goutn.¹

Brit.

/ɡaʊt/, U.S.

/ɡaʊt/

Forms: Middle English–1600s goute, Middle English goutt, gutt(e, Middle English gut(e, Middle English–1600s gowt(e, 1500s Scottish gute, 1500s–1600s Scottish gutt, 1500s–1700s Scottish gut, Middle English– gout.

Etymology: < Old French goute, goutte (French goutte) drop, gout < Latin gutta drop, in medieval Latin applied to gout and other diseases attributed to a ‘defluxion’ of humours (see Du Cange).

I. The disease and related uses.

1. A specific constitutional disease occurring in paroxysms, usually hereditary and in male subjects; characterized by painful inflammation of the smaller joints, esp. that of the great toe, and the deposition of sodium urate in the form of chalk-stones; it often spreads to the larger joints and the internal organs.The name is derived from the notion of the ‘dropping’ of a morbid material from the blood in and around the joints.

a. With a and plural: originally perhaps referring to an affection of a particular joint; in later use = a fit or attack of the disease, or simply, the disease itself (= 1b. Cf. fever n.¹ 1b). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of joints > [noun] > gout

dropc1000

podagraOE

goutc1290

podagrec1300

arthritic?a1450

podagrya1538

arthritis1543

joint-sickness1545

leaping gout1562

goutiness1632

wind-gout1662

podarthritis1846

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 360/39 Þare cam a goute In is kneo, of Anguische gret..So longue, þat is kneo to-swal.

a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 46 A goute me haþ ygreyþed so ant oþer eueles monye mo.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xx. 191 He..gyued me in goutes, I may nouȝte go at large.

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 235 A man þat haþ arteticam, þat is as myche to seie as a goute.

c1450 Middle Eng. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 203 Here wyþ anoynte þe goutes.

?1566 J. Alday tr. P. Boaistuau Theatrum Mundi sig. H ij b Their legges full of gouts.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iv. sig. D4 And eke in foote and hand A grieuous gout tormented him full sore.

1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 351 For all goutes, seethe Leekes & Otemeale with sheepes tallowe, and apply them hote.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 110 From Winter keep Well fodder'd in the Stalls, thy tender Sheep..That free from Gouts thou mayist preserve thy Care.

1705 F. Fuller Medicina Gymnastica Pref. sig. a4^v There have been some Gouts..which nothing could remove but a very low Diet.

1732 A. Pope Ess. Man ii. 12 So, when small Humours gather to a Gout, The Doctor fancies he has driv'n 'em out.

1822 Ld. Eldon in Twiss Life (1844) II. 450 I found the King in bed yesterday, He has had a pretty severe gout.

b. singular only (often the gout). Phrase, †(to be) in the gout.

ΚΠ

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 11865 He was al so sik mid goute & oþer wo.

c1386 G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale 20 The goute lette hire no-thyng for to daunce.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11825 Þe gutte þe potagre es il to bete, It fell al dun in-til his fete.

c1450 Middle Eng. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 206 Ȝyf hyt be þe hote goute, lef þe lynsed, & ȝyf hyt be þe cold goute, tak hyt.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin v. 91 He fill in a grete sekenesse of the gowte in handes and feet.

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxviii^v There be beestes that woll haue the gout, and moost commonly in the hynder fete, and woll cause hym to haulte.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 280 Ane greit seiknes him tuke, Quhilk him dalie vexit with gute and gravell.

1587 T. Churchyard Worthines of Wales sig. G4 And legges be lame, and gowte creepes in the toes.

1634 W. Laud Let. 4 Mar. in Earl of Strafford Lett. & Disp. (1739) I. 375 Your Brother tells me, you are in the Gout.

a1651 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) II. 555 He was lying sicke of the gutt.

1726 J. Gay in Swift's Lett. (1766) II. 61 With Mr. Congreve, who has been like to die with a fever, and the gout in his stomach.

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1869) III. xlviii. 50 His health was broken by the tortures of the gout.

1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. xi. 290 When in the gout—receiving the salutation of a muscular friend (a sea-captain) who [etc.].

a1839 W. M. Praed Poems (1864) I. 333 I've never had the gout, 'tis true.

1877 F. T. Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 231 Gout is the chief disease from which rheumatism has to be distinguished.

figurative.1645 J. Milton Colasterion 2 The gout and dropsy of a big margent, litter'd and overlaid with crude and huddl'd quotations.

