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单词 hackle
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hacklen.1

Brit. /ˈhakl/, U.S. /ˈhækəl/
Forms:

α. Old English hacele, Old English hacole, Old English hacule, Old English–early Middle English hakele, late Old English hacel, Middle English hakel, Middle English hakille, Middle English hakle, Middle English 1600s hacle, 1500s– hackle, 1600s hackel; N.E.D (1898) also records a form late Middle English hakyll.

β. early Old English haecile, early Old English haecilae, early Old English hecile, early Old English hecæli (perhaps transmission error), Old English hæcla (Northumbrian, accusative).

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Old Saxon hakul cloak, chasuble (Middle Low German -hakel in mishakel chasuble), Old High German hachul cloak, chasuble (Middle High German hachel cloak), Old Icelandic hǫkull priest's cope, Gothic hakuls cloak (all strong masculine), and also (with a different form of the suffix causing i-mutation of the stem vowel) Old Frisian hexil cloak (of uncertain stem class and gender), Old Icelandic hekla cowled or hooded frock (strong feminine) < a Germanic base of uncertain origin (see note) + a derivative suffix (compare -le suffix). Compare mass-hackle n. at mass n.1 Compounds 2 and also mist-hackle n. at mist n.1 Compounds 2.Further etymology. It is often suggested that the underlying Germanic base is related to Old Church Slavonic koža skin, itself < the Slavonic base of koza she-goat, which is of uncertain (probably non-Indo-European) origin; however, this poses formal problems. Alternatively, it has been suggested that the Germanic base is the same as that of Old Icelandic haki hook (see hake n.2), used with reference to the fastening. Form history. In Old English usually a weak feminine, although strong plural forms are attested in late Old English for the compound mæssehacele (see mass-hackle n. at mass n.1 Compounds 2). The β. forms are typically Anglian. Forms such as early Old English haecile, etc., seem to show substitution of a form of the suffix causing i-mutation of a (and probably also palatalization of the medial consonant) within Old English, rather than being directly comparable to the cited Old Frisian and Old Icelandic parallels with i-mutation, while Old English hecile may reflect subsequent second fronting in Mercian.
1. A cloak, a mantle, an outer garment. Obsolete except in mass-hackle n. at mass n.1 Compounds 2.Cf. mist-hackle n. at mist n.1 Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > vestments > outer garments > [noun] > cassock or soutane
hackleeOE
pelisse1537
frock1548
sotane1652
cassock1664
soutanea1753
cassock1796
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > loose clothing > cloak, mantle, or cape
rifteOE
mantleeOE
whittlec900
hackleeOE
bratc950
reafOE
capec1275
copec1275
cloakc1300
toge?a1400
caster1567
togeman1567
vinegar1699
overcloak1831
pharos1871
eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) v. x. 124 Þa sende him mon ane blace hacelan angean, him on bismer, for triumphan.
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) v. 48 Ða ða se forma cyðere Stephanus for godes geleafan gestæned wæs, Saulus heold ealra ðæra stænendra hacelan.
OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 91 Clamis, hacele uel fotsid sciccel.
2. A covering or skin of any kind, esp. a snake's skin. Also in extended use. English regional in later use.Analysis of quot. a1475 is not certain; cf. hackled adj.1 1 and perhaps also hackle n.2 2.
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the world > animals > birds > feather > [noun] > collective or plumage
featherhama800
plumeOE
plumagec1395
feathera1400
shrouda1400
hacklea1450
plomaylec1475
pennage1591
gander's wool1600
feathering1721
plumery1795
plumeletage1855
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > [noun] > a covering
wrielsc825
coverc1320
hillingc1325
eyelida1382
covering1382
casea1398
coverta1400
tegumentc1440
hacklea1450
coverturec1450
housingc1450
deck1466
heeler1495
housera1522
coverlet1551
shrouda1561
kever1570
vele1580
periwig1589
hap1593
opercle1598
integument?1611
blanketa1616
cask1646
operiment1650
coverlid1654
tegment1656
shell?1677
muff1687
operculum1738
tegmen1807
the world > life > the body > skin > [noun]
swardc725
fellOE
hidea1000
leather1303
skina1325
rinda1413
swarth?c1450
swadc1460
thackc1480
skin coat1589
hackle1609
flesha1616
pelta1626
integument1664
barka1758
exoskeleton1839
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > covering or skin > [noun]
mantlea1475
hackle1609
integument1664
rind1667
leather1883
a1450 Castle Perseverance (1969) l. 2650 Þer wymmen arn are many wordys. Lete hem gone hoppyn wyth here hakle!
a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 165 Pecok in hakille ryally.
1609 I. Hoskin Serm. Parable of King sig. Cv There leauing their liues, as Snakes doe their Hackles in old hedges.
1658 tr. G. della Porta Nat. Magick i. xi. 17 The herb Dragon..is full of speckles like a Serpents hackle.
1682 tr. J. Goedaert Of Insects 33 They make themselves no covering (as all other Catterpillars are diligently wont to doe) but puting off their Hackle, they are changed into Chrysalis's.
1746 W. Ellis Agric. Improv'd I. May xvii. 116 The Slug slipped his outward Skin, or what we call his Hackle in Hertfordshire.
1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Hackle, substance about the person, as flesh, clothing. Property in general.
1892 M. C. F. Morris Yorks. Folk-talk 319 Hackle is the natural covering of any animal, the human skin..‘He's got a good hackle ov his back’.
3.
a. A conical straw cover used to protect a beehive from the weather. Now historical.
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the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > bee-keeping > [noun] > beehive > parts of
moutha1398
stool?1523
skirt1555
hackle1609
smoot1615
imp1618
bolster1623
cop1623
underlaya1642
hack1658
tee-hole1669
frame1673
hood1686
alighting board1780
body box1823
superhive1847
super1855
quilt1870
queen excluder1881
bar-super1884
brood box1888
1609 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie ii. sig. C1 Swine..rubbing against the hiues, and tearing the hacles.
1655 W. Mewe in S. Hartlib Reformed Common-wealth Bees 49 My Appiary consists of a row of little houses..which I find as cheap at seven yeares end as straw hacles.
1712 J. Warder True Amazons 47 The Mouse will..shelter himself betwixt the Hackle and the Hive.
1823 J. Milton London Apiarian Guide Bee-keepers 13 One of those fatal incidents to which this hive is subject, occurs through covering it with a hackle or turf, by which you entice their great enemy the mouse.
1846 Preston Guardian 24 Oct. 2/2 This small hive in the south is called a cap, and it should be protected from the weather by a straw hackle.
1886 W. B. Tegetmeier in Good Words 810 The old straw hive, which was..to be seen..covered with a straw hackle.
1923 Amer. Bee Jrnl. Mar. 126/3 To protect the skep from the weather, a straw thatch in the form of a hackle is used.
1988 A. M. Foster Bee Boles & Bee Houses 9/1 Straw skeps were protected with a variety of covers from straw hackles to old cream-separating pans.
2014 K. Foy Life in Victorian Kitchen 32 A cone-shaped cover, known as a ‘hackle’, was added in bad weather to deflect the rain.
b. A straw covering used to protect a wine bottle. Obsolete. rare.
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1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 336 At the palace gate or wall they usually hang up the hackles of old flasks to give notice that there is wine to be sold there.
c. English regional (southern). A straw covering for the apex of a rick (rick n.1 1a). Obsolete. rare.
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the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > storage or preservation of crops > [noun] > stacking or ricking > stack or rick > part of
staddle?a1500
boll-roakinga1642
hood1658
stall1688
well1710
staddle1743
hood-sheaf1799
tipple1799
hooding-sheaf1802
hooder1807
hackle1842
hay-hut1903
1842 J. Y. Akerman Gloss. Provinc. Words Wilts. 24 Hackle, the straw covering of the apex of a rick.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

