the eye (eg dust, wood or metal splinters) cause the symptoms of conjunctivitis.

foreign devil n. derogatory (in China) a foreigner, esp. a European person; also in extended use in non-Chinese contexts. [Originally after Chinese fānguǐ ( < fān (derogatory) foreign + guǐ demon, devil); in later use probably also after yángguǐzi, now more common and used more specifically to denote Europeans ( < yáng ocean, foreign country + guǐzi term of abuse for foreigners, suffixed form of guǐ).]

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > the Chinese > [noun] > foreign > esp. European

foreign devil1804

1804 J. Barrow Trav. China x. 591 The peasantry ran out of their houses..and bawled after us Queitze-fan-quei, which, in their language, are opprobrious and contemptuous expressions, signifying foreign devils, imps.

1835 Liverpool Mercury 6 Feb. 48/3 The Governor, indeed, threatens to put a stop to the trade of the ‘barbarians’, or ‘foreign devils’, such being the polite phraseology of the Celestials.

1937 E. Snow Red Star over China i. iv. 43 It was the perfect setting for the blotting-out of a too inquisitive foreign devil.

1965 P. Ordway Night of Reckoning (1967) ii. 39 Most of us foreign devils [in Spain] found seasonal rentals a very necessary source of additional income.

2000 T. Clancy Bear & Dragon iv. 69 He was immediately spotted as a qwai—a foreign devil—even before people saw his face.

foreign direct investment n. Finance investment by a company in a country other than that in which the company is based; an instance of this; (also) the total amount of investment in any one country by companies from abroad; abbreviated FDI; cf. foreign portfolio investment n., inward investment n.

ΚΠ

1929 Internat. Financial Position of U.S. (U.S. National Industr. Conf. Board) iv. 71 American direct investments in 1920 and 1921 were to some extent a manifestation of the same speculative state of mind... Before 1914, foreign direct investments in American properties were very large, but they were largely diminished during the war period.

1931 Economist 12 Dec. 1130/1 One of the major causes of Germany's present distresses is the wiping out of the savings of her middle classes, which rendered it necessary for her industry to be financed from abroad, either indirectly through her banks or by direct foreign investment in German business.

1941 L. Rasminksy in J. F. Parkinson Canad. War Econ. 91 The value of foreign direct investment in Canada, being defined as investment effective control of which is exercised in one external country.

2002 Wall St. Jrnl. 14 Oct. r4/3 The result is that renewed interest in Russia has yet to translate into big inflows of foreign direct investment.

foreign fighter n. a person who goes to fight a war in a foreign country, esp. one who joins a group of fighters with whom he or she shares a political or religious ideology.

ΚΠ

1856 G. M. Dallas Let. 25 July in Series Lett. from London (1869) 68 Droves of foreign fighters are rushing to Nicaragua; belligerents throng to hiss and shout at every public gathering.

1938 Scotsman 29 June 11 Withdrawal of foreign fighters in Spain.... Britain, France, Germany, and Italy will share the main cost of the scheme for removing foreign combatants from Spain.

2020 Toronto Star (Nexis) 26 Dec. a1 [He] has conducted numerous interviews with current and former foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq as part of his academic research.

foreign film n. a film produced in a foreign country, now esp. one that requires the addition of subtitles or dubbing; a foreign-language film (also used as a modifier).In early use not a fixed collocation.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > a film > type of film > [noun] > other types

romantic comedy1748

epic1785

pre-release1871

foreign film1899

frivol1903

dramedy1905

film loop1906

first run1910

detective film1911

colour film1912

news film1912

topical1912

cinemicrograph1913

scenic1913

sport1913

newsreel1914

serial1914

sex comedy1915

war picture1915

telefilm1919

comic1920

true crime1923

art house1925

quickie1926

turkey1927

two-reeler1928

smellie1929

disaster film1930

musical1930

feelie1931

sticky1934

action comedy1936

quota quickie1936

re-release1936

screwball comedy1937

telemovie1937

pickup1939

video film1939

actioner1940

space opera1941

telepic1944

biopic1947

kinescope1949

TV movie1949

pièce noire1951

pièce rose1951

deepie1953

misterioso1953

film noir1956

policier1956

psychodrama1956

free film1958

prequel1958

co-production1959

glossy1960

sexploiter1960

sci-fier1961

tie-in1962

chanchada1963

romcom1963

wuxia1963

chick flick1964

showreel1964

mockumentary1965

sword-and-sandal1965

schlockbuster1966

mondo1967

peplum1968

thriller1968

whydunit1968

schlocker1969

buddy-buddy movie1972

buddy-buddy film1974

buddy film1974

science-fictioner1974

screwball1974

buddy movie1975

slasher movie1975

swashbuckler1975

filmi1976

triptych1976

autobiopic1977

Britcom1977

kidflick1977

noir1977

bodice-ripper1979

chopsocky1981

date movie1983

kaiju eiga1984

screener1986

neo-noir1987

indie1990

bromance2001

hack-and-slash2002

mumblecore2005

dark fantasy2007

hack-and-slay2007

gorefest2012

kidult-

1899 Eden Musée Monthly Catal. Sept. 36 (advt.) The very highest perfection in animated pictures is demonstrated... All the latest Edison and Foreign Films, including the Spanish-American War Films, the Oberammergau Passion Play Films,..Etc.

1905 Daily Californian (Bakersfield) 26 Apr. 8/5 The ‘Rise and Fall of Napoleon’, the most expensive foreign film ever put out, will be on tonight.

1980 N. Y. Times (Nexis) 1 June xi. 8 We plan art shows, musical events, the ballet, lectures, school productions and foreign-film festivals.

2012 J. Erdal Missing Shade of Blue xxii. 124 Every two weeks or so I would visit my local arts theatre, which specialised in showing foreign films as well as cult movies, ancient classics and experimental cinema.

foreign-going adj. (of a ship) having a foreign country as its destination.

ΚΠ

1836 Preston Chron. & Lancs. Advertiser 16 Apr. With regard to foreign-going packet ships—most persons going abroad would prefer going by the great commercial metropolis of Liverpool.

1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. iii. v. 658 Masters and mates of foreign-going vessels.

2021 Nigerian Tribune (Nexis) 21 Jan. He..took command of foreign-going ships in Singapore.

foreign national n. a person who is not a naturalized citizen of the country where he or she is living; = alien n. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > type of inhabitant generally > [noun] > non-native inhabitant > excluded from citizenship or privileges

alien1549

foreign national1845

1845 C. White Three Years in Constantinople I. v. 134 They issued permanent berats or protections to natives, whereby the latter were placed upon the same footing as foreign nationals.

1921 Ninth Ann. Rep. Secretary of Labor (U.S. Dept. Labor) 209 The wife of a foreign national shall not be naturalized unless her husband is naturalized at the same time.

2004 Independent 22 June i. 8/2 Many migrants disappeared on arrival to Britain and he could not ‘guesstimate’ the true number of foreign nationals in the UK.

foreign portfolio investment n. Finance portfolio investment in overseas companies, without taking a controlling interest (abbreviated FPI); cf. foreign direct investment n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > [noun] > specific operations or arrangements > share-buying activities

subscribing1762

flyer1846

bearing1849

stagging1851

take-up1865

bear covering1881

straddle1883

portfolio investment1929

short covering1930

support buying1932

foreign portfolio investment1951

corporate raiding1957

leveraged1957

tender offer1964

buy-in1968

management buyout1977

bought deal1981

greenmail1983

MBO1986

bimbo1991

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > investment > other types of investing or investment

perpetual1833

fundholding1835

capital investment1842

floating1888

flotation1889

carried interest1908

ethical investment1915

National Savings1919

locking up1924

ploughing-back1924

foreign portfolio investment1951

inward investment1962

round-tripping1973

short-termism1986

1951 Far Eastern Surv. 20 85/1 Consider, for example, the case of foreign portfolio investment.

2003 Business Day (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 11 Feb. 8 There is a notion that foreign portfolio investment—in equities, bonds and money market instruments—is bad as it is volatile, but foreign direct investment (defined rather artificially as a share of 10% or more) is good.

foreign secretary n. a government minister in charge of foreign affairs; spec. (in the United Kingdom, often with capital initials) the government minister who heads the Foreign Office (Foreign Office n. 2).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > government minister > [noun] > minister in British government > of specific department

Chancellor of the Exchequerc1330

Lords (Commissioners) of the Treasury1642

foreign secretary1734

Home Secretary1784

war-minister1790

oil minister1960

1734 London Evening-post 5–8 Jan. On Sunday Night last an Account arriv'd here, that the Foreign Secretary, who lately withdrew himself from this Kingdom, had been seiz'd at Rotterdam.

1837 S. Smith Wks. (1859) II. 280/2 If the Foreign Secretary were to retire, we should no longer be nibbling ourselves into disgrace on the coast of Spain.

1918 E. J. Dillon Eclipse of Russia xiv. 253 Lamsdorff was an admirable Foreign Secretary,..into whose ears all the momentous State secrets passed.

2019 Independent (Nexis) 6 July 6 Traditionally, the prime minister has overall control over the intelligence services but the foreign secretary oversees MI6 and GCHQ on a day-to-day basis.

foreign taker n. now historical an officer of the City of London appointed to supervise certain street markets and attend to their clearing up.The name of the office arose from the fact that the foreign taker's duties could include seizing the goods of foreigners, i.e. those who were not citizens of the city (see foreigner n. 1). The office was abolished in 1744.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > other municipal officials > [noun] > municipal officials with specific duties > in London

common hunt1535

foreign taker1618

street man1668

yeoman of the channel1708

1618 A. Munday Stow's Suruay of London (new ed.) 961 The Forraigne-Taker, to waite likewise on generall dayes.

1672 Act for Settlement & Well Ordering Several Publick Markets (Court of Common Council, City of London) 4 That the several Officers aforementioned, shall from henceforth be wholly discharged from the Charge of Cleansing and Carrying away the Soil of the said Markets, [etc.]..; and Richard Robinson the present Foreign-taker, and Yeoman of Newgate-market, [shall receive] the sum of three pounds every week, during the term of his natural Life.

