haggardn.¹

Brit.

/ˈhaɡəd/, U.S.

/ˈhæɡərd/, Irish English

/ˈhæɡərd/, Manx English

/ˈhæɡəd/

Forms: late Middle English–1500s hagard, 1500s hagarde, 1500s– haggard, 1600s–1800s hagyard, 1800s– haggart, 1900s– heggard.

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic heygarðr rickyard) < the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic hey hay n.¹ + the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic garðr garth n.¹ Compare post-classical Latin hagardum (frequently from 13th cent. in Irish sources, 1326 in a Welsh source).The form hagyard shows remodelling of the second element after yard n.¹; compare also hay-yard n. at hay n.¹ Compounds 1a(b). Recorded chiefly in areas of Scandinavian settlement or influence.

Chiefly Irish English and Manx English.

A farmyard or similar enclosure where ricks of hay, corn, etc., are stored; a rickyard.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > storage or preservation of crops > [noun] > stacking or ricking > stack-yard

stack-garth1293

haggard1452

stack-yard1569

rickyard1586

mowhay1612

mow-barton1642

rick-barton1656

mow-yard1869

1452 in J. T. Gilbert Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 275 (MED) That no hagards man dwellyng whitin the cite shulde no sell no maner of corne outewardes to no straungeris.

1471–2 in Statutes Parl. Ireland (1914) III. 750 (MED) De ensercher & examinere lez hagardes & de ordeiner lez ditz greinez & vitailx de estre portez al comune marchee.

1587 J. Hooker tr. Giraldus Cambrensis Vaticinall Hist. Conquest Ireland ii. xxi. 44/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II All such corne as they had in their haggards.

1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 69 When the barn was full any one might thresh in the haggard.

1749 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) II. 511 We saw great quantities of new corn in the haggards as we came along through Staffordshire.

1794 Manks Mercury 31 Mar. The Barns, Chaife-houses, Hagyards, &c. opposite to the last mentioned premises.

1848 Act 11 & 12 Victoria c. 69 §2 The malicious burning of houses, barns, haggards, corn, or other articles or effects.

1894 H. Caine Manxman 107 She could see the barley stack growing in the haggard.

1960 Courier (Isle of Man) 27 May 5/1 It [sc. the car] was placed in the farm haggart.

2011 Irish Independent 1 Oct. (Rolling Back the Years section) 26/1 One of my earliest memories is of sliding down the long neck of Neddy, the farm horse, when he bent down suddenly to drink in the well in the haggard beside my uncle's house.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

haggardn.²

Brit.

/ˈhaɡəd/, U.S.

/ˈhæɡərd/

Forms: see haggard adj.; also 1600s hoggard.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: haggard adj.

Etymology: < haggard adj. With sense 2 compare also later haggard n.³

1. Falconry. An adult hawk, either living wild or caught for training when already in its adult plumage; spec. (esp. in early use) a female of this type (cf. haggard tiercel n. at Compounds). Cf. haggard adj. 1a.Applied most commonly to the peregrine; by some writers misinterpreted as the name of a species (cf. quots. 1768, 1828).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > [noun] > family Falconidae > genus Falco (falcon) > falco peregrinus (peregrine falcon)

falcona1250

peregrine falconc1395

peregrine1555

haggard1567

passenger1575

pilgrim1792

duck-hawk1884

the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > hawk > female

formelc1381

haggard1567

1567 G. Turberville Epitaphes, Epigrams f. 15^v Liue like a haggard still therefore, And for no luring care.

1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iii. i. 36 Her spirits are as coy and wild, As haggerds of the rocke.

1607 Lingua ii. v, in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1874) IX. 379 A wondrous flight Of falcons, haggards, hobbies, terselets, Lanards and goshawks.

1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation ii. 28/1 If taken after Lent, she is properly called a Haggard; and when she hath preyed for her self a year, and hath mewed most of her Feathers, she is called an Intermewed Haggard.

1768 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) I. ii. 139 The falcon, the falcon gentle, and the haggard, are made distinct species, whereas they form only one.

1828 J. S. Sebright Observ. Hawking (new ed.) 32 The older hawks are called haggards: it is these that ornithologists have mistaken for a distinct species, calling it the Peregrine Falcon.

1953 S. Bellow Adventures Augie March xv. 331 ‘I have to know if he was ever a haggard—ever hunted wild.’ ‘He's never been outside that cage since practically from hatching.’

1998 Falconers & Raptor Conservation Mag. Spring 25/1 He can't be any wilder than a passage [hawk] or haggard and I've flown many of them.