hacklen.2

Brit. /ˈhakl/, U.S. /ˈhækəl/
Forms: late Middle English hakell, late Middle English hakyll, 1500s hackell, 1500s–1600s hackel, 1600s– hackle, 1800s haickle (Scottish). See also heckle n., hatchel n.
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: heckle n.
Etymology: Variant or alteration of heckle n., perhaps after hack v.1 Compare the (later) β. forms at hatchel n.
1.
a. A tool for splitting and combing out flax, hemp, or (occasionally) other fibres, typically consisting of a board or bar set with sharp steel pins arranged in rows through which the fibres are drawn; such an instrument forming part of a hackling machine. Also (rarely): a machine for hackling flax, hemp, etc. Cf. heckle n., hatchel n.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > treating or processing flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > heckling > implement for
hatchelc1300
hecklea1425
hacklec1485
hetch1598
flax-comb1611
hack1658
gill1819
flax-hackle1825
rougher1828
ruffer1853
c1485 Inventory in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 368 Unum hakell pro lino.
1599 T. Moffett Silkewormes 4 Beetles, hackels, wheeles, and frame, Wherwith to bruse, touse, spin & weaue the same.
1724 Treat. conc. Manner Fallowing of Ground v. 83 If you would have your Hemp or Flax brought to be yet finer, you must hackle it a third Time, and that in your finest Hackle.
1797 Monthly Mag. 3 301 The introduction of steel hackles, in place of wire, to prepare wool, cotton, etc...for spinning cordage or lines.
1854 J. Sproule Irish Industr. Exhib. 1853 182 This machine has two circles thirty inches diameter, with six gradations of hackles.
1892 E. A. Posselt Struct. Fibres, Yarns & Fabrics I. 198 He places the root end of the flax in the hackle and holding the piece by the crop end, then pulls it out.
1943 L. H. Dewey Fiber Production in Western Hemisphere (U.S. Dept. Agric. Misc. Publ. No. 518) 67/1 Most of the work of hackling is now done with machine hackles in the spinning mills.
1980 B. Gordon Shaker Textile Arts 36 (caption) The flax would be drawn through a succession of hackles, each finer-toothed than the last.
2014 S. Gaustad Pract. Spinner's Guide ii. 64/1 Hackles are a necessary tool for the flax spinner, especially for one who spins line flax.
b. Hairdressing. A tool used to prepare hair for wigs, hair extensions, etc., consisting of a board set with sharp steel pins arranged in rows through which the hair is drawn.
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the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > implements used in styling the hair > [noun] > comb
comba700
pocket-tortoise1687
whisk-comb1688
dressing comb1782
tail comb1782
rake-comb1790
reding comb1795
fine-tooth comb1852
hackle1903
rat-tail comb1937
rake1966
Afro pick1971
pick1972
detangler1984
1903 A. M. Sutton Boardwork (ed. 2) i. 9 A ‘card’ or ‘hackle’, used for disentangling combings, smoothing and mixing hair, is a magnified comb composed of steel spikes or prongs.
1910 Fabrics, Fancy Goods & Notions Nov. 44/2 ‘Switches’..are put on a hackle, a board set with sharp steel spikes, where every hair is separated into even lengths.
2009 T. Debreceni Special Make-up Effects for Stage & Screen (2013) viii. 321 As hair is pulled through the hackle, short hairs and tangled wads..will build up in the pins.
2.
a. Each of the long feathers found on the necks of certain birds, as the domestic cock, peacock, pigeon, pheasant, etc., and capable of being erected in display (also neck hackle); such feathers collectively; the part of the neck on which they grow. Also: each of the similar feathers from the saddle or lower back (more fully saddle hackle). Quot. 1653 was printed in a mangled and distorted form by Johnson (1755), who founded on it a mistaken explanation: ‘Raw silk, any filmy substance unspun’. Although corrected in Todd's edition of Johnson's Dict. (1818), this spurious sense of hackle (sometimes with ‘flimsy’ substituted for ‘filmy’) continues to be reproduced in dictionaries.
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the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > hen or cock > [noun] > cock > parts of > feather
hackle1496
heckle?a1500
sickle-feather1688
saddle feather1854
saddle hackle1854
sickle1882
1496 Treat. Fysshynge wyth Angle in Bk. St. Albans (rev. ed.) sig. i.iiiv The yelow flye. the body of yelow wull: the wynges of the redde cocke hakyll.
a1589 L. Mascall Bk. Fishing (1590) 17 The yellow Fly..is good, the body made of yellow wooll, and the winges made of the redde cockes hackell or taile.
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler iv. 110 Take the hackel of a Cock or Capons neck..take of the one side of the feather, and then take the hackel, Silk or Crewel, Gold or Silver thred, make these fast at the bent of the hook [etc.] . View more context for this quotation
