Great Sealn.¹

Brit.

/ˌɡreɪt ˈsiːl/, U.S.

/ˌɡreɪt ˈsi(ə)l/

Forms: see great adj., n., adv., and int. and seal n.²

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: great adj., seal n.²

Etymology: < great adj. + seal n.² Compare post-classical Latin sigillum magnum (1206, 1684 in British sources), Anglo-Norman grant seal (early 14th cent. or earlier).

1. The seal (seal n.² 3a) used for the authentication of documents of formal or constitutional importance issued in the name of a sovereign or (in a republic) in the name of the highest appropriate executive authority. Also: the impression of this on wax or on a wafer seal. Cf. broad seal n.England, Scotland, and Ireland have at different times had their own Great Seals (and still have their own Seals) but there is now a single Great Seal for the United Kingdom. The Great Seal of the United States is kept by the Secretary of State; in addition some states have their own Great Seals. Canada and Australia are Commonwealth countries with a Great Seal held by the sovereign's representative.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > marking > imprinting > sealing > [noun] > seal > official or sovereign

green waxa1350

secret seal1378

privy seal1410

signet1410

Great Seal1419

private seal1440

common seal1449

cocket1451

privy signet1477

half-seal1509

targec1510

broad seal1550

1419 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1834) II. 255 (MED) Of whiche trewes, writtes of proclamacion been passed under oure grete seel.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 54 (MED) I hadde lettres of the Soudan with his grete seel, & comounly oþer men han but his signett.

1432 Petition in Rotuli Parl. (1767–77) IV. 418/2 Lettres Patentes of proteccion under his grete Seall.

1473 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 469 Item, the Kynge hathe sent for hys greet seall.

1581 Act 23 Eliz. c. 3 §3 Fines..shall be exemplified under the Great Seal of England.

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. ii. 348 For your stubborne answer About the giuing backe the Great Seale to vs, The King shall know it, and (no doubt) shal thanke you.

1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Mark xiv. 22 As the King maketh a piece of Wax to become his Great Seal, by which he conveyeth Land, Liberty and Life.

1707 J. Archdale New Descr. Carolina 13 They are there by Patent, under the Great Seal of the Provinces, call'd Landgraves and Cassocks, in lieu of Earls and Lords.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. iii. 60 The Man-Mountain shall not depart from our Dominions, without our Licence under our Great Seal.

1763 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 566/1 His Majesty has been pleased to order letters patent to be passed the great seal of Ireland, containing a grant unto Viscount Charlemont and his Heirs male, of the dignity of an Earl of the kingdom of Ireland.

1783 S. Moreau Tour to Cheltenham Spa 104 He..signed his patents with the seal now called the King's Broad Seal, or Great Seal.

1845 Ld. Campbell Lives Chancellors I. Introd. 26 The ceremony of breaking or ‘damasking’ of the old Great Seal consists in the Sovereign giving it a gentle blow with a hammer.

1886 J. H. Middleton in Encycl. Brit. XXI. 587/2 The great seal of the Commonwealth is a marvel of ugliness.

1908 ‘O. Henry’ Gentle Grafter (1913) 69 I was certainly surprised when she pulls out a document with the great seal of the United States on it.

1955 J. A. Joyce Justice at Work (rev. ed.) xxv. 225 He [sc. a Lord Chancellor] automatically retires with the party which constitutes the Government, and he does so by surrendering the Great Seal.

2006 J. Updike Terrorist iv. 253 A scowling and unflattering image of himself is embedded with some numerical data important to the state of New Jersey and a hologrammatical, counterfeit-repellent image of its Great Seal.

a. (Lord) Keeper of the Great Seal n. (a) an officer of state in England, having custody of the Great Seal; cf. sense 2b (now historical); (b) a similar officer in Scotland.During the 12th cent. the office of Vice‐Chancellor in England developed into a separate office, Keeper of the Great Seal, which appears to have been used when the holder did not have the standing necessary for the office of Lord Chancellor. Following the Lord Keeper Act of 1562, the office of Lord Keeper of the Great Seal was held by the Lord Chancellor, although the title has not been granted since 1757.From 1885, the position of Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland was held by the Secretary of Scotland, and later the Secretary of State for Scotland. It is now held by the First Minister of Scotland.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > high officials of state > [noun] > Lord High Chancellor or Great Seal