†c. falling gout, epilepsy. Obsolete. [medieval Latin gutta cadiva or caduca: see Du Cange.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > [noun] > fit or stroke > epilepsy

brothfallc1175

foul evila1398

the falling evila1400

falling gouta1400

land-evilc1440

falling sickness1485

epilency1495

falling-ill1561

comitial fit1562

St John's disease1574

epilepsy1578

falling disease1580

St John's evil1605

epilepse1804

sacred malady-

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11831 Þe falland gute [Gött. goutt; Fairf., Trin. Cambr. euel] he had.

†d. slang. In names for the venereal disease.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > venereal disease > [noun] > syphilis

foul evila1398

grandgore1497

French disease1503

French pox1503

pox1503

great pocka1519

great pox1529

morbus gallicus1543

gore1554

marbles1592

verol1596

Spanish pox1600

verola1600

the foul evil1607

bube1608

grincome1608

Neapolitan1631

lues1634

scabbado1651

venereal syphilis1653

foul disease1680

gout1694

syphilid1829

syphiloid1833

syphiloderma1850

vaccino-syphilis1868

neurosyphilis1878

old ral1878

syph1914

bejel1928

cosmic disease-

1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. xxi The rankest Roan-ague (Anglicé, the Covent-garden Gout).

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Common-garden-gout, or rather Covent-Garden.

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Spanish gout.

†2. gout rose (also gout roset) [ < Old French goutte rose, or with English diminutive ending -et suffix¹] = copper-nose n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > eruptive diseases > [noun] > acne or acne rosacea

gout rosec1400

gome rosage?c1450

copper-face?1543

copper-nose1609

acne1743

acne rosacea1813

maggot-pimple1822

rosacea1843

acne vulgaris1848

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 189 Of clooþ þat is clepid fraclis or goute roset.

?c1450 in Vicary's Anat. Bodie of Man (1888) App. ix. 229 Vndyr þe nese..lyggys a vayn þat is gud to opyne for þe gut roset.

?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens iv. sig. Pij For to clense y^e mater of gout rose, & other infections of the face and mouth. [Cf. sig. Yj, The gutta rosa.]

†3. A disease in hawks and other birds; esp. a knob or hard swelling on the feet. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of birds > [noun] > other disorders of birds

pipa1425

gout1486

rank1709

cholera1834

diphtheria1863

fowl pox1908

myelocytomatosis1933

ornithosis1939

puffinosis1948

angel wing1967

1486 Bk. St. Albans C iij When ye se yowre hawke blaw oftyn tymes: and that it commys of no batyng, ye may be sure she hath the gowte in the throte.

1486 Bk. St. Albans C iij When ye se yowre hawke may not endew her meete nor remounte her astate, she hath the gowte in the hede and in the Raynes.

1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 258 Many times..the gowte doth befall a Hawke, which is none other thing than a hard tumor and swelling, full of corruption aboute the ioyntes of a Hawkes foote and stretchers.

1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 345 Of the swelling in a Hawkes foote, which we tearme the pin, or pin Goute.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique vii. lxvii. 898 Olde Nightingales of the cage are subiect to gouts and conuulsions in the breast.

4. A disease in wheat, caused by the larva of the gout-fly (see quots. and gout-fly).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > caused by insects > associated with crop or food plants

cockle1777

ear cockle1777

raddleman1798

purple1807

yellows1808

sedging1820

gout1828

sedge-root1837

leaf blister1858

tulip-root1875

root-knot1888

1828 Examiner 344/1 The roots have been destroyed by the Gout as it is technically termed.

1860 J. Curtis Farm Insects 234 Chlorops tæniopus..causes the disease termed in Oxfordshire the gout in wheat and barley, from the stalk being swollen to thrice its natural size.

II. In the original etymological sense of ‘drop’.

a. A drop of liquid, esp. of blood. In the later use, after Shakespeare, it tends to mean: A large splash or clot.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [noun] > bleeding or flow of blood > shed blood > pool or splash of

blood dropc1390

flosha1400

gout1503

1503 Art Good Living & Dying sig. Xiiij The ewyl rich the qwich may not haue ȝyt oon gowt of Watyr.

1503 Art Good Living & Dying Cc v a/1 The . v . tokyng qwych shall go befor the jugement al herbys treys wooddys shal sweyt reed gouttys of water, as blood.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. i. 46 I see thee still; And on thy Blade, and Dudgeon, Gouts of Blood, Which was not so before.

