gerundn.

/ˈdʒɛrʌnd/

/ˈdʒɛrənd/

Etymology: < Latin gerundium, apparently < gerundum = gerendum, gerund of gerĕre to carry on.

A form of the Latin verb capable of being construed as a noun, but retaining the regimen of the verb. Hence applied to forms functionally equivalent in other language, e.g. to the English verbal noun in -ing when used rather as a part of the verb than as a noun.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > noun > [noun] > nouns derived from verbs

supinec1450

gerundive1483

verbal nouna1504

overthrown?1533

gerund1542

verbal substantive1570

1542 Introd. Eyght Partes Speche sig. Ciii There be moreouer belongynge to the infinityue mode of verbes certayne voyces, called gerundes..[which] haue bothe the actiue and passiue signification.

1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Gram. sig. C^v There is only one Gerund ending in do.

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 446 Gerunds and Supines are unnecessary inflexions of Verbs, the notion of them being expressible by the Infinitive Mode, whose Cases they are.

1762 R. Lowth Short Introd. Eng. Gram. 111 The Participle with a Preposition before it, and still retaining its Government, answers to what is called in Latin the Gerund.

1826 S. Smith Wks. (1859) II. 100/1 He is driven to absolute despair by gerunds.

1872 R. Morris Hist. Outl. Eng. Accidence xiii. 179 We usually abridge sentences containing the verbal substantive, so that it looks like a gerund.

Compounds

Used derisively.

gerund-grinder n. one who instructs in Latin grammar; a pedantic teacher.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > teacher > schoolteacher or schoolmaster > [noun] > other schoolteachers

gerund-grinder1710

hedge-schoolmaster1830

grammatist1850

discipline master1863

quizmaster1878

careers master1943

1710 Fanatick Feast 6 The next was Cl——s, the walking Gerund-grinder, a noisie wrangling Sophist.

1762 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy V. xxxii. 115 Here is the glass for pedagogues,..gerund-grinders and bear-leaders to view themselves in.

1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus ii. iii. 38/1 An inanimate, mechanical Gerund-grinder.

1882 Macmillan's Mag. 45 232 The man of theory will always continue to think and speak of the professed pedagogue as a ‘gerund-grinder’.

gerund-grinding n. instruction in Latin grammar; pedantic instruction generally.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > [noun] > pedantic teaching

scholasticism1797

gerund-grinding1826

grammar-grinding1898

1826 W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1827) II. 33 Gerund-grinding and parsing are usually prepared for at the last moment.

gerund-grindery n. a classical school.

ΚΠ

1887 Church Times 20 May How can it be right for clergymen to earn hundreds or even thousands a year, say, by gerund-grinding or by managing a great gerund-grindry?

gerund-stone n. the imaginary grindstone of a ‘gerund-grinder’.

ΚΠ

1864 Reader 1 Oct. 410/3 With less enthusiasm and tenderness, the author would probably have consented to wield his tawse and turn the ‘gerundstone’ in time-honoured style.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2018).

单词	gerund
释义	gerundn. /ˈdʒɛrʌnd//ˈdʒɛrənd/ Etymology: < Latin gerundium, apparently < gerundum = gerendum, gerund of gerĕre to carry on. A form of the Latin verb capable of being construed as a noun, but retaining the regimen of the verb. Hence applied to forms functionally equivalent in other language, e.g. to the English verbal noun in -ing when used rather as a part of the verb than as a noun. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > noun > [noun] > nouns derived from verbs supinec1450 gerundive1483 verbal nouna1504 overthrown?1533 gerund1542 verbal substantive1570 1542 Introd. Eyght Partes Speche sig. Ciii There be moreouer belongynge to the infinityue mode of verbes certayne voyces, called gerundes..[which] haue bothe the actiue and passiue signification. 1591 R. Percyvall Bibliotheca Hispanica Gram. sig. C^v There is only one Gerund ending in do. 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 446 Gerunds and Supines are unnecessary inflexions of Verbs, the notion of them being expressible by the Infinitive Mode, whose Cases they are. 1762 R. Lowth Short Introd. Eng. Gram. 111 The Participle with a Preposition before it, and still retaining its Government, answers to what is called in Latin the Gerund. 1826 S. Smith Wks. (1859) II. 100/1 He is driven to absolute despair by gerunds. 1872 R. Morris Hist. Outl. Eng. Accidence xiii. 179 We usually abridge sentences containing the verbal substantive, so that it looks like a gerund. Compounds Used derisively. gerund-grinder n. one who instructs in Latin grammar; a pedantic teacher. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > teacher > schoolteacher or schoolmaster > [noun] > other schoolteachers gerund-grinder1710 hedge-schoolmaster1830 grammatist1850 discipline master1863 quizmaster1878 careers master1943 1710 Fanatick Feast 6 The next was Cl——s, the walking Gerund-grinder, a noisie wrangling Sophist. 1762 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy V. xxxii. 115 Here is the glass for pedagogues,..gerund-grinders and bear-leaders to view themselves in. 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus ii. iii. 38/1 An inanimate, mechanical Gerund-grinder. 1882 Macmillan's Mag. 45 232 The man of theory will always continue to think and speak of the professed pedagogue as a ‘gerund-grinder’. gerund-grinding n. instruction in Latin grammar; pedantic instruction generally. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > [noun] > pedantic teaching scholasticism1797 gerund-grinding1826 grammar-grinding1898 1826 W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1827) II. 33 Gerund-grinding and parsing are usually prepared for at the last moment. gerund-grindery n. a classical school. ΚΠ 1887 Church Times 20 May How can it be right for clergymen to earn hundreds or even thousands a year, say, by gerund-grinding or by managing a great gerund-grindry? gerund-stone n. the imaginary grindstone of a ‘gerund-grinder’. ΚΠ 1864 Reader 1 Oct. 410/3 With less enthusiasm and tenderness, the author would probably have consented to wield his tawse and turn the ‘gerundstone’ in time-honoured style. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2018). < n.1542
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