Chancellor of EnglandOE

(Lord) Keeper of the Great Seal1545

Lord Keeper1562

custos sigilli1589

1545 Anno XXVIII Henrici VIII. Actes Made xvi. sig. D vii The kinges saide subiectes..shall haue receyue and obteyne of the chauncellour of Englande or keper of the great seale for the time beinge.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. ccvj He dubbed Thomas Awdeley, Speker of the parliament knight, and made hym lorde keper of the greate Seale.

1615 T. Mason Christs Victorie vi. 184 Sir Thomas Moore..was driuen to resigne his Chancelorship, deliuer vp the great seale into the Kings hands. After whom, succeeded Sir Thomas Audley, keeper of the great seale.

a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) ii. 220 A Lord Chancellour of France, whose Decipher agrees exactly with this great Prelate, sometimes Lord Keeper of the Great Seal.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 36 He was advanced to be Keeper of the Great Seal of England..upon the removal of the Bishop of Lincoln.

1735 Lives Most Remarkable Criminals II. Pref. vii My Lord Chancellor, or Lord Keeper of the Great Seal.

1818 J. Adolphus Polit. State Brit. Empire IV. 209 Lord Keeper of the Great Seal. Before the Union, Scotland had a lord chancellor, whose office was analogous to that of the lord chancellor of England... He had the custody of the king's seal.

1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. ix. 556 The..keeper of the great seal to be sworn to issue writs for a new parliament.

1997 Times (Nexis) 10 May The Scottish Secretary..was sworn in to the ancient office of Lord Keeper of the Great Seal at the High Court in Edinburgh.

2001 S. Bush Corr. John Cotton 93 [John] Williams was a favorite of the elderly James, who, in 1621, appointed him not just bishop of Lincoln..but also keeper of the great seal.

†b. The custodian of a Great Seal; spec. = Keeper of the Great Seal n. at sense 2a; the Lord Chancellor. Obsolete.In quot. 1867 punning on great seal n.²

ΚΠ

1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 15 Shall the Greate Seale come to the barr? First sende to him and heare his answere.

1641 in Fasti Aberd. (Spalding Club) 153 And his majestie wills and declaires, that thir presentis sall be a sufficient warrand..to the great seill and to his majestie's heigh chancellar for appending of the said seill, without passing of any uther seills or registeris.

1699 R. Harley Let. 2 Dec. in Rep. MSS Duke of Portland (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1894) III. 612 It is said the Great Seal and others are concerned in it.

1826 T. Coventry Powell's Treat. Law of Mortgages (ed. 6) II. xxiii. 1083 In a subsequent case, Lord Eldon said, the great seal would very cautiously relax the practice which required a security to be sold before a proof could be admitted.

1867 R. E. Egerton-Warburton Epigrams & Humorous Verses 23 Much pleasure, my lord, as a porpoise, I feel To find myself seated so near the Great Seal.