†2. figurative. A wild, intractable person, esp. a woman. Obsolete (in later use archaic).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [noun] > perverseness > person

frowarda1529

haggard1576

pig-sconcea1640

wronghead1729

crooked stick1848

pig-head1874

thrawn stick1893

society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > [noun] > unruly person > untameable person > female

haggard1576

society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > [noun] > unruly person > untameable person

haggard1680

1576 T. Achelley tr. M. Bandello Most Lamentable & Tragicall Hist. sig. C.iiij^v Vnfold those restles agonies, Expresse the endles smarte: Which since th'encounter of her vewe, Haue slaine thy poore true harte. Perchaunce, she is not of haggards kind, Nor hart so hard is bend.

1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 21 That if she should yeelde at the first assault he woulde thinke hir a lyght huswife, if she should reiect him scornefully a very haggard.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. ii. 39 I wil be married to a wealthy Widdow..which hath as long lou'd me, As I haue lou'd this proud disdainful Haggard .

1680 Ld. Falkland Hist. Edward II 67 Their first Act sends Baldock the Lord Chancellour to Newgate, a fit Cage for such a Haggard.

1920 K. Lord Little Playbk. 98 Are they quiet, biddable boys or wild haggards?

Compounds

haggard tiercel n. Falconry an adult male hawk, either living wild or caught for training when already in its adult plumage.

ΚΠ

1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation ii. 28/1 The Male of an Eyess, is an Eyess Tassel; of a Brancher, a Brancher Tassel; of a Lentiner, a Lentiner Tassel; of the Soar or Ramage-Hawk, the Soar Tassel; and of a Haggard, the Haggard Tassel.

1812 W. Smellie & W. Wood tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Gen. & Particular XI. 191 It appears that the Sorrel Tiercel of the Sparrow-hawk..differs from the Haggard Tiercel.

1865 Cornhill Mag. May 623 We have a haggard tiercel and a haggard falcon; also two eyas falcons; all are up to their work, and have been well entered to rooks.

2003 F. M. Bond in T. J. Cade & W. Burnham Return of Peregrine xvi. 282/1 He paired her with a lame-winged haggard tiercel found under a power-line tower.

Derivatives

† ˈhaggard-like adv. Obsolete in the manner of a haggard (in either sense); like a haggard.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > [adverb]

disrulilyc1400

unrulily1549

inorderly1558

haggard-wise1567

unruledly1571

haggard-like1576

1576 G. Whetstone Ortchard of Repentance 61 in Rocke of Regard For Haggard like, she will not stoope.

1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 89 Though Christ..hold out neuer so moouing lures vnto vs, all of them (Haggard-like) wee wil turne tayle to.

c1620 in Roxburghe Ballads (1891) VII. 423 Haggard like, she me abus'd, another taken, and I refus'd.

1838 J. G. Grant Rufus I. xi. 224 He would give thee, haggard-like, to the free winds.

† haggard-wise adv. Obsolete in the manner of a haggard.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > [adverb]

disrulilyc1400

unrulily1549

inorderly1558

haggard-wise1567

unruledly1571

haggard-like1576

1567 G. Turberville Epitaphes, Epigrams f. 113^v That Haggard wise doth loue to liue.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

haggardn.³

Brit.

/ˈhaɡəd/, U.S.

/ˈhæɡərd/

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: hag n.¹, -ard suffix.

Etymology: Apparently < hag n.¹ +-ard suffix, after sluggard n., dotard n.¹, wizard n., etc., and probably by association with haggard adj. and haggard n.² 2.

Now rare.

An ugly or malicious old woman; a hag; a witch.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > sorcerer or magician > witch > [noun]

walkyrieOE

witchOE

hagc1230

strya1300

wise woman1382

sorceressc1384

luller14..

tylyester14..

chantressc1425

magicienne1490

gyre-carline1535

witch-womana1538

eye-biter1584

beldama1586

witch-wife1591

cunning woman1594

saga?a1600

magha1609

magicianess1651

hag-witcha1658

haggard1658

besom-rider1664

wizardess1789

fly-by-night1796

lucky1827

bruja1829

weird-woman1845

hex1856

Baba Yaga1857

pishogue1906

witcher1928

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > diabolicalness > diabolical person > [noun] > female

hagc1230

haggard1658

1658 tr. G. della Porta Nat. Magick viii. xiv. 232 So children oftentimes effascinate themselves, when their parents attribute it to haggards and witches [L. veneficis & fascinatoribus].

1668 G. Etherege She wou'd if she Cou'd iii. i. 34 I protest yonder comes the old Haggard.

1793 E. Harington Schizzo Genius of Man 168 The old haggard is hugely ugly, and salt rheum fast flows from her dim red eyes.

