gabionn.

Brit.

/ˈɡeɪbɪən/, U.S.

/ˈɡeɪbiən/,

/ˈɡæbiən/

Forms: 1500s–1600s gabbion, 1500s–1600s gabyon, 1500s– gabion, 1600s gabbioon, 1600s gabbioun, 1600s gabbyon.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French gabion.

Etymology: < Middle French, gabion (1543; French gabion ) < Italian gabbione (beginning of the 16th cent.) < gabbia cage ( < classical Latin cavea hollow, cavity: see cavea n.) + -one (see -oon suffix). The semantic motivation of sense 2 is unclear.

a. A container, typically a basket of wicker or brushwood (later sometimes of other materials), cylindrical in shape and open at both ends, designed to be filled with earth, stones, etc., and used esp. in military fortifications and earthworks. Now historical.In quot. 1633 as part of an extended metaphor.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > shelter or screen > [noun] > gabions or fascines

bavin1528

gabion1544

grand-maund1579

saucisse1604

sconce-korf1629

cannon-basket1630

sausage1645

chandelier1664

fascine1669

musket-basket1688

saucisson1702

fascinery1751

basket1753

1544 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1908) VIII. 283 For making of certane gabionis to be set befor the said artalȝe.

1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres v. 137 To place and fill the gabbions; to digge earth for the same.

1633 P. Massinger New Way to pay Old Debts v. i. sig. L3 With these gabions guarded, Vnloade my great artillerie.

1656 W. Davenant Siege of Rhodes v. 29 More Gabions, and renew the Blindes!

1747 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 437/1 The sapper..putting the earth which he diggs up into the gabion.

1788 C. Crauford & R. Crauford tr. J. G. Tielke Acct. War between Prussians, Austrians & Russians II. iii. 307 Gabions were placed on the ridge of the Glacis.

1828 J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner 229 There is also a smaller description of gabions, in the form of a frustum of a cone.

1910 Encycl. Brit. XI. 380/2 There are several forms of gabion in use, the best known being the Willesden paper band gabion and the Jones iron or steel band gabion.

1915 Sci. Amer. Suppl. 30 Oct. 284/2 The walls of trenches are kept at a steep slope by use of gabions, hurdles, fascines, sandbags, or sods of turf.

1987 W. G. F. Jackson Rock of Gibraltarians x. 153 The Spaniards had been piling up brushwood fascines and wicker gabions in large numbers in front of Fort San Phelipe.

2013 N. Murray Rocky Road to Great War i. 21 Support for fortifications in this sort of ground usually came in the form of wood supports, wicker panels, or gabions.

b. A large, usually rectangular, wire mesh container filled with rocks, stones, or other materials, originally used to prevent erosion, retain banks of earth, etc., and now also used as an architectural feature in building or landscaping.

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 932/1 Gabions filled with stones are used in civil engineering as defences for starlings of bridges.

1904 U.S. Patent 752,781 1/1 The invention provides a species of gabion or fascine for protecting banks, building sea and river walls, constructing wing-dams.., and for like work in connection with flowing water.

1961 J. Weeks Story (U.S. Dept. Agric. Forest Service) Along a turbulent stream, a Forest Service crew is busy filling wire enclosures or gabions with rock in order to stabilize the channel.

1989 Oil & Gas Jrnl. (Nexis) 18 Sept. (Technology section) 85 Gabions are generally used where the stone available is too small for use as erosion protection on its own.

1995 N. Hudson Soil Conservation (ed. 3) xii. 305 Prefabricated factory-made gabions use heavy duty galvanized wire and are long-lasting but expensive.

2003 Observer 29 June (Review section) 2/5 The most striking thing of all was the use of gabions... At Westonbirt they are filled with flints, logs, twigs and made into walls, partitions and seats.

†2. A valued personal possession, such as a small decorative article, antique, book, etc. Chiefly in plural. Obsolete.In early use recorded only in H. Adamson (see quots. 1638¹, 1638²), and later used by Scott with allusion to this.

ΚΠ

1638 H. Adamson Muses Threnodie f .3^v The ornaments of his Cabin, which by a Catachrestick name, he usually calleth Gabions.

1638 H. Adamson Muses Threnodie f. 4 (title of piece) Inventarie of the Gabions, in M. George his Cabinet.

1830 W. Scott (title) Reliquiae Trotcosienses: or, The gabions of the late Jonathan Oldbuck, esq. of Monk Barns.

a1832 W. Scott Reliquiae Trotcosienses (2004) i. iii. 40 The contents of the Linlithgow cabinet may likewise be afterwards inserted in their proper place among my gabions.

Compounds

C1. General attributive and appositive, as gabion basket, gabion material, gabion wall, etc.

