gabellen.

Brit.

/ɡaˈbɛl/,

/ɡəˈbɛl/, U.S.

/ɡəˈbɛl/

Forms: late Middle English–1600s gabell, late Middle English–1700s gabel, late Middle English– gabelle, 1500s 1700s–1800s gable.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French gabelle.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French gabelle, Middle French gabele (French (now hist.) gabelle ) tax levied on agricultural produce and other foodstuffs (late 13th cent. in Old French), salt tax (1342), probably < Italian gabella tax (although this is apparently first attested later: first half of the 14th cent.; however, compare the early post-classical Latin attestation below) < post-classical Latin gabella tax (12th cent. in a Sicilian source; from 14th cent. in British sources), salt tax (13th cent.) < Arabic qabāla tax, duty (see alcabala n.). Compare earlier gavel n.¹ (see note below).Compare Old Occitan gabela (12th cent.), Catalan gabella (late 13th cent.), Spanish gabela (a1516; < Italian), Portuguese gabela (1558; < French). Compare also Spanish alcabala alcabala n., which reflects a borrowing of the same Arabic noun with prefixed definite article al- ‘the’. Although etymologically distinct, the earlier gavel n.¹ shows both formal and semantic overlap with the present word: both nouns denote payments made to an authority or a superior (tax, tribute, or rent), and gavel n.¹ has Old English and Middle English forms with medial -b- (in Middle English probably due to influence from post-classical Latin gabulum).

A tax, esp. one levied on agricultural products and other commodities; spec. the tax on salt imposed in France, which was repealed after the Revolution of 1789. Now historical.figurative in quot. 1649.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > [noun] > on consumable goods > on salt

gabellec1440

saltage1611

salt-duty1710

salt-tax1792

c1440 in T. Arnold Memorials St. Edmund's Abbey (1896) III. 218 (MED) The Dangyld trybut..or any subsidye in the seyd towne, gabel or talliage..al schal be receyvyd.

c1450 (c1400) Bk. Vices & Virtues (Huntington) (1942) 34 (MED) Wikkede lordes..þat pilen þe pore folke bi talyages and gabels.

a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 131 Ffor wych cause the gabell off the salt, and the quaterimes of the wynes were graunted to the kynge by the iij estates off Ffraunce.

1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) iv. xxxiii. f. lxxxi^v The fourth counceylour [of the king] ben other that haue for to sene in special to gouernaunce of his propre goodes,..gabelles & customes.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. clv. 187 The thre estates ordenid..that the gabell of salt shulde ron through the realme.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. xiii. f. 95 The men..are not tributorie in any gabels or money taxes.

1632 P. Massinger Emperour of East i. ii. sig. C3^v No man should dare To bring a sallad from his country garden, Without the paying gabell.

1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar iii. §15. 137 The tribute which he demands are..Faith, Hope, and Charity; no other gabels but the duties of a holy spirit.

1681 S. Colvil Mock Poem i. 82 Like Massionella freeing Naples From Gabells put on Roots and Apples.

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters ii. 34 In France..on account of the heavy gabel or excise layed upon this necessary article, and the penalties inflicted to enforce the severe exaction; no man dares to purify salt for his own table.

1794 J. Gifford Reign Louis XVI 185 This was no less than the total abolition of the Gabelles throughout France.

1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi III. x. vii. 308 A gabelle was put upon wine and salt.

1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. ix. 156 With Cambridge the levy of this gabelle is regular.

1909 K. D. Ewart Italy from 1494 to 1790 ii. iii. 162 Much more disastrous were the gabelles, especially those on food, which were made to fall on the producer, so that by far the greater burden of the taxation fell upon agriculture.

1971 A. Molho Florentine Public Finances in Early Renaissance i. 3 A sum more than double that representing the communal income from the four major gabelles: the gate, salt, contract, and wine gabelles.

2002 M. Kurlansky Salt (2003) xiv. 232 The gabelous, the hated collectors and enforcers of the gabelle, were often crude and lawless men.

Compounds

General attributive and appositive, as gabelle house, gabelle man, gabelle tax, etc.

ΚΠ

1650 J. Howell tr. A. Giraffi Exact Hist. Late Revol. Naples i. 20 Other quarters of the Citty, where all the gabell houses [It. le case delle Gabelle] were.

1835 W. Peter Brief Appeal to Govt., in Behalf of Inhabitants of Ceylon 10 A great reduction of the duty might have been made in the Gabelle districts, without any diminution of the general revenue.

1837 T. Carlyle in London & Westm. Rev. Jan. 398 He flung gabelle-men and excisemen into the river Durance..when their claims were not clear.

1881 8th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Rep. & App.: Pt. I p. xvi, in Parl. Papers (C. 3040) LV. 1 Simon de Montfort's charter for the remission of gable-pence and bridge silver to the burgesses of Leicester.

1923 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 31 118 Any region in France which happened to be rich in salt or in the possession of a good harbor,..would be of especial value to the government because of the gabelle tax.

2009 N. Horesh Shanghai's Bund & Beyond 188 The three largest sources of government revenue..were excise on opium, alcohol, and gambling; salt gabelle duties, and the Maritime Customs receipts.

Derivatives

† gabelled adj. Obsolete rare liable to a gabelle or tax.

ΚΠ

1650 J. Howell tr. A. Giraffi Exact Hist. Late Revol. Naples i. 14 They wold buy no gabell'd fruit [It. frutti con gabella].