1977 M. French Women's Room (1979) x. 42 The grim-faced haggard who did not understand that boys would be boys.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

haggardadj.

Brit.

/ˈhaɡəd/, U.S.

/ˈhæɡərd/

Forms: 1500s haggred, 1500s–1600s haggarde, 1500s–1600s haggart, 1500s–1600s haggerd, 1500s–1700s hagard, 1500s– haggard, 1600s haggair'd, 1600s–1700s hagger'd.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French hagard.

Etymology: < Middle French hagart, Middle French, French hagard (of a hawk) that has been caught for training when already adult, and hence is difficult to tame or control (c1393), wild, inconstant, unruly, contrary, unsociable (early 15th cent.), (of a person's eyes or expression) wild-looking (16th cent.; subsequently also distraught, alarmed), (of a person) whose appearance is somewhat wild (1673; subsequently also drawn, fatigued, bewildered), of unknown origin. The semantic development of senses 4 and 5 in English may have been influenced by folk-etymological association with hag n.¹ (compare haggard n.³ beside haggard n.² 2); compare hagged adj.¹For evaluation (and rejection) of various suggested etymologies of the French word (including one that seeks to connect it ultimately with English hag n.¹) see Dictionnaire étymologique de l'ancien français at hagart.

a. Of a hawk or (more rarely) other bird: caught for training as a wild adult; (hence) wild, untamed. Cf. haggard n.² 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [adjective] > of hawk > wild or untrained

ramagea1393

rammist1501

rammisha1529

haggarda1566

unmanned1577

haggardly1580

unstaid1614

a1566 R. Edwards Paradyse Daynty Deuises (1576) sig. Cii Hard hagard Haukes stope to ye lure.

1567 G. Turberville Epitaphes, Epigrams f. 15 The haggarde Hauke That stoopeth to no state.

1582 T. Watson Ἑκατομπαθία: Passionate Cent. Loue xlvii. sig. f4 In time the Bull is brought to weare the yoake; In time all haggred Haukes will stoope the Lures.

1602 W. Segar Honor Mil. & Civill iv. xv. 225 Of Falcons some are Gentle and some Haggard.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. iii. 264 If I doe prooue her haggard,..I'de..let her downe the wind, To prey at fortune.

a1637 B. Jonson Sad Shepherd iii. iii. 8 in Wks. (1640) III No Colt is so unbroken! Or hawke yet halfe so haggard, or unmann'd!

1682 T. Otway Venice Preserv'd i. 6 A Haggard Owl, a Worthless Kite of Prey.

a1734 R. North Examen (1740) ii. iv. §117 292 As Men catch haggard Hawks, to reclaim, and make them fly at other Quarry.

1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision II. xiii. 57 As for the taming of a haggard hawk.

1970 Country Life 26 Mar. 761/1 A haggard hawk..isn't going to be any use until it comes to its master's hand, not once but every time he calls it.

2006 R. Kenward Goshawk (2010) ix. 258 Haggard Goshawks are seldom trained in modern falconry..because they represent wild breeding stock.

†b. Of wings or plumage: ruffled, disordered; ragged, broken. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > feather > [adjective] > having particular kind of

ragged?a1513

frizzled1567

bowdled1587

haggard1615

silky1781

1615 R. A. Valiant Welshman ii. iv. sig. D3 The Romane Eagle hangs his haggard wings.

1798 S. T. Coleridge Picture 31 The brier and the thorn [shall] Make his plumes haggard.

1872 T. G. Appleton Faded Leaves 46 Fluttering in the stormy snare, With haggard plume and baffled breast.

2. Wild, unruly; uncontrolled, unrestrained. Now poetic.Often with allusion to sense 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] > disobediently stubborn

incorrigiblea1340

unchastisable1382

contumaxc1386

stubbornc1386

stoutc1410

contumacec1425

staffish?a1513

unwieldy1513

untractable1538

intractable1545

prefract?1549

incounselable1554

indocible1555

uncorrectable1562

refractorious1563

haggard1566

neck-stiff1570

uncounsellablea1578

refractary1583

contumacious1603

refractarious1609

refractory1615

unmanageable1616

immorigerous1623

refractive1623

pervicacious1633

unrectifiable1645

undocible1653

undocile1656

untractible1670

unadvisable1672

recalcitrant1797

unguidable1822

recalcitrary1861

society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > [adjective] > not tamed

untameda1340

untamea1382

ramageousa1398

haggard1566

ramage1567

tameless1597

undauntoned1609

unmeekened1612

unreclaimed1614

1566 W. Painter in tr. O. Landi Delectable Demaundes Epist. sig. ⁋.ij^v Certein pleasant confections (as it were wherwith to sauce and sweten the studie of Philosophie,) handling eche parte therof so familiarlie, that the most wild and haggard heades were oftetimes reclaimed to harken & follow their holsome Lessons.

