frequencyn.

Brit.

/ˈfriːkw(ə)nsi/, U.S.

/ˈfrikwənsi/

Etymology: < Latin frequentia: see frequence n. and -ency suffix.

†1. The state or condition of being crowded; also concrete a numerous assembly, concourse, crowd.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > [noun] > crowded condition or crowding

press?c1225

thronga1400

frequence1535

thrust1565

frequency1570

throngness1691

squeeze1802

crush1806

crowdedness1823

condensation1828

density1851

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered > large or numerous > densely packed together

threatc950

press?c1225

thring?c1225

threngc1275

throngc1330

shockc1430

crowd1567

frequency1570

gregation1621

frequence1671

push1718

munga1728

mampus?c1730

squeezer1756

squeeze1779

crush1806

cram1810

parrock1811

mass1814

scrouge1839

squash1884

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 277/2 The kyng commaunded all the..prelates of the church to be called, in a great and solemne frequency.

1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 179 [To] Pinnendene Heathe..the moste expert men of this Shyre..came in great frequencie.

1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 114 Nothing doth better temper the aire of any place, then the frequency of inhabitants.

1644 in J. Milton tr. M. Bucer Ivdgem. conc. Divorce Testimonies sig. A3 He was for two years chief professor..with greatest frequency and applause of all learned and pious men.

1723 State of Russia I. 209 The frequency of People at Moskow was extraordinary on this Occasion.

†2. The fact of occurring at short distances apart; numerousness. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [noun] > fact of being at short distances apart

frequency1656

1656 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age i. ii. vii. 45 The enemies army could not enter, in regard of the frequencie of great rivers.

†3.

a. The constant use or repetition of (something); frequent practice. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [noun] > practising habitually

hauntc1405

practicec1487

custom1526

exercise1551

accustomation1605

enurement1611

frequency1615

1615 J. Stephens Satyrical Ess. 69 The patronage of Plebeians..The frequencie of which custome made Nobilitie famous.

1682 J. Norris tr. Hierocles Golden Verses 14 Neither does this precept of honouring an Oath forbid us Perjury only, but also frequency of Swearing.

1688 S. Penton Guardian's Instr. 59 Oblige him to frequency of Writing Home.

1760 S. Fielding Ophelia II. xlviii. 248 The Frequency of Vice had deadened her Sense of it.

†b. Frequent intercourse, familiarity with (a person); constant attendance at (a place). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > [noun]

conversationc1340

dolea1400

repairc1425

fellowshipc1450

frequentation?1520

communion1529

society1531

commerce1537

commercement1537

society1538

trade1555

intercourse1557

company1576

intercommunication1586

interdeal1591

entertain1602

consort1607

entregent1607

quarter1608

commercing1610

converse1610

trucka1625

congress1628

socialty1638

frequency1642

socialitya1649

socialness1727

intercommuniona1761

social life1812

dialogue1890

discourse1963

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > haunting or resorting > [noun]

sokenc1000

hauntc1330

hauntingc1400

resortc1425

resorting?a1439

recoursea1456

repairc1480

frequentinga1555

frequentation1585

frequentance1593

frequent1631

frequency1642

frequentage1814

the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [noun] > accustomedness > familiarity with a thing > frequent or familiar use

frequentation1525

conversationa1626

frequency1642

conversea1652

1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell iii. 32 The greatest bane of English Gentlemen abroad, is too much frequency and communication with their own Countrey-men.

?1680 Ld. Capel Speech 26 Oct. in R. Chandler Hist. Proc. House of Commons (1742) I. 378 The French Embassador..,by his frequency at the Palace, had seemed rather one of the Family.

a. The fact of occurring often or being repeated at short intervals. Of the pulse: Rapidity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > frequency > [noun]

oftnessa1425

oftenness1565

community1595

commonness1597

frequence1603

assiduity1611

frequency1641

crebrity1656

frequentness1664

ofteninga1889

the world > life > the body > vascular system > circulation > pulsation > [noun] > types of pulsation

throb1597

fluttering1719

elevation1725

frequency1732

wallop1787

bradycardia1890

tricrotism1891

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered pulse or circulation > [noun] > rapid pulse

pulse1607

frequency1732

1641 Ld. J. Digby Speech in Comm. 19 Jan. 20 The frequencie of Parliament is most essentially necessary.

1696 tr. J. Dumont New Voy. Levant 226 Earthquakes..there happen'd four in one day..Nor does their frequency make 'em less dreadful.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 272 [They] increase the Strength and Frequency of the Pulse.

1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. viii. 67 I began..to be displeased with the frequency of his return.

1836 H. Smith Tin Trumpet II. 68 The diminished frequency of wars.

1883 19th Cent. Feb. 259 The ghastly frequency of the punishment of death tended to make people savage and bloodthirsty.

b. Physics, etc. The rate of recurrence of any regularly repeated event, e.g. a vibration; the number of times that it occurs in a second or other assumed unit of time. In Telecommunications, the number of cycles per second of the carrier wave of a transmission; hence loosely, a frequency band, a channel. Also, a signal, or a component of a signal, having a frequency of a certain value or in a certain range.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > types of motion > [noun] > vibration or oscillation > frequency

frequence1749

frequency1832

periodicity1900

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > [noun] > frequency

frequency1893

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric current > alternating current > [noun] > rate of recurrence

frequency1893

periodicity1900

society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > signal > frequency or band of frequencies

high frequency1842

low frequency1900

voice frequency1905

audio frequency1913

pulsatance1919

medium frequency1920

side frequency1920

intermediate frequency1924

bass1930

frequency1943

frequency spectrum1955

1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic ix. 229 The pitch or frequency of vibration constituting the note.

1835 Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1834 315 The colour of the light is supposed to be determined by the frequency of the ethereal vibrations, or by the length of the wave.

1881 Nature No. 616. 359 If the notes c′ and d″ are sounded together, their frequencies being in the ratio 8:9.

1893 Times 11 May 6/1 Alternating currents of high frequency.

1896 W. G. Woolcombe Pract. Work Physics iii. 69 Take the average of these numbers for each fork to represent the ratio of their frequencies.