1708 E. Hatton New View London I. Introd. p. xxxiv/2 There are also [in the Lord Mayor's household]..2 Yeomen of the Chamber... 1 Foreign Taker.

1718 tr. E. Lutwyche Rep. Resol. Court 2 576 There is a Custom within the City of L. to elect..six Freemen of the Company of Bakers, to be Foreign Takers to supervise all Spiced Cakes and Bread brought to the common Markets by any Foreigner, and to seise and send that which is bad to the Prisons, &c.

1850 W. Brandon Inq. into Freedom City of London 33 The office of foreign taker then became useless, and was abolished in the year 1744.

1991 I. W. Archer Pursuit Stability (2002) 202 The protection racket operated by John Pate, foreign taker.

Derivatives

ˈforeignly adv. in a foreign, strange, or unfamiliar manner; (also) in a foreign country.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adverb] > in or to foreign land(s) > in foreign manner

foreignly1654

exotically1670

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [adverb] > in a strange manner

uncouthlyc900

alangely1440

strangely1533

outlandishlikea1568

strangea1616

foreignly1654

unco-like1842

1654 R. Maddison Great Britains Remembrancer 8 The hazard that might befall in carrying of Treasure as luggage from place to place, which otherwise upon every severall Contract made to be paid forraignly, would be exported.

1838 Morning Post 9 July A fine house which he wishes to be finely and foreignly ornamented.

1873 Western Daily Press 17 June What would be the conduct of such men if others coalesced to force foreignly-educated or differently-minded clerks into their offices?

1880 G. Meredith Tragic Comedians II. i. 9 He rose out of his amazement..foreignly beholding himself.

1994 New Yorker 5 Sept. 85/2 Reputations and imputed events and events-to-come quivered and rippled foreignly.

ˈforeignness n. the fact of being foreign, strange, or unfamiliar; foreign quality.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [noun] > foreign land > foreign quality

peregrinity1591

foreignness1611

exoticness1631

exotism1811

foreignism1838

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [noun] > strangeness

strangenessc1386

uncouthness1435

alangeness1440

estrangeness1549

unwontness1552

unkethness1564

foreignness1611

remotenessa1719

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Peregrinité,..forrainenesse.

1661 R. Boyle Some Considerations Style Script. 249 The Foreinenesse and Obscurity of some Texts.

1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda I. i. v. 78 His English had little foreignness except its fluency.

1880 J. Caird Introd. Philos. Relig. vi. 169 When a being or object reveals itself to feeling, it, so to speak, loses any vestige of foreignness or estrangement.