1735 J. Moore Columbarium 39 This Pigeon affords a very great Variety of Colours in its Plumage... Amongst all, there is a Mixture of three Colours, vulgarly call'd an Almond, perhaps from the Quantity of Almond colour'd Feathers that are found in the Hackle.
1787 T. Best Conc. Treat. Angling (ed. 2) 110 The Red-fly comes on about the middle of February..it's wings are made artificially of a dark drake's feather, the body of the red part of squirrel's fur, with the red hackle of a cock.
1850 D. J. Browne Amer. Poultry Yard 22 The hackles of the lower part of the back.
1867 W. B. Tegetmeier Pigeons xi. 117 The hackle, or neck-feathers, should be bright.
1970 H. E. Smith Bantams i. 9 Feathers towards the stern are correctly called ‘saddle hackles’.
1970 H. E. Smith Bantams iii. 19 The colours of a Red Jungle Fowl..male are neck hackle, golden; saddle hackle, orange.
1980 R. Haig-Brown New Blood in V. Haig-Brown Woods & River Tales xv. 151 A Rhode Island hen had an early brood of a dozen or more chicks by the black stump behind the barn. She raised her hackles as he passed and warned him, with a little angry skirring sound, to keep his distance.
b. Military. A plume or short spray of coloured feathers attached to a beret, helmet, or other military headdress and worn as a regimental emblem, different colours being associated with particular regiments.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > parts of headgear > [noun] > plume (of feathers, etc.)
crestelc1320
crestc1380
plumach1494
plumasse1494
plume1530
plumage1565
panache1584
plumassery1613
kalgi1715
hackle1816
heckle1855
panache-crest1864
osprey1885
paradise1905
1816 C. James New Mil. Dict. (ed. 4) 220/1 Hackle, this feather may be properly called the regulation feather. It is worn by the subalterns of the army, and must be eight inches long.
1835 Army & Navy Chron. 10 Dec. 400/1 Plume, red upright hackle, twelve inches long; aiguillette on the left shoulder of yellow worsted.
1884 Times 18 Mar. 7 The 42nd [1st Battalion, Royal Highlanders]..received the red hackle as an honourable distinction.
1902 Sphere 4 Oct. 19 The hackle of the Irish Guards is St. Patrick's blue.
1978 R. J. Marrion & D. S. V. Fosten Brit. Army 1914–18 29/1 Blue bonnets were issued, small in circumference, and worn with khaki covers, complete with the red hackle.
2009 T. Royle Cameronians (Electronic ed.) The regiment's 1st battalion..wears the black hackle of The Cameronians.
c. In plural. Erectile hairs along the back, neck, or shoulders of an animal (esp. a dog), which rise when it is angry or alarmed.
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the world > life > the body > external parts of body > neck > [noun] > back of neck > hair at
hackles1839
kitchen1964
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [noun] > parts of > (parts of) head, neck and face
race?1523
worm1530
rake1685
apple head1830
hackles1839
stop1867
butterfly nose1878
lay-back1894
1839 New Sporting Mag. June 406 The glorious sight of fifteen couples of deep toned hounds with their hackles up swimming in full cry.
1868 Fraser's Mag. Oct. 507/1 What ails old Vic? A slight tremor passes through her frame, her hackles bristle.
1905 Baily's Mag. Apr. 275/2 Two fields from that point the pack suddenly viewed their fox. Up went their hackles.
1971 M. W. Fox Behaviour Wolves, Dogs & Related Canids x. 196 The grey fox possesses no shoulder hackles.
2007 M. De Kretser Lost Dog 110 He shivered, and heard soft growling. The dog's hackles had risen.
d. Chiefly in plural. In various phrases indicating that a person is, or has been made, angry, irritated, frightened, or (in earlier use) excited. Frequently in to make a person's hackles rise, to get a person's hackles up.
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1843 J. Mills Stage Coach II. ix. 117 Smooth your hackles, governor... Don't come the frothy. What's put you out?
1852 ‘Scrutator’ Lett. Managem. Hounds xxi. 232 This polite message..had the effect of raising my hackles a little.
1881 C. Phillipps-Wolley Sport in Crimea 76 As my hackles were now fairly up, I crept and ran as well as I could after my wounded game.
1916 B. Atkey Smiler Bunn Brigade 153 That's what Germany's up against—Great Britain, France, Russia, half the world, in fact, with their hackles up.
1933 Lowell (Mass.) Sun 18 Sept. 8/5 Stories..that make the flesh to creep and the hackles to rise.
1935 N. M. Gunn Highland Night iii. 30 At the least opportunity they got fighting like this. Indeed the very sight of him raised her hackle.
1993 S. Marshall Nest of Magpies (1994) v. 38 His voice was..tinged with enough condescension to make my hackles rise.
2015 Express (Nexis) 6 June 12 A blinkered assumption that led them to behave in a manner which undoubtedly got the public's hackles up.
e. In plural: a moustache. Obsolete. rare.
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the world > life > the body > hair > hair on lower part of face > [noun] > moustache
mustachio1551
mustachio beard1566
moustache1585
mustachiosa1593
bigote1622
dibble1631
umbrage1657
whisker1706
lip-wing1825
facial hair1830
mousetail1853
