Georgen.

Brit.

/dʒɔːdʒ/, U.S.

/dʒɔrdʒ/

Forms: late Middle English– George, 1500s Georg, 1500s Gorge, 1500s Joerge.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name George.

Etymology: < the male forename George, especially as the name of a saint (see St George n.).In by George and synonymous phrases cited at sense Phrases 1 perhaps partly a euphemism for by God and synonymous phrases cited at god n. and int. Phrases 3a. In sense 2a perhaps originally with reference to the shield of St George, which was the main emblem on all gold and silver denominations struck during the Commonwealth (these coins were demonetized in 1661, after the Restoration); quot. 1660 may either refer to a specific Commonwealth coin featuring this image, or generically to all Commonwealth coinage. Quot. 1688 (where the name is used alongside decus n., meg n.², and smelt n.²), may show a later reminiscence of this coinage, as may the later quots. 1699, 1719, and 1785, where the name specifically denotes a half-crown (40 Georges being equal to £5). In sense 2b, the coin was so called after the three British kings called George during whose reigns it was struck; compare louis n. Senses 3, 4, 5 show humorous uses of the male forename, although any specific semantic motivations are unclear; with sense 5, perhaps compare let George do it at Phrases 2.

†a. A decorative or ornamental representation of St George. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1474 Cely Papers in Eng. Stud. (1961) 42 133 [A] George off sywyr.

?a1549 Inventory Henry VIII (1998) I. 252/1 One litle pece of clothe of golde tissued with a george of Siluer tissue.

1554 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 144 My best syluer salt w^t the cover, hauinge a borrall in the bottome, and a George on the toppe.

b. spec. A representation of St George, typically jewelled or enamelled, and forming part of the insignia of the Order of the Garter; spec. (a) great (also greater) George: a figure of St George worn suspended from the collar; (b) lesser (also little) George: a representation of St George encircled by the garter and worn suspended from the ribbon or a gold chain.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > [noun] > piece or article of > specific

regal of Francec1440

George1506

watch George1614

1506 W. Makefyrr in Paston Lett. (1904) VI. 172 The Kynges aparell..a cheyn with a joerge of dyamondes.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iv. iv. 241 Now by my George, my Garter and my crown.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iv. i. 30 Looke on my George, I am a Gentleman.

1672 E. Ashmole Inst. Order of Garter 221 At the middle of the Collar before, is to be fastned the Image of St. George armed, sitting on Horseback, who having thrown the Dragon upon his back, encounters him with a tilting Spear. This Jewel is not surrounded with a Garter, or row of Diamonds, as is the lesser George, but made according to the representation in the Plate above, and called the Great George.

1675 London Gaz. No. 1026/4 Lost or stolen..an order of the Garter, or George, being a Cerdonix Stone..with a George engraven on the one side of the Onix, and a George enameled on the other side.

1724 London Gaz. No. 6284/2 Garter on his knee presented to the Sovereign the Blue Ribbon with the Gold or Little George, which His Majesty..put over the Left Shoulder of his Lordship..athwart under his Right Arm.

1788 New London Mag. 4 167 A convict under sentence of transportation..for stealing a George set with diamonds.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 615 At Chedzoy he stopped a moment to mount a fresh horse and to hide his blue riband and his George.

1869 J. E. Cussans Handbk. Heraldry (rev. ed.) xviii. 232 Another Badge is sometimes worn. This is a George, within an inscribed Garter.

1917 Burlington Mag. Apr. 143/2 This same finish is also found in association with enamel in a floral pattern on the back of a ‘lesser George’ in the collection of H.M. the King.

1964 C. V. Wedgwood Trial of Charles I (1967) viii. 218 He now took off his George,..and gave it to the Bishop with the one word ‘Remember’.

1997 Daily Tel. 22 Apr. 22/1 King George IV's Greater George was worn by Charles I, Charles II and James II... He also wore the great Duke of Marlborough's George.

2. slang.

†a. A coin, spec. a half-crown. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > half-crown or thirty pennies

mancusOE

half-crowna1549

George1660

St George1661

slate1699

trooper1699

tosheroon1859

tosh1912

half a crack1933

1660 Ratts rhimed to Death 65 When the Georges are flown, Then the Cause goes down.

1688 T. Shadwell Squire of Alsatia ii. i. 32 I make bold to Equip you with some Meggs, Smelts, Decus's and Georges.

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew (at cited word) He tipt me Forty Georges for my Earnest, he paid me Five Pounds for my Share or Snack.

1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth I. 313 Let's give 'em a George.

1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue George, a half-crown piece.

b. More fully yellow George. A (gold) guinea issued during the reign of George I, II, or III of Britain (1714–1820). Cf. George guinea n., George's guinea n. at Compounds, Geordie n. 1. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > guinea or twenty-one shillings

goldfinch1602

piece1631

yellow boy1654

Guinea1666

broad gold1688

meg1688

broad1710

George's guinea1721

yellow1722

canary bird1785

stranger1785

yellow George1785

Geordie1786

spade-guinea1853

George guinea1880

1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (at cited word) Yellow George, a guinea.