1800 W. R. Spencer Beth-gelert xi Where'er his eyes he cast, Fresh blood-gouts shock'd his view.

1814 Ld. Byron Lara ii. vi. 757 Nor gout of blood, nor shred of mantle torn.

1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log I. vi. 170 Gushing streams burst from the mountain sides like gouts of froth.

1839 J. R. Lowell Summer Storm in Poet. Wks. (1879) 8 Again Plashes the rain in heavy gouts.

1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 304 A high stockade, with its gateway smeared with blood which hung in gouts.

†b. Medicine. = drop n. 3. Scottish. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. at Gout 2 Gut for drop is still used in Scotland by physicians.

1758 J. Walker in Philos. Trans. 1757 (Royal Soc.) 50 131 To an ounce of common spring-water there was added two gutts of fresh sweet milk.

1765 Trial K. Nairn & P. Ogilvie 141 Being interrogated, How many guts or drops of laudanum he was in use to take at a dose? He refuses to answer.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian xi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 324 Not a goutte of his physic should gang through my father's son.

6. A spot of colour resembling a drop. So French goutte. (Cf. goutte n. Heraldry.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > variegation > spot of colour > [noun]

spota1300

dropc1420

stud1751

gout1833

wafer1853

blob1863

pock1894

tache1957

1833 R. Mudie Brit. Birds (1841) II. 17 The parent birds are fed each with ‘a drop of the devil's blood!’..and that infernal draught taints the eggs with those streaks and gouts which in fact make them so beautiful.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

gout family n.

ΚΠ

1829 Syd. Smith in Lady Holland's Mem. (1855) II. 304 My attack..was of the gout family, but hardly gout itself.

gout-fit n.

ΚΠ

a1693 J. Aubrey Brief Lives: Milton (1898) II. 67 He [Milton] would be chearfull even in his gowte-fitts, and sing.

gout-creating adj.

ΚΠ

1802 T. Beddoes Hygëia II. viii. 166 The gout-creating action of stimulants.

gout-ridden adj.

ΚΠ

1901 A. E. W. Mason Clementina xix. 235 [He] told the poor gout-ridden man that the Princess..had put up at the ‘Cervo’ Inn.

1961 Times 31 July 14/3 The peppery, gout-ridden Don Lope.

gout-swollen adj.

ΚΠ

1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. i. 4 His gout-swolne fist Gropes for his double Ducates in his chist.

gout-tormented adj.

ΚΠ

a1711 T. Ken Wks. (1721) I. 61 Internal Fire, and Gout-tormented Feet.

† gout-wit-lamed adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1595 G. Chapman Ouids Banquet of Sence (1639) 15 They are cripple minded, Gowt-wit lamed.

C2.

gout-fly n. the fly ( Chlorops tæniopus or lineata) whose larva causes the ‘gout’ in wheat.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Cyclorrhapha > family Chloropidae > chlorops taeniopus

gout-fly1881

1881 E. A. Ormerod Man. Injurious Insects 77 From this case the Chlorops, or Gout Fly, comes out towards the end of summer.

† gout-justice n. Obsolete ? justice that is halting or tardy, as if with gouty feet.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1619 T. Middleton Triumphs Loue & Antiq. sig. B3 Such is Gout-Iustice, that's, Delay in Right, Demurs in Suites, that are as cleare as Light.

gout-stone n. = chalk-stone n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of joints > [noun] > gout > concretion of gout

chalk-stone1738

gout-stone1796

1796 E. Darwin Zoonomia II. 46 Gout-stones are formed on inflamed membranes.

gout-stool n. a stool to support the foot when affected by gout.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > support or rest > [noun] > for feet > specific types

fender-stool1870

gout-stool1886

1886 F. H. Burnett Little Ld. Fauntleroy (1887) viii. 157 It was not agreeable to sit alone..with one foot on a gout-stool.

gout-weed n. a book-name for the plant Ægopodium Podagraria.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Umbelliferae (umbellifers) > [noun] > gout-weed

wild masterwort1523

ashweed1578

herb Gerard1578

gout-wort1597

jump-about1656

goat weed1758

gout-weed1776

English masterwort1866

1776 W. Withering Brit. Plants I. 181 Goutweed, Ægopodium.

1854 S. Thomson Wanderings among Wild Flowers (ed. 4) iii. 296 The root of the gout-weed (Ægopodium).

† gout-wheel-chair n. Obsolete a wheeled chair used for a gouty patient.