2011 S. Sahota Ours are Streets 206 He said something in Pashto, but when I just looked on, he peered at me more closely. He spotted my foreignness then.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	foreign
释义	† foreignn.¹ Forms: Middle English foreyne, Middle English forreyne, Middle English–1500s foreyn, 1500s forayne, 1600s forren. Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Or (ii) a borrowing from French. Etymons: chamber foreign n.; French forein. Etymology: Either short for chamber foreign n., or < Anglo-Norman forein, foreyne latrine, privy (1410 or earlier), use as noun of forein situated on the outside, exterior (see foreign adj.). Obsolete. A privy attached to the outer wall of a building; an outside toilet; = chamber foreign n. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > privy or latrine > [noun] gongOE privy?c1225 room-housec1275 chamber foreignc1300 wardrobea1325 privy chamberc1325 foreignc1390 siegec1400 stool1410 jakes1432 house of easementa1438 kocayc1440 siege-hole1440 siege-house1440 privy house1463 withdraught1493 draught1530 shield1535 bench-hole1542 common house1542 stool1542 jakes house1547 boggard1552 house of office?1560 purging place1577 little house1579 issue1588 Ajax1596 draught-house1597 private1600 necessary house1612 vault1617 longhouse1622 latrine1623 necessary1633 commonsa1641 gingerbread officea1643 boghouse1644 cloaca1645 passage-house1646 retreat1653 shithouse1659 closet of ease1662 garderobe1680 backside1704 office1727 bog?1731 house of ease1734 cuz-john1735 easing-chair1771 backhouse1800 outhouse1819 netty1825 petty1848 seat of ease1850 closet1869 bathroom1883 crapper1927 lat1927 shouse1941 biffy1942 shitholec1947 toot1965 shitter1967 woodshed1974 c1390 MS Vernon Homilies in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1877) 57 260 (MED) And watur to vre foreyn bere; ffor þou hast a Mayde forleyn, þou schalt clansen vre foreyn. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 7435 Ful foule ys þat forreyne Þat ys comon for al, certeyne. c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 1962 The tour..Was Ioynynge in the wal to a foreyne. 1505 in J. Gage Hist & Antiq. Suffolk: Thingoe Hundred (1838) 140 To be wrought w^th calion & breke, w^t foreyns and other necessaries. 1639–40 in 9th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Pt. 1 (1883) 164 in Parl. Papers (C. 3773) XXXVII. 1 [The public privy at the King's Bridge is now named] the common forren. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022). foreignadj.n.²adv. Brit. /ˈfɒrᵻn/, /ˈfɒrn̩/, U.S. /ˈfɔrən/, /ˈfɑrən/ Forms: Middle English feorrene, Middle English ferren, Middle English fforen, Middle English fforeyn, Middle English forant, Middle English foreynt, Middle English forrenge, Middle English furrene, Middle English 1600s foreine, Middle English–1500s foran, Middle English–1500s foryn, Middle English–1600s forayn, Middle English–1600s forayne, Middle English–1600s foreyn, Middle English–1600s foreyne, Middle English–1600s forren, Middle English–1600s forreyn, Middle English–1700s foren, Middle English–1800s forein, 1500s–1600s foraine, 1500s–1600s forraigne, 1500s–1600s forrain, 1500s–1600s forraine, 1500s–1600s forreine, 1500s–1700s foraign, 1500s–1700s forraign, 1500s–1700s forreign, 1500s–1700s forreigne, 1500s–1700s forrein, 1500s– foreign, 1600s furraine, 1600s (1800s– nonstandard) forrin, 1600s–1700s forain, 1800s– furrin (nonstandard); Scottish pre-1700 foirane, pre-1700 foirrane, pre-1700 foraine, pre-1700 forand, pre-1700 forane, pre-1700 forayne, pre-1700 foreane, pre-1700 foreine, pre-1700 foren, pre-1700 forene, pre-1700 foreyen, pre-1700 foreyn, pre-1700 foreyne, pre-1700 forraine, pre-1700 forran, pre-1700 forrane, pre-1700 forrayne, pre-1700 forrein, pre-1700 forreine, pre-1700 forreyen, pre-1700 forreyn, pre-1700 forringe, pre-1700 1700s forain, pre-1700 1700s forraigne, pre-1700 1700s forrain, pre-1700 1700s– foreign, 1900s– furran, 1900s– furreign, 1900s– furren, 1900s– furrin. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French forein, forain. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman forein, foran, foren, foreint, foreigne, foreigne, furein, ferein, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French forain exterior, outer, on the outside, from outside or elsewhere, from another country or place (all 12th cent.), (as noun) foreigner, outsider, alien (12th cent.), area outside the jurisdiction of a town, outskirts (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), non-member of a guild (14th cent. in Anglo-Norman) < post-classical Latin foranus (adjective) exterior, situated on the outside (probably 5th cent.), from another city or country (12th cent. in British sources), (noun) person from another town (12th cent. in a British source) < classical Latin forās , forīs out of doors (see for- prefix³) + -ānus -an suffix.Compare post-classical Latin foraneus (adjective) from another city or country (from 12th cent. in British sources), concerned with external affairs (from 13th cent. in British sources), (of a canon) non-resident (13th cent.), from another jurisdiction (14th cent. in a British source), exterior, situated on the outside (14th cent.), (noun) person from another town (12th cent.; from 13th cent. in British sources), formed on the analogy of classical Latin extrāneus (see extraneous adj. and compare Spanish foráneo (c1600)). Compare also post-classical Latin forinsecus (adjective) (from) outside (local community or jurisdiction) (6th cent.; frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), outdoor, outside (8th cent in British sources), (of a building or part of it) outer (11th cent.; frequently from early 13th cent. in British sources), outlying, remote (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), concerned with external affairs (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources), (noun) person from outside, foreigner (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) ( < classical Latin forinsecus , adverb), which in legal use in England is the usual equivalent of foreign . In Middle English sometimes showing postposition and plural agreement (as e.g. in quot. 1384 at sense A. 1a). A. adj. I. Belonging to another and related senses. 1. a. Belonging to or coming from another parish, town, district, etc.; (in early use) esp. designating a person who is not a citizen or freeman of a town, or who does not belong to a particular guild. Now somewhat rare, as foreign is now predominantly used in senses belonging to Branch A. II. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adjective] > that is a stranger or outsider uncouthc893 outcomeeOE fremdc950 althedyOE foreigna1325 aliena1382 barbarous1542 barbarianc1550 stranger1593 extraneous1656 outside1826 barbaric1849 extern1866 offcomed1879 a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) vii. 60 Forasemuche foreine tenauns nabbez nammore riȝt to commune in wast, oþer in pasture of ani lord þan his oune propre tenauns. 1384 Proclam. Sir Nicholas Brembre in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 32 Alle swiche vitaillers foreins, that bryngeth fissh or other vitailles to the same Citee to selle. 1425–6 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 190 (MED) John Sonder, yn þe paressh of þe whitechapell hath i j k. of foreyn ale. a1483 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 317 Ye schall couer no foren strenger yn no wys under yor franches. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 437 The market house..was buylded for the free sale of the foreyn Boocher, and of the foreyn Fishmonger. c1638 Order Privy Council in J. Penkethman Artachthos sig. Hij^v The forreigne Bakers which bring their Bread to be sold in the market of any Citie. 1708 London Gaz. No. 4465/6 In the Hands of the foreign Bailiff of Dudley. 1713 in Cal. Virginia State Papers (1875) I. 168 The next matter, I shall recommend to you, is the providing more effectually for the Security of your Frontiers against foreign Indians. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. xxxviii. 63 They usually talk of corporations belonging to other States as ‘foreign’. 1888 S. Baring-Gould Richard Cable II. xxxviii. 253 Mrs. Cable was foreign born and bred; she did not even speak like a Cornish woman. 1891 Daily News 18 Sept. 3/3 There has been a great demand for foreign labour in Kent. 1895 Guardian 6 Mar. 363/3 The foreign examiners [at Durham] are the Regius Professor of Hebrew, Oxford, and the Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Cambridge. 1992 Times 8 July 25/6 Bristol's ambivalence towards ‘foreign’ county councils has deep roots. b. Designating a parish, town, district, etc., other than one's own; situated in another parish, town, district, etc. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > part of country or district > [adjective] > remote or outlying out of the wayc1175 uplandishc1380 foreign1424 outland1500 outlying1651 outsetting1658 back country1775 out-of-the-world1775 outlandish1792 outworld1808 upcountry1810 backwoodish1836 fresh water1860 backwoodsy1862 way back1884 outstate1911 upstate1935 1424 in R. R. Sharpe Cal. Let.-bks. London (1909) I. 293 (MED) Purveours of Kyng, Quene, Prynce and of other have take godes of lyvyng and here vitayles of hem and delivered hem tailles, assyngnyg hem day and place to receyve her payement in foreyn and ferre places. a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 109 (MED) Yeldyng yerely to them..iij s..for all seruyce, customs, and sutis of Courte, and all demaundis, but hit were to the a forrenge courte. 1512 Act 4 Henry VIII c. 4 §1 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 50 Outlawries had ageynst theym in forreyn Counties. 1676 S. Degge Parson's Counsellor ii. v. 166 To be imployed in a Forrain Parish. 1884 Huddersfield Chron. 18 Apr. 8/1 He had two warrants against Hirst, a horse dealer, of Slaithwaite, one from that court and one from a foreign court, for over £29. 1921 Daily Mail 9 May 9/1 G. N. Foster, the second of the famous Worcestershire brotherhood to turn out for a ‘foreign’ county. 2015 Irish Daily Mail (Nexis) 14 Nov. 62 Kerry had four managers, but three of them..were spreading the word in foreign parishes. c. Law. Of a plea, defence, etc.: tried in a different place from where the action was originally brought or the matter originally occurred; as in foreign plea. Now only in historical contexts. ΚΠ 1437 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1437 §26. m. 5 Eche of þese .xiij. plees and answeres, triable out of þe shire in which þe action and writ of atteint is sued, shal cause þe delay..unto the tyme that eche of þe seid foreins severals answers be tried. 1437 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1437 §26. m. 5 If eny of the seid foreins answers and plees, be tried and founden ageyn eny of þe seid defendantz, [etc.]. a1472 in Archaeologia Cantiana (1931) 43 206 The same besecher is like to be condempned in the said citee by colour of the said foreyn accion, ageyns reson & conscience. 1512 Act 4 Henry VIII c. 2 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 49 Of feyned and untrew Foreyn pleyes triable in foreyn Countes. 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Gg1^v/2 Forein mater..mater triable in another countie. 1986 Law & Hist. Rev. 4 74 The record of the case states that it was adjourned to the Staffordshire Eyre, but there is no reference to it amongst the foreign pleas on the roll of that eyre. 2. a. Not related to or concerned with the thing or person being considered; of a different nature or character; strange, unfamiliar, alien. Frequently followed by from, to.Sometimes influenced by, or an extended use of, sense A. 7b. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > relevance or pertinence > [adjective] > irrelevant foreigna1393 unpertinentc1400 impertinentc1450 peregrine1532 far-fet1533 exorbitant1534 unrelevant1558 stravagant1565 fremd1581 unappliable1588 misapplied1596 immaterial1598 far-fetched1607 misdevoted1623 unappertaining1645 irrelativea1657 inapposite1661 unconcerned1683 scandalous1750 uncentral1782 irrelevant1786 tangent1787 inappertinent1814 unappropriate1818 tangential1867 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [adjective] > strange uncouthc900 unketha1275 solein1390 foreigna1393 uncoc1410 unquod1542 estrange1549 strangy1558 estrangeful1613 unco-like1636 arabesque1847 other-dimensional1934 Martian1953 weirded out1973 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iii. l. 5 A vice forein fro the lawe. c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate Reson & Sensuallyte (1901) l. 5860 (MED) Yt was don..Oonly for to han victoire With-oute surplus of wynnyng Of any other foreyn thing, For they play for no profyte But for Ioy and for delyte. a1642 R. Callis Reading of Statute of Sewers (1647) ii. 103 The Lord of the Copyhold is not to be taxed for the Soil of the Copyhold; for although he might come to it by forfeiture committed, yet that is a forain possibility. 1681 tr. G. J. Guilleragues Seven Portuguese Lett. i. 4 What have I to do with mysteries, and things that are foreign to me? 1709 J. Swift Let. conc. Sacramental Test 14 This design is not so foreign from some Peoples Thoughts. 1719 Free-thinker III. 95 Persons, of a Profession very foreign to this Science. 1821 C. Lamb in London Mag. Nov. 469/2 [The diet] least stimulative to appetite, leaves the mind most free for foreign considerations. 1873 A. Helps Some Talk about Animals & their Masters i. 16 A purpose foreign from his pursuits. 1881 J. R. Illingworth Serm. Coll. Chapel 74 Such language may be a little foreign, but the experience is universal. 1940 R. Wright Native Son iii. 316 The facts of this evil crime are..utterly beastlike and foreign to our whole concept of life. 1992 IndustryWeek 7 Dec. 36/1 Emulating industry's ‘best-in-class’ was a foreign concept for many in the defense arena. 2005 Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 17 Dec. 22/5 In hospital all the treatments and medications they gave me and being put on oxygen was all so foreign to me that it scared the holy ghost out of me. †b. Law. Designating an unusual or unnatural interpretation of the meaning of a piece of wording in a legal document, as in foreign intent, foreign intendment. Cf. common intendment. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1626 F. Bacon Elements Common Lawes (1630) 50 The graunts of a common person..shall be extended as well to a forrein intent as to a common intent. 1656 tr. J. Popham Rep. & Cases 163 Because it hath been objected that he may be seised Præ auter vie, this is but a forraign intendment, for a Fee is alwaies intended Seisin in Fee-simple. 1764 J. Comyns Digest Laws Eng. II. 321 Words insensible do not make a Condition;..Nor Words to a foreign Intent. 1768 J. Burrow Series Decisions Court King's Bench 1 193 It seems a very foreign Intendment to suppose, ‘that the Mother had any other Right to the Settlement, than as the Wife of Hankin’. †3. a. Belonging to another; not one's own. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > non-possession > fact of not being possessed or owned > [adjective] > not one's own foreign?c1400 stranger1577 ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) i. pr. iv. l. 337 Compelled in accusyng of my name for nede of foreine moneye. c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 93 (MED) Wherfore be ye ravisched..As þogh þise goodes schulde be þyn owne, Þe wiche fro the ben vtterly forreyn. 1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 13 Keep all thy native good, and naturalize All forrain of that name; but scorn their ill. 1733 A. Pope Ess. Man iii. 21 Nothing is foreign: Parts relate to Whole. 1851 R. Hussey Rise Papal Power i. 35 The interference of Bishops in foreign Sees. b. Not conducted within a household; occurring outside the home; concerned with matters outside the home. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adjective] > that is a stranger or outsider > specific to one's household or family foreign1605 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > foreign (of country or place) or situated abroad > foreign as opposed to domestic foreign1605 offshore1929 society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > [adjective] > other than personal foreign1721 1605 in Archaeologia (1800) 13 316 [The steward] is to see into all offices, soe well forraine, as at home. a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. xiii. §1. 348 By writing, we may giue direction for our foraine Businesses, though we stay at home; and for our domestical, though we be abroad. 1721 J. Strype Eccl. Memorials II. ii. ii. 260 To have their foreign expences after the rate of 100l. a year. c. Of a person or personal attribute: not belonging to one's family or inner circle. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [adjective] > not related fremda1200 strange1338 remote1607 foreign1609 unrelated1657 1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles xv. 84 I loue the king your father..with more then forraine heart. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1623) iv. iii 87 They..powre our Treasures into forraigne laps. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII ii. ii. 129 You enuide him; And fearing he would rise..Kept him a forraigne man still. View more context for this quotation 4. Provided by other people or things; coming from an external source. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [adjective] > coming or operating from outside or extraneous > from other persons or things foreign?c1400 ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iii. pr. iii. l. 1936 Þan..haþe [emended in ed. to haþ] a man nede to seken hym foreyne helpe by whiche he may defende hys moneye. c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 171 (MED) No foreyn cause myght arten ne constreyne..But lo þe forme of souereyn good in the. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 16 The truthe is then set free from all douting, when not vpholden by forayne aides it self alone sufficeth to susteine it self. 1659 H. Hammond Paraphr. & Annot. Psalms Pref. sig. A3^v For this..we must appeal to forreign testimonies. 1712 R. Blackmore Creation i. 27 Machines..Move by a Foreign Impulse, not their own. 1834 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (1849) x. 81 If the system be not deranged by a foreign cause. 1978 Canad. Jrnl. Philos. 8 221 With the remaining examples of ‘foreign’ motivation on my list, I am unsure how to draw the necessary contrast. 5. Chiefly Medicine. Coming from outside or elsewhere; spec. introduced into an organism, tissue, etc., from outside; not naturally present in the body.Frequently in foreign body (see Compounds 2). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [adjective] > coming or operating from outside or extraneous strangec1386 alienate1533 extern1533 unnative1568 extrinsical1578 implanted1595 adventitious1603 intervenient1605 acquired1609 extrinsic1613 foreign1621 extraneous1638 adnate1642 acquisititiousa1652 external1651 adventual1656 forinsecal1658 adventine1755 extranate1856 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > [adjective] > foreign body strangec1386 foreign1621 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. ii. iii. 335 Yet there is much in choice of such a chamber or roome in opportune opening and shutting of windowes, excluding forrain aire & windes. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §334 When a Forraine Spirit, Stronger and more Eager than the Spirit of the Body, entreth the Body; As in the Stinging of Serpents. 1704 tr. P. Dubé Poor Man's Physician & Surgeon ii. ii. i. 368 Simple Wounds are such as don't contain any foreign Matter, or are not attended with any ill Symptoms. 1771 J. Priestley in Philos. Trans. 1770 (Royal Soc.) 60 204 Part of the electric matter natural to the body must be repelled, to make room for the foreign electricity. 1823 Jrnl. Foreign Med. Sci. & Lit. 3 534 Yet in the case of small-pox or cow-pox we do not ascribe the constitutional affections to the absorption of the patient's self-secreted matter, but to the action of the foreign virus. 1875 C. Lyell & L. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 12) I. ii. xv. 331 A hard chlorite rock equally foreign to the immediate neighbourhood. 1922 Jrnl. Immunol. 7 128 The similarity of symptoms of drug reactions with those of foreign proteins in specifically hypersensitive persons. 1975 Sci. Amer. July 25 It has been called plasmid engineering, because it utilizes plasmids to introduce the foreign genes. 2015 Cell Stress & Chaperones 20 757/1 A degree of immune tolerance is required to allow the fetus to develop within the uterus without being recognized as foreign and eliminated by maternal immunity. 6. Designating another railway company; belonging to another railway company. Now historical. ΚΠ 1839 2nd Rep. Select Comm. Railways 224 in Parl. Papers (H. C. 517) X. 127 A railway company can and will undersell foreign competitors on its own line, as regards the provision of locomotive power. 1885 E. B. Ivatts Railway Managem. at Stations 547 To the employees of railway ‘A’ all other railways in respect to traffic are ‘foreign’. 1926 G. G. Huebner & E. R. Johnson Railroad Freight Service vii. 129 The prevailing rate of mileage paid by one railway to another for the use of foreign cars was three quarters of a cent per car per mile. 2013 D. Henshaw Great Railway Conspiracy iii. 65 These ‘foreign’ lines were perceived by regional managers as abstracting revenue from historic regional trunk routes. II. Of or relating to countries other than one's own and related senses.The word foreign does not tend to be used of the countries of the United Kingdom in relation to each other. In addition, N.E.D. (1897) remarks: ‘The word is in British use not applied.., ordinarily, to (former) colonies chiefly inhabited by English-speaking people.’ (see e.g. quot. 1844 at sense A. 7a). Cf. note at foreigner n. 2a. 7. a. Designating a land or country other than one's own; not in one's own land or country; situated abroad or overseas; as in foreign country, foreign land, foreign nation, foreign parts, foreign port, etc. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > foreign (of country or place) or situated abroad althedyOE strange1297 foreigna1393 outward1427 extern1543 abroad1559 external1587 stranger1593 tramontane1596 oversea1645 transmontane1727 trans-oceanic1827 overseas1892 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 973 He hield..governance of every yle Which was longende unto Cizile, Of hem that fro the lond forein Leie open to the wynd al plein. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 122 (MED) Men gon beȝonde þo iourneys toward ynde & to the foreyn yles. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xxix. 577 Kynge Alein of the forayn londes. 1523 Act 14 & 15 Henry VIII c. 1 §1 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 206 Preamble The said outwarde and forren regions. 1611 T. Heywood Golden Age i. sig. B3 Whil'st I in forreigne Kingdomes search my Fate. 1685 R. Morden Geogr. Rectified Ep. Ded. 1 Your..Affairs abroad have..given you a better knowledge and experience of Foreign Parts. 1700 J. Wallis in C. R. L. Fletcher Collectanea (1885) I. 313 In some forain universities. ?1789 E. Gibbon Let. 28 Mar. (1956) III. 144 The autumn was remarkably populous in such Englishmen as I am not ashamed to acknowledge in foreign countries. 