1786 R. Burns Poems 221 An' baith a yellow George to claim, An' thole their blethers!

1812 Sporting Mag. 39 139 A smart and scientific boxing match took place..for a George betwixt a gallant knight of the thimble..[and] Power the celebrated Pugilist.

1834 Dublin Univ. Mag. Sept. 268/1 Though England be's a main good place to live in..as long as a man has summut in his fob, it fares but badly there when the yellow Georges are lacking.

1904 M. Deane Rose-spinner xii. 99 ‘What do you want with twenty yellow Georges, you vixen?’ ‘To pay a pest of a manty-maker. She vows her brats are starving.’

1948 G. Heyer Foundling xvii. 259 ‘What do you say to fifty thousand Yellow Georges?’ suggested Mr. Shifnal winningly.

†3. Oxford University slang. A small loaf of bread. Also George Brown. Cf. Brown George n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > loaf > [noun] > brown loaf

Negro's head1670

Brown George1688

George1755

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. George, a brown loaf. Of this sense I know not the original.

1791 Ld. Jeffrey Let. 25 Oct. in Ld. Cockburn Life (1852) II. 3 Most of us choose to walk till nine o'clock, at which hour a George (that is to say a round penny roll) is served up, with a bit of butter..into each of our chambers.

1807 R. Southey Lett. from Eng. II. xxxii. 66 We had each a little loaf set before us, called by the singular name of George Brown.

4. U.S. colloquial. Used as a familiar form of address to a male stranger. Also: (Services' slang) an airman. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > love > terms of endearment > [noun] > familiar form of address

mon amic1425

matec1500

boy1532

old lad1594

old boy1602

captaina1616

mon cher1673

old chap1823

old man1828

ou maat1838

boysie1846

old top1856

boetie1867

bra1869

cocker1888

mon vieux1888

face1891

yessir1892

George1903

old sport1905

old bean1917

segotia1917

babe1918

bro1918

tovarish1918

old egg1919

midear1921

old (tin of) fruit1923

sport1923

mush1936

cowboy1961

coz1961

wack1963

yaar1963

John1982

1903 Cent. Mag. Nov. 86/1 Colonel Berry cheerfully undertook to hold a conversation with the coachman, whom he addressed as ‘George’, just as he always addressed cabmen and hotel waiters at home. ‘I guess you don't speak English, do you, George?’ he asked smilingly.

1911 E. L. Beach Ensign Ralph Osborn iv. 50 Just about ready to give it up and go back to yer ould job av sweepin' down the deck an' cleanin' spit kits, hey, George?

1925 E. Fraser & J. Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words 104 George, a colloquial term for an airman, corresponding to ‘Jack’ for bluejacket, and ‘Tommy’ for a soldier. Also used sometimes in the Air Force in addressing any stranger.

1925 Liberty Mag. 18 July 14/2 He..calls porters ‘George’.

1979 N. Porterfield Jimmie Rodgers (1992) vi. 108 I remember after the argument, Jimmie said, ‘All right, George, I'll just sing one myself.’ He called everyone George. And he left.

5. slang (originally Air Force). An aircraft's automatic pilot (personified).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > controls and instruments > [noun] > navigational instrument > automatic pilot

automatic pilot1916

autopilot1917

gyro-pilot1923

George1931

astronavigator1933

fly-by-wire1960

1931 Flight 30 Oct. 1082 ‘George’ is the automatic pilot about which there has been so much talk lately.

1961 Shell Aviation News No. 282. 5/2 Even if powered controls do all the physical work, if ‘George’ does all the ‘steering’,..the test pilot is the man who bears the responsibility, and is still irreplaceable.

1983 Listener 8 Sept. 5/3 ‘George’ is in charge, with an inertial navigation system to guide him.

1999 L. Morrison Of Luck & War xxvii. 140 Personally, I had little faith in George. Any time I had attempted to use it, the Lanc wallowed along uncertainly in the general direction required.

Phrases

P1. by George (also †for, †before, †fore George): used as an exclamation or mild oath. Also simply George!

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > oaths other than religious or obscene > mild oaths

by George1616

for, before, fore George1616

Gemini1664

dash my wig(s)1797

Jiminy1803

Christmas1882

1616 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) ii. i, in Wks. I. 20 Well! he knowes what to trust to, for George [compare iii. i. 29: By S. George].

1680 J. Dryden Kind Keeper v. i. 62 Before George, 'tis so!

1694 L. Echard tr. Plautus Rudens iv. iii, in tr. Plautus Comedies 199 By George, you shan't be a Sowce the better for what's in it.

1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical xi. 135 Before George I think our Family's made of Iron.