ΚΠ

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1667 (1955) III. 502 I found him in his Garden..sitting in his Gowt wheele chayre.

gout-wort n. = gout-weed n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Umbelliferae (umbellifers) > [noun] > gout-weed

wild masterwort1523

ashweed1578

herb Gerard1578

gout-wort1597

jump-about1656

goat weed1758

gout-weed1776

English masterwort1866

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 849 Herba Gerardi, is called in English Herbe Gerard, Aishweed, and Goutwoort.

1670 J. Smith England's Improvem. Reviv'd 225 Goutwort..The very bearing of this Herb about one easeth the pains of the Gout.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	gout
释义	goutn.¹ Brit. /ɡaʊt/, U.S. /ɡaʊt/ Forms: Middle English–1600s goute, Middle English goutt, gutt(e, Middle English gut(e, Middle English–1600s gowt(e, 1500s Scottish gute, 1500s–1600s Scottish gutt, 1500s–1700s Scottish gut, Middle English– gout. Etymology: < Old French goute, goutte (French goutte) drop, gout < Latin gutta drop, in medieval Latin applied to gout and other diseases attributed to a ‘defluxion’ of humours (see Du Cange). I. The disease and related uses. 1. A specific constitutional disease occurring in paroxysms, usually hereditary and in male subjects; characterized by painful inflammation of the smaller joints, esp. that of the great toe, and the deposition of sodium urate in the form of chalk-stones; it often spreads to the larger joints and the internal organs.The name is derived from the notion of the ‘dropping’ of a morbid material from the blood in and around the joints. a. With a and plural: originally perhaps referring to an affection of a particular joint; in later use = a fit or attack of the disease, or simply, the disease itself (= 1b. Cf. fever n.¹ 1b). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of joints > [noun] > gout dropc1000 podagraOE goutc1290 podagrec1300 arthritic?a1450 podagrya1538 arthritis1543 joint-sickness1545 leaping gout1562 goutiness1632 wind-gout1662 podarthritis1846 c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 360/39 Þare cam a goute In is kneo, of Anguische gret..So longue, þat is kneo to-swal. a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 46 A goute me haþ ygreyþed so ant oþer eueles monye mo. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xx. 191 He..gyued me in goutes, I may nouȝte go at large. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 235 A man þat haþ arteticam, þat is as myche to seie as a goute. c1450 Middle Eng. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 203 Here wyþ anoynte þe goutes. ?1566 J. Alday tr. P. Boaistuau Theatrum Mundi sig. H ij b Their legges full of gouts. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iv. sig. D4 And eke in foote and hand A grieuous gout tormented him full sore. 1597 W. Langham Garden of Health 351 For all goutes, seethe Leekes & Otemeale with sheepes tallowe, and apply them hote. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 110 From Winter keep Well fodder'd in the Stalls, thy tender Sheep..That free from Gouts thou mayist preserve thy Care. 1705 F. Fuller Medicina Gymnastica Pref. sig. a4^v There have been some Gouts..which nothing could remove but a very low Diet. 1732 A. Pope Ess. Man ii. 12 So, when small Humours gather to a Gout, The Doctor fancies he has driv'n 'em out. 1822 Ld. Eldon in Twiss Life (1844) II. 450 I found the King in bed yesterday, He has had a pretty severe gout. b. singular only (often the gout). Phrase, †(to be) in the gout. ΚΠ 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 11865 He was al so sik mid goute & oþer wo. c1386 G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale 20 The goute lette hire no-thyng for to daunce. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11825 Þe gutte þe potagre es il to bete, It fell al dun in-til his fete. c1450 Middle Eng. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 206 Ȝyf hyt be þe hote goute, lef þe lynsed, & ȝyf hyt be þe cold goute, tak hyt. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin v. 91 He fill in a grete sekenesse of the gowte in handes and feet. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxviii^v There be beestes that woll haue the gout, and moost commonly in the hynder fete, and woll cause hym to haulte. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 280 Ane greit seiknes him tuke, Quhilk him dalie vexit with gute and gravell. 