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单词 geothermal
释义

geothermaladj.n.

Brit. /ˌdʒiːə(ʊ)ˈθəːml/, U.S. /ˌdʒioʊˈθərm(ə)l/
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: geo- comb. form, thermal adj.
Etymology: < geo- comb. form + thermal adj. Compare isogeothermal adj. at isogeotherm n. Derivatives. In sense A. 2 after French géothermique (1861 in this sense: C. Naudin Serres et orangeries de plein air: aperçu de la culture géothermique, the source translated in quot. 1861; for earlier use, see geothermic adj.). With sense B. 1 compare earlier isogeotherm n.
A. adj.
1. Geology. Relating to or resulting from the internal heat of the earth; (of a locality or region) having hot springs, geysers, fumaroles, etc., heated by underlying magma.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [adjective] > of interior of the earth
geothermal1830
geothermic1858
1830 Edinb. Jrnl. Sci. 2 254 Besides, among the stations on the table, there are several at a very considerable height above the sea, so that we must reduce their geothermal temperature to the level of the sea.
1875 J. H. Bennet Winter & Spring Mediterranean (ed. 5) i. 13 The peculiar mildness of the winter may also be partly accounted for on geothermal..grounds.
1898 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 155 161 (title) New geothermal data from deep artesian wells in the Dakotas.
1928 Sci. News Let. 14 Apr. 227/1 Yellowstone (Wyoming): Geysers, hot springs and other geothermal phenomena.
1955 Times 14 July 14/6 The large heavy water plant which will form part of the scheme for using the steam from the geothermal springs in New Zealand.
1965 B. E. Freeman tr. A. Vandel Biospeleol. xviii. 310 It is rare to find a regular increase in geothermal temperature with depth in caves hollowed from calcareous rocks.
1991 Geographical Feb. 39/2 During geothermal investigations of the Earth's crust, it became clear that permafrost has been laid down several times from as long ago as 25 million years.
2005 J. Diamond Collapse (2006) vi. 197 Iceland's hot springs and geothermal areas are so numerous that much of the country..heats its houses not by burning fossil fuels but just by tapping volcanic heat.
2. Horticulture. Designating a system of horticulture in which the soil is heated. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1861 tr. C. Naudin in Mag. Hort. May 197 In the geothermal system we do not absolutely exclude the protection of glass.
1879 T. F. Rivers Orchard-House (ed. 16) 195 There is another mode of forming an orange grove under glass..by adopting ‘geothermal culture,’ and heating the borders as well as the air of the house.
3. Of energy, power, etc., for human use: derived from the internal heat of the earth's crust. Also: relating to or engaged in the generation of such energy, power, etc.
ΚΠ
1927 Sci. News Let. 12 Nov. 319/1 An interesting pioneer effort in the utilization of geothermal power.
1955 Times 4 May 17/3 Engineers and geologists had obtained valuable help from investigating the Italian geothermal installations.
1974 R. Heilbroner Human Prospect ii. 54 The technologies required to supplant the present fossil fuels—safe and efficient fission reactors, economical solar or wind machines, large-scale geothermal plants—may not arrive ‘on time’.
1991 Power Sept. 11/3 The Dept...plans to drill, deepen, and maintain several production and reinjection wells at the Miravelles geothermal project.
2004 N.Y. Mag. 20 Dec. 45/4 It's also a green building, with a geothermal heating system that keeps utilities low and social-conscience points high.
B. n.
1. = isogeotherm n. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > [noun] > isothermal line or surface > connecting points in earth's interior
isogeotherm1864
geothermal1895
geotherm1908
1895 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. (ed. 4) 385 When the mountain-making crisis was at hand, the temperature at the bottom of the deposits was already high from the rise of the geothermals with the increase of thickness.
1997 Geol. Abstr. 546/1 With the use of geological reasonable rates, the model results predict high temperatures and inverted upper-plate geothermals at shallow depths by 25 to 35 million years after collision.
2. A geothermal feature heated by underlying magma, such as a hot spring, geyser, or fumarole. Usually in plural.
ΚΠ
1957 Proc. Koninkl. Nederlandse Akad. van Wetenschappen Ser. B 60 91 The study of the extreme milieus such as geothermals and evaporates is useful in that it enables us to predict what the more unusual environments may extend to during a biological flareup.
1983 New Scientist 16 June 781 (heading) Heat pump taps geothermals.
2009 R. A. Garrott et al. Ecol. Large Mammals in Central Yellowstone 693 In an average winter, bison prefer to occupy areas that are influenced by geothermals over areas that are not influenced by geothermals.
3. Geothermal energy or power.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > energy or power of doing work > [noun] > specific types of energy
internal energy1654
positive energy1807
chemical energy1809
energy1852
potential energy1853
atomic energy1854
latent energy1854
static energy1869
free energy1884
rest energy1925
nuclear energy1958
radial energy1959
tangential energy1959
geothermal1960
dark energy1998
quintessence1998
1960 Geosci. Abstr. 2 No. 11. 65/1 Other sources such as nuclear, solar, and geothermal, have yet to be fully perfected.
1978 Audubon Jan. 227/3 It hardly serves the solar cause to put wind, geothermal, tides and biomass in different pigeonholes.
1999 Daily Nation (Nairobi) 9 Dec. 16/3 He added that the Government was pursuing a policy of diversifying power generation based on geothermal and oil thermal.
2008 Las Vegas Review-Jrnl. (Nevada) (Nexis) 8 Oct. d1 Unlike solar and wind power plants, geothermal provides a reliable, continual supply of electricity without interruption.

Compounds

geothermal gradient n. the rate at which the temperature increases with depth below the surface of the ground or the surface of a lake.
ΚΠ
1900 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 159 434 (title) Geothermal gradient in Lake Michigan.
1971 Sci. Amer. Sept. 61/3 The influx of heat by conduction from the earth's interior has been determined from measurements of the geothermal gradient..and the thermal conductivity of the rocks involved.
2005 M. Bjornerud Reading Rocks ii. 46 The temperature increases steadily at a rate of about 55°F per mile (20°C per kilometer)... Some metamorphic rocks have mineral assemblages that accord with this geothermal gradient.

Derivatives

ˌgeoˈthermally adv. rare before 20th cent.
ΚΠ
1861 Mag. Hort. July 305 With a Parisian climate, all the shrubs from the Mediterranean may be geothermally cultivated.
1961 Science 3 Nov. 1436/1 Its oceanic portion has been investigated seismically, geothermally, and topographically.
2007 N.Y. Times Mag. 20 May 70/1 (caption) The building is heated and cooled geothermally.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.1830
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