1815 N. Amer. Rev. July 221 For many years England has suffered no manufacture of any foreign nation, except Russian ‘crash’, and a few other coarse articles, to enter its ports. 1844 Manch. Courier 8 June 3/6 The spiritual welfare of British subjects resident in the colonies and foreign countries. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 385 In some foreign clime which is..beyond our ken. 1951 N. Monsarrat Cruel Sea iii. viii. 240 The glamour of visiting a foreign port, still showed no signs of palling. 1973 J. Symons Plot against Roger Rider ii. 45 Are they going to be stranded in a foreign city?.. Reassured, the package tourists sink into their seats. 2017 @krista_tagaras 20 Feb. in twitter.com (accessed 19 July 2021) Just wanna be eating pineapple on a foreign beach with the love of my life. b. Belonging to, characteristic of, or coming from another country; not from one's own country; as in foreign accent, foreign currency, foreign food, foreign government, foreign investor, foreign tourist, foreign worker, etc.See also foreign language n., Foreign Legion n. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > foreign (of country or place) or situated abroad > of or relating to a foreign land un-i-cundeeOE althedisheOE althedyOE elelendisha1000 fremda1000 outlandishOE strange1297 outenc1300 unkindc1300 outlandsc1330 foreign?1435 outland1488 peregrine1532 uncouth1533 forinsecal1539 exterior1540 extern1543 unnative1568 uplandish1586 external1587 tramontane1596 exotical1601 estranged1614 undenizened1635 extra-marine1639 outlanding1643 ultramarine1656 transmontane1727 forinsec service1728 foreigneering1806 trans-oceanic1827 vilayati1843 alienized1860 oversea1881 overwater1889 overseas1892 furrin1895 non-native1932 ?1435 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 633 Alle fforeyn enmyes ffrom the Kyng to enchace. 1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin i. 11 To build his sewertie vppon forreine strength, seeing he had no confidence in his owne forces. 1655 H. Vaughan Silex Scintillans (ed. 2) ii. Pref. sig. A4^v Plentifully furnished with various Foraign vanities. 1677 T. Hobbes in tr. Homer Iliads (ed. 2) To Rdr. sig. A4 Forein words. 1713 W. Darrell Gentleman Instructed (ed. 5) iii. vi. 420 [A traveller]..learns the great Mystery of Foreign Governments. 1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. lix. 270 A foreign force..actually landed upon our coast. 1809 F. Plowden Hist. Ireland: Henry II to Union I. 120 Not a single writer..foreign or native, catholic or acatholic. 1875 H. James Roderick Hudson iv. 140 She spoke with a vague foreign accent. 1894 Social Economist Feb. 91 Foreign investors withdrew about $100,000,000 worth of capital previously invested in American securities. 1912 J. E. C. Flitch Mod. Dancing iv. 62 The dancing of the prime ballerine, almost all of whom were foreign, left little to be desired. 1977 Times 22 Aug. 13/2 Proponents of a tourist tax really mean for it to be imposed only on foreign tourists. 1995 Hispanic Mar. 55/2 Hardworking U.S. workers, some of whose livelihood is threatened if they happen to look or sound foreign. 2008 E. B. Maranan in E. B. Maranan & L. S. Maranan-Goldstein Taste of Home p. xi/1 I kept hankering for Filipino dishes—when not relishing the taste of foreign food. c. Designating a (species of) plant or animal that is not native to the area in which it occurs. Cf. alien adj. 1b(b). ΚΠ 1826 W. Darlington Florula Cestrica 101 This foreign tree [sc. Morus alba] occurs about some old settlements, where it was formerly introduced, with a view to raise Silk-worms. 1871 Jrnl. Bot., Brit. & Foreign 9 213 Few people are aware of the difficulty of naturalizing plants: I suspect that nature has more to do with the distribution of foreign species than human agency. 1908 Naturalist Jan. 32 A collection of foreign insects found in Warrington, and twelve cases of types of British beetles, by Mr. G. A. Dunlop. 1992 World (BBC) Apr. 84/1 Watch out for foreign plants...They'll wriggle their root system into your soil, oust the more delicate locals out and before you know it they've taken. 2005 A. Burdick Out of Eden (2006) v. 67 All told, counting the nine hundred nonnative plants now growing in Hawaii, the foreign species approach in number the indigenous ones. 8. Carried on or taking place abroad; into or with other countries; as in foreign commerce, foreign holiday, foreign trade, foreign voyage, foreign war, etc.See also foreign exchange n., foreign mission n., foreign service n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > foreign (of country or place) or situated abroad > carried on in foreign countries foreign1548 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxvij When foren warre and outward battailes, were brought to an ende. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Isocrates in Panoplie Epist. 176 To take on mee a forreigne voyage. 1632 R. Sanderson 12 Serm. 475 A forraigne Invasion abroad. 1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler i. 32 A man whose forraign imployments in the service of this Nation, and [etc.] . View more context for this quotation 1719 W. Wood Surv. Trade (ed. 2) 7 A great Part of our Trade depends upon our Foreign Commerce. 1840 H. Malcom Trav. 34/1 The foreign trade is extinct. 1900 Internat. Monthly 2 607 The safest policy..was to steer as clear as possible from foreign conflicts and foreign alliances. 1930 Week-end Rev. 7 June 467 Ireland this year! For a ‘different’ holiday, with all the charms of foreign travel and none of the disadvantages. 2005 R. Bean Harvest 89 I like me foreign holidays, I like me new cars. 9. a. Dealing with matters concerning other countries, as in foreign affairs, foreign correspondent, foreign minister, foreign news, foreign policy, etc.See also Foreign Office n., foreign secretary n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > foreign (of country or place) or situated abroad > dealing with foreign countries foreign1611 1611 T. Coryate Crudities Ep. Ded. sig. a8 The Obseruations of my trauels;..I hope..will be very delectable to euery Reader that loueth to heare of forraine affaires. 1655 E. Nicholas Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 241 Other furraine newes I heare not. 1781 J. O. Justamond tr. B.-F.-J. Mouffle d'Angerville Private Life Lewis XV IV. 235 Two months after this the Duke d'Aiguillon was declared Minister of foreign affairs. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xviii. 300 The foreign policy of England. 1870 Nation (N.Y.) 27 Jan. 54/2 There is..a column of telegrams from Europe in every issue of the daily papers, which editors are accustomed to refer to as furnishing the latest ‘foreign intelligence’. 1877 Harper's Mag. Dec. 53/2 Foreign correspondence in the hands of a foreign editor. 1951 N.Y. Times 2 Oct. 9/2 The Dutch Foreign Ministry announced today that Queen Juliana's husband, Prince Bernhard, would pay an unofficial visit to the United States. 1959 C. Ogburn Marauders (1960) ii. 47 A reporter and a writer on the foreign desk of The Chicago Daily News. 1967 P. M. Hubbard Custom of Country (1969) iv. 51 There was some sports news, a city page of surprising sophistication and a sprinkling of..foreign news. 1971 Guardian 22 July 11/8 Foreign correspondents during the previous days used, perforce, comments from the angry hippies. 2010 Jewish Chron. 9 Oct. 1/1 A special meeting of Arab League foreign ministers to discuss the situation. b. Designating a bill of exchange drawn or payable in another country, as in foreign bill. ΚΠ 1615 Officers Fees for Englishmen (single sheet) Forreigne bills. 1694 London Gaz. No. 3008/4 Foreign Bills of Exchange will be Discounted after the Rate of Four and half per Cent. per Annum. 1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. xxx. 467 These bills [of exchange] are either foreign, or inland foreign, when drawn by a merchant residing abroad upon his correspondent in England or vice versa. 1868 E. Seyd Bullion 89 The foregoing Foreign Bills of Class 2 are called drawn Bills, being usually negotiated from the Drawer direct to a London Foreign Banker. 1928 Jrnl. Compar. Legislation & Internat. Law 10 244 Protest is a general measure in France. It is required both for non-acceptance and non-payment, for inland and foreign bills. 1997 R. Cranston Princ. Banking Law iv. xiv. 415 Trade bills, because they will generally be ‘foreign bills’ within the terms of the Act, must also be protested. c. Designating a type of thin paper used for letters sent abroad, as in foreign letter paper, foreign notepaper. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > paper for correspondence > types of mourning paper1635 bank paper1696 bank post1801 foreign1825 Bath-post1837 bill-head1845 mourning notepaper1846 vellum post1847 bond papera1877 correspondence card1892 notehead1892 airmail paper1933 letterhead1939 notelet1955 bluey1989 1825 B. Disraeli Let. 22 Nov. (1982) I. 52 As I am writing foreign letters I have scribbled by mistake on foreign letter paper. 1892 E. Reeves Homeward Bound 113 No contribution to exceed six pages of foreign note paper. 1898 Daily News 10 Nov. 6/4 It is not the ordinary foreign paper, nor the ‘onion peel’—so called from its transparency. 1973 A. Scholefield Hammer of God 48 Foreign notepaper and envelopes and crested notepaper. †III. Occurring outside and related senses. 10. Made in open court, public. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > openness or unconcealedness > [adjective] openlyeOE underna900 openeOE utterly12.. unhida1300 perta1325 apert1330 nakeda1382 public1394 patenta1398 foreign?c1400 overtc1400 unrecovered1433 publicalc1450 open-visageda1513 bare1526 uncloaked1539 subject1556 uncovered1577 unmasked1590 facely1593 undisguised1598 female1602 unveiled1606 unshrouded1610 barefaceda1616 disclouded1615 unhiddena1616 broad-faced1643 with full miena1657 undissembled1671 frank1752 bald-faced1761 unconfidential1772 ostensible1782 unglossed1802 undisguising1813 unvisored1827 unconcealed1839 disprivacied1848 disguiseless1850 bald1854 unobscured1879 visible1885 open door1898 above ground1976 ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iii. pr. iii. l. 1932 Fro whennes comen ellys alle þise foreine compleintes [L. forenses querimoniae]. 11. Of darkness: on the outside, external. Obsolete. ΚΠ ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) i. met. ii. l. 101 Myntynge to gone in to foreyne derknesses [L. externas tenebras]. c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate Testament (Harl. 2255) in J. O. Halliwell Select. Minor Poems (1840) 234 This is the name that chaceth away the clips Of foreyn dirkenesse. B. n.² 1. a. A person who is not a citizen or freeman of a town; a person who does not belong to a particular guild; a person from another parish, town, or district. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider fremdc950 guestc950 althedyOE allophyleOE uncoutha1250 strangea1325 alienc1384 barbarc1384 barbarync1384 strangerc1385 barbaric1388 foreigna1399 outland?a1400 farandman14.. out-comelingc1400 foreigner1422 alienar1473 alienate1497 estrangec1503 new face?a1513 barbarianc1550 fremman1568 frenne1579 estranger1586 inmatea1600 outlier1606 outcomer1607 externc1610 exoteric1697 outner1721 outsider1800 unco1800 inconnu1807 outrigger1850 offcome1859 ringer1896 offcomer1898 shenzi1910 out-grouper1938 outworlder1948 a1399 in W. G. Benham Oath Bk. Colchester (1907) 11 (MED) Ȝyf a foreyn come with sweche certeyne vitaylles, he schal havyn a mesure of the toun to metyn by. ?a1500 Chalmerlan Ayr in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. App. iv. 330/2 All þe burges of þe burgh, alswel forreyns [L. forinseci] as deynseens. ?1529 R. Hyrde tr. J. L. Vives Instr. Christen Woman ii. i. sig. U For cytizens fauoure more one an other, than they do foreyns. 