1587 T. Churchyard Worthines of Wales sig. G4 And legges be lame, and gowte creepes in the toes. 1634 W. Laud Let. 4 Mar. in Earl of Strafford Lett. & Disp. (1739) I. 375 Your Brother tells me, you are in the Gout. a1651 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) II. 555 He was lying sicke of the gutt. 1726 J. Gay in Swift's Lett. (1766) II. 61 With Mr. Congreve, who has been like to die with a fever, and the gout in his stomach. 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1869) III. xlviii. 50 His health was broken by the tortures of the gout. 1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. xi. 290 When in the gout—receiving the salutation of a muscular friend (a sea-captain) who [etc.]. a1839 W. M. Praed Poems (1864) I. 333 I've never had the gout, 'tis true. 1877 F. T. Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 231 Gout is the chief disease from which rheumatism has to be distinguished. figurative.1645 J. Milton Colasterion 2 The gout and dropsy of a big margent, litter'd and overlaid with crude and huddl'd quotations. †c. falling gout, epilepsy. Obsolete. [medieval Latin gutta cadiva or caduca: see Du Cange.] ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > convulsive or paralytic disorders > [noun] > fit or stroke > epilepsy brothfallc1175 foul evila1398 the falling evila1400 falling gouta1400 land-evilc1440 falling sickness1485 epilency1495 falling-ill1561 comitial fit1562 St John's disease1574 epilepsy1578 falling disease1580 St John's evil1605 epilepse1804 sacred malady- a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11831 Þe falland gute [Gött. goutt; Fairf., Trin. Cambr. euel] he had. †d. slang. In names for the venereal disease. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > venereal disease > [noun] > syphilis foul evila1398 grandgore1497 French disease1503 French pox1503 pox1503 great pocka1519 great pox1529 morbus gallicus1543 gore1554 marbles1592 verol1596 Spanish pox1600 verola1600 the foul evil1607 bube1608 grincome1608 Neapolitan1631 lues1634 scabbado1651 venereal syphilis1653 foul disease1680 gout1694 syphilid1829 syphiloid1833 syphiloderma1850 vaccino-syphilis1868 neurosyphilis1878 old ral1878 syph1914 bejel1928 cosmic disease- 1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. xxi The rankest Roan-ague (Anglicé, the Covent-garden Gout). 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Common-garden-gout, or rather Covent-Garden. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Spanish gout. †2. gout rose (also gout roset) [ < Old French goutte rose, or with English diminutive ending -et suffix¹] = copper-nose n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > eruptive diseases > [noun] > acne or acne rosacea gout rosec1400 gome rosage?c1450 copper-face?1543 copper-nose1609 acne1743 acne rosacea1813 maggot-pimple1822 rosacea1843 acne vulgaris1848 c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 189 Of clooþ þat is clepid fraclis or goute roset. ?c1450 in Vicary's Anat. Bodie of Man (1888) App. ix. 229 Vndyr þe nese..lyggys a vayn þat is gud to opyne for þe gut roset. ?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens iv. sig. Pij For to clense y^e mater of gout rose, & other infections of the face and mouth. [Cf. sig. Yj, The gutta rosa.] †3. A disease in hawks and other birds; esp. a knob or hard swelling on the feet. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of birds > [noun] > other disorders of birds pipa1425 gout1486 rank1709 cholera1834 diphtheria1863 fowl pox1908 myelocytomatosis1933 ornithosis1939 puffinosis1948 angel wing1967 1486 Bk. St. Albans C iij When ye se yowre hawke blaw oftyn tymes: and that it commys of no batyng, ye may be sure she hath the gowte in the throte. 1486 Bk. St. Albans C iij When ye se yowre hawke may not endew her meete nor remounte her astate, she hath the gowte in the hede and in the Raynes. 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 258 Many times..the gowte doth befall a Hawke, which is none other thing than a hard tumor and swelling, full of corruption aboute the ioyntes of a Hawkes foote and stretchers. 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 345 Of the swelling in a Hawkes foote, which we tearme the pin, or pin Goute. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique vii. lxvii. 898 Olde Nightingales of the cage are subiect to gouts and conuulsions in the breast. 4. A disease in wheat, caused by the larva of the gout-fly (see quots. and gout-fly). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > caused by insects > associated with crop or food plants cockle1777 ear cockle1777 raddleman1798 purple1807 yellows1808 sedging1820 gout1828 sedge-root1837 leaf blister1858 tulip-root1875 root-knot1888 1828 Examiner 344/1 The roots have been destroyed by the Gout as it is technically termed. 