1913 J. R. Harris tr. Story of Ahikar in R. H. Charles Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha Old Test. in Eng. II. 778 He is the Great Seal of Esarhaddon.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	great seal
释义	Great Sealn.¹ Brit. /ˌɡreɪt ˈsiːl/, U.S. /ˌɡreɪt ˈsi(ə)l/ Forms: see great adj., n., adv., and int. and seal n.² Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: great adj., seal n.² Etymology: < great adj. + seal n.² Compare post-classical Latin sigillum magnum (1206, 1684 in British sources), Anglo-Norman grant seal (early 14th cent. or earlier). 1. The seal (seal n.² 3a) used for the authentication of documents of formal or constitutional importance issued in the name of a sovereign or (in a republic) in the name of the highest appropriate executive authority. Also: the impression of this on wax or on a wafer seal. Cf. broad seal n.England, Scotland, and Ireland have at different times had their own Great Seals (and still have their own Seals) but there is now a single Great Seal for the United Kingdom. The Great Seal of the United States is kept by the Secretary of State; in addition some states have their own Great Seals. Canada and Australia are Commonwealth countries with a Great Seal held by the sovereign's representative. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > marking > imprinting > sealing > [noun] > seal > official or sovereign green waxa1350 secret seal1378 privy seal1410 signet1410 Great Seal1419 private seal1440 common seal1449 cocket1451 privy signet1477 half-seal1509 targec1510 broad seal1550 1419 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1834) II. 255 (MED) Of whiche trewes, writtes of proclamacion been passed under oure grete seel. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 54 (MED) I hadde lettres of the Soudan with his grete seel, & comounly oþer men han but his signett. 1432 Petition in Rotuli Parl. (1767–77) IV. 418/2 Lettres Patentes of proteccion under his grete Seall. 1473 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 469 Item, the Kynge hathe sent for hys greet seall. 1581 Act 23 Eliz. c. 3 §3 Fines..shall be exemplified under the Great Seal of England. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. ii. 348 For your stubborne answer About the giuing backe the Great Seale to vs, The King shall know it, and (no doubt) shal thanke you. View more context for this quotation 1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Mark xiv. 22 As the King maketh a piece of Wax to become his Great Seal, by which he conveyeth Land, Liberty and Life. 1707 J. Archdale New Descr. Carolina 13 They are there by Patent, under the Great Seal of the Provinces, call'd Landgraves and Cassocks, in lieu of Earls and Lords. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. i. iii. 60 The Man-Mountain shall not depart from our Dominions, without our Licence under our Great Seal. 1763 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 566/1 His Majesty has been pleased to order letters patent to be passed the great seal of Ireland, containing a grant unto Viscount Charlemont and his Heirs male, of the dignity of an Earl of the kingdom of Ireland. 1783 S. Moreau Tour to Cheltenham Spa 104 He..signed his patents with the seal now called the King's Broad Seal, or Great Seal. 1845 Ld. Campbell Lives Chancellors I. Introd. 26 The ceremony of breaking or ‘damasking’ of the old Great Seal consists in the Sovereign giving it a gentle blow with a hammer. 1886 J. H. Middleton in Encycl. Brit. XXI. 587/2 The great seal of the Commonwealth is a marvel of ugliness. 1908 ‘O. Henry’ Gentle Grafter (1913) 69 I was certainly surprised when she pulls out a document with the great seal of the United States on it. 1955 J. A. Joyce Justice at Work (rev. ed.) xxv. 225 He [sc. a Lord Chancellor] automatically retires with the party which constitutes the Government, and he does so by surrendering the Great Seal. 2006 J. Updike Terrorist iv. 253 A scowling and unflattering image of himself is embedded with some numerical data important to the state of New Jersey and a hologrammatical, counterfeit-repellent image of its Great Seal. 2. a. (Lord) Keeper of the Great Seal n. (a) an officer of state in England, having custody of the Great Seal; cf. sense 2b (now historical); (b) a similar officer in Scotland.During the 12th cent. the office of Vice‐Chancellor in England developed into a separate office, Keeper of the Great Seal, which appears to have been used when the holder did not have the standing necessary for the office of Lord Chancellor. Following the Lord Keeper Act of 1562, the office of Lord Keeper of the Great Seal was held by the Lord Chancellor, although the title has not been granted since 1757.From 1885, the position of Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland was held by the Secretary of Scotland, and later the Secretary of State for Scotland. It is now held by the First Minister of Scotland. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > high officials of state > [noun] > Lord High Chancellor or Great Seal Chancellor of EnglandOE Chancellor of EnglandOE (Lord) Keeper of the Great Seal1545 Lord Keeper1562 custos sigilli1589 1545 Anno XXVIII Henrici VIII. Actes Made xvi. sig. D vii The kinges saide subiectes..shall haue receyue and obteyne of the chauncellour of Englande or keper of the great seale for the time beinge. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. ccvj He dubbed Thomas Awdeley, Speker of the parliament knight, and made hym lorde keper of the greate Seale. 1615 T. Mason Christs Victorie vi. 184 Sir Thomas Moore..was driuen to resigne his Chancelorship, deliuer vp the great seale into the Kings hands. After whom, succeeded Sir Thomas Audley, keeper of the great seale. a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) ii. 220 A Lord Chancellour of France, whose Decipher agrees exactly with this great Prelate, sometimes Lord Keeper of the Great Seal. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 36 He was advanced to be Keeper of the Great Seal of England..upon the removal of the Bishop of Lincoln. 1735 Lives Most Remarkable Criminals II. Pref. vii My Lord Chancellor, or Lord Keeper of the Great Seal. 1818 J. Adolphus Polit. State Brit. Empire IV. 209 Lord Keeper of the Great Seal. Before the Union, Scotland had a lord chancellor, whose office was analogous to that of the lord chancellor of England... He had the custody of the king's seal. 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. ix. 556 The..keeper of the great seal to be sworn to issue writs for a new parliament. 1997 Times (Nexis) 10 May The Scottish Secretary..was sworn in to the ancient office of Lord Keeper of the Great Seal at the High Court in Edinburgh. 2001 S. Bush Corr. John Cotton 93 [John] Williams was a favorite of the elderly James, who, in 1621, appointed him not just bishop of Lincoln..but also keeper of the great seal. †b. The custodian of a Great Seal; spec. = Keeper of the Great Seal n. at sense 2a; the Lord Chancellor. Obsolete.In quot. 1867 punning on great seal n.² ΚΠ 1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 15 Shall the Greate Seale come to the barr? First sende to him and heare his answere. 1641 in Fasti Aberd. (Spalding Club) 153 And his majestie wills and declaires, that thir presentis sall be a sufficient warrand..to the great seill and to his majestie's heigh chancellar for appending of the said seill, without passing of any uther seills or registeris. 1699 R. Harley Let. 2 Dec. in Rep. MSS Duke of Portland (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1894) III. 612 It is said the Great Seal and others are concerned in it. 1826 T. Coventry Powell's Treat. Law of Mortgages (ed. 6) II. xxiii. 1083 In a subsequent case, Lord Eldon said, the great seal would very cautiously relax the practice which required a security to be sold before a proof could be admitted. 1867 R. E. Egerton-Warburton Epigrams & Humorous Verses 23 Much pleasure, my lord, as a porpoise, I feel To find myself seated so near the Great Seal. 1913 J. R. Harris tr. Story of Ahikar in R. H. Charles Apocrypha & Pseudepigrapha Old Test. in Eng. II. 778 He is the Great Seal of Esarhaddon. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). great sealn.² Brit. /ˌɡreɪt ˈsiːl/, U.S. /ˌɡreɪt ˈsi(ə)l/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: great adj., seal n.¹ Etymology: < great adj. + seal n.¹ Now rare. The bearded seal, Erignathus barbatus. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Pinnipedia (seal, sea lion, or walrus) > [noun] > family Phocidae > miscellaneous types of great seal1771 monk seal1839 crab-eater1938 1771 T. Pennant Synopsis Quadrupeds 341 Great [Seal]. S[eal] resembling the common, but grow [sic] to the length of twelve feet... Inhabits the coast of Scotland, and the South of Greenland. 1827 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom V. 178 Bearded or Great Seal. 1839 J. D. Hooker Notes on Norway (ed. 2) 108 Mr. Edmondston is an indefatigable Seal-hunter, and has killed several specimens of the Great Seal, Phoca barbata, which is not unfrequently seen here. 1976 K. M. Briggs Dict. Fairies 354 In Orkney..the great seal, the grey seal, the crested seal and others, are called ‘the selkie folk’ because it is believed that their natural form is human. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1419n.²1771
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Great Sealn.1

great sealn.2

Great Sealn.¹

great sealn.²