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 11 Late a tempest boysterus haggard Oure ships to Libye land with rough extremitye tilted.

1596 A. Copley Fig for Fortune 30 Such is Reuenge: It is a haggard yll.

1650 N. Ward Discolliminium 21 God hath cast most spirits off his hand of common restraint, and let them fly haggard, till they are stark wild.

1683 J. Oldham Poems & Transl. 103 At all alike my haggard Love does fly.

1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur i. 22 So does the Fiend..rise, Through the thick haggair'd Air.

1893 W. S. Bissonnette Bits of Blue Howl, haggard storm.

2006 N. Tao & T. Prince tr. Zhai Yongming in Eight Contemp. Chinese Poets 96 A haggard wind tears all the shouting to shreds.

†3. Perverse, contrary; unfriendly. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [adjective]

contrariousc1290

contraryinga1340

contrary1340

adversarya1382

overthwartc1384

contrairc1400

contrariantc1400

adverse1418

repugnantc1443

thwarting1530

pugnant1537

opposite1577

haggard1578

impugnant1579

kim-kam1582

antagonist1591

adversative1595

counter1596

opposing1597

antipathetical1601

thwart1601

aversed1609

aversive1609

adversarious1622

averse1623

antipathousa1625

inimicitious1641

opponent1641

negative1642

gainstanding1674

antithetic1753

opposed1784

oppositional1829

transversive1855

oppositionary1905

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > [adjective] > unfavourable

contrariousc1320

bada1325

contraryinga1340

adversea1393

frowarda1400

contrairc1400

fremd1423

adversant?a1425

sinister1432

perversea1450

undisposed1456

sinistral?a1475

contrary1477

favourless1509

unfriendlya1513

thwarting1530

wayward?1544

contrariant1548

disfavourable1561

cross1565

unindifferent1565

sinistrous1566

haggard1578

unkindly1579

backward1582

awkward1587

improsperous1598

thwart1610

unpropitious1613

averted1619

untoward1621

averse1623

impropitious1638

sinister1726

unfavourable1748

untowardly1756

unfavouring1835

1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 43 Foolysh & franticke louers wyll deeme my precepts hard, and esteeme my perswasions haggarde.

1635 J. Reynolds Triumphs Gods Revenge (new ed.) ii. viii. 129 Although his Mistresse Laurieta remaine still coy, strange and haggard to him, yet hee persevereth in his affection to her.

a. Of a person's eyes or expression: wild; weary, fatigued.In quot. 1605 with allusion to sense 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > [adjective] > showing signs of weariness or exhaustion

wearyOE

haggard1605

toil-worn1752

tired-faced1895

tired-eyed1905

worn-looking1918

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [adjective] > by size, shape, etc.

steepc1000

standing1340

glazenc1380

glassy1412

ungladlyc1450

sparklinga1500

goggle1540

pinking1566

whally1590

vailed1591

unweeping1598

dejected1600

unwet1601

glossed1602

haggard1605

saucer-like1612

saucer1618

glaring1622

uncast1629

startling1648

poppinga1696

upraised1707

glancy1733

glazed1735

almond1786

open-eyed1799

bald1807

glazing1808

lustreless1810

unfathomable1817

vague1820

soulless1824

beady1826

socketless1833

fishy1836

glazy1838

popped1849

agoggled1860

uprolled1864

unfaceted1893

shoe-button1895

poppy1899

googly1901

slitty1908

bead-berry1923

1605 Hist. Tryall Cheualry sig. B3 Her lookes are haggard and obscure, Which makes me doubtfull sheele not stoop to lure.

1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther i. 10 His wild disorder'd walk, his hagger'd eyes.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 133 With hagger'd Eyes they stare, Lean are their Looks, and shagged is their Hair.

1757 T. Gray Ode II i. ii, in Odes 14 Robed in the sable garb of woe, With haggard eyes the Poet stood.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xi. 77 I had noticed a haggard expression upon the countenance of our guide.