lip-hair1873
lip-thatch1892
hackles1894
mo1894
tash1894
zit1912
mouser1922
stash1940
taz1951
stache1963
mush1967
1894 R. D. Blackmore Perlycross II. ii. 35 He had no moustache to stroke—for only cavalry officers..as yet wore ginger hackles.
3. British regional. A stickleback (genus Gasterosteus). Cf. heckleback n. Obsolete.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Gasterosteiformes (sticklebacks) > [noun] > family Gasterosteidae > member of (stickleback)
sticklinga1400
stitlingc1425
sticklebacka1475
shaftling1558
sharpling1558
stansticklea1637
hackle1655
pricklefish1668
prickling1668
jack sharp?1758
tittlebat1781
Jack Sharpnails1787
thorny-back1811
struttle1821
bandie1825
tinker1833
thornback1859
tiddler1885
1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xix. 181 Hackles or Sticklebacks are supposed to come of the seed of fishes spilt or miscarrying in the water.
1661 R. Lovell Πανζωορυκτολογια, sive Panzoologicomineralogia 235 Stickle-backs, Hackles; or Harry bannings.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Hackle..a west-country name for the stickleback.
1883 E. Phipson Animal-lore of Shakspeare's Time xiv. 332 The tiny Stickleback, Stickle-bag, Hackle, Sharplin, Bansticle, probably owes its proud position at the head of the great fish class to the fact that it is a good representative of the spiny-finned fishes.
4.
a. Angling. An artificial fly constructed with a hackle feather wound around one end of the body, typically to imitate the legs of an insect; a hackle fly. Chiefly with preceding modifying word indicating the type. Cf. palmer n.1 2b.dun hackle, plain hackle, red hackle, etc.: see the first element.
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the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > artificial fly > types of
moor flylOE
drake-flya1450
dub-flya1450
dun cut1496
dun fly1496
louper1496
red fly1616
moorish fly1635
palmer1653
palmer fly1653
red hackle1653
red palmer1653
shell-fly1653
orange fly1662
blackfly1669
dun1676
dun hackle1676
hackle1676
mayfly1676
peacock fly1676
thorn-tree fly1676
turkey-fly1676
violet-fly1676
whirling dun1676
badger fly1681
greenfly1686
moorish brown1689
prime dun1696
sandfly1700
grey midge1724
whirling blue1747
dun drake?1758
death drake1766
hackle fly1786
badger1787
blue1787
brown-fly1787
camel-brown1787
spinner1787
midge1799
night-fly1799
thorn-fly1799
turkey1799
withy-fly1799
grayling fly1811
sun fly1820
cock-a-bondy1835
brown moth1837
bunting-lark fly1837
governor1837
water-hen hackle1837
Waterloo fly1837
coachman1839
soldier palmer1839
blue jay1843
red tag1850
canary1855
white-tip1856
spider1857
bumble1859
doctor1860
ibis1863
Jock Scott1866
eagle1867
highlander1867
jay1867
John Scott1867
judge1867
parson1867
priest1867
snow-fly1867
Jack Scott1874
Alexandra1875
silver doctor1875
Alexandra fly1882
grackle1894
grizzly queen1894
heckle-fly1897
Zulu1898
thunder and lightning1910
streamer1919
Devon1924
peacock1950
1676 C. Cotton Compl. Angler viii. 78 A white Hackle, the body of white Mo-hair, and wrapped about with a white Hackle Feather.
1696 J. Smith True Art Angling 93 The brown Hackle made of the lightest brown hair.
1787 T. Best Conc. Treat. Angling (ed. 2) 93 Golden Palmer, or Hackle.
1799 tr. Laboratory (ed. 6) II. x. 301 Black-hackle. Body, pale yellow silk, with a black cock's hackle turned about it.
1839 T. C. Hofland Brit. Angler's Man. (1841) xvii. 226 The dotteril hackle is one of the surest flies that can be used in the north of England.
a1861 T. Winthrop Life in Open Air (1863) xii. 91 We threw our flies. Instantly at the lucky hackle something darted.
1909 E. B. Chase Transcontinental Sketches 93 The ‘Coachman’,..‘Brown Hackle’ and ‘Black Gnat’ flies..still hold the fisherman's affections.
1950 J. E. Leonard Flies vi. 75 If trout will not take a hackle, they will take nothing so far as flies are concerned.
2004 B. Wyatt Trout Hunting (2005) v. 94 I'll always have a range of peacock-bodied flies like the Red Tag and the Grey Hackle.
b. As a mass noun. Hackle feathers used in making such a fly.
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the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > artificial fly > materials
herla1450
warping1676
hackle1706
hackling1845
1706 R. Howlett Anglers Sure Guide vii. 102 Some make Palmer-worms and Grubs with Hogs-wooll,..and use no Hackle at all.
1836 J. M. Sherer Broken Font I. xiv. 221 Old Noble had long ago taught himself to make cabbage nets, twist fishing lines, and turn hackle into flies.
1895 R. B. Marston in J. T. Burgess Angling & how to Angle xvi. 154 A fly made with the wings standing out from the body.., and with rather more hackle than is needed in wet fly-fishing.
1918 Amer. Angler May 38/1 Though made of raffia without much hackle it will naturally sink slowly to the bottom when cast down stream.
2011 J. Schollmeyer & T. Leeson Flies for Western Super Hatches ii. 166/2 We dress this pattern with a bit more hackle than is customary for soft-hackle designs.