1785 B. Bidwell Mercenary Match v. 54 Capt. I'll fight no more in your defence. Sail. Nor I, by George.

1840 R. H. Barham Ghost in Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 103 'Fore George, I'm vastly puzzled what to do.

1885 ‘F. Anstey’ Tinted Venus 49 I mean what I say, by George I do!

1888 A. C. Gunter Mr. Potter i. i. 16 George! isn't it horribly lonely?

1919 C. Mackenzie Sylvia & Michael v. 207 By George! I shall have a busy day.

1987 G. Keillor We are still Married (1990) 12 So I read it and by George I couldn't put the sucker down.

2001 Sun 27 Jan. (Racing section) 3/5 By George, the Pillar Chase is a straight-forward race to sort out on the trends.

P2. North American colloquial. let George do it: let someone else do the work or take the responsibility. [Origin unknown.

It has frequently been suggested (e. g. by H. L. Mencken Amer. Lang. (1921) xi.) that the phrase is after French laissez faire à Georges, said to have been used by King Louis XII (1462–1515, king from 1498) with reference to his prime minister Cardinal Georges d'Amboise (1460–1510), to whom he entrusted much of the day-to-day running of the country. However, this French phrase is apparently not attested before 1805 (in L.-P. Anquetil Hist. de France V. 376, which may have been the first source to attribute its use to King Louis XII), although a variant laisser faire à George, c'est un homme d'âge is found earlier (1690; apparently last recorded in Dict. de Trevoux (1771)). Regardless of the origin of the French phrase, it is very uncertain whether there is any link with the English phrase, since the French phrase (in any form) appears to have been very rare by the date of the first attestation of the English phrase.]

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > get exemption [verb (intransitive)] > transfer responsibility to another

to whip the cat1793

let George do it1909

to pass the buck (to)1912

1909 Jrnl. Internat. Brotherhood of Boiler Makers 1 Aug. 476/2 Go to the meetings; take an active part as you do in your home; pay your dues and don't be a mollycoddle and think: ‘Oh, well, let George do it.’

1948 Chicago Tribune 10 Oct. (Grafic Mag.) 8/1 Producers have a way of saying ‘Let George do it’ whenever a particularly difficult villain role turns up.

1971 P. G. Wodehouse in N.Y. Times Encycl. Almanac 1971 448 It is the old, old story. Overconfidence. We tell ourselves, ‘Oh, I can't be bothered getting a divorce. They'll be plenty without me. Let George do it.’

1989 R. Wuthnow Struggle for America's Soul p. xiii The ‘let George do it’ attitude that comes with big government.

2010 Saginaw (Mich.) News (Nexis) 31 Jan. a6 People today are quite content to be entertained but have little interest in volunteering and helping out with museum business or research. Let George do it!

Compounds

George Cross n. (in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth countries) a civilian decoration for bravery instituted in 1940 by King George VI and taking precedence over all other medals and decorations except the Victoria Cross (abbreviated GC); cf. George Medal n.The George Cross is the civilian equivalent of the Victoria Cross; it may, however, be awarded to military personnel for acts of bravery for which military honours would not normally be granted.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > chivalry > gallantry > [noun] > decoration for gallantry

George Cross1940

George Medal1940

GC1941

GM1941

1940 Zanesville (Ohio) Signal 23 Sept. 1/1 He announced creation of a new British decoration for valor—the George Cross to be given for gallantry shown by civilians in ‘these perilous but famous days’.

1941 H. Brighouse in Best One-act Plays 1940 293 Philip. You can take it as official that you'll be recommended for the George Cross. Alfred. Crimes! That's the civilian V.C.

1966 Whitaker's Almanack 772/1 Malta was..besieged in the last war and again withstood the attacks... In recognition of the part played by the Maltese people, King George VI awarded the George Cross to the island.

2002 B. Hoey Her Majesty xviii. 275 And those who had helped to foil the kidnap attempt were rewarded by the Queen. Jim Beaton received the George Cross.

† George guinea n. Obsolete = sense 2b.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > guinea or twenty-one shillings

goldfinch1602

piece1631

yellow boy1654

Guinea1666

broad gold1688

meg1688

broad1710

George's guinea1721

yellow1722

canary bird1785

stranger1785

yellow George1785

Geordie1786

spade-guinea1853

George guinea1880

1880 Liverpool Mercury 14 Sept. 1/3 (advt.) Lost. on the 1st instant, a Ring and George Guinea.

1905 Westm. Gaz. 25 May 7/3 The finding of George guineas.

Georgemas n. [ < the name of St George, patron saint of England + -mas comb. form] a festival of St George, spec. = St George's Day n. at St George n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > specific Christian festivals > St. George's Day (23 April) > [noun]

St George's Day1443

St George's feast1480

Georgemas1833

1833 Aberdeen Jrnl. 28 Aug. At the Georgemas fair of Thurso a number of horses and cattle were exhibited.

1868 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 2nd Ser. 4 ii. 349 Buying..wether hoggs at the Georgemas tryst.