1530 Ordin. in S. Young Ann. Barber-surgeons London (1890) 581 Ye shall not admytt eny fforen to be of this misterie. 1948 S. L. Thrupp Merchant Class Medieval London i. 50 Between 1377 and 1501 there was no added pressure to make foreigns take up the citizenship. 1999 H. Swanson Medieval Brit. Towns ii. 28 What was not acceptable was to use local knowledge to the disadvantage of fellow burgesses and to the advantage of foreigns. b. A person from another country; a foreigner.Now often used with dismissive connotations.Perhaps re-formed from the adjective in the 20th cent. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider > from another country outlandishOE WelshmanlOE outlandish manc1300 foreign?a1400 strangerc1460 foreigner1483 outborna1557 tramontane1593 transmarine1596 outlander1598 outlandisher1599 exotic1651 Outalian1668 furriner1849 Dutchman1857 Uitlander1892 Johnny Foreigner1899 non-patrial1971 ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 7861 Þe tounes, þe countes, þe foreyns alle aboute to þe kyng felle on knes. 1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 995 (MED) I am but a foreyn in this cuntre. a1613 E. Brerewood Enq. Langs. & Relig. (1614) iii. 16 Ambassages..or whatsoeuer other businesse of the Prouincials, or forraines. 1934 J. V. Harrison Jrnl. 14 Dec. in My Great, Wide, Beautiful World (1939) 295 After it started they called for the foreigns and I got a cabin on the best side uper deck. 2014 D. Tyte Half Plus Seven ix. 68 It was the kind of place social climbers moved to be away from the foreigns and the traffic and the late night noise and the drugs. 2015 Africa News (Nexis) 21 Apr. But what about those who persecute and mistreat foreigns on their farms, in their hotels, or in mines and homes across the country? 2. a. Something produced in, or originating from, another country; (in early use) esp. a foreign vessel. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessels from specific country or region > [noun] > foreign foreign1509 foreign flag1796 foreigner1823 1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. ccviii Of these fals forayns renneth so great a bonde Vnto our shyppis that [etc.]. 1643 Declar. Commons conc. Rebellion in Ireland 50 They took yesterday a Forrain laden with deales. 1873 Farmer's Mag. Mar. 246/1 This happened last year during a dead calm in our home wools. Foreigns were in request at advancing rates. 1936 Oshkosh (Wisconsin) Northwestern 1 Nov. 14/1 His stamp collection includes 3,000 foreigns, 250 Americans, 200 precancellations.., and 75 first-day covers. 1996 N. Pasquariello Sounds of Movies xiii. 189 Rerecording mixers..found themselves in the unusual position of creating a foreign in French for domestic release. b. U.S. slang. A luxury car produced by a non-American company.Originally popularized by hip-hop and rap lyrics. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > motor car > [noun] > specific model Olds1907 Model T1909 Ford1914 Rolls1915 Merc1930 T-model1932 beetle1958 T-bird1958 VW1958 Mini1959 Moke1959 deux-chevaux1962 Mini-Moke1962 Liftback1973 Beemer1978 Roller1979 foreign2010 2010 J. Lynch in M. Hess Hip Hop in Amer. xvii. 445 Those who can afford to buy foreign cars, known simply as foreigns, typically just put on rims and have classy, clean paint jobs. 2012 ‘Chief Keef’ Diamonds (transcribed from song, feat. ‘French Montana’) in Finally Rich I'm riding in them foreigns. 2014 ‘Plies’ U mean 2 tell Me (transcribed from song, feat. ‘Young Scooter’) in Da Last Real Nigga Left You say you ride Raris, but never drove a foreign. 2020 @RemyBoy_Donald 23 Mar. in twitter.com (accessed 14 Aug. 2021) Moms ain't put my foreign in the garage and it got snowed on. 3. a. That part of a town or parish which lies outside the bounds of the borough proper. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town or city > part of town or city > [noun] > other areas friars1479 foreign1514 acropolis1570 sestiere1599 shopping district1837 downstreet1865 Latin Quarter1869 midtown1882 club-land1885 flat-land1889 brick area1895 turf1953 grey area1959 office park1963 bed-sitter-land1968 edge city1968 1514 Proclam. Henry VIII against Liveries & Retainers (single sheet) And that no parsone shalbe lodged nor harbergyd in y^e Subbardes nor in the foreyn of any suche. 1650 M. Hill True & Impartiall Acct. Plunderings Hereford 6 Taken and plundered from the Brough and Forren of Rose. 1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. viii. 314 All the Villages and Hamlets belonging thereunto [sc. Walsall]..which they call the forraigne. 1782 T. R. Nash Coll. Hist. Worcestershire II. 39 The inhabitants of the foreign of Kidderminster, so called to distinguish them from the inhabitants of the borough. 1835 H. A. Merewether & A. J. Stephens Hist. Boroughs & Munic. Corporations United Kingdom I. 491 The bailiffs are every week..to make inquiry of all persons who died in the suburbs or foreigns. 1856 E. L. Glew Hist. Walsall 3 The parish is in two townships, called the Borough and Foreign. 1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. at Foreigner At Rye..that part of the parish which lies out of the boundary of the corporation, is called the Foreign of Rye. 1997 J. G. Hillaby Ledbury (ed. 2) xi. 91 They both lived in the Southend until 1665 when Hooper took up residence in the foreign. †b. In plural. The outer court of a monastery; the land immediately outside the precincts of a monastery. Obsolete (in later use only in place names). ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > monastic property (general) > monastery or convent > parts of monastery > [noun] > outer court foreigns1668 1668 J. Wilkes in R. Willis Archit. Hist. Monastery Christ Church Canterbury (1869) 152 Y^e forrins. 1799 E. Hasted Hist. Kent IV. 575 The space of ground without or foreign to it [sc. the jurisdiction of the church] called the Foreigns, now vulgarly the Follings. 1863 Papers Read Royal Instit. Brit. Architects 70 The Brew-house, the Bake-house,..[etc.], all situated in or adjoining the Foreigns, the garden before his hall door and the wine-cellars. 4. A foreign country; overseas. Frequently in in foreign, from foreign. Now chiefly Caribbean, South Asian, and West African.In ah foreign in quot. 1992 with a prep.¹ ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adverb] > in or to foreign land(s) beyond the seasc900 without1297 o brodea1400 on brodea1400 abroada1450 overseas1583 oversea1616 in foreigna1640 foreign1813 over sea1845 exterritorially1853 out foreign1895 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [noun] > foreign land > foreign parts foreigna1640 overseas1793 abroad1866 a1640 J. Fletcher et al. Queene of Corinth iii. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Bbbbbb2/1 One that hath, As people say, in forraigne pleasur'd him. 1859 Caledonian Mercury 12 Sept. The arrivals at this port during the last week amounted to 51, 28 being from foreign and 23 coastwise. 1907 A. Quiller-Couch Major Vigoureux ix. 90 I was thinking that—she being from foreign and the Islands the first place she've touched at—I might pick up a bravish order in the way of fresh milk and eggs. 1986 O. Senior Summer Lightning & Other Stories 21 ‘What? Yu plan to go to foreign?’ ‘What else? Dont I have mother, dont I have father in foreign?’ 1992 V. Headley Yardie (1993) 108 Once you reach ah foreign, you can never tell how long before you come pack. 2003 K. Daswani For Matrimonial Purposes (U.K. ed.) 200 Simi is Vikram's aunt, his maasi. He must have come from foreign for the wedding. 2010 K. Miller Last Warner Woman ii. 144 Sharon never did reach foreign. 5. colloquial. Military service undertaken in a foreign country; = foreign service n. 2. Now rare. ΚΠ 1955 G. Freeman Liberty Man i. iii. 49 ‘On leave, Jack?’ ‘Yeah... Just back from foreign.’ 1962 Times 13 Feb. 12/6 I had tried to explain I'd just arrived from ‘foreign’. 6. A foreign language.Often used humorously or with dismissive connotations. ΚΠ 1971 P. O'Donnell Impossible Virgin v. 103 He was a foreigner, and he babbled in foreign. 2001 C. Glazebrook Madolescents 95 I check out the menu but it's all in foreign. They're no chips, no burgers, nothing decent at all. Call this a restaurant? ‘Try a korma,’ he says. 2005 S. Brett in A. Perry Thou shalt not Kill 10 ‘Cherchez la femme,’ said the Inspector... ‘I'm sorry. I don't speak foreign.’ C. adv. 1. Nautical and regional. Abroad, overseas; for foreign parts. Also: to another part of the country. Frequently in to go foreign, to sail foreign. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adverb] > in or to foreign land(s) beyond the seasc900 without1297 o brodea1400 on brodea1400 abroada1450 overseas1583 oversea1616 in foreigna1640 foreign1813 over sea1845 exterritorially1853 out foreign1895 1813 Hampshire Chron. 15 Mar. The latter ship is ordered to fit foreign. 1840 F. Marryat Poor Jack xiii. 89 In consequence of our being about to sail foreign. 1888 S. Baring-Gould Richard Cable II. xxxviii. 253 Her mother had chosen to desert the house of her childhood and ‘go foreign’; and Mrs. Cable was foreign born and bred; she did not even speak like a Cornish woman. 1896 ‘G. Setoun’ Robert Urquhart (U.S. ed.) xxiii. 242 His regiment's ordered foreign soon—India or Africa, I forget. 1938 Yachting Monthly Mar. 452/2 A tabloid cruiser that goes foreign ought to be registered. 1986 T. Murphy Bailegangaire ii, in Plays: 2 (1993) 164 Her soft Willie was her pet went foreign after the others. 2012 SNL Daily Coal Rep. (Nexis) 3 Sept. The vessel was allowed to discharge her cargo and sail foreign. 2019 B. Evaristo Girl Woman Other (2020) iii. 268 We was just two people who went foreign. 2. regional (now chiefly Irish English). out foreign: abroad, overseas. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adverb] > in or to foreign land(s) beyond the seasc900 without1297 o brodea1400 on brodea1400 abroada1450 overseas1583 oversea1616 in foreigna1640 foreign1813 over sea1845 exterritorially1853 out foreign1895 1895 M. Downe Essex Ballads 27 He bin out forrin nigh on twenty year. 1913 Pall Mall Mag. Sept. 313 At last he sold his farm and went out foreign. 1951 Irish Writing Mar. 62 The eldest son..was awful..and the other was gone out foreign. 2002 J. McGahern That they may face Rising Sun (2003) 145 They'd want to go out foreign. To Italy or somewhere. 2012 D. Ryan Spinning Heart (2013) 121 He'll never know how close he came to being shipped back out foreign. Compounds C1. a. Modifying past participles with the sense ‘in or by a foreign country; by a foreign company or foreign interests’, as in foreign-based, foreign-born, foreign-built, foreign-controlled, foreign-grown, foreign-made, foreign-owned, foreign-trained, foreign-wrought, etc. ΚΠ 1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. xxx Lawes..againste..foren wrought wares. 1678 A. Marvell Acct. Growth Popery (new ed.) 64 The Agatha, Foreign built, 250 Tuns. 1794 W. Godwin Caleb Williams I. iii. 48 Such a ridiculous piece of goods as this outlandish, foreign-made Englishman. 1856 J. P. Hambleton H. A. Wise 57 Both the Alien and Sedition laws were intended for the oppression of foreign born citizens. 1878 A. L. Perry Elements Polit. Econ. (new ed.) 556 American-built but foreign-owned ships. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 16 June 1/3 A foreign-controlled department of public works. 1898 Daily News 5 Nov. 6/3 The commander of the foreign drilled troops. 1905 Daily Chron. 22 Nov. 6/3 Our corn is part home-grown and part foreign-grown. 