Phrases

P1. to show hackle: to demonstrate a willingness to fight or quarrel.
ΚΠ
1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words II Show-hackle, to be willing to fight. I. of Wight.
1884 ‘Greendragon’ & ‘Dandelion’ Sports Spiced & Pastimes Peppered 28 Gentlemen and noblemen who, when it is found necessary to show ‘hackle’, will do so.
1966 G. Heyer Black Sheep ii. 37 She was slightly on the defensive, not yet hostile, but ready to show hackle.
1999 S. Paretsky Hard Time xiv. 108 Why did I have to show hackle every time my fur was ruffled?
P2. a cock of the same (also a different) hackle and variants: a person who is very similar to (or different from) another, esp. in behaviour or attitudes. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1865 C. Kingsley Hereward in Good Words 1 July 485/1 Fight it out..with a cock of a very different hackle.
1891 S. J. Weyman Story Francis Cludde iv. 40 A young fellow just your age, and a cock of your hackle, I judge, who is wanted for heresy.
1892 Penny Illustr. Paper 2 Apr. 2/2 Mr. Dalziel is a cock of a very different hackle to Mr. Frederick Smith.
1923 Times 20 June 14/2 One of Ker's favourite winter diversions at Oxford was to embark with the present Master of Balliol (a cock, in some respects, of the same hackle) in a stout gig.
1969 F. P. Wilson Eng. Drama 1485–1585 i. 36 Kirchmayer was a cock of the same hackle, and his Latin play..yields nothing to Bale in the bitterness of its polemic.