1937 Kerrville (Texas) Times 22 Apr. 10/1 At the synod held under papal auspices in Oxford in 1222, Georgemas was declared a holy day.

2006 Slavic Rev. 65 24 Brigand bands in the western Carpathians would..agree to reassemble on St. Adalbert's Feast—Georgemas.

George Medal n. (in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth countries) a civilian decoration instituted in 1940 by George VI for great acts of bravery which are nevertheless not outstanding enough to merit the George Cross (abbreviated GM).The George Medal may also be awarded to military personnel for acts of bravery for which military honours would not normally be granted.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > chivalry > gallantry > [noun] > decoration for gallantry

George Cross1940

George Medal1940

GC1941

GM1941

1940 Chester (Pa.) Times 23 Sept. 4/2 A second new award announced by the King is the ‘George Medal’ which will be for ‘wider distribution’ than the George Cross.

1959 Daily Tel. 24 Apr. 13/4 (heading) George Medal man gaoled.

1990 C. Allen Savage Wars of Peace (1991) 93 The battalion doctor—later to be awarded the George Medal—stayed at his patient's side throughout.

George noble n. [compare post-classical Latin georgius nobilis (c1470 in a British source)] now historical a noble (noble n.¹ 2a) bearing the figure of St George.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > noble or angel

noble1350

shipc1410

Harry noble1456

angel1469

rose noble1473

angel noble1488

George noble1526

gunhole angela1577

angel piecea1665

rose royal1688

1526 Veredite Standerdes of Coynes (P.R.O.: E 101/302/18) A newe Coyne called the George noble..to kepe the fynes of the said Angelle..and..to be curraunte for vj s. viij d.

1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. vi. 46 Whiles his George-Nobles rusten in his Chest.

1695 W. Lowndes Rep. Amendm. Silver Coins 21 Masters and Workers, Covenanted to make Two sorts of Gold Coins to wit..Rialls, Angels, George-Nobles.

1830 G. P. R. James Darnley III. viii. 175 He was to take the lady, the chaplain, and the waiting-maid, to Boulogne, for ten George nobles.

1981 Daily Tel. 19 Feb. 14/6 A George-noble..was in a box of coins given to the vendor as a boy by his grandmother.

George ring n. rare (now historical) a ring bearing the figure of St George.

ΚΠ

1709 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1886) II. 310 Having on them the Image of St. George they were call'd George Rings.

2005 P. Rogers Pope & Destiny of Stuarts v. 175 According to Thomas Hearne, it was the custom of knights to present family and friends with gold rings received at their installation. These usually bore the effigy of St George and came to be known as George rings.

† George's guinea n. Obsolete (more fully King George's guinea) = George guinea n.

ΚΠ

1721 Compl. Coll. Remarkable Tryals IV. 205 She said she had none; but at last own'd she had a King George's Guinea, and no more.

1772 J. Hanway Observ. Causes Dissoluteness 2 You do not profess being an Antiquarian in any sense, and therefore I presume that you have more reverence for a George's guinea, than for a William the Conqueror's farthing.

1858 E. Fitzball Michael Schwartz iv. 76 The secret drawer was also crammed with king George's guineas, to the amount of many thousands.

1892 E. Arnold Potiphar's Wife 121 The cloths she sheeted home..Now faded, ragged, frayed: As yellow as King George's guineas!

George Spelvin n. chiefly U.S. a pseudonym used to hide the identity of an actor; (also) a name given to a hypothetical average or ordinary man.The precise origin of the name is unknown; accounts of earlier use cannot be substantiated: see Amer. Notes & Queries (1947) Oct. 99.

ΚΠ

1908 Lowell (Mass.) Sun 5 May (Night ed.) 5/3 ‘Brewster's Millions’..was presented at the Opera House last night by the following star cast:..Steward..George Spelvin.

1916 N.Y. Times 1 Oct. ii. 9/7 What manner of man is this George Spelvin who jumps about the theatrical map with such amazing alacrity and plays more characters in a day than some actors do in a year? The truth is that George Spelvin..is a Broadway myth so generally accepted as to have become a Broadway institution.

1939 Washington Post 9 Feb. 11/1 He writes..a very high-learned type of knowing on this kind of thing, but does it in a language that can be understood by my friend George Spelvin, the average American.

1974 Los Angeles Times 11 July iv. 15/4 Mayor Shinn..is listed on the program as George Spelvin but a spy tells me he's actually played by J. R. McCloskey of the LACC faculty.

2008 Winchester (Va.) Star 15 Apr. 4/2 It is these very workaday Americans—George Spelvin and Joe Bag-a-Donuts—who give this nation its spine.