1904 R. M. Walmsley Electr. in Service of Man I. i. xiv. 514 To a current which..would show + and - loops following one another with the same frequency as the loops of E. M. F.

1928 G. E. Sterling Radio Man. 22 If the alternating current has a very high frequency.

1943 C. L. Boltz Basic Radio viii. 133 A succession of such circuits will attenuate the higher frequencies so much that their amplitude is negligible.

1948 P. M. Morse Vibration & Sound (ed. 2) vi. 226 Corresponding to the physical quantities intensity and frequency are the physiological..quantities loudness and pitch.

1958 Radio Times 14 Feb. 3/2 To make sure that the BBC keeps strictly to the frequencies (or wavelengths), both in sound and television broadcasting, allotted to it by international agreement.

1958 ‘N. Shute’ Rainbow & Rose i. 7 We've been monitoring their frequency.

1962 Which? Feb. 41/2 Sound travels in the form of waves—rather like radio waves, but of a far lower frequency.

1962 Which? Feb. 42/1 The other VHF radios would reproduce frequencies higher than 4,200 cycles per second, but only at a lower volume.

1971 Daily Tel. 7 Jan. 14/6 Enough radio frequencies could be made available on the medium wave to satisfy commercial radio and the existing BBC local stations.

c. Statistics. The number of times an event or character occurs in a given sample; also (the relative frequency or proportionate frequency), this number expressed as a proportion of the total possible number of occurrences.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > sample > frequency within

frequency1854

1854 G. Boole Investig. Laws Thought xvii. 268 For if we substitute..we shall form the expression of that event whose probability constitutes the numerator of c, and the ratio of the frequency of this event to that of the former one..will give the value of c.

1857 London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 14 61 I have commenced collecting statistics showing the relative frequency with which the different simple letters, and various compounds of simple letters, occur in the English language.

1875 F. Galton in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 49 37 We may work backwards, and, from the relative frequency of occurrence of various magnitudes, derive a knowledge of the true relative values of those magnitudes, expressed in units of probable error.

1937 L. H. C. Tippett Methods of Statistics (ed. 2) i. 28 Frequencies and proportionate frequencies underlie nearly all methods of statistical representation.

1943 M. G. Kendall Adv. Theory Statistics I. vii. 165 The second approach seeks to define probability in terms of the relative frequency of events.

1950 W. Feller Introd. Probability Theory I. i. 18 The frequency of multiple aces in the hands at bridge.

1955 M. Loève Probability Theory i. 5 In a game of dice..‘double-six’ occurs about once in 36 times, that is, its observed frequencies cluster about 1/36. The number 1/36 is a permanent numerical property of ‘double-six’ under the conditions of the game, and the observed frequencies are to be thought of as measurements of the property.

1965 A. H. Roberts Statistical Ling. Anal. Amer. Eng. v. 60 These 8,103 words had a total frequency of 10,503,788 or ⅔ of the total frequencies of occurrence.

d. Ecology. A measurement of the way individuals of a species are distributed in a community.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > balance of nature > distribution > [noun]

cosmopolitanism1870

endemicity1886

endemism1886

bipolarity1896

radiation1898

zonation1898

frequency1913

provincialism1929

overdispersion1930

under-dispersion1935

provinciality1952

1913 C. Raunkiaer in Jrnl. Ecol. 1 24 Each species acquires the same degree of frequency as in a shoot-counting method if the frequency be expressed in whole numbers from 1 to 5.

1921 Jrnl. Ecol. 9 97 If we know the absolute degree of frequency of a species (that is the number of individuals belonging to one species growing on a large area Y) we can calculate the probable occurrence on every area (y) which is smaller than Y.

1932 Ecol. Monogr. ii. 478 Frequency is concerned with the uniformity with which the plants of a species are distributed throughout a plant community.

1932 Ecol. Monogr. ii. 479 The percentage is called the ‘frequency index’ of the species.

1964 K. A. Kershaw Quantitative & Dynamic Ecol. i. 16 The frequency of a species is a measure of the chance of finding it with any one throw of a quadrat in a given area. Thus, if a species has a frequency of 10 per cent then it should occur once in every ten quadrats examined.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

a. (In sense 4b.)

(a)

frequency characteristic n.

ΚΠ

1926Frequency characteristic [see frequency response n. at Compounds 2a].

1957 BBC Handbk. 49 Sound circuits have to be equalized in frequency characteristic.

frequency correction n.

ΚΠ

1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio i. 17 (caption) Between studio, continuity and transmitter there may be..switching centres, boosting amplifers and frequency correction networks on land~lines, etc.

1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 254 Frequency correction, the change in the frequency characteristics of a signal which is required to restore it to its original form.

frequency discriminator n.

ΚΠ

1935 Proc. IRE 23 1126 An automatic frequency control system will consist of two distinct units; a frequency discriminator or frequency sensitive detector that generates a bias varying with changes of the intermediate-frequency signal carrier frequency, and a control unit that is acted upon by this bias.

1943 Gloss. Terms Telecomm. (B.S.I.) 73 Frequency discriminator, a device for producing an output voltage approximately proportional to the deviation of frequency of a signal from a predetermined value.

1944 Electronic Engin. 17 196 The frequency discriminator..has only recently been finding its place in commercial radio receivers in this country.

frequency divider n.

ΚΠ

1938 S. R. Roget Dict. Electr. Terms (ed. 3) 141/1 Frequency divider.

1952 F. E. Terman & J. M. Pettit Electronic Measurem. (ed. 2) v. 196 By means of a chain of subharmonic generators (frequency dividers), one obtains frequencies of 10,000 cycles, 1000 cycles, and 100 cycles which have the same degree of precision as the standard frequency.

frequency doubler n.

ΚΠ

1924 S. R. Roget Dict. Electr. Terms 94/2 Frequency doubler.

1950 P. Parker Electronics xi. 374 A class C amplifier is sometimes used as a frequency doubler, by tuning the tank circuit to the second harmonic of the signal frequency.

frequency indicator n.

ΚΠ

1906 J. A. Fleming Princ. Electr. Wave Telegr. i. 42 One well-known form of frequency indicator is that due to Mr. Campbell.

frequency meter n.