ΚΠ

1622 tr. Iournall Siege Berghen-up-Zoome 37 A Marriner drawing downe with a Boat-hooke, the Gabion-baskets of one of the enemies Rampires.

1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia iii. ii. 291 There was..no good water neere, nor wood for necessary use, or gabion stuffe within three miles of it.

1754 J. Robertson Elements Navigation II. 613 To make a Gabion battery. Along the line pitch'd out for the battery, let the gabions be planted in the places where the merlons are to be.

1846 H. Straith Treat. Fortif. (ed. 4) xx. 417 In making the gabion bridge, each pier consisted of four gabions lashed endways together.

1854 J. M. Burgoyne Diary 11 Aug. in Some Bedfordshire Diaries (1960) (modernized text) 175 On the gabion party all day.

1875 Rep. Chief of Engineers in Rep. Secretary of War 855 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (44th Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 1, Pt. 2) II The contractor for gabion-material has delivered the largest portion of his material this month.

1888 Professional Papers Corps Royal Engineers 13 132 The embrasures in such gabion batteries were obtained by gradually diminishing the number of gabions in the rows in advance of the innermost line.

1915 Illustr. London News 4 Sept. 303 The work may take from two to four hours before the gabion-wall is finished, but with that the outer fortification of the mine-crater is complete.

1974 Proc. 17th Conf. Great Lakes Res. 193 A system of three gabion groynes set up to protect a 122 m long section of coast already subject to severe earth movements.

2001 P. J. G. Ransom Snow, Flood & Tempest x. 155 (caption) Repair works continue by night at the Polmont embankment slip... Gabion baskets are being filled to form a new bank for the burn.

C2.

gabion knife n. now historical and rare a knife used to cut the twigs, brushwood, etc., when making gabions.

ΚΠ

1829 C. W. Pasley Rules for conducting Pract. Operations of Siege I. 23 In gabions made of very small brushwood, the ends of the pickets should always be cut off... This is done by the gabion knife, not by the saw or bill hook.

1917 Infantry Jrnl. (U.S.) Mar. 549/2 Tools for Engineers: Each company carries in 2 tool wagons..18 gabion knives. 36 machetes. 4 mauls. [etc.].