2011 J. L. Anderson Enter Samurai I. xxvi. 384 Onnagata Kitamura has not been identified; possibly that was a George Spelvin name for Takagi Hanjirō or another actor.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	george
释义	Georgen. Brit. /dʒɔːdʒ/, U.S. /dʒɔrdʒ/ Forms: late Middle English– George, 1500s Georg, 1500s Gorge, 1500s Joerge. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name George. Etymology: < the male forename George, especially as the name of a saint (see St George n.).In by George and synonymous phrases cited at sense Phrases 1 perhaps partly a euphemism for by God and synonymous phrases cited at god n. and int. Phrases 3a. In sense 2a perhaps originally with reference to the shield of St George, which was the main emblem on all gold and silver denominations struck during the Commonwealth (these coins were demonetized in 1661, after the Restoration); quot. 1660 may either refer to a specific Commonwealth coin featuring this image, or generically to all Commonwealth coinage. Quot. 1688 (where the name is used alongside decus n., meg n.², and smelt n.²), may show a later reminiscence of this coinage, as may the later quots. 1699, 1719, and 1785, where the name specifically denotes a half-crown (40 Georges being equal to £5). In sense 2b, the coin was so called after the three British kings called George during whose reigns it was struck; compare louis n. Senses 3, 4, 5 show humorous uses of the male forename, although any specific semantic motivations are unclear; with sense 5, perhaps compare let George do it at Phrases 2. 1. †a. A decorative or ornamental representation of St George. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1474 Cely Papers in Eng. Stud. (1961) 42 133 [A] George off sywyr. ?a1549 Inventory Henry VIII (1998) I. 252/1 One litle pece of clothe of golde tissued with a george of Siluer tissue. 1554 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 144 My best syluer salt w^t the cover, hauinge a borrall in the bottome, and a George on the toppe. b. spec. A representation of St George, typically jewelled or enamelled, and forming part of the insignia of the Order of the Garter; spec. (a) great (also greater) George: a figure of St George worn suspended from the collar; (b) lesser (also little) George: a representation of St George encircled by the garter and worn suspended from the ribbon or a gold chain. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > [noun] > piece or article of > specific regal of Francec1440 George1506 watch George1614 1506 W. Makefyrr in Paston Lett. (1904) VI. 172 The Kynges aparell..a cheyn with a joerge of dyamondes. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iv. iv. 241 Now by my George, my Garter and my crown. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iv. i. 30 Looke on my George, I am a Gentleman. View more context for this quotation 1672 E. Ashmole Inst. Order of Garter 221 At the middle of the Collar before, is to be fastned the Image of St. George armed, sitting on Horseback, who having thrown the Dragon upon his back, encounters him with a tilting Spear. This Jewel is not surrounded with a Garter, or row of Diamonds, as is the lesser George, but made according to the representation in the Plate above, and called the Great George. 1675 London Gaz. No. 1026/4 Lost or stolen..an order of the Garter, or George, being a Cerdonix Stone..with a George engraven on the one side of the Onix, and a George enameled on the other side. 1724 London Gaz. No. 6284/2 Garter on his knee presented to the Sovereign the Blue Ribbon with the Gold or Little George, which His Majesty..put over the Left Shoulder of his Lordship..athwart under his Right Arm. 1788 New London Mag. 4 167 A convict under sentence of transportation..for stealing a George set with diamonds. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 615 At Chedzoy he stopped a moment to mount a fresh horse and to hide his blue riband and his George. 1869 J. E. Cussans Handbk. Heraldry (rev. ed.) xviii. 232 Another Badge is sometimes worn. This is a George, within an inscribed Garter. 1917 Burlington Mag. Apr. 143/2 This same finish is also found in association with enamel in a floral pattern on the back of a ‘lesser George’ in the collection of H.M. the King. 1964 C. V. Wedgwood Trial of Charles I (1967) viii. 218 He now took off his George,..and gave it to the Bishop with the one word ‘Remember’. 1997 Daily Tel. 22 Apr. 22/1 King George IV's Greater George was worn by Charles I, Charles II and James II... He also wore the great Duke of Marlborough's George. 2. slang. †a. A coin, spec. a half-crown. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > half-crown or thirty pennies mancusOE half-crowna1549 George1660 St George1661 slate1699 trooper1699 tosheroon1859 tosh1912 half a crack1933 1660 Ratts rhimed to Death 65 When the Georges are flown, Then the Cause goes down. 1688 T. Shadwell Squire of Alsatia ii. i. 32 I make bold to Equip you with some Meggs, Smelts, Decus's and Georges. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew (at cited word) He tipt me Forty Georges for my Earnest, he paid me Five Pounds for my Share or Snack. 