ΚΠ

1906 J. A. Fleming Princ. Electr. Wave Telegr. i. 42 In addition to the voltmeters and ammeters..a frequency meter ought to be provided.

1957 B. L. Ginzton Microwave Measurem. viii. 389 The frequency of the unknown signal can be measured with moderate accuracy by an instrument called the heterodyne frequency meter.

frequency multiplier n.

ΚΠ

1933 K. Henney Radio Engin. Handbk. xviii. 462 Present practice favors the use of static frequency multipliers where it is desired to use an alternator of comparatively low frequency.

1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) V. 515/1 A lower frequency is generated in a crystal-controlled oscillator..and a frequency multiplier is employed to obtain the high frequency desired.

frequency raiser n.

ΚΠ

1893 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 5 May 624/1 We want..a frequency-raiser.., which shall transform the frequency, even as the induction-coil transforms the voltage.

1926 G. G. Blake Hist. Radio Telegr. 234 The main object of the foregoing frequency raisers has been to obtain an increase of frequency from comparatively low frequency alternators.

frequency range n.

ΚΠ

1936 Summaries Doctoral Diss. Northwestern Univ. IV. 180 Within any response-band the glottal note was lowered as the supply-tube was lengthened, the successive response~bands, or optima, covering similar frequency-ranges.

1962 Which? Feb. 41/2 We found personal radios had a limited frequency range, from about 220 to 3,900 cycles per second.

frequency teller n.

ΚΠ

1906 J. A. Fleming Princ. Electr. Wave Telegr. i. 43 Many other forms of frequency teller have been developed for practical use in connection with transformer working.

1941 S. R. Roget Dict. Electr. Terms (ed. 4) 144/2 Frequency teller, a name used, particularly in radio-communication for a frequency meter.

frequency transformer n.

ΚΠ

1893 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 5 May 624/1 The frequency-transformers hitherto used in the laboratory for purposes of research..are not practical for electric-lighting purposes.

1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 355/2 Frequency transformer, a static piece of apparatus (e.g. a transformer or mercury-arc convertor) which receives power at one frequency and delivers it at another frequency.

(b)

frequency-dependent n.

ΚΠ

1962 W. B. Thompson Introd. Plasma Physics ii. 14 Thus the plasma appears as a dielectric with a frequency-dependent dielectric coefficient.

frequency-multiplying adj.

ΚΠ

1962 J. H. Simpson & R. S. Richards Physical Princ. Junction Transistors xviii. 457 Using a frequency-multiplying circuit to increase both the carrier and deviation frequencies.

frequency-selective adj.

ΚΠ

1946 Nature 23 Nov. 759/1 Frequency-~selective attenuation by interstellar matter.

1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 245 Marked acoustic colouration in a studio may be due..to frequency-selective excessive absorption of sound.

b. (In sense 4c.)

frequency-count n.

ΚΠ

1956 J. Whatmough Lang. v. 73 The 20,000 most frequently occurring words (as ascertained by previously made frequency counts).

C2. Special combinations.

a. (In sense 4b.) Also frequency modulation n.

frequency band n. = band n.² 14.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > signal > frequency or band of frequencies > band of frequencies

sideband1921

frequency band1922

passband1922

waveband1923

S-band1946

baseband1952

guard band1956

vestigial side band1966

1922 Bell Syst. Techn. Jrnl. July 117 The method consists in analyzing the speech waves as impressed on a condenser transmitter, using a tuned circuit to transmit narrow frequency bands of energy.

1929 J. H. Morecroft Elem. Radio Communication iii. 82 The normal frequency band for broadcasting purposes is..from 550 to 1500 kilocycles.

1956 C. E. Tibbs & G. G. Johnstone Frequency Modulation Engin. (ed. 2) v. 106 Of the three major frequency bands, the v.h.f. band has been developed rapidly.

frequency changer n. a machine, circuit, or component that changes an alternating current of one frequency into one of another frequency; spec. in a superheterodyne receiver, the circuit or component that combines the incoming signal with that from the local oscillator to produce the intermediate frequency.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > signal > frequency or band of frequencies > frequency changer

frequency changer1902

frequency converter1909

1902 S. Sheldon & H. Mason Alternating-current Machines vii. 157 The synchronous motor necessary to drive the frequency changer.

1965 BBC Handbk. 116 For best results on short waves, a receiver should incorporate a tuned radio-frequency amplifier preceding the frequency-changer stage.

frequency converter n. a frequency changer.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > signal > frequency or band of frequencies > frequency changer

frequency changer1902

frequency converter1909

1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. 292/3 Frequency-converter.

1912 F. Bedell & C. A. Pierce Direct & Altern. Current Man. (ed. 2) ix. 291 The usual form of frequency changer or frequency converter consists merely of an induction motor and a separate driving motor.

1957 A. C. Clarke Deep Range xii. 104 This was a simple enough task for the sub's frequency converters; if he wished, Franklin could tune in to any sounds from almost a million cycles a second down to vibrations as sluggish as the slow opening of an ancient, rusty door.

1959 K. Henney Radio Engin. Handbk. (ed. 5) ix. 9 Semiconductor diodes are used over a very wide frequency range (a-f to microwave) as frequency converters.

frequency distortion n. distortion of a signal in which components of different frequencies are amplified or attenuated to different extents.

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society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > signal > distortion

blasting1926

frequency distortion1932

1932 F. E. Terman Radio Engin. v. 121 Frequency distortion tends to be greater as the amplification per stage is increased.

1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio xii. 214 Quite severe frequency distortion can and does go practically unnoticed by 99% of the general public.

frequency diversity n. the use of channels of different frequencies in a diversity system of communication.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > signal > frequency or band of frequencies > frequency response, reversal, or diversity

frequency response1926

inversion1930

frequency diversity1931

1931 Proc. IRE 19 531 Frequency diversity is effective due to the difference of fading times for frequencies differing by as little as several hundred cycles.

1964 Electronics Weekly 8 July 7/4 Frequency diversity is a standard feature of most microwave links... If fading occurs in the ‘working’ channel the telephone traffic..is automatically switched to the other channel.

frequency response n. the relationship between the output–input ratio of a device or system designed to transform or transmit oscillatory signals and the frequency of the signal.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > signal > frequency or band of frequencies > frequency response, reversal, or diversity

frequency response1926

inversion1930

frequency diversity1931

1926 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 64 1023/2 Perfect reproduction of the originating wave-form necessitates a system with a uniform frequency response or frequency characteristic at all volume-levels.

