genevern.

Brit.

/dʒᵻˈniːvə/, U.S.

/dʒəˈnivə/

Forms:

α. 1600s– geneva, 1700s geneve, 1700s gineva, 1700s jenava.

β. 1700s– genever, 1800s ginever, 1900s– jenever.

Also with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Dutch. Etymons: Dutch genever, jenever.

Etymology: < Dutch genever spirit originally distilled from fermented juniper berries (1606; now usually jenever), transferred use of genever , (now usually) jenever juniper berries collectively (Middle Dutch genuuere , jenueuer , etc. (c1240)) < Old French genevre , geneivre , genoivre juniper bush, juniper berries collectively (both end of the 11th cent. in Rashi; Middle French, French genièvre ) < classical Latin iūniperus juniper n. The α. forms show alteration by folk-etymological association with the name of the city of Geneva (see Geneva n.). Compare later gin n.³

A clear alcoholic spirit from Belgium and the Netherlands, distilled from grain and flavoured with juniper; Dutch gin. Cf. Hollands n.Recorded earliest in genever shop (in quot. 1689 with humorous allusion to Geneva n. 1a); quots. 1608, 1623 at Geneva print n. 1b also make this pun and, hence, imply earlier use.Originally used to designate the spirit as manufactured in the Low Countries, with the shortened form gin (see gin n.³ 1) used to distinguish a British imitation of this, usually flavoured with a variety of spices and aromatics in addition to or in place of juniper; the two words are, however, often used indiscriminately.In many works of reference in the 18th and early 19th centuries described as being distilled from fermented juniper berries; this practice is obsolete, although juniper berries are occasionally added to the malted grain mash before fermentation and distillation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > gin > [noun] > kinds of gin

genever1689

South Sea1725

Hollands1753

Old Tom1810

deady1819

schiedam1821

Plymouth gin1854

unsweetened1886

London gin1920

Plymouth1920

ogogoro1982

1689 W. Popple tr. J. Locke Let. conc. Toleration 22 What, shall no Potion, no Broth, be taken, but what is prepared either in the Vatican, suppose, or in a Geneva Shop?

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Geneva, a kind of strong Water so called.

1709 Brit. Apollo 8–10 June The Gypsie With Flip and Geneve got most Damnably Typsie.

1727 J. Arbuthnot John Bull Postscr., in J. Swift et al. Misc. in Prose & Verse ii. 212 He found the Combatants drinking Genever in a Brandy-Shop.

1751 J. Hill Hist. Materia Medica ii. v. xxi. 487 We used to keep a distill'd spirituous Water of Juniper in the Shops, but..the making of it became the Business..of the Distiller, who sold it under the Name of Geneva; but at present only a better Kind [of] that is made with the Juniper Berry, what they commonly sell is made with no better an Ingredient than Oil of Turpentine..and with the coarsest Spirit they have.

1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1843) II. 187 Immediately I seized my prey, and not knowing how to destroy it, I immersed it in Geneva.

1831 Lincoln Herald 16 Dec. 3/4 If a poor boatman is found in possession of..a gallon of contraband geneva, he is fined.

1877 A. D. Vandam Every-day Heroine II. 134 What if he treated his good resolutions for the future with a drop of jenever?

1889 Pall Mall Gaz. 13 Nov. 2/2 Of rum, alcohol, and Geneva 652,000 cwt. were exported in 1888.

1915 Times 12 May 12/3 There was another exception affecting Geneva, perfuming spirit, and foreign imported liquers.

1948 R. J. Forbes Short Hist. Art of Distillation vi. 192 Drunkenness was one of the chief vices of the proletariat of the manufacturing towns in the early nineteenth century and their chief drink was genever.

1981 T. C. Boyle Water Music (1983) i. 151 You can send out for your meals..keep a cat, sniff snuff, drink geneva and sleep between silken sheets.

1990 T. Ruprecht Toronto's Many Faces 102 The national drink of the Netherlands is jenever, an oily, sweet gin made from a variety of spices.

2000 R. Pool Negotiating Good Death xi. 210 He knew he was going to die and wanted to do so on his birthday, in the evening, after having a glass of Genever.

Compounds

General attributive, esp. genever shop. Now chiefly historical.

ΚΠ

1689Geneva shop [see main sense].

1718 [Read's] Weekly Jrnl. 4 Jan. Last Thursday morning a Woman..coming out of a Jenava Shop, in Red Cross Street, fell down.

1740 C. Davies Life & Adventures ii. 25 She had eleven Bladders,..ten of them we filled with Geneva, and the Eleventh with Nastiness... Three of the Geneva Bladders were tyed round my Waite [sic].

1761 I. Pottinger Methodist i. ii. 7 Bring the Geneva Bottle—Perhaps Sir, you would rather drink a glass of Brandy and Bitters.

1861 Fraser's Mag. Apr. 510/2 The geneva bottle and the cigar-box are always at hand.

1946 Amer. Jrnl. Econ. & Sociol. 5 170 Geneva shops multiplied in the slum sections.

2002 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 26 Apr. (Report on Business Mag.) 105 The owner also runs a ‘genever restaurant’ upstairs and a genever shop across the street. Legally sold in bars only since 1985, the spirit is enjoying a renaissance.