1663 F. Philipps Antiq. Præ-emption & Pourveyance for King v. 271 The Pesantry and lower ranks of that since Gabelled and over Salted people.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	gabelle
释义	gabellen. Brit. /ɡaˈbɛl/, /ɡəˈbɛl/, U.S. /ɡəˈbɛl/ Forms: late Middle English–1600s gabell, late Middle English–1700s gabel, late Middle English– gabelle, 1500s 1700s–1800s gable. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French gabelle. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French gabelle, Middle French gabele (French (now hist.) gabelle ) tax levied on agricultural produce and other foodstuffs (late 13th cent. in Old French), salt tax (1342), probably < Italian gabella tax (although this is apparently first attested later: first half of the 14th cent.; however, compare the early post-classical Latin attestation below) < post-classical Latin gabella tax (12th cent. in a Sicilian source; from 14th cent. in British sources), salt tax (13th cent.) < Arabic qabāla tax, duty (see alcabala n.). Compare earlier gavel n.¹ (see note below).Compare Old Occitan gabela (12th cent.), Catalan gabella (late 13th cent.), Spanish gabela (a1516; < Italian), Portuguese gabela (1558; < French). Compare also Spanish alcabala alcabala n., which reflects a borrowing of the same Arabic noun with prefixed definite article al- ‘the’. Although etymologically distinct, the earlier gavel n.¹ shows both formal and semantic overlap with the present word: both nouns denote payments made to an authority or a superior (tax, tribute, or rent), and gavel n.¹ has Old English and Middle English forms with medial -b- (in Middle English probably due to influence from post-classical Latin gabulum). A tax, esp. one levied on agricultural products and other commodities; spec. the tax on salt imposed in France, which was repealed after the Revolution of 1789. Now historical.figurative in quot. 1649. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > [noun] > on consumable goods > on salt gabellec1440 saltage1611 salt-duty1710 salt-tax1792 c1440 in T. Arnold Memorials St. Edmund's Abbey (1896) III. 218 (MED) The Dangyld trybut..or any subsidye in the seyd towne, gabel or talliage..al schal be receyvyd. c1450 (c1400) Bk. Vices & Virtues (Huntington) (1942) 34 (MED) Wikkede lordes..þat pilen þe pore folke bi talyages and gabels. a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 131 Ffor wych cause the gabell off the salt, and the quaterimes of the wynes were graunted to the kynge by the iij estates off Ffraunce. 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) iv. xxxiii. f. lxxxi^v The fourth counceylour [of the king] ben other that haue for to sene in special to gouernaunce of his propre goodes,..gabelles & customes. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. clv. 187 The thre estates ordenid..that the gabell of salt shulde ron through the realme. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. xiii. f. 95 The men..are not tributorie in any gabels or money taxes. 1632 P. Massinger Emperour of East i. ii. sig. C3^v No man should dare To bring a sallad from his country garden, Without the paying gabell. 1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar iii. §15. 137 The tribute which he demands are..Faith, Hope, and Charity; no other gabels but the duties of a holy spirit. 1681 S. Colvil Mock Poem i. 82 Like Massionella freeing Naples From Gabells put on Roots and Apples. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters ii. 34 In France..on account of the heavy gabel or excise layed upon this necessary article, and the penalties inflicted to enforce the severe exaction; no man dares to purify salt for his own table. 1794 J. Gifford Reign Louis XVI 185 This was no less than the total abolition of the Gabelles throughout France. 1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi III. x. vii. 308 A gabelle was put upon wine and salt. 1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. ix. 156 With Cambridge the levy of this gabelle is regular. 1909 K. D. Ewart Italy from 1494 to 1790 ii. iii. 162 Much more disastrous were the gabelles, especially those on food, which were made to fall on the producer, so that by far the greater burden of the taxation fell upon agriculture. 1971 A. Molho Florentine Public Finances in Early Renaissance i. 3 A sum more than double that representing the communal income from the four major gabelles: the gate, salt, contract, and wine gabelles. 2002 M. Kurlansky Salt (2003) xiv. 232 The gabelous, the hated collectors and enforcers of the gabelle, were often crude and lawless men. Compounds General attributive and appositive, as gabelle house, gabelle man, gabelle tax, etc. ΚΠ 1650 J. Howell tr. A. Giraffi Exact Hist. Late Revol. Naples i. 20 Other quarters of the Citty, where all the gabell houses [It. le case delle Gabelle] were. 1835 W. Peter Brief Appeal to Govt., in Behalf of Inhabitants of Ceylon 10 A great reduction of the duty might have been made in the Gabelle districts, without any diminution of the general revenue. 1837 T. Carlyle in London & Westm. Rev. Jan. 398 He flung gabelle-men and excisemen into the river Durance..when their claims were not clear. 1881 8th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Rep. & App.: Pt. I p. xvi, in Parl. Papers (C. 3040) LV. 1 Simon de Montfort's charter for the remission of gable-pence and bridge silver to the burgesses of Leicester. 1923 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 31 118 Any region in France which happened to be rich in salt or in the possession of a good harbor,..would be of especial value to the government because of the gabelle tax. 2009 N. Horesh Shanghai's Bund & Beyond 188 The three largest sources of government revenue..were excise on opium, alcohol, and gambling; salt gabelle duties, and the Maritime Customs receipts. Derivatives † gabelled adj. Obsolete rare liable to a gabelle or tax. ΚΠ 1650 J. Howell tr. A. Giraffi Exact Hist. Late Revol. Naples i. 14 They wold buy no gabell'd fruit [It. frutti con gabella]. 1663 F. Philipps Antiq. Præ-emption & Pourveyance for King v. 271 The Pesantry and lower ranks of that since Gabelled and over Salted people. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1440
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