1932 C. L. Boltz Everyman's Wireless xi. 225 The frequency-response curve..shows a very severe resonance at just over 500 cycles.

1971 Which? Jan. 19/1 Almost all microphones had at least as good a frequency response as the tape recorders they were to be used with.

frequency shift n. used attributive (also absol.) to designate a method of radio telegraphy in which the carrier frequency takes either of two approximately equal values according as the signal is a ‘space’ or a ‘mark’.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > [adjective] > method of receiving or detecting signal

heterodyne1908

autodyne1918

autoheterodyne1919

superheterodyne1920

neutrodyning1924

superhet1926

homodyne1928

frequency shift1944

1944 Electronics Nov. 126/2 The bandwidth required by frequency-shift transmission is no greater than that required by the carrier make and break system.

1944 Electronics Nov. 127/3 Frequency shift can result in a much lower bandwidth than carrier make-break.

1959 Chambers's Encycl. XI. 471/1 A method of keying which is extensively employed with teleprinters is that known as frequency-shift (or carrier shift), in which the sender radiates continuously.

frequency spectrum n. the entire range of frequencies of electromagnetic waves, sound waves, etc.; also, the distribution of the energy of a wave-form among its different Fourier components.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > signal > frequency or band of frequencies

high frequency1842

low frequency1900

voice frequency1905

audio frequency1913

pulsatance1919

medium frequency1920

side frequency1920

intermediate frequency1924

bass1930

frequency1943

frequency spectrum1955

1955 F. E. Terman et al. Electronic & Radio Engin. (ed. 4) xvii. 591 When the instantaneous frequency of a frequency-modulated wave is varied in a more complex manner..the frequency spectrum becomes very complicated.

1962 Rep. Comm. Broadcasting 1960 5 in Parl. Papers 1961–2 (Cmnd. 1753) X. 259 The division by international agreement of the frequency spectrum into bands allocated to particular services forms part of the International Radio Regulations.

1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 269 Scale, division of the audio frequency spectrum by musical intervals (i.e. frequency ratios).

1968 C. W. McMullen Commun. Theory Princ. i. 10 The shape and dimensions of the pulse signal determine the frequency spectrum.

b. (In sense 4c.)

frequency curve n. a frequency diagram in the form of a continuous curve, with the variable taking any of a continuous range of values for each member of a large population.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > graph > showing frequency

ogive1875

frequency curve1893

frequency polygon1897

frequency diagram1925

1893 K. Pearson in Nature 26 Oct. 615/2 The asymmetrical character of certain frequency curves in physical and biological measurements.

1911 G. U. Yule Introd. Theory Statistics vi. 76 Such an ideal limit to the frequency-polygon or histogram is termed a frequency-curve.

1932 J. S. Huxley Probl. Relative Growth vii. i. 210 The frequency-curve for female body-length is unimodal.

frequency diagram n. a diagram in which frequency of occurrence is plotted against the value of the variable.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > graph > showing frequency

ogive1875

frequency curve1893

frequency polygon1897

frequency diagram1925

1925 R. A. Fisher Statist. Methods ii. 37 Fig. 4 is a frequency diagram illustrating the distribution in stature of 1375 women.

1931 L. H. C. Tippett Methods Statistics ii. 23 Frequency diagrams are useful as giving a visual impression of the characteristics of a sample.

frequency distribution n. a classification of the members of a population according to the value assumed for each member by some variable; a diagram or table showing the frequency with which a variable takes each of its possible values.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > distribution

distribution1854

random distribution1882

frequency distribution1895

probability distribution1895

Poisson distribution1898

binomial distribution1911

Student's t-distribution1925

sampling distribution1928

probability density1931

Poisson1940

beta distribution1941

Cauchy distribution1948

geometric distribution1950

1895 K. Pearson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 186 412 A method is given of expressing any frequency distribution by a series of differences of inverse factorials with arbitrary constants.

1911 G. U. Yule Theory of Statistics vi. 76 The manner in which the observations are distributed over the successive equal intervals of the scale is spoken of as the frequency-distribution of the variable.

1924 E. T. Whittaker & G. Robinson Calculus of Observ. viii. 165 The type of frequency distribution which is most familiar to the worker in experimental science is the distribution of the measures obtained by repeated measurements of the same observed quantity.

1948 New Biol. 4 29 We cannot interpret the change in mean until we have examined the type of scatter of the individual heights around the mean, that is what the statistician describes as the frequency distribution of heights.

1965 A. H. Roberts Statistical Ling. Anal. Amer. Eng. v. 44 Table 3 and Appendix VIII show the joint frequency distribution of word length by syllable and phoneme number.

frequency polygon n. a frequency diagram containing a (small) finite number of points that are joined to form a line composed of a number of straight segments.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > graph > showing frequency

ogive1875

frequency curve1893

frequency polygon1897

frequency diagram1925

1897 K. Pearson Chances of Death I. 273 If the tops of these lines be joined we obtain a frequency polygon.

1966 E. B. Mode Elem. Probability & Statistics ix. 123 The frequency polygon..gives a picture of the way in which frequency of occurrence varies over the complete gamut of values.

Draft additions March 2019

frequency illusion n. a quirk of perception whereby a phenomenon to which one is newly alert suddenly seems ubiquitous.Also called the Baader-Meinhof phenomenon (see Baader-Meinhof phenomenon at Baader–Meinhof n. 2).Cf. recency illusion n. at recency n. Compounds.

ΚΠ

2005 A. Zwicky Lang. Log 7 Aug. in http://itre.cis.upenn.edu (blog, Internet Archive Wayback Machine 10 Sept. 2005) Another selective attention effect..is the Frequency Illusion: once you've noticed a phenomenon, you think it happens a whole lot, even ‘all the time’.