Derivatives

† genevered adj. Obsolete drunk on genever.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [adjective] > drunk > with specific drink

wine-drunkenOE

in wine1594

wine-belly1603

wine-sprung1633

wined1640

citroned1754

genevered1755

sherry1770

toddied1842

beer-bemuddled1848

cocktailed1856

pinko1917

beered-up1933

1755 E. Young Centaur vi, in Wks. (1757) IV. 251 These..gorgons, furies, harpies..on fire or quenched; genevaed or citroned..in tavern, bagnio, brothel.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	genever
释义	genevern. Brit. /dʒᵻˈniːvə/, U.S. /dʒəˈnivə/ Forms: α. 1600s– geneva, 1700s geneve, 1700s gineva, 1700s jenava. β. 1700s– genever, 1800s ginever, 1900s– jenever. Also with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Dutch. Etymons: Dutch genever, jenever. Etymology: < Dutch genever spirit originally distilled from fermented juniper berries (1606; now usually jenever), transferred use of genever , (now usually) jenever juniper berries collectively (Middle Dutch genuuere , jenueuer , etc. (c1240)) < Old French genevre , geneivre , genoivre juniper bush, juniper berries collectively (both end of the 11th cent. in Rashi; Middle French, French genièvre ) < classical Latin iūniperus juniper n. The α. forms show alteration by folk-etymological association with the name of the city of Geneva (see Geneva n.). Compare later gin n.³ A clear alcoholic spirit from Belgium and the Netherlands, distilled from grain and flavoured with juniper; Dutch gin. Cf. Hollands n.Recorded earliest in genever shop (in quot. 1689 with humorous allusion to Geneva n. 1a); quots. 1608, 1623 at Geneva print n. 1b also make this pun and, hence, imply earlier use.Originally used to designate the spirit as manufactured in the Low Countries, with the shortened form gin (see gin n.³ 1) used to distinguish a British imitation of this, usually flavoured with a variety of spices and aromatics in addition to or in place of juniper; the two words are, however, often used indiscriminately.In many works of reference in the 18th and early 19th centuries described as being distilled from fermented juniper berries; this practice is obsolete, although juniper berries are occasionally added to the malted grain mash before fermentation and distillation. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > gin > [noun] > kinds of gin genever1689 South Sea1725 Hollands1753 Old Tom1810 deady1819 schiedam1821 Plymouth gin1854 unsweetened1886 London gin1920 Plymouth1920 ogogoro1982 1689 W. Popple tr. J. Locke Let. conc. Toleration 22 What, shall no Potion, no Broth, be taken, but what is prepared either in the Vatican, suppose, or in a Geneva Shop? 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Geneva, a kind of strong Water so called. 1709 Brit. Apollo 8–10 June The Gypsie With Flip and Geneve got most Damnably Typsie. 1727 J. Arbuthnot John Bull Postscr., in J. Swift et al. Misc. in Prose & Verse ii. 212 He found the Combatants drinking Genever in a Brandy-Shop. 1751 J. Hill Hist. Materia Medica ii. v. xxi. 487 We used to keep a distill'd spirituous Water of Juniper in the Shops, but..the making of it became the Business..of the Distiller, who sold it under the Name of Geneva; but at present only a better Kind [of] that is made with the Juniper Berry, what they commonly sell is made with no better an Ingredient than Oil of Turpentine..and with the coarsest Spirit they have. 1816 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1843) II. 187 Immediately I seized my prey, and not knowing how to destroy it, I immersed it in Geneva. 1831 Lincoln Herald 16 Dec. 3/4 If a poor boatman is found in possession of..a gallon of contraband geneva, he is fined. 1877 A. D. Vandam Every-day Heroine II. 134 What if he treated his good resolutions for the future with a drop of jenever? 1889 Pall Mall Gaz. 13 Nov. 2/2 Of rum, alcohol, and Geneva 652,000 cwt. were exported in 1888. 1915 Times 12 May 12/3 There was another exception affecting Geneva, perfuming spirit, and foreign imported liquers. 1948 R. J. Forbes Short Hist. Art of Distillation vi. 192 Drunkenness was one of the chief vices of the proletariat of the manufacturing towns in the early nineteenth century and their chief drink was genever. 1981 T. C. Boyle Water Music (1983) i. 151 You can send out for your meals..keep a cat, sniff snuff, drink geneva and sleep between silken sheets. 1990 T. Ruprecht Toronto's Many Faces 102 The national drink of the Netherlands is jenever, an oily, sweet gin made from a variety of spices. 2000 R. Pool Negotiating Good Death xi. 210 He knew he was going to die and wanted to do so on his birthday, in the evening, after having a glass of Genever. Compounds General attributive, esp. genever shop. Now chiefly historical. ΚΠ 1689Geneva shop [see main sense]. 1718 [Read's] Weekly Jrnl. 4 Jan. Last Thursday morning a Woman..coming out of a Jenava Shop, in Red Cross Street, fell down. 1740 C. Davies Life & Adventures ii. 25 She had eleven Bladders,..ten of them we filled with Geneva, and the Eleventh with Nastiness... Three of the Geneva Bladders were tyed round my Waite [sic]. 1761 I. Pottinger Methodist i. ii. 7 Bring the Geneva Bottle—Perhaps Sir, you would rather drink a glass of Brandy and Bitters. 1861 Fraser's Mag. Apr. 510/2 The geneva bottle and the cigar-box are always at hand. 1946 Amer. Jrnl. Econ. & Sociol. 5 170 Geneva shops multiplied in the slum sections. 2002 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 26 Apr. (Report on Business Mag.) 105 The owner also runs a ‘genever restaurant’ upstairs and a genever shop across the street. Legally sold in bars only since 1985, the spirit is enjoying a renaissance. Derivatives † genevered adj. Obsolete drunk on genever. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > excess in drinking > [adjective] > drunk > with specific drink wine-drunkenOE in wine1594 wine-belly1603 wine-sprung1633 wined1640 citroned1754 genevered1755 sherry1770 toddied1842 beer-bemuddled1848 cocktailed1856 pinko1917 beered-up1933 1755 E. Young Centaur vi, in Wks. (1757) IV. 251 These..gorgons, furies, harpies..on fire or quenched; genevaed or citroned..in tavern, bagnio, brothel. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1689
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