1940 J. H. Jagger Eng. in Future 124 Native-born with one parent foreign-born. 1995 Financial Post (Canada) 30 Sept. 36/3 The heat is on foreign-based corporations in the U.S. to show that business conducted with the parent company is done at fair market value. 2000 M. Ondaatje Anil's Ghost 25 She was sure that this choice of subject was intentional—to level the playing field between the foreign-trained and the locally trained. 2005 Pilot Oct. 36/3 Foreign-registered aircraft cannot be used for commercial purposes in the UK. b. Forming adjectives with the sense ‘that has or is from a foreign ——’, by combining with a noun + -ed, as in foreign-flagged, foreign-flavoured, foreign-foliaged, foreign-nationed, etc. ΚΠ 1599 R. Linche Fountaine Anc. Fiction sig. H^v The vncertaine steps of forren-nationed pilgrimes. 1642 R. Gardiner Serm. appointed for St. Pauls Crosse 25 False-hearted, forraine-hearted Papists I meane, who have a tongue for the King, and a heart for his enemies. 1881 S. M. Hageman Once xviii. 164 Watching..at all the wharves from which foreign-flagged ships go out. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer II. vii. 87 The vast foreign-foliaged, primeval forests. 2000 D. Adebayo My Once upon Time (2001) iii. 58 A foreign-flavoured name, as was the fashion. 2010 Jewish Chron. 8 Oct. 22/1 Scenes of Caesar's foreign-tongued nonsense patter are now among the most popular videos on YouTube. c. With present participles, forming adjectives in which foreign expresses the complement of the underlying verb, as in foreign-looking, foreign-sounding, etc. ΚΠ 1786 tr. J. R. Forster Hist. Voy. & Discov. North ii. 249 Constantine..cites some foreign sounding words [Ger. einige fremdlautende Worte]. 1830 M. R. Mitford Our Village (1863) IV. 213 A dark, sallow, foreign-looking personage. 1904 Canad. Grocer 19 Feb. 12/1 When we had a foreign tasting fritter I supposed it to be some Chinese bean paste, or perhaps a fried oyster. 1921 B. Ruck Arrant Rover (U.S. ed.) x. 151 Something swathed and wound about in rolls of foreign-smelling muslin. 1989 P. Farmer Thicker than Water (1991) xi. 151 I'd wondered how anyone so weird and dark and foreign-looking could be my cousin in the first place. 2020 Globe & Mail (Canada) (Nexis) 22 Aug. (Ontario ed.) p7 He suffered..at the hands of Canadian schoolchildren who made fun of his foreign-sounding name. C2. foreign agent n. a person who represents or acts on behalf of one country while located in another; (in later use spec.) a person who works secretly to obtain information for a foreign government; a spy. ΘΚΠ society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > one who acts for another procuratorc1300 proctor1301 attorney1347 provisora1393 assignee1419 procuracya1425 solicitorc1425 factor1445 soliciter1464 doer1465 umbothman1482 agent1523 assign1526 procurera1533 practitioner1560 proxy1585 pragmatic1593 procureur1604 pragmatitioner1607 foreign agent1646 institor1657 agent general1659 proxy-man1696 interestera1701 maat1824 the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > [noun] > a secret observer, spy > secret agent intelligencer1540 intelligentiary1577 under-puller1682 agent1804 foreign agent1822 operative1901 spook1942 under-cover1962 Abwehr agent1990 1646 Answer of Commons to Scots Commissioners Papers (House of Commons) 4 Dec. 25 Since our Covenant and Treaty we have not received any Dignities or Offices from the King, nor suffered any Forraign Agents to interpose in this Cause. 1735 Detection of Falshood, Abuse & Misrepresentations 60 [He]..devoted his whole Conversation to slander that Government which he professes to serve, and made himself the Ear-wig of every Foreign Agent, to insinuate Lyes, and propagate Scandal in all the Courts of Europe. 1822 St. James's Chron. 3–5 Jan. The intrigues of foreign agents against liberty and the throne. 1939 Life 7 Aug. 13/2 Espionage investigations have now taken precedence... More than 10,000 foreign agents, according to Bureau estimates, are now operating in the U.S. 2003 Time 3 Feb. 26/1 The yearlong course..to learn such skills of the trade as infiltrating hostile countries, communicating in codes..and recruiting foreign agents. foreign aid n. help given to a country by another country; esp. economic assistance given to a poor or underdeveloped country by another country, or supplies of food and medicine given by one country to another to alleviate the effects of a natural disaster, war, etc.Usage of the term increased significantly from the mid-1940s onwards. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > types of help > [noun] > aid in want, pain, sickness, etc. > material aid > given by one country to another development aid1939 aid1940 foreign aid1946 1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. Pref. sig. †.v^v So muche encouraged by hope of forein ayde, at their owne doores. 1773 J. Home Alonzo iii. 47 Spain never would have sought for foreign aid To quell her foes. 1946 Somerset (Pa.) Daily Amer. 8 Feb. 6/2 For the long pull, the best foreign aid is prosperous trade. 1958 Spectator 17 Jan. 65/3 Congress would like to buy missiles with foreign-aid money. 2015 Daily Mail (Nexis) 20 Mar. The Government has committed itself to spending at least 0.7 per cent of GDP..on foreign aid. foreign apposer n. now historical an officer of the Exchequer responsible for examining the sheriffs' accounts.The office was abolished in 1833. ΚΠ 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Gg2/2 Forein Apposer (forinsecarum oppositor) is an officer in the exchequer, to whom all shyreeues and baylifes doe repaire. a1726 G. Gilbert Hist. View Court of Exchequer (1738) v. 108 A new Officer, before whom the Sheriff was to account on his Process, who is called the Foreign Apposer. 1811 in 2nd Rep. Rec. Irel. 141 A Transcript of the Process..lodged with the Transcriptor and Foreign Apposer, previously to passing his Accounts for the year of his Sheriffalty. 2016 S. Gunn Henry VII's New Men & Making Tudor Eng. v. 84 At his funeral, he was mourned by the second baron, William Wotton, the foreign apposer, Thomas Pymme, [etc.]. foreign attachment n. Law a judicial process by which the property (but not the real estate) of a debtor may be attached or legally seized while in the possession of a third person or trustee, for the benefit of the creditor; = trustee process n. at trustee n. Compounds. ΚΠ 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Gg2/2 Forein attachement (attachiamentum forinsecum) is an attachement of foriners goods..for the satisfaction of some citizen, to whome the said foriner oweth money. 1685 J. Keble Rep. King's Bench 2 132 The Defendant pleads a forein attachment in London of 50 li. 1800 C. Durnford & E. H. East Rep. Cases King's Bench VIII. 417 A foreign attachment in the Mayor's court at the suit of the plaintiff. 2009 Virginia Law Rev. 95 1236 Many states..were well known to permit foreign attachments or other practices that conferred jurisdiction on state courts without actual notice or personal service to the defendant. foreign body n. Medicine an object or substance that has entered the body from outside. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > growth or excrescence > [noun] > foreign body or artefact foreign body1672 artefact1872 1672 R. Wiseman Treat. Wounds ii. ii. 6 The Part is at first dressing, with what diligence you can, to be cleared of all such Forraign Bodies, as have made violent Intrusion into it. 1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 123 I discovered, by the probe, this foreign body. 1898 Daily News 30 Nov. 8/1 The presence of the ‘foreign body’—a disguising euphemism for half an ounce..of lead entering a man at great velocity. 1964 S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 14) xxvi. 375 Foreign bodies,..particles of coal dust, emery, steel, etc.—may pitch upon the conjunctiva or..cornea. 2001 N. Jones Rough Guide Trav. Health ii. 211 Grazes on the eye, or corneal abrasions, and foreign bodies embedded in the eye (eg dust, wood or metal splinters) cause the symptoms of conjunctivitis. foreign devil n. derogatory (in China) a foreigner, esp. a European person; also in extended use in non-Chinese contexts. [Originally after Chinese fānguǐ ( < fān (derogatory) foreign + guǐ demon, devil); in later use probably also after yángguǐzi, now more common and used more specifically to denote Europeans ( < yáng ocean, foreign country + guǐzi term of abuse for foreigners, suffixed form of guǐ).] ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > the Chinese > [noun] > foreign > esp. European foreign devil1804 1804 J. Barrow Trav. China x. 591 The peasantry ran out of their houses..and bawled after us Queitze-fan-quei, which, in their language, are opprobrious and contemptuous expressions, signifying foreign devils, imps. 1835 Liverpool Mercury 6 Feb. 48/3 The Governor, indeed, threatens to put a stop to the trade of the ‘barbarians’, or ‘foreign devils’, such being the polite phraseology of the Celestials. 1937 E. Snow Red Star over China i. iv. 43 It was the perfect setting for the blotting-out of a too inquisitive foreign devil. 1965 P. Ordway Night of Reckoning (1967) ii. 39 Most of us foreign devils [in Spain] found seasonal rentals a very necessary source of additional income. 2000 T. Clancy Bear & Dragon iv. 69 He was immediately spotted as a qwai—a foreign devil—even before people saw his face. foreign direct investment n. Finance investment by a company in a country other than that in which the company is based; an instance of this; (also) the total amount of investment in any one country by companies from abroad; abbreviated FDI; cf. foreign portfolio investment n., inward investment n. ΚΠ 1929 Internat. Financial Position of U.S. (U.S. National Industr. Conf. Board) iv. 71 American direct investments in 1920 and 1921 were to some extent a manifestation of the same speculative state of mind... Before 1914, foreign direct investments in American properties were very large, but they were largely diminished during the war period. 1931 Economist 12 Dec. 1130/1 One of the major causes of Germany's present distresses is the wiping out of the savings of her middle classes, which rendered it necessary for her industry to be financed from abroad, either indirectly through her banks or by direct foreign investment in German business. 1941 L. Rasminksy in J. F. Parkinson Canad. War Econ. 91 The value of foreign direct investment in Canada, being defined as investment effective control of which is exercised in one external country. 2002 Wall St. Jrnl. 14 Oct. r4/3 The result is that renewed interest in Russia has yet to translate into big inflows of foreign direct investment. foreign fighter n. a person who goes to fight a war in a foreign country, esp. one who joins a group of fighters with whom he or she shares a political or religious ideology. ΚΠ 1856 G. M. Dallas Let. 25 July in Series Lett. from London (1869) 68 Droves of foreign fighters are rushing to Nicaragua; belligerents throng to hiss and shout at every public gathering. 1938 Scotsman 29 June 11 Withdrawal of foreign fighters in Spain.... Britain, France, Germany, and Italy will share the main cost of the scheme for removing foreign combatants from Spain. 2020 Toronto Star (Nexis) 26 Dec. a1 [He] has conducted numerous interviews with current and former foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq as part of his academic research. foreign film n. a film produced in a foreign country, now esp. one that requires the addition of subtitles or dubbing; a foreign-language film (also used as a modifier).In early use not a fixed collocation. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > a film > type of film > [noun] > other types romantic comedy1748 epic1785 pre-release1871 foreign film1899 frivol1903 dramedy1905 film loop1906 first run1910 detective film1911 colour film1912 news film1912 topical1912 cinemicrograph1913 scenic1913 sport1913 newsreel1914 serial1914 sex comedy1915 war picture1915 telefilm1919 comic1920 true crime1923 art house1925 quickie1926 turkey1927 two-reeler1928 smellie1929 disaster film1930 musical1930 feelie1931 sticky1934 action comedy1936 quota quickie1936 re-release1936 screwball comedy1937 telemovie1937 pickup1939 video film1939 actioner1940 space opera1941 telepic1944 biopic1947 kinescope1949 TV movie1949 pièce noire1951 pièce rose1951 deepie1953 misterioso1953 film noir1956 policier1956 psychodrama1956 free film1958 prequel1958 co-production1959 glossy1960 sexploiter1960 sci-fier1961 tie-in1962 chanchada1963 romcom1963 wuxia1963 chick flick1964 showreel1964 mockumentary1965 sword-and-sandal1965 schlockbuster1966 mondo1967 peplum1968 thriller1968 whydunit1968 schlocker1969 buddy-buddy movie1972 buddy-buddy film1974 buddy film1974 science-fictioner1974 screwball1974 buddy movie1975 slasher movie1975 swashbuckler1975 filmi1976 triptych1976 autobiopic1977 Britcom1977 kidflick1977 noir1977 bodice-ripper1979 chopsocky1981 date movie1983 kaiju eiga1984 screener1986 neo-noir1987 indie1990 bromance2001 hack-and-slash2002 mumblecore2005 dark fantasy2007 hack-and-slay2007 gorefest2012 kidult- 1899 Eden Musée Monthly Catal. Sept. 36 (advt.) The very highest perfection in animated pictures is demonstrated... All the latest Edison and Foreign Films, including the Spanish-American War Films, the Oberammergau Passion Play Films,..Etc. 1905 Daily Californian (Bakersfield) 26 Apr. 8/5 The ‘Rise and Fall of Napoleon’, the most expensive foreign film ever put out, will be on tonight. 1980 N. Y. Times (Nexis) 1 June xi. 8 We plan art shows, musical events, the ballet, lectures, school productions and foreign-film festivals. 2012 J. Erdal Missing Shade of Blue xxii. 124 Every two weeks or so I would visit my local arts theatre, which specialised in showing foreign films as well as cult movies, ancient classics and experimental cinema. foreign-going adj. (of a ship) having a foreign country as its destination. ΚΠ 1836 Preston Chron. & Lancs. Advertiser 16 Apr. With regard to foreign-going packet ships—most persons going abroad would prefer going by the great commercial metropolis of Liverpool. 1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. iii. v. 658 Masters and mates of foreign-going vessels. 2021 Nigerian Tribune (Nexis) 21 Jan. He..took command of foreign-going ships in Singapore. foreign national n. a person who is not a naturalized citizen of the country where he or she is living; = alien n. 1b. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > type of inhabitant generally > [noun] > non-native inhabitant > excluded from citizenship or privileges alien1549 foreign national1845 1845 C. White Three Years in Constantinople I. v. 134 They issued permanent berats or protections to natives, whereby the latter were placed upon the same footing as foreign nationals. 1921 Ninth Ann. Rep. Secretary of Labor (U.S. Dept. Labor) 209 The wife of a foreign national shall not be naturalized unless her husband is naturalized at the same time. 2004 Independent 22 June i. 8/2 Many migrants disappeared on arrival to Britain and he could not ‘guesstimate’ the true number of foreign nationals in the UK. foreign portfolio investment n. Finance portfolio investment in overseas companies, without taking a controlling interest (abbreviated FPI); cf. foreign direct investment n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > [noun] > specific operations or arrangements > share-buying activities subscribing1762 flyer1846 bearing1849 stagging1851 take-up1865 bear covering1881 straddle1883 portfolio investment1929 short covering1930 support buying1932 foreign portfolio investment1951 corporate raiding1957 leveraged1957 tender offer1964 buy-in1968 management buyout1977 bought deal1981 greenmail1983 MBO1986 bimbo1991 society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > investment > other types of investing or investment perpetual1833 fundholding1835 capital investment1842 floating1888 flotation1889 carried interest1908 ethical investment1915 National Savings1919 locking up1924 ploughing-back1924 foreign portfolio investment1951 inward investment1962 round-tripping1973 short-termism1986 1951 Far Eastern Surv. 20 85/1 Consider, for example, the case of foreign portfolio investment. 2003 Business Day (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 11 Feb. 8 There is a notion that foreign portfolio investment—in equities, bonds and money market instruments—is bad as it is volatile, but foreign direct investment (defined rather artificially as a share of 10% or more) is good. foreign secretary n. a government minister in charge of foreign affairs; spec. (in the United Kingdom, often with capital initials) the government minister who heads the Foreign Office (Foreign Office n. 2). ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > government minister > [noun] > minister in British government > of specific department Chancellor of the Exchequerc1330 Lords (Commissioners) of the Treasury1642 foreign secretary1734 Home Secretary1784 war-minister1790 oil minister1960 1734 London Evening-post 5–8 Jan. On Sunday Night last an Account arriv'd here, that the Foreign Secretary, who lately withdrew himself from this Kingdom, had been seiz'd at Rotterdam. 1837 S. Smith Wks. (1859) II. 280/2 If the Foreign Secretary were to retire, we should no longer be nibbling ourselves into disgrace on the coast of Spain. 1918 E. J. Dillon Eclipse of Russia xiv. 253 Lamsdorff was an admirable Foreign Secretary,..into whose ears all the momentous State secrets passed. 2019 Independent (Nexis) 6 July 6 Traditionally, the prime minister has overall control over the intelligence services but the foreign secretary oversees MI6 and GCHQ on a day-to-day basis. foreign taker n. now historical an officer of the City of London appointed to supervise certain street markets and attend to their clearing up.The name of the office arose from the fact that the foreign taker's duties could include seizing the goods of foreigners, i.e. those who were not citizens of the city (see foreigner n. 1). The office was abolished in 1744. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > other municipal officials > [noun] > municipal officials with specific duties > in London common hunt1535 foreign taker1618 street man1668 yeoman of the channel1708 1618 A. Munday Stow's Suruay of London (new ed.) 961 The Forraigne-Taker, to waite likewise on generall dayes. 1672 Act for Settlement & Well Ordering Several Publick Markets (Court of Common Council, City of London) 4 That the several Officers aforementioned, shall from henceforth be wholly discharged from the Charge of Cleansing and Carrying away the Soil of the said Markets, [etc.]..; and Richard Robinson the present Foreign-taker, and Yeoman of Newgate-market, [shall receive] the sum of three pounds every week, during the term of his natural Life. 1708 E. Hatton New View London I. Introd. p. xxxiv/2 There are also [in the Lord Mayor's household]..2 Yeomen of the Chamber... 1 Foreign Taker. 1718 tr. E. Lutwyche Rep. Resol. Court 2 576 There is a Custom within the City of L. to elect..six Freemen of the Company of Bakers, to be Foreign Takers to supervise all Spiced Cakes and Bread brought to the common Markets by any Foreigner, and to seise and send that which is bad to the Prisons, &c. 1850 W. Brandon Inq. into Freedom City of London 33 The office of foreign taker then became useless, and was abolished in the year 1744. 1991 I. W. Archer Pursuit Stability (2002) 202 The protection racket operated by John Pate, foreign taker. Derivatives ˈforeignly adv. in a foreign, strange, or unfamiliar manner; (also) in a foreign country. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adverb] > in or to foreign land(s) > in foreign manner foreignly1654 exotically1670 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [adverb] > in a strange manner uncouthlyc900 alangely1440 strangely1533 outlandishlikea1568 strangea1616 foreignly1654 unco-like1842 1654 R. Maddison Great Britains Remembrancer 8 The hazard that might befall in carrying of Treasure as luggage from place to place, which otherwise upon every severall Contract made to be paid forraignly, would be exported. 1838 Morning Post 9 July A fine house which he wishes to be finely and foreignly ornamented. 1873 Western Daily Press 17 June What would be the conduct of such men if others coalesced to force foreignly-educated or differently-minded clerks into their offices? 1880 G. Meredith Tragic Comedians II. i. 9 He rose out of his amazement..foreignly beholding himself. 1994 New Yorker 5 Sept. 85/2 Reputations and imputed events and events-to-come quivered and rippled foreignly. ˈforeignness n. the fact of being foreign, strange, or unfamiliar; foreign quality. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [noun] > foreign land > foreign quality peregrinity1591 foreignness1611 exoticness1631 exotism1811 foreignism1838 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [noun] > strangeness strangenessc1386 uncouthness1435 alangeness1440 estrangeness1549 unwontness1552 unkethness1564 foreignness1611 remotenessa1719 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Peregrinité,..forrainenesse. 1661 R. Boyle Some Considerations Style Script. 249 The Foreinenesse and Obscurity of some Texts. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda I. i. v. 78 His English had little foreignness except its fluency. 1880 J. Caird Introd. Philos. Relig. vi. 169 When a being or object reveals itself to feeling, it, so to speak, loses any vestige of foreignness or estrangement. 2011 S. Sahota Ours are Streets 206 He said something in Pashto, but when I just looked on, he peered at me more closely. He spotted my foreignness then. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022; most recently modified version published online June 2022). foreignv. Brit. /ˈfɒrᵻn/, /ˈfɒrn̩/, U.S. /ˈfɔrən/, /ˈfɑrən/ Forms: see foreign adj. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: foreign adj. Etymology: < foreign adj. Compare later foreignize v.Apparently unattested between the end of the 16th and early 21st centuries. rare. †1. intransitive. To become alienated or estranged. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > separate [verb (intransitive)] > grow or become foreign foreigna1425 foreignizea1661 a1425 in M. Day Wheatley MS (1921) 70 Come hoom aȝeyne, And þou schalt be as welcome now As he þat neuere dide foreyne. 2. transitive. To make (a person) seem foreign. Also: †to alienate or estrange (a person) (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > separate or isolate [verb (transitive)] shedOE depart1297 externec1420 deforce1430 sequesterc1430 enstrange1483 estrange1523 separate1526 alienate1534 segregate1542 foreign1598 excommunicate1602 stranger1608 dissociate1623 discorporate1695 disincorporate1701 atomize1895 twine1895 ghetto1936 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [verb (transitive)] > give foreign quality to foreignize1751 foreign2019 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Esternare, to alienate, estrange, forraine. 2019 @Eslanderkow 25 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 16 July 2021) Mo is a British hero. So lets not dilute his influence by ‘foreigning’ him. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022). < n.¹c1390adj.n.²adv.a1325v.a1425
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† foreignn.1

foreignadj.n.2adv.

Compounds

Derivatives

foreignv.

† foreignn.¹

foreignadj.n.²adv.