1860 J. Curtis Farm Insects 234 Chlorops tæniopus..causes the disease termed in Oxfordshire the gout in wheat and barley, from the stalk being swollen to thrice its natural size. II. In the original etymological sense of ‘drop’. 5. a. A drop of liquid, esp. of blood. In the later use, after Shakespeare, it tends to mean: A large splash or clot. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > [noun] > bleeding or flow of blood > shed blood > pool or splash of blood dropc1390 flosha1400 gout1503 1503 Art Good Living & Dying sig. Xiiij The ewyl rich the qwich may not haue ȝyt oon gowt of Watyr. 1503 Art Good Living & Dying Cc v a/1 The . v . tokyng qwych shall go befor the jugement al herbys treys wooddys shal sweyt reed gouttys of water, as blood. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. i. 46 I see thee still; And on thy Blade, and Dudgeon, Gouts of Blood, Which was not so before. View more context for this quotation 1800 W. R. Spencer Beth-gelert xi Where'er his eyes he cast, Fresh blood-gouts shock'd his view. 1814 Ld. Byron Lara ii. vi. 757 Nor gout of blood, nor shred of mantle torn. 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log I. vi. 170 Gushing streams burst from the mountain sides like gouts of froth. 1839 J. R. Lowell Summer Storm in Poet. Wks. (1879) 8 Again Plashes the rain in heavy gouts. 1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 304 A high stockade, with its gateway smeared with blood which hung in gouts. †b. Medicine. = drop n. 3. Scottish. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. at Gout 2 Gut for drop is still used in Scotland by physicians. 1758 J. Walker in Philos. Trans. 1757 (Royal Soc.) 50 131 To an ounce of common spring-water there was added two gutts of fresh sweet milk. 1765 Trial K. Nairn & P. Ogilvie 141 Being interrogated, How many guts or drops of laudanum he was in use to take at a dose? He refuses to answer. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian xi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 324 Not a goutte of his physic should gang through my father's son. 6. A spot of colour resembling a drop. So French goutte. (Cf. goutte n. Heraldry.) ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > variegation > spot of colour > [noun] spota1300 dropc1420 stud1751 gout1833 wafer1853 blob1863 pock1894 tache1957 1833 R. Mudie Brit. Birds (1841) II. 17 The parent birds are fed each with ‘a drop of the devil's blood!’..and that infernal draught taints the eggs with those streaks and gouts which in fact make them so beautiful. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. gout family n. ΚΠ 1829 Syd. Smith in Lady Holland's Mem. (1855) II. 304 My attack..was of the gout family, but hardly gout itself. gout-fit n. ΚΠ a1693 J. Aubrey Brief Lives: Milton (1898) II. 67 He [Milton] would be chearfull even in his gowte-fitts, and sing. b. gout-creating adj. ΚΠ 1802 T. Beddoes Hygëia II. viii. 166 The gout-creating action of stimulants. gout-ridden adj. ΚΠ 1901 A. E. W. Mason Clementina xix. 235 [He] told the poor gout-ridden man that the Princess..had put up at the ‘Cervo’ Inn. 1961 Times 31 July 14/3 The peppery, gout-ridden Don Lope. gout-swollen adj. ΚΠ 1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. i. 4 His gout-swolne fist Gropes for his double Ducates in his chist. gout-tormented adj. ΚΠ a1711 T. Ken Wks. (1721) I. 61 Internal Fire, and Gout-tormented Feet. † gout-wit-lamed adj. Obsolete ΚΠ 1595 G. Chapman Ouids Banquet of Sence (1639) 15 They are cripple minded, Gowt-wit lamed. C2. gout-fly n. the fly ( Chlorops tæniopus or lineata) whose larva causes the ‘gout’ in wheat. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Cyclorrhapha > family Chloropidae > chlorops taeniopus gout-fly1881 1881 E. A. Ormerod Man. Injurious Insects 77 From this case the Chlorops, or Gout Fly, comes out towards the end of summer. † gout-justice n. Obsolete ? justice that is halting or tardy, as if with gouty feet.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1619 T. Middleton Triumphs Loue & Antiq. sig. B3 Such is Gout-Iustice, that's, Delay in Right, Demurs in Suites, that are as cleare as Light. gout-stone n. = chalk-stone n. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of joints > [noun] > gout > concretion of gout chalk-stone1738 gout-stone1796 1796 E. Darwin Zoonomia II. 46 Gout-stones are formed on inflamed membranes. gout-stool n. a stool to support the foot when affected by gout. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > support or rest > [noun] > for feet > specific types fender-stool1870 gout-stool1886 1886 F. H. Burnett Little Ld. Fauntleroy (1887) viii. 157 It was not agreeable to sit alone..with one foot on a gout-stool. gout-weed n. a book-name for the plant Ægopodium Podagraria. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Umbelliferae (umbellifers) > [noun] > gout-weed wild masterwort1523 ashweed1578 herb Gerard1578 gout-wort1597 jump-about1656 goat weed1758 gout-weed1776 English masterwort1866 1776 W. Withering Brit. Plants I. 181 Goutweed, Ægopodium. 1854 S. Thomson Wanderings among Wild Flowers (ed. 4) iii. 296 The root of the gout-weed (Ægopodium). † gout-wheel-chair n. Obsolete a wheeled chair used for a gouty patient. ΚΠ a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1667 (1955) III. 502 I found him in his Garden..sitting in his Gowt wheele chayre. gout-wort n. = gout-weed n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Umbelliferae (umbellifers) > [noun] > gout-weed wild masterwort1523 ashweed1578 herb Gerard1578 gout-wort1597 jump-about1656 goat weed1758 gout-weed1776 English masterwort1866 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 849 Herba Gerardi, is called in English Herbe Gerard, Aishweed, and Goutwoort. 1670 J. Smith England's Improvem. Reviv'd 225 Goutwort..The very bearing of this Herb about one easeth the pains of the Gout. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). goutn.² Brit. /ɡaʊt/, U.S. /ɡaʊt/ Forms: Also 1500s, 1600s, 1800s gowt. Etymology: ? variant of gote n.; but compare French égout (Old French esgout) sewer. †1. ? A stream or flow of water. (Cf. gote n. 1.) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > [noun] runninga1398 goutc1400 stream14.. flowingc1440 watercourse1552 current1555 fluxc1600 gliding1600 fluor1642 currency1657 lapse1667 shoot1799 flowage1830 come1862 the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > [noun] > that which flows brook?c1225 gotea1400 goutc1400 gut1567 fluence?1611 flow1802 c1400 Sege Jerus. 561 Baches woxen ablode aboute in þe vale, & goutes fram gold wede as goteres þey runne. 2. A channel for water; a sluice; a covered drain or culvert. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water water leatOE water lade1224 leat1279 watergang1293 sow1316 trough1398 wissinga1400 lanec1420 waterway1431 water leasow1440 watercoursea1450 fleam1523 lead1541 cut1548 aqueducta1552 lake1559 strand1565 race1570 channel1581 watergauge1597 gout1598 server1610 carriage1669 runnel1669 aquage1706 shoot1707 tewel1725 run1761 penstock1763 hulve1764 way-gang1766 culvert1774 flume1784 shute1790 pentrough1793 raceway1793 water carriage1793 carrier1794 conductor1796 water carrier1827 penchute1875 chute1878 by-cut1883 1598 R. Barckley Disc. Felicitie of Man iv. 315 The ages past haue discharged all their mallice into the age we liue in, as into a gowt or sinke. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 237 With common Sewes or Sinks (they call them Goutes) made to run under the ground. 1800 W. Chapman Facts Witham & Welland 29 Vast quantities of water..which used to enter through the Gowt at Langarl. c1818 J. Britton Lincs. 557 At the lower end of these are sluices, guarded by gates, termed gowts or gouts. 1851 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 12 ii. 308 During that time the doors of the gouts used to be over~rode. 1851 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 12 ii. 312 The narrow band of salt marsh..is drained by sea-gouts through the frontier banks. 1886 R. E. G. Cole Gloss. Words S.-W. Lincs. Gowt, or Gote, a drain, or channel for water. 1890 J. D. Robertson Gloss. Words County of Gloucester Gout, a covered drain or culvert. attributive.1682 in Nicholls Forest Dean xv. 233 Through w^ch the gout water must necessarily run for draining of the worke. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † goutv. Forms: In Middle English gowt(e. Etymology: < Old French and French goutter, < goutte drop. Obsolete. rare. intransitive. To drop. Of a candle: To gutter. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > [verb (intransitive)] > gutter clome1393 gouta1400 sweal1653 gutter1706 a1400 Med. MS. in Archæol. XXX. 408 Gowtyth. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 206/2 Gowton, as candelys, gutto. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.¹c1290n.²c1400v.a1400
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goutn.1

Compounds

goutn.2

† goutv.

goutn.¹

goutn.²