Compounds

hackle bar n. a bar set with hackle pins which forms part of a machine for combing flax or other fibres; cf. hackle pin n.
ΚΠ
1848 Patent Jrnl. 24 June 98/1 By this..arrangement of the screws, the hackle-bars will be carried forward at different degrees of speed.
1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 431 The object of these guide plates is to support the hackle bars in passing over the small rollers.
1994 K. K. Ho U.S. Patent 5,361,468 5 A system for..hackling wig yarns comprising:..a power transmission gear transmitting the rotational force of said motor to said hackle bars.
hackle bench n. a bench, table, or board to which hackles are attached (see sense 1a) .In quot. 1860 forming part of a hackling machine.
ΚΠ
1860 R. Hunt Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 5) II. 242 Hackle bench sometimes revolving so as to present different degrees of hackles at its various angles, sometimes stationary.
1907 A. Deane Belfast Munic. Art Gallery & Museum Q. Notes Mar. 17 Rougher's hackle and hackle bench.
1976 A. Crawford H. Snider 281 We had all the flax equipment to demonstrate each step. First,..the Snider flax breaker, then their wonderfully inventive scutcher, then the hackle bench with coarse and fine hackles.
hackle feather n. a feather from the neck or saddle of a bird (cf. sense 2a); spec. this feather used for making a fishing fly (cf. sense 4a).
ΚΠ
1676 C. Cotton Compl. Angler viii. 78 The body of white Mohair, and wrapped about with a white Hackle Feather.
1839 Bell's Life in London 9 June 4/5 Prepare your hackle feather.., and fasten it with two laps of silk.
1888 Daily News 22 May 2/3 The hackle feathers of the male bird are several feet long.
1973 Black Perspective in Music 1 173 A muslim turban with silver crescent in front, surmounted with a scarlet hackle feather.
2011 J. Schollmeyer & T. Leeson Flies for Western Super Hatches i. 32/1 Keep the plane of the hackle feather vertical and the glossy side facing the hook bend.
hackle fly n. Angling = sense 4a.
ΚΠ
1786 North-country Angler ii. 9 This fly should not be a hackle fly, but a dubbed one.
1881 Fishing Gaz. 2 July 8/2 A hackle fly..made with bright purple silk and snipes feather.
2015 J. Shewey Classic Steelhead Flies iv. 88/1 The simple Hackle flies..date back to the earliest days of fly fishing in Great Britain.
hackle maker n. [compare earlier heckle maker at heckle n. Compounds 1] now historical a person employed to make hackles (sense 1a), or to make or maintain hackling machinery.
ΚΠ
1719 Evening Post 22 Sept. (advt.) Charles Milward of Coventry, Hackle-maker, Jersey Comb-maker, and Perriwig Card-maker.
1892 Belfast News-letter 14 Mar. 2/4 Wanted, work as hackle-maker by steady Man; twenty years' experience; well up in classing and repairing machines and cards.
2004 J. Roup Fisherman in Saddle 14 Andrew was a hackle maker, whose job was to set up the sharp combs used in the textile manufacturing process to separate the fibres of cotton, flax or jute.
hackle pin n. [compare earlier heckle pin n.] any of the pins of a hackle (sense 1a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > treating or processing flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > heckling > implement for > tooth of
heckle pin1764
hackle tooth1821
hackle pin1854
1854 Mechanics' Mag. 12 Aug. 164/2 Thomas Richards Harding, of Leeds, York, hackle and hackle-pin manufacturer.
1920 Engin. World Nov. 382/3 The hanks of fiber are fed into a machine known as a breaker.., and combed by hackle pins.
2005 W. H. Crawford Impact Domest. Linen Industry Ulster v. 51 The fibre was then drawn through a series of blocks containing different sizes of hackle pins.
hackle-raising adj. causing the hair to stand up at the back of the neck; terrifying, spine-chilling.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [adjective] > causing anger
angering1596
provocativea1600
incensive1633
provokinga1643
provocating1651
aggravating1685
inflammatorya1711
provocatory1870
hackle-raising1935
1935 Washington Post 16 May 9/4 Young North steps into things, notably a couple of hackle-raising fights.
1956 E. C. Hiscock Around World in Wanderer III vii. 100 Most evenings..the hackle-raising rat-tat-tat of the drums vibrated out across the lagoon.
1987 Los Angeles Times 20 June v. 6/5 Passengers are immediately thrust into a 360-degree loop, then an even more hackle-raising series of 135-degree..banks.
2015 D. Nicholas Throne of Darkness xxxi. 247 Now and then, a peal of eerie, hackle-raising laughter would ring out over the blood-soaked field.
hackle sheet n. Obsolete a sheet set with hackles (sense 1a), which forms part of a machine for combing flax or other fibres.
ΚΠ
1851 Belfast News-letter 10 Nov. 1/3 ‘Robinson's’, or the ‘Belfast’ machine..was but a hackle sheet, constructed so as to revolve round two cylinders.
1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 425 Pulleys for carrying the hackle sheets.
1907 H. R. Carter Mod. Flax, Hemp, Jute Spinning & Twisting 31 For coarse hackles the number of hackles in the group may correspond with the number of bars on the hackle sheet.
hackle tooth n. [compare earlier heckle tooth at heckle n. Compounds 1] any of the teeth of a hackle (sense 1a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > treating or processing flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > heckling > implement for > tooth of
heckle pin1764
hackle tooth1821
hackle pin1854
1821 Repertory Arts, Manuf., & Agric. Apr. 271 At three or four inches apart, I place single rows of comb or hackle-teeth across the board.
1859 Pract. Mechanic's Jrnl. Dec. 237/2 The tow is removed from the hackle teeth by the rotatory brushes.
2010 G. Givens & S. Givens 500 Little-Known Facts about Nauvoo 5 From such iron, Nauvoo blacksmiths made horseshoes.., plowshares, hackle teeth, and so on.