1975 D. S. V. Fosten Blenheim 45/1 The pioneers carried a variety of tools including..adzes, mattocks and fascine and gabion knives.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	gabion
释义	gabionn. Brit. /ˈɡeɪbɪən/, U.S. /ˈɡeɪbiən/, /ˈɡæbiən/ Forms: 1500s–1600s gabbion, 1500s–1600s gabyon, 1500s– gabion, 1600s gabbioon, 1600s gabbioun, 1600s gabbyon. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French gabion. Etymology: < Middle French, gabion (1543; French gabion ) < Italian gabbione (beginning of the 16th cent.) < gabbia cage ( < classical Latin cavea hollow, cavity: see cavea n.) + -one (see -oon suffix). The semantic motivation of sense 2 is unclear. 1. a. A container, typically a basket of wicker or brushwood (later sometimes of other materials), cylindrical in shape and open at both ends, designed to be filled with earth, stones, etc., and used esp. in military fortifications and earthworks. Now historical.In quot. 1633 as part of an extended metaphor. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > shelter or screen > [noun] > gabions or fascines bavin1528 gabion1544 grand-maund1579 saucisse1604 sconce-korf1629 cannon-basket1630 sausage1645 chandelier1664 fascine1669 musket-basket1688 saucisson1702 fascinery1751 basket1753 1544 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1908) VIII. 283 For making of certane gabionis to be set befor the said artalȝe. 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres v. 137 To place and fill the gabbions; to digge earth for the same. 1633 P. Massinger New Way to pay Old Debts v. i. sig. L3 With these gabions guarded, Vnloade my great artillerie. 1656 W. Davenant Siege of Rhodes v. 29 More Gabions, and renew the Blindes! 1747 Gentleman's Mag. Sept. 437/1 The sapper..putting the earth which he diggs up into the gabion. 1788 C. Crauford & R. Crauford tr. J. G. Tielke Acct. War between Prussians, Austrians & Russians II. iii. 307 Gabions were placed on the ridge of the Glacis. 1828 J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner 229 There is also a smaller description of gabions, in the form of a frustum of a cone. 1910 Encycl. Brit. XI. 380/2 There are several forms of gabion in use, the best known being the Willesden paper band gabion and the Jones iron or steel band gabion. 1915 Sci. Amer. Suppl. 30 Oct. 284/2 The walls of trenches are kept at a steep slope by use of gabions, hurdles, fascines, sandbags, or sods of turf. 1987 W. G. F. Jackson Rock of Gibraltarians x. 153 The Spaniards had been piling up brushwood fascines and wicker gabions in large numbers in front of Fort San Phelipe. 2013 N. Murray Rocky Road to Great War i. 21 Support for fortifications in this sort of ground usually came in the form of wood supports, wicker panels, or gabions. b. A large, usually rectangular, wire mesh container filled with rocks, stones, or other materials, originally used to prevent erosion, retain banks of earth, etc., and now also used as an architectural feature in building or landscaping. ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 932/1 Gabions filled with stones are used in civil engineering as defences for starlings of bridges. 1904 U.S. Patent 752,781 1/1 The invention provides a species of gabion or fascine for protecting banks, building sea and river walls, constructing wing-dams.., and for like work in connection with flowing water. 1961 J. Weeks Story (U.S. Dept. Agric. Forest Service) Along a turbulent stream, a Forest Service crew is busy filling wire enclosures or gabions with rock in order to stabilize the channel. 1989 Oil & Gas Jrnl. (Nexis) 18 Sept. (Technology section) 85 Gabions are generally used where the stone available is too small for use as erosion protection on its own. 1995 N. Hudson Soil Conservation (ed. 3) xii. 305 Prefabricated factory-made gabions use heavy duty galvanized wire and are long-lasting but expensive. 2003 Observer 29 June (Review section) 2/5 The most striking thing of all was the use of gabions... At Westonbirt they are filled with flints, logs, twigs and made into walls, partitions and seats. †2. A valued personal possession, such as a small decorative article, antique, book, etc. Chiefly in plural. Obsolete.In early use recorded only in H. Adamson (see quots. 1638¹, 1638²), and later used by Scott with allusion to this. ΚΠ 1638 H. Adamson Muses Threnodie f .3^v The ornaments of his Cabin, which by a Catachrestick name, he usually calleth Gabions. 1638 H. Adamson Muses Threnodie f. 4 (title of piece) Inventarie of the Gabions, in M. George his Cabinet. 1830 W. Scott (title) Reliquiae Trotcosienses: or, The gabions of the late Jonathan Oldbuck, esq. of Monk Barns. a1832 W. Scott Reliquiae Trotcosienses (2004) i. iii. 40 The contents of the Linlithgow cabinet may likewise be afterwards inserted in their proper place among my gabions. Compounds C1. General attributive and appositive, as gabion basket, gabion material, gabion wall, etc. ΚΠ 1622 tr. Iournall Siege Berghen-up-Zoome 37 A Marriner drawing downe with a Boat-hooke, the Gabion-baskets of one of the enemies Rampires. 1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia iii. ii. 291 There was..no good water neere, nor wood for necessary use, or gabion stuffe within three miles of it. 1754 J. Robertson Elements Navigation II. 613 To make a Gabion battery. Along the line pitch'd out for the battery, let the gabions be planted in the places where the merlons are to be. 1846 H. Straith Treat. Fortif. (ed. 4) xx. 417 In making the gabion bridge, each pier consisted of four gabions lashed endways together. 1854 J. M. Burgoyne Diary 11 Aug. in Some Bedfordshire Diaries (1960) (modernized text) 175 On the gabion party all day. 1875 Rep. Chief of Engineers in Rep. Secretary of War 855 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (44th Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 1, Pt. 2) II The contractor for gabion-material has delivered the largest portion of his material this month. 1888 Professional Papers Corps Royal Engineers 13 132 The embrasures in such gabion batteries were obtained by gradually diminishing the number of gabions in the rows in advance of the innermost line. 1915 Illustr. London News 4 Sept. 303 The work may take from two to four hours before the gabion-wall is finished, but with that the outer fortification of the mine-crater is complete. 1974 Proc. 17th Conf. Great Lakes Res. 193 A system of three gabion groynes set up to protect a 122 m long section of coast already subject to severe earth movements. 2001 P. J. G. Ransom Snow, Flood & Tempest x. 155 (caption) Repair works continue by night at the Polmont embankment slip... Gabion baskets are being filled to form a new bank for the burn. C2. gabion knife n. now historical and rare a knife used to cut the twigs, brushwood, etc., when making gabions. ΚΠ 1829 C. W. Pasley Rules for conducting Pract. Operations of Siege I. 23 In gabions made of very small brushwood, the ends of the pickets should always be cut off... This is done by the gabion knife, not by the saw or bill hook. 1917 Infantry Jrnl. (U.S.) Mar. 549/2 Tools for Engineers: Each company carries in 2 tool wagons..18 gabion knives. 36 machetes. 4 mauls. [etc.]. 1975 D. S. V. Fosten Blenheim 45/1 The pioneers carried a variety of tools including..adzes, mattocks and fascine and gabion knives. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1544
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