1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth I. 313 Let's give 'em a George. 1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue George, a half-crown piece. b. More fully yellow George. A (gold) guinea issued during the reign of George I, II, or III of Britain (1714–1820). Cf. George guinea n., George's guinea n. at Compounds, Geordie n. 1. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > guinea or twenty-one shillings goldfinch1602 piece1631 yellow boy1654 Guinea1666 broad gold1688 meg1688 broad1710 George's guinea1721 yellow1722 canary bird1785 stranger1785 yellow George1785 Geordie1786 spade-guinea1853 George guinea1880 1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (at cited word) Yellow George, a guinea. 1786 R. Burns Poems 221 An' baith a yellow George to claim, An' thole their blethers! 1812 Sporting Mag. 39 139 A smart and scientific boxing match took place..for a George betwixt a gallant knight of the thimble..[and] Power the celebrated Pugilist. 1834 Dublin Univ. Mag. Sept. 268/1 Though England be's a main good place to live in..as long as a man has summut in his fob, it fares but badly there when the yellow Georges are lacking. 1904 M. Deane Rose-spinner xii. 99 ‘What do you want with twenty yellow Georges, you vixen?’ ‘To pay a pest of a manty-maker. She vows her brats are starving.’ 1948 G. Heyer Foundling xvii. 259 ‘What do you say to fifty thousand Yellow Georges?’ suggested Mr. Shifnal winningly. †3. Oxford University slang. A small loaf of bread. Also George Brown. Cf. Brown George n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > bread > loaf > [noun] > brown loaf Negro's head1670 Brown George1688 George1755 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. George, a brown loaf. Of this sense I know not the original. 1791 Ld. Jeffrey Let. 25 Oct. in Ld. Cockburn Life (1852) II. 3 Most of us choose to walk till nine o'clock, at which hour a George (that is to say a round penny roll) is served up, with a bit of butter..into each of our chambers. 1807 R. Southey Lett. from Eng. II. xxxii. 66 We had each a little loaf set before us, called by the singular name of George Brown. 4. U.S. colloquial. Used as a familiar form of address to a male stranger. Also: (Services' slang) an airman. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > terms of endearment > [noun] > familiar form of address mon amic1425 matec1500 boy1532 old lad1594 old boy1602 captaina1616 mon cher1673 old chap1823 old man1828 ou maat1838 boysie1846 old top1856 boetie1867 bra1869 cocker1888 mon vieux1888 face1891 yessir1892 George1903 old sport1905 old bean1917 segotia1917 babe1918 bro1918 tovarish1918 old egg1919 midear1921 old (tin of) fruit1923 sport1923 mush1936 cowboy1961 coz1961 wack1963 yaar1963 John1982 1903 Cent. Mag. Nov. 86/1 Colonel Berry cheerfully undertook to hold a conversation with the coachman, whom he addressed as ‘George’, just as he always addressed cabmen and hotel waiters at home. ‘I guess you don't speak English, do you, George?’ he asked smilingly. 1911 E. L. Beach Ensign Ralph Osborn iv. 50 Just about ready to give it up and go back to yer ould job av sweepin' down the deck an' cleanin' spit kits, hey, George? 1925 E. Fraser & J. Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words 104 George, a colloquial term for an airman, corresponding to ‘Jack’ for bluejacket, and ‘Tommy’ for a soldier. Also used sometimes in the Air Force in addressing any stranger. 1925 Liberty Mag. 18 July 14/2 He..calls porters ‘George’. 1979 N. Porterfield Jimmie Rodgers (1992) vi. 108 I remember after the argument, Jimmie said, ‘All right, George, I'll just sing one myself.’ He called everyone George. And he left. 5. slang (originally Air Force). An aircraft's automatic pilot (personified). ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > controls and instruments > [noun] > navigational instrument > automatic pilot automatic pilot1916 autopilot1917 gyro-pilot1923 George1931 astronavigator1933 fly-by-wire1960 1931 Flight 30 Oct. 1082 ‘George’ is the automatic pilot about which there has been so much talk lately. 1961 Shell Aviation News No. 282. 5/2 Even if powered controls do all the physical work, if ‘George’ does all the ‘steering’,..the test pilot is the man who bears the responsibility, and is still irreplaceable. 1983 Listener 8 Sept. 5/3 ‘George’ is in charge, with an inertial navigation system to guide him. 1999 L. Morrison Of Luck & War xxvii. 140 Personally, I had little faith in George. Any time I had attempted to use it, the Lanc wallowed along uncertainly in the general direction required. Phrases P1. by George (also †for, †before, †fore George): used as an exclamation or mild oath. Also simply George! ΘΚΠ the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > oaths other than religious or obscene > mild oaths by George1616 for, before, fore George1616 Gemini1664 dash my wig(s)1797 Jiminy1803 Christmas1882 1616 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) ii. i, in Wks. I. 20 Well! he knowes what to trust to, for George [compare iii. i. 29: By S. George]. 