2018 R. J. Hilton in J. Marques & S. Dhiman Engaged Leadership (e-book, accessed 25 June 2018) xiv. 244 The frequency illusion occurs when you buy a new car, and suddenly you see the same car everywhere. Or when a pregnant woman suddenly notices other pregnant women all over the place.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	frequency
释义	frequencyn. Brit. /ˈfriːkw(ə)nsi/, U.S. /ˈfrikwənsi/ Etymology: < Latin frequentia: see frequence n. and -ency suffix. †1. The state or condition of being crowded; also concrete a numerous assembly, concourse, crowd. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > [noun] > crowded condition or crowding press?c1225 thronga1400 frequence1535 thrust1565 frequency1570 throngness1691 squeeze1802 crush1806 crowdedness1823 condensation1828 density1851 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals > regarded as a whole or a body of people gathered > large or numerous > densely packed together threatc950 press?c1225 thring?c1225 threngc1275 throngc1330 shockc1430 crowd1567 frequency1570 gregation1621 frequence1671 push1718 munga1728 mampus?c1730 squeezer1756 squeeze1779 crush1806 cram1810 parrock1811 mass1814 scrouge1839 squash1884 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 277/2 The kyng commaunded all the..prelates of the church to be called, in a great and solemne frequency. 1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 179 [To] Pinnendene Heathe..the moste expert men of this Shyre..came in great frequencie. 1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 114 Nothing doth better temper the aire of any place, then the frequency of inhabitants. 1644 in J. Milton tr. M. Bucer Ivdgem. conc. Divorce Testimonies sig. A3 He was for two years chief professor..with greatest frequency and applause of all learned and pious men. 1723 State of Russia I. 209 The frequency of People at Moskow was extraordinary on this Occasion. †2. The fact of occurring at short distances apart; numerousness. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [noun] > fact of being at short distances apart frequency1656 1656 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age i. ii. vii. 45 The enemies army could not enter, in regard of the frequencie of great rivers. †3. a. The constant use or repetition of (something); frequent practice. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [noun] > practising habitually hauntc1405 practicec1487 custom1526 exercise1551 accustomation1605 enurement1611 frequency1615 1615 J. Stephens Satyrical Ess. 69 The patronage of Plebeians..The frequencie of which custome made Nobilitie famous. 1682 J. Norris tr. Hierocles Golden Verses 14 Neither does this precept of honouring an Oath forbid us Perjury only, but also frequency of Swearing. 1688 S. Penton Guardian's Instr. 59 Oblige him to frequency of Writing Home. 1760 S. Fielding Ophelia II. xlviii. 248 The Frequency of Vice had deadened her Sense of it. †b. Frequent intercourse, familiarity with (a person); constant attendance at (a place). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > [noun] conversationc1340 dolea1400 repairc1425 fellowshipc1450 frequentation?1520 communion1529 society1531 commerce1537 commercement1537 society1538 trade1555 intercourse1557 company1576 intercommunication1586 interdeal1591 entertain1602 consort1607 entregent1607 quarter1608 commercing1610 converse1610 trucka1625 congress1628 socialty1638 frequency1642 socialitya1649 socialness1727 intercommuniona1761 social life1812 dialogue1890 discourse1963 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > haunting or resorting > [noun] sokenc1000 hauntc1330 hauntingc1400 resortc1425 resorting?a1439 recoursea1456 repairc1480 frequentinga1555 frequentation1585 frequentance1593 frequent1631 frequency1642 frequentage1814 the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [noun] > accustomedness > familiarity with a thing > frequent or familiar use frequentation1525 conversationa1626 frequency1642 conversea1652 1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell iii. 32 The greatest bane of English Gentlemen abroad, is too much frequency and communication with their own Countrey-men. ?1680 Ld. Capel Speech 26 Oct. in R. Chandler Hist. Proc. House of Commons (1742) I. 378 The French Embassador..,by his frequency at the Palace, had seemed rather one of the Family. 4. a. The fact of occurring often or being repeated at short intervals. Of the pulse: Rapidity. ΘΚΠ the world > time > frequency > [noun] oftnessa1425 oftenness1565 community1595 commonness1597 frequence1603 assiduity1611 frequency1641 crebrity1656 frequentness1664 ofteninga1889 the world > life > the body > vascular system > circulation > pulsation > [noun] > types of pulsation throb1597 fluttering1719 elevation1725 frequency1732 wallop1787 bradycardia1890 tricrotism1891 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered pulse or circulation > [noun] > rapid pulse pulse1607 frequency1732 1641 Ld. J. Digby Speech in Comm. 19 Jan. 20 The frequencie of Parliament is most essentially necessary. 1696 tr. J. Dumont New Voy. Levant 226 Earthquakes..there happen'd four in one day..Nor does their frequency make 'em less dreadful. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 272 [They] increase the Strength and Frequency of the Pulse. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. viii. 67 I began..to be displeased with the frequency of his return. 1836 H. Smith Tin Trumpet II. 68 The diminished frequency of wars. 1883 19th Cent. Feb. 259 The ghastly frequency of the punishment of death tended to make people savage and bloodthirsty. b. Physics, etc. The rate of recurrence of any regularly repeated event, e.g. a vibration; the number of times that it occurs in a second or other assumed unit of time. In Telecommunications, the number of cycles per second of the carrier wave of a transmission; hence loosely, a frequency band, a channel. Also, a signal, or a component of a signal, having a frequency of a certain value or in a certain range. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > types of motion > [noun] > vibration or oscillation > frequency frequence1749 frequency1832 periodicity1900 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic phenomena > [noun] > frequency frequency1893 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric current > alternating current > [noun] > rate of recurrence frequency1893 periodicity1900 society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > signal > frequency or band of frequencies high frequency1842 low frequency1900 voice frequency1905 audio frequency1913 pulsatance1919 medium frequency1920 side frequency1920 intermediate frequency1924 bass1930 frequency1943 frequency spectrum1955 1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic ix. 229 The pitch or frequency of vibration constituting the note. 1835 Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1834 315 The colour of the light is supposed to be determined by the frequency of the ethereal vibrations, or by the length of the wave. 1881 Nature No. 616. 