Derivatives

hacklewise adv. Angling Obsolete in the manner of a hackle (sense 4a).
ΚΠ
1845 Bell's Life in London 6 July Body..dressed moderately thick and full; wings and legs, a feather hackle-wise from a starling over the whole.
1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling vi. 213 A capital hot weather fly dressed hacklewise.
1921 Amer. Angler Apr. 599/2 Dispense here with the wings except only as they together with the legs may be suggested by a hackle dressing; this is termed dressing a fly hacklewise or ‘buzz’.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

hacklev.1

Forms: 1500s hackell, 1500s–1800s hackle, 1600s hacle.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: hack v.1, -le suffix.
Etymology: < hack v.1 + -le suffix Compare Middle Dutch hackelen to notch, to hack into small pieces (Dutch hakkelen ). Compare haggle v. 1.
Obsolete.
1. transitive. To cut roughly; to hack; to slash. Also with off: to remove by hacking.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > cut [verb (transitive)] > cut roughly in order to damage
hacka1200
mangle1528
hackle1564
behack1565
to rip up1567
to cut upa1592
hash1591
bemangle1601
hagglea1616
hacker1807
snag1811
butch1834
1564 T. Dorman Proufe Certeyne Articles in Relig. f. 129v Of some they hackled and mangled the faces.
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 2204/1 William Swallow..with a cleauer, such as is occupied in many mens kitchins, and blunt, did hackell of his head.
1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. X2v I haue seene a Mountebanke hackle and gash his naked arme with a knife most pittifully to beholde.
1684 London Gaz. No. 1959/4 His Hair not shav'd but cut and hackled with a pair of Sheers.
1721 in C. Mather Tremenda 34 I put her to Bed, and hackled her Throat with a Razour.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 285 The other divisions of the kingdom being hackled and torn to pieces. View more context for this quotation
1794 R. Jephson Confessions J. B. Couteau II. xvii. 113 A Killer..then advanced, and casting her neck over one of his knees, hackled off her head.
1849 New York Herald 25 May 3/5 John Price..has killed four men, and cut, hackled, and slashed with his dirks and bowie knives at least double that number.
1876 T. S. Egan tr. H. Heine Atta Troll 222 'Twill prickle and hackle your faces.
2. intransitive. To cut with a rough, sawing motion; (also) to slash at something.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > cutting > cut [verb (intransitive)]
carve?c1225
rivec1275
shearc1275
cutc1400
racea1413
incise?1541
slash1548
slive1558
hackle1577
haggle1577
slice1606
snipa1680
chip1844
bite1849
1577 N. Breton Floorish vpon Fancie sig. G.iij Cruell care..lyke a Sawe, still hackling to and froe, Thus gnawes my harte with grypes of weary woe.
1589 ‘Marphoreus’ Martins Months Minde To Rdr. sig. C2v These lustie youthes..hackle at our throate.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

hacklev.2

Brit. /ˈhakl/, U.S. /ˈhækəl/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: hackle n.2, heckle v.
Etymology: Either (i) < hackle n.2 or (ii) a variant of heckle v. Compare the β. forms at hatchel v. Compare slightly earlier hack v.2
1.
a. transitive. To prepare (flax, hemp, etc.) with a hackle or hackling machine, splitting, straightening, and combing the fibres in preparation for spinning. Cf. hackle n.2 1a, hatchel v. 1a, heckle v. 1a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > treating or processing flax, hemp, or jute > treat or process flax, hemp, or jute [verb (transitive)] > heckle
hatchela1325
hecklea1325
hack1577
hackle1599
carminate1604
tow1615
rough1817
ruff1853
strick1894
1599 J. Minsheu Percyvall's Dict. Spanish & Eng. 118/3 Espadár líno, to card flax, to hackle flax.
1740 Ess. & Observ. (Dublin Soc.) 166 Fine Flax-Dressing..consists only of two Branches, fining the Flax and hackling it.
1787 Let. 22 Dec. in Trans. Soc. Arts (1788) 6 164 I ordered about two thirds [of the Bark] to be hackled, much in the manner of dressing Flax or Hemp.
1803 M. Edgeworth Frank iv. 10 in Early Lessons ix ‘I am going to hackle the flax..,’ said the woman; and she began to comb the flax with these steel combs.
1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. xviii. 426 Small quantities of hemp were grown..and..the produce was hackled and spun by the servants.
1966 T. H. Raddall Hangman's Beach i. vii. 101 Paddles a-clappin' on the water like a hundred Pennsylvany Dutch gals hacklin' flax.
1994 ‘Before I forget…’ May 27/2 The scutched flax has first to be ‘hackled’.
2014 S. Gaustad Pract. Spinner's Guide 67 You will..make your spinning chore much easier by hackling the fiber before spinning it.
b. transitive. Hairdressing. To draw (hair) through a hackle, esp. in preparation for making wigs, hair extensions, etc. Cf. hackle n.2 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > beautify (the hair) [verb (transitive)] > comb
kembc1000
comb1398
pectinate1623
rede1718
to comb out1854
redd1864
back-comb1865
fine-tooth comb1889
rat1904
hackle1929
tease1957
sleek1959
1929 H. S. Redgrove & G. A. Foan Blonde or Brunette iii. ix. 157 After bleaching, the hair is dried, hackled and prepared for the blueing.
1931 G. A. Foan Art & Craft Hairdressing i. 11/1 When dry the hair is ready for drawing off into roots and points. Taking each section separately the student should lightly hackle the extreme ends.
1966 J. Stevens Cox Illustr. Dict. Hairdressing & Wigmaking 68/1 Hackle, to draw hair through a hackle to disentangle it.
1995 P. Delamar Compl. Make-up Artist Index 211/1 Hackling hair.
2. transitive. To question or interrogate, esp. in a public meeting, law court, etc.; = cross-hackle v. Cf. heckle v. 3a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > interrogation > question, interrogate [verb (transitive)]
afraynec1380
speera1400
refraynea1450
searcha1450
questiona1470
interrogate1483
interrogue1484
demanda1513
pose1526
ferret1582
shrive1592
samen?1620
query1653
quiza1843
hackle1891
rag1908
1891 Deb. House of Commons (Canada) 24 Sept. 6111 That poor man Murphy..was hackled and cross-examined by the most acute legal talent in the country.
1896 Proc. & Trans. Nova Scotian Inst. Sci. 9 p. li In Newfoundland hackle and cross-hackle are specially applied to the questioning of a witness by a lawyer, when carried to a worrying degree.
1907 Dental Rec. May 256 He was in hopes the members would have hackled him... He would have liked to hear opponents to the whole of the scheme, or such points as were weak.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