1680 J. Dryden Kind Keeper v. i. 62 Before George, 'tis so! 1694 L. Echard tr. Plautus Rudens iv. iii, in tr. Plautus Comedies 199 By George, you shan't be a Sowce the better for what's in it. 1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical xi. 135 Before George I think our Family's made of Iron. 1785 B. Bidwell Mercenary Match v. 54 Capt. I'll fight no more in your defence. Sail. Nor I, by George. 1840 R. H. Barham Ghost in Ingoldsby Legends 1st Ser. 103 'Fore George, I'm vastly puzzled what to do. 1885 ‘F. Anstey’ Tinted Venus 49 I mean what I say, by George I do! 1888 A. C. Gunter Mr. Potter i. i. 16 George! isn't it horribly lonely? 1919 C. Mackenzie Sylvia & Michael v. 207 By George! I shall have a busy day. 1987 G. Keillor We are still Married (1990) 12 So I read it and by George I couldn't put the sucker down. 2001 Sun 27 Jan. (Racing section) 3/5 By George, the Pillar Chase is a straight-forward race to sort out on the trends. P2. North American colloquial. let George do it: let someone else do the work or take the responsibility. [Origin unknown. It has frequently been suggested (e. g. by H. L. Mencken Amer. Lang. (1921) xi.) that the phrase is after French laissez faire à Georges, said to have been used by King Louis XII (1462–1515, king from 1498) with reference to his prime minister Cardinal Georges d'Amboise (1460–1510), to whom he entrusted much of the day-to-day running of the country. However, this French phrase is apparently not attested before 1805 (in L.-P. Anquetil Hist. de France V. 376, which may have been the first source to attribute its use to King Louis XII), although a variant laisser faire à George, c'est un homme d'âge is found earlier (1690; apparently last recorded in Dict. de Trevoux (1771)). Regardless of the origin of the French phrase, it is very uncertain whether there is any link with the English phrase, since the French phrase (in any form) appears to have been very rare by the date of the first attestation of the English phrase.] ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > get exemption [verb (intransitive)] > transfer responsibility to another to whip the cat1793 let George do it1909 to pass the buck (to)1912 1909 Jrnl. Internat. Brotherhood of Boiler Makers 1 Aug. 476/2 Go to the meetings; take an active part as you do in your home; pay your dues and don't be a mollycoddle and think: ‘Oh, well, let George do it.’ 1948 Chicago Tribune 10 Oct. (Grafic Mag.) 8/1 Producers have a way of saying ‘Let George do it’ whenever a particularly difficult villain role turns up. 1971 P. G. Wodehouse in N.Y. Times Encycl. Almanac 1971 448 It is the old, old story. Overconfidence. We tell ourselves, ‘Oh, I can't be bothered getting a divorce. They'll be plenty without me. Let George do it.’ 1989 R. Wuthnow Struggle for America's Soul p. xiii The ‘let George do it’ attitude that comes with big government. 2010 Saginaw (Mich.) News (Nexis) 31 Jan. a6 People today are quite content to be entertained but have little interest in volunteering and helping out with museum business or research. Let George do it! Compounds George Cross n. (in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth countries) a civilian decoration for bravery instituted in 1940 by King George VI and taking precedence over all other medals and decorations except the Victoria Cross (abbreviated GC); cf. George Medal n.The George Cross is the civilian equivalent of the Victoria Cross; it may, however, be awarded to military personnel for acts of bravery for which military honours would not normally be granted. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > chivalry > gallantry > [noun] > decoration for gallantry George Cross1940 George Medal1940 GC1941 GM1941 1940 Zanesville (Ohio) Signal 23 Sept. 1/1 He announced creation of a new British decoration for valor—the George Cross to be given for gallantry shown by civilians in ‘these perilous but famous days’. 1941 H. Brighouse in Best One-act Plays 1940 293 Philip. You can take it as official that you'll be recommended for the George Cross. Alfred. Crimes! That's the civilian V.C. 1966 Whitaker's Almanack 772/1 Malta was..besieged in the last war and again withstood the attacks... In recognition of the part played by the Maltese people, King George VI awarded the George Cross to the island. 2002 B. Hoey Her Majesty xviii. 275 And those who had helped to foil the kidnap attempt were rewarded by the Queen. Jim Beaton received the George Cross. † George guinea n. Obsolete = sense 2b. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > guinea or twenty-one shillings goldfinch1602 piece1631 yellow boy1654 Guinea1666 broad gold1688 meg1688 broad1710 George's guinea1721 yellow1722 canary bird1785 stranger1785 yellow George1785 Geordie1786 spade-guinea1853 George guinea1880 1880 Liverpool Mercury 14 Sept. 1/3 (advt.) Lost. on the 1st instant, a Ring and George Guinea. 1905 Westm. Gaz. 25 May 7/3 The finding of George guineas. Georgemas n. [ < the name of St George, patron saint of England + -mas comb. form] a festival of St George, spec. = St George's Day n. at St George n. 1a. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > specific Christian festivals > St. George's Day (23 April) > [noun] St George's Day1443 St George's feast1480 Georgemas1833 1833 Aberdeen Jrnl. 28 Aug. At the Georgemas fair of Thurso a number of horses and cattle were exhibited. 