359 If the notes c′ and d″ are sounded together, their frequencies being in the ratio 8:9. 1893 Times 11 May 6/1 Alternating currents of high frequency. 1896 W. G. Woolcombe Pract. Work Physics iii. 69 Take the average of these numbers for each fork to represent the ratio of their frequencies. 1904 R. M. Walmsley Electr. in Service of Man I. i. xiv. 514 To a current which..would show + and - loops following one another with the same frequency as the loops of E. M. F. 1928 G. E. Sterling Radio Man. 22 If the alternating current has a very high frequency. 1943 C. L. Boltz Basic Radio viii. 133 A succession of such circuits will attenuate the higher frequencies so much that their amplitude is negligible. 1948 P. M. Morse Vibration & Sound (ed. 2) vi. 226 Corresponding to the physical quantities intensity and frequency are the physiological..quantities loudness and pitch. 1958 Radio Times 14 Feb. 3/2 To make sure that the BBC keeps strictly to the frequencies (or wavelengths), both in sound and television broadcasting, allotted to it by international agreement. 1958 ‘N. Shute’ Rainbow & Rose i. 7 We've been monitoring their frequency. 1962 Which? Feb. 41/2 Sound travels in the form of waves—rather like radio waves, but of a far lower frequency. 1962 Which? Feb. 42/1 The other VHF radios would reproduce frequencies higher than 4,200 cycles per second, but only at a lower volume. 1971 Daily Tel. 7 Jan. 14/6 Enough radio frequencies could be made available on the medium wave to satisfy commercial radio and the existing BBC local stations. c. Statistics. The number of times an event or character occurs in a given sample; also (the relative frequency or proportionate frequency), this number expressed as a proportion of the total possible number of occurrences. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > sample > frequency within frequency1854 1854 G. Boole Investig. Laws Thought xvii. 268 For if we substitute..we shall form the expression of that event whose probability constitutes the numerator of c, and the ratio of the frequency of this event to that of the former one..will give the value of c. 1857 London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 14 61 I have commenced collecting statistics showing the relative frequency with which the different simple letters, and various compounds of simple letters, occur in the English language. 1875 F. Galton in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 4th Ser. 49 37 We may work backwards, and, from the relative frequency of occurrence of various magnitudes, derive a knowledge of the true relative values of those magnitudes, expressed in units of probable error. 1937 L. H. C. Tippett Methods of Statistics (ed. 2) i. 28 Frequencies and proportionate frequencies underlie nearly all methods of statistical representation. 1943 M. G. Kendall Adv. Theory Statistics I. vii. 165 The second approach seeks to define probability in terms of the relative frequency of events. 1950 W. Feller Introd. Probability Theory I. i. 18 The frequency of multiple aces in the hands at bridge. 1955 M. Loève Probability Theory i. 5 In a game of dice..‘double-six’ occurs about once in 36 times, that is, its observed frequencies cluster about 1/36. The number 1/36 is a permanent numerical property of ‘double-six’ under the conditions of the game, and the observed frequencies are to be thought of as measurements of the property. 1965 A. H. Roberts Statistical Ling. Anal. Amer. Eng. v. 60 These 8,103 words had a total frequency of 10,503,788 or ⅔ of the total frequencies of occurrence. d. Ecology. A measurement of the way individuals of a species are distributed in a community. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > balance of nature > distribution > [noun] cosmopolitanism1870 endemicity1886 endemism1886 bipolarity1896 radiation1898 zonation1898 frequency1913 provincialism1929 overdispersion1930 under-dispersion1935 provinciality1952 1913 C. Raunkiaer in Jrnl. Ecol. 1 24 Each species acquires the same degree of frequency as in a shoot-counting method if the frequency be expressed in whole numbers from 1 to 5. 1921 Jrnl. Ecol. 9 97 If we know the absolute degree of frequency of a species (that is the number of individuals belonging to one species growing on a large area Y) we can calculate the probable occurrence on every area (y) which is smaller than Y. 1932 Ecol. Monogr. ii. 478 Frequency is concerned with the uniformity with which the plants of a species are distributed throughout a plant community. 1932 Ecol. Monogr. ii. 479 The percentage is called the ‘frequency index’ of the species. 1964 K. A. Kershaw Quantitative & Dynamic Ecol. i. 16 The frequency of a species is a measure of the chance of finding it with any one throw of a quadrat in a given area. Thus, if a species has a frequency of 10 per cent then it should occur once in every ten quadrats examined. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. (In sense 4b.) (a) frequency characteristic n. ΚΠ 1926Frequency characteristic [see frequency response n. at Compounds 2a]. 1957 BBC Handbk. 49 Sound circuits have to be equalized in frequency characteristic. frequency correction n. ΚΠ 1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio i. 17 (caption) Between studio, continuity and transmitter there may be..switching centres, boosting amplifers and frequency correction networks on land~lines, etc. 1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 254 Frequency correction, the change in the frequency characteristics of a signal which is required to restore it to its original form. frequency discriminator n. ΚΠ 1935 Proc. IRE 23 1126 An automatic frequency control system will consist of two distinct units; a frequency discriminator or frequency sensitive detector that generates a bias varying with changes of the intermediate-frequency signal carrier frequency, and a control unit that is acted upon by this bias. 1943 Gloss. Terms Telecomm. (B.S.I.) 73 Frequency discriminator, a device for producing an output voltage approximately proportional to the deviation of frequency of a signal from a predetermined value. 1944 Electronic Engin. 17 196 The frequency discriminator..has only recently been finding its place in commercial radio receivers in this country. frequency divider n. ΚΠ 1938 S. R. Roget Dict. Electr. Terms (ed. 3) 141/1 Frequency divider. 1952 F. E. Terman & J. M. Pettit Electronic Measurem. (ed. 2) v. 196 By means of a chain of subharmonic generators (frequency dividers), one obtains frequencies of 10,000 cycles, 1000 cycles, and 100 cycles which have the same degree of precision as the standard frequency. frequency doubler n. ΚΠ 1924 S. R. Roget Dict. Electr. Terms 94/2 Frequency doubler. 1950 P. Parker Electronics xi. 374 A class C amplifier is sometimes used as a frequency doubler, by tuning the tank circuit to the second harmonic of the signal frequency. frequency indicator n. ΚΠ 1906 J. A. Fleming Princ. Electr. Wave Telegr. i. 42 One well-known form of frequency indicator is that due to Mr. Campbell. frequency meter n. ΚΠ 1906 J. A. Fleming Princ. Electr. Wave Telegr. i. 42 In addition to the voltmeters and ammeters..a frequency meter ought to be provided. 