hacklev.3

Forms: see hackle n.1
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: hackle n.1
Etymology: < hackle n.1
Obsolete.
transitive. To cover (a beehive or bees in a hive) with a hackle (hackle n.1 3a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > bee-keeping > [verb (transitive)] > fit out hive
hackle1609
spleet1609
1609 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie vii. sig. I5v In sommer extreame heate melteth the combes..if the hiues be not shaded, and wel haccled.
1634 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie (new ed.) iii. 51 Dat dey bee close cloomed..and well hackled doun to, or below, de Stoole.
1836 Brit. Mag. 1 Mar. 260 The row of bee-hives..protected from the scorching sun, the searching rain, or the biting blast, by a wheatsheaf ‘hackled’ or spread over the top of each.
1879 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. (at cited word) It's gettin' time to 'ackle an' clicket the bees—theer'll be a snow afore lung.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

hacklev.4

Brit. /ˈhakl/, U.S. /ˈhækəl/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: hackle n.2
Etymology: < hackle n.2
1. transitive. Angling. To dress (a fly) with a hackle feather. Also (rarely): to wind (a feather) round a hook when making a fly. Cf. hackle n.2 4a, hackle feather n. at hackle n.2 Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > type or method of fishing > [verb (transitive)] > dress fly
duba1450
hackle1835
buss1882
undertie1894
1835 Bell's Life in London 31 May The Iron Blue, which I dress from the outside feather of the but end of a snipe's wing simply hackled round a small hook.
1840 J. Wilson Rod & Gun 232 The Professor...His body is formed of Paisley yellow flos silk... It is not always advisable to try to hackle him.
1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling xi. 347 Blue jay hackled over the wing.
1955 Fisherman Feb. 41/1 (caption) Dean Rosebery shows his class how to hackle a fly.
1991 T. Combs Steelhead Fly Fishing 49 I usually prefer to use saddle hackle to hackle my wet flies.
2004 C. Robbins On Fly Guide to N. Rockies 196 Once you have completed hackling the fly, gently secure the hackle to the wing as you would to a hook.
2.
a. intransitive. With up. Of a person: to become angry or irritated.
ΚΠ
1935 H. L. Davis Honey in Horn x. 129 He could keep people from asking questions about it by hackling up and yelling at them.
1975 Field & Stream Aug. 104/2 The protestor you've piqued will hackle up and sputter ‘Ride?..I rode before I walked.’
2006 K. MacAlister Light my Fire xii. 85 ‘It wasn't exactly my choice of ways to start the day, either,’ I said, hackling up a bit at his high-handed attitude.
b. intransitive. Of an animal: to raise the hackles, usually as a sign of warning or fear. Also of fur or hair: to stand up. Frequently with up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [verb (intransitive)] > raise the bristles or hackles
brustle1656
bristle1694
hackle1953
1953 Boys' Life Jan. 45/1 In a second the dogs hackled up, snarling.
1972 R. Adams Watership Down xix. 117 ‘What in Frith's name makes a noise like that?’ said Bigwig, his great fur cap hackling between his ears.
1980 R. Adams Girl in Swing (1981) xviii. 236 I walked towards the car and at once the dog hackled up.
2006 R. T. Smith Uke Rivers Delivers 32 The hair on their necks hackled up.
2014 D. Enderle Clawed! 51 His fur hackled and he shuddered.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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