1868 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 2nd Ser. 4 ii. 349 Buying..wether hoggs at the Georgemas tryst. 1937 Kerrville (Texas) Times 22 Apr. 10/1 At the synod held under papal auspices in Oxford in 1222, Georgemas was declared a holy day. 2006 Slavic Rev. 65 24 Brigand bands in the western Carpathians would..agree to reassemble on St. Adalbert's Feast—Georgemas. George Medal n. (in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth countries) a civilian decoration instituted in 1940 by George VI for great acts of bravery which are nevertheless not outstanding enough to merit the George Cross (abbreviated GM).The George Medal may also be awarded to military personnel for acts of bravery for which military honours would not normally be granted. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > chivalry > gallantry > [noun] > decoration for gallantry George Cross1940 George Medal1940 GC1941 GM1941 1940 Chester (Pa.) Times 23 Sept. 4/2 A second new award announced by the King is the ‘George Medal’ which will be for ‘wider distribution’ than the George Cross. 1959 Daily Tel. 24 Apr. 13/4 (heading) George Medal man gaoled. 1990 C. Allen Savage Wars of Peace (1991) 93 The battalion doctor—later to be awarded the George Medal—stayed at his patient's side throughout. George noble n. [compare post-classical Latin georgius nobilis (c1470 in a British source)] now historical a noble (noble n.¹ 2a) bearing the figure of St George. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > noble or angel noble1350 shipc1410 Harry noble1456 angel1469 rose noble1473 angel noble1488 George noble1526 gunhole angela1577 angel piecea1665 rose royal1688 1526 Veredite Standerdes of Coynes (P.R.O.: E 101/302/18) A newe Coyne called the George noble..to kepe the fynes of the said Angelle..and..to be curraunte for vj s. viij d. 1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. vi. 46 Whiles his George-Nobles rusten in his Chest. 1695 W. Lowndes Rep. Amendm. Silver Coins 21 Masters and Workers, Covenanted to make Two sorts of Gold Coins to wit..Rialls, Angels, George-Nobles. 1830 G. P. R. James Darnley III. viii. 175 He was to take the lady, the chaplain, and the waiting-maid, to Boulogne, for ten George nobles. 1981 Daily Tel. 19 Feb. 14/6 A George-noble..was in a box of coins given to the vendor as a boy by his grandmother. George ring n. rare (now historical) a ring bearing the figure of St George. ΚΠ 1709 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1886) II. 310 Having on them the Image of St. George they were call'd George Rings. 2005 P. Rogers Pope & Destiny of Stuarts v. 175 According to Thomas Hearne, it was the custom of knights to present family and friends with gold rings received at their installation. These usually bore the effigy of St George and came to be known as George rings. † George's guinea n. Obsolete (more fully King George's guinea) = George guinea n. ΚΠ 1721 Compl. Coll. Remarkable Tryals IV. 205 She said she had none; but at last own'd she had a King George's Guinea, and no more. 1772 J. Hanway Observ. Causes Dissoluteness 2 You do not profess being an Antiquarian in any sense, and therefore I presume that you have more reverence for a George's guinea, than for a William the Conqueror's farthing. 1858 E. Fitzball Michael Schwartz iv. 76 The secret drawer was also crammed with king George's guineas, to the amount of many thousands. 1892 E. Arnold Potiphar's Wife 121 The cloths she sheeted home..Now faded, ragged, frayed: As yellow as King George's guineas! George Spelvin n. chiefly U.S. a pseudonym used to hide the identity of an actor; (also) a name given to a hypothetical average or ordinary man.The precise origin of the name is unknown; accounts of earlier use cannot be substantiated: see Amer. Notes & Queries (1947) Oct. 99. ΚΠ 1908 Lowell (Mass.) Sun 5 May (Night ed.) 5/3 ‘Brewster's Millions’..was presented at the Opera House last night by the following star cast:..Steward..George Spelvin. 1916 N.Y. Times 1 Oct. ii. 9/7 What manner of man is this George Spelvin who jumps about the theatrical map with such amazing alacrity and plays more characters in a day than some actors do in a year? The truth is that George Spelvin..is a Broadway myth so generally accepted as to have become a Broadway institution. 1939 Washington Post 9 Feb. 11/1 He writes..a very high-learned type of knowing on this kind of thing, but does it in a language that can be understood by my friend George Spelvin, the average American. 1974 Los Angeles Times 11 July iv. 15/4 Mayor Shinn..is listed on the program as George Spelvin but a spy tells me he's actually played by J. R. McCloskey of the LACC faculty. 2008 Winchester (Va.) Star 15 Apr. 4/2 It is these very workaday Americans—George Spelvin and Joe Bag-a-Donuts—who give this nation its spine. 2011 J. L. Anderson Enter Samurai I. xxvi. 384 Onnagata Kitamura has not been identified; possibly that was a George Spelvin name for Takagi Hanjirō or another actor. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1474
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