1957 B. L. Ginzton Microwave Measurem. viii. 389 The frequency of the unknown signal can be measured with moderate accuracy by an instrument called the heterodyne frequency meter. frequency multiplier n. ΚΠ 1933 K. Henney Radio Engin. Handbk. xviii. 462 Present practice favors the use of static frequency multipliers where it is desired to use an alternator of comparatively low frequency. 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) V. 515/1 A lower frequency is generated in a crystal-controlled oscillator..and a frequency multiplier is employed to obtain the high frequency desired. frequency raiser n. ΚΠ 1893 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 5 May 624/1 We want..a frequency-raiser.., which shall transform the frequency, even as the induction-coil transforms the voltage. 1926 G. G. Blake Hist. Radio Telegr. 234 The main object of the foregoing frequency raisers has been to obtain an increase of frequency from comparatively low frequency alternators. frequency range n. ΚΠ 1936 Summaries Doctoral Diss. Northwestern Univ. IV. 180 Within any response-band the glottal note was lowered as the supply-tube was lengthened, the successive response~bands, or optima, covering similar frequency-ranges. 1962 Which? Feb. 41/2 We found personal radios had a limited frequency range, from about 220 to 3,900 cycles per second. frequency teller n. ΚΠ 1906 J. A. Fleming Princ. Electr. Wave Telegr. i. 43 Many other forms of frequency teller have been developed for practical use in connection with transformer working. 1941 S. R. Roget Dict. Electr. Terms (ed. 4) 144/2 Frequency teller, a name used, particularly in radio-communication for a frequency meter. frequency transformer n. ΚΠ 1893 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 5 May 624/1 The frequency-transformers hitherto used in the laboratory for purposes of research..are not practical for electric-lighting purposes. 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 355/2 Frequency transformer, a static piece of apparatus (e.g. a transformer or mercury-arc convertor) which receives power at one frequency and delivers it at another frequency. (b) frequency-dependent n. ΚΠ 1962 W. B. Thompson Introd. Plasma Physics ii. 14 Thus the plasma appears as a dielectric with a frequency-dependent dielectric coefficient. frequency-multiplying adj. ΚΠ 1962 J. H. Simpson & R. S. Richards Physical Princ. Junction Transistors xviii. 457 Using a frequency-multiplying circuit to increase both the carrier and deviation frequencies. frequency-selective adj. ΚΠ 1946 Nature 23 Nov. 759/1 Frequency-~selective attenuation by interstellar matter. 1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 245 Marked acoustic colouration in a studio may be due..to frequency-selective excessive absorption of sound. b. (In sense 4c.) frequency-count n. ΚΠ 1956 J. Whatmough Lang. v. 73 The 20,000 most frequently occurring words (as ascertained by previously made frequency counts). C2. Special combinations. a. (In sense 4b.) Also frequency modulation n. frequency band n. = band n.² 14. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > signal > frequency or band of frequencies > band of frequencies sideband1921 frequency band1922 passband1922 waveband1923 S-band1946 baseband1952 guard band1956 vestigial side band1966 1922 Bell Syst. Techn. Jrnl. July 117 The method consists in analyzing the speech waves as impressed on a condenser transmitter, using a tuned circuit to transmit narrow frequency bands of energy. 1929 J. H. Morecroft Elem. Radio Communication iii. 82 The normal frequency band for broadcasting purposes is..from 550 to 1500 kilocycles. 1956 C. E. Tibbs & G. G. Johnstone Frequency Modulation Engin. (ed. 2) v. 106 Of the three major frequency bands, the v.h.f. band has been developed rapidly. frequency changer n. a machine, circuit, or component that changes an alternating current of one frequency into one of another frequency; spec. in a superheterodyne receiver, the circuit or component that combines the incoming signal with that from the local oscillator to produce the intermediate frequency. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > signal > frequency or band of frequencies > frequency changer frequency changer1902 frequency converter1909 1902 S. Sheldon & H. Mason Alternating-current Machines vii. 157 The synchronous motor necessary to drive the frequency changer. 1965 BBC Handbk. 116 For best results on short waves, a receiver should incorporate a tuned radio-frequency amplifier preceding the frequency-changer stage. frequency converter n. a frequency changer. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > signal > frequency or band of frequencies > frequency changer frequency changer1902 frequency converter1909 1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. 292/3 Frequency-converter. 1912 F. Bedell & C. A. Pierce Direct & Altern. Current Man. (ed. 2) ix. 291 The usual form of frequency changer or frequency converter consists merely of an induction motor and a separate driving motor. 1957 A. C. Clarke Deep Range xii. 104 This was a simple enough task for the sub's frequency converters; if he wished, Franklin could tune in to any sounds from almost a million cycles a second down to vibrations as sluggish as the slow opening of an ancient, rusty door. 1959 K. Henney Radio Engin. Handbk. (ed. 5) ix. 9 Semiconductor diodes are used over a very wide frequency range (a-f to microwave) as frequency converters. frequency distortion n. distortion of a signal in which components of different frequencies are amplified or attenuated to different extents. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > signal > distortion blasting1926 frequency distortion1932 1932 F. E. Terman Radio Engin. v. 121 Frequency distortion tends to be greater as the amplification per stage is increased. 1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio xii. 214 Quite severe frequency distortion can and does go practically unnoticed by 99% of the general public. frequency diversity n. the use of channels of different frequencies in a diversity system of communication. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > signal > frequency or band of frequencies > frequency response, reversal, or diversity frequency response1926 inversion1930 frequency diversity1931 1931 Proc. IRE 19 531 Frequency diversity is effective due to the difference of fading times for frequencies differing by as little as several hundred cycles. 1964 Electronics Weekly 8 July 7/4 Frequency diversity is a standard feature of most microwave links... If fading occurs in the ‘working’ channel the telephone traffic..is automatically switched to the other channel. frequency response n. the relationship between the output–input ratio of a device or system designed to transform or transmit oscillatory signals and the frequency of the signal. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > signal > frequency or band of frequencies > frequency response, reversal, or diversity frequency response1926 inversion1930 frequency diversity1931 1926 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 64 1023/2 Perfect reproduction of the originating wave-form necessitates a system with a uniform frequency response or frequency characteristic at all volume-levels. 1932 C. L. Boltz Everyman's Wireless xi. 225 The frequency-response curve..shows a very severe resonance at just over 500 cycles. 1971 Which? Jan. 19/1 Almost all microphones had at least as good a frequency response as the tape recorders they were to be used with. frequency shift n. used attributive (also absol.) to designate a method of radio telegraphy in which the carrier frequency takes either of two approximately equal values according as the signal is a ‘space’ or a ‘mark’. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > [adjective] > method of receiving or detecting signal heterodyne1908 autodyne1918 autoheterodyne1919 superheterodyne1920 neutrodyning1924 superhet1926 homodyne1928 frequency shift1944 1944 Electronics Nov. 126/2 The bandwidth required by frequency-shift transmission is no greater than that required by the carrier make and break system. 1944 Electronics Nov. 127/3 Frequency shift can result in a much lower bandwidth than carrier make-break. 1959 Chambers's Encycl. XI. 471/1 A method of keying which is extensively employed with teleprinters is that known as frequency-shift (or carrier shift), in which the sender radiates continuously. frequency spectrum n. the entire range of frequencies of electromagnetic waves, sound waves, etc.; also, the distribution of the energy of a wave-form among its different Fourier components. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > signal > frequency or band of frequencies high frequency1842 low frequency1900 voice frequency1905 audio frequency1913 pulsatance1919 medium frequency1920 side frequency1920 intermediate frequency1924 bass1930 frequency1943 frequency spectrum1955 1955 F. E. Terman et al. Electronic & Radio Engin. (ed. 4) xvii. 591 When the instantaneous frequency of a frequency-modulated wave is varied in a more complex manner..the frequency spectrum becomes very complicated. 1962 Rep. Comm. Broadcasting 1960 5 in Parl. Papers 1961–2 (Cmnd. 1753) X. 259 The division by international agreement of the frequency spectrum into bands allocated to particular services forms part of the International Radio Regulations. 1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 269 Scale, division of the audio frequency spectrum by musical intervals (i.e. frequency ratios). 1968 C. W. McMullen Commun. Theory Princ. i. 10 The shape and dimensions of the pulse signal determine the frequency spectrum. b. (In sense 4c.) frequency curve n. a frequency diagram in the form of a continuous curve, with the variable taking any of a continuous range of values for each member of a large population. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > graph > showing frequency ogive1875 frequency curve1893 frequency polygon1897 frequency diagram1925 1893 K. Pearson in Nature 26 Oct. 615/2 The asymmetrical character of certain frequency curves in physical and biological measurements. 1911 G. U. Yule Introd. Theory Statistics vi. 76 Such an ideal limit to the frequency-polygon or histogram is termed a frequency-curve. 1932 J. S. Huxley Probl. Relative Growth vii. i. 210 The frequency-curve for female body-length is unimodal. frequency diagram n. a diagram in which frequency of occurrence is plotted against the value of the variable. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > graph > showing frequency ogive1875 frequency curve1893 frequency polygon1897 frequency diagram1925 1925 R. A. Fisher Statist. Methods ii. 37 Fig. 4 is a frequency diagram illustrating the distribution in stature of 1375 women. 1931 L. H. C. Tippett Methods Statistics ii. 23 Frequency diagrams are useful as giving a visual impression of the characteristics of a sample. frequency distribution n. a classification of the members of a population according to the value assumed for each member by some variable; a diagram or table showing the frequency with which a variable takes each of its possible values. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > distribution distribution1854 random distribution1882 frequency distribution1895 probability distribution1895 Poisson distribution1898 binomial distribution1911 Student's t-distribution1925 sampling distribution1928 probability density1931 Poisson1940 beta distribution1941 Cauchy distribution1948 geometric distribution1950 1895 K. Pearson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 186 412 A method is given of expressing any frequency distribution by a series of differences of inverse factorials with arbitrary constants. 1911 G. U. Yule Theory of Statistics vi. 76 The manner in which the observations are distributed over the successive equal intervals of the scale is spoken of as the frequency-distribution of the variable. 1924 E. T. Whittaker & G. Robinson Calculus of Observ. viii. 165 The type of frequency distribution which is most familiar to the worker in experimental science is the distribution of the measures obtained by repeated measurements of the same observed quantity. 1948 New Biol. 4 29 We cannot interpret the change in mean until we have examined the type of scatter of the individual heights around the mean, that is what the statistician describes as the frequency distribution of heights. 1965 A. H. Roberts Statistical Ling. Anal. Amer. Eng. v. 44 Table 3 and Appendix VIII show the joint frequency distribution of word length by syllable and phoneme number. frequency polygon n. a frequency diagram containing a (small) finite number of points that are joined to form a line composed of a number of straight segments. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > graph > showing frequency ogive1875 frequency curve1893 frequency polygon1897 frequency diagram1925 1897 K. Pearson Chances of Death I. 273 If the tops of these lines be joined we obtain a frequency polygon. 1966 E. B. Mode Elem. Probability & Statistics ix. 123 The frequency polygon..gives a picture of the way in which frequency of occurrence varies over the complete gamut of values. Draft additions March 2019 frequency illusion n. a quirk of perception whereby a phenomenon to which one is newly alert suddenly seems ubiquitous.Also called the Baader-Meinhof phenomenon (see Baader-Meinhof phenomenon at Baader–Meinhof n. 2).Cf. recency illusion n. at recency n. Compounds. ΚΠ 2005 A. Zwicky Lang. Log 7 Aug. in http://itre.cis.upenn.edu (blog, Internet Archive Wayback Machine 10 Sept. 2005) Another selective attention effect..is the Frequency Illusion: once you've noticed a phenomenon, you think it happens a whole lot, even ‘all the time’. 2018 R. J. Hilton in J. Marques & S. Dhiman Engaged Leadership (e-book, accessed 25 June 2018) xiv. 244 The frequency illusion occurs when you buy a new car, and suddenly you see the same car everywhere. Or when a pregnant woman suddenly notices other pregnant women all over the place. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1570
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