2001 J. Coe Rotters' Club (2002) 151 His haggard grey eyes were pooled with tears.

b. Having a gaunt or worn appearance, esp. from fatigue, worry, illness, or old age.Now the most common sense.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > types of face > [adjective]

flatc1400

hardc1400

low-cheeredc1400

large?a1425

ruscledc1440

well-visagedc1440

platter-faced1533

well-faced1534

full-faced1543

fair-faced1553

bright-faceda1560

crab-faced1563

crab-snouted1563

crab-tree-faced1563

long-visaged1584

owlya1586

wainscot-faced1588

flaberkin1592

rough-hewn1593

angel-faced1594

round-faced1594

crab-favoured1596

rugged1596

weasel-faced1596

rough-faced1598

half-faced1600

chitty1601

lenten-faced1604

broad-faced1607

dog-faced1607

weaselled-faced1607

wry-faced1607

maid-faced1610

warp-faced1611

ill-faceda1616

lean-faceda1616

old-faceda1616

moon-faced1619

monkey-faced1620

chitty-face1622

chitty-faceda1627

lean-chapt1629

antic-faced1635

bloat-faced1638

bacon-facea1640

blue-faced1640

hatchet-faced1648

grave1650

lean-jawed1679

smock-faced1684

lean-visaged1686

flaber1687

baby-faced1692

splatter-faced1707

chubby1722

puggy1722

block-faced1751

haggard-looking1756

long-faced1762

haggardly1763

fresh-faced1766

dough-faced1773

pudding-faced1777

baby-featured1780

fat-faced1782

haggard1787

weazen-face1794

keen1798

ferret-like1801

lean-cheeked1812

mulberry-faced1812

open-faced1813

open-countenanced1819

chiselled1821

hatchety1821

misfeatured1822

terse1824

weazen-faced1824

mahogany-faced1825

clock-faced1827

sharp1832

sensual1833

beef-faced1838

weaselly1838

ferret-faced1840

sensuous1843

rat-faced1844

recedent1849

neat-faced1850

cherubimical1854

pinch-faced1859

cherubic1860

frownya1861

receding1866

weak1882

misfeaturing1885

platopic1885

platyopic1885

pro-opic1885

wind-splitting1890

falcon-face1891

blunt-featured1916

bun-faced1927

fish-faced1963

1787 Morning Herald & Daily Advertiser 7 Nov. His pale face haggard with successive woe.

1807 G. Crabbe Parish Reg. iii, in Poems 116 His Cheeks were haggard, hollow was his Eye.

1840 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) III. vii. 109 To prevent the haggard look which comes upon women who grow thin at fifty.

1853 C. Brontë Villette I. v. 77 Thin, haggard, and hollow-eyed; like a sitter-up at night.

1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia II. vii. vi. 235 She is getting haggard beyond the power of rouge.

1917 J. Conrad Shadow-line i. 8 He was young, too, but very thin, and with a mist of fluffy brown beard all round his haggard face.

2020 Windsor (Ont.) Star (Nexis) 25 July (Early ed.) d5 She's haggard and pale, run off her feet, maybe even sick.

†5. Emaciated, starved. Obsolete except as merged with sense 4b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > slim shape or physique > [adjective] > thin

leanc1000

thinc1000

swonga1300

meagrea1398

empty?c1400

(as) thin (also lean, rank) as a rakec1405

macilent?a1425

rawc1425

gauntc1440

to be skin and bone (also bones)c1450

leany?a1475

swampc1480

scarrya1500

pinched1514

extenuate1528

lean-fleshed1535

carrion-lean1542

spare1548

lank1553

carrion1565

brawn-fallen1578

raw-bone1590

scraggeda1591

thin-bellied1591

rake-lean1593

bare-boned1594

forlorn1594

Lented1594

lean-looked1597

shotten herring1598

spiny1598

starved1598

thin-belly1598

raw-boned1600

larbar1603

meagry?1603

fleshless1605

scraggy1611

ballow1612

lank-leana1616

skinnya1616

hagged1616

scraggling1616

carrion-like1620

extenuated1620

thin-gutted1620

haggard1630

scrannel1638

leanisha1645

skeletontal1651

overlean1657

emaciated1665

slank1668

lathy1672

emaciate1676

nithered1691

emacerated1704

lean-looking1713

scranky1735

squinny-gut(s)1742

mauger1756

squinny1784

angular1789

etiolated1791

as thin (also lean) as a rail1795

wiry1808

slink1817

scranny1820

famine-hollowed1822

sharp featured1824

reedy1830

scrawny1833

stringy1833

lean-ribbeda1845

skeletony1852

famine-pinched1856

shelly1866

flesh-fallen1876

thinnish1884

all horn and hide1890

unfurnished1893

bone-thin1899

underweight1899

asthenic1925

skin-and-bony1935

skinny-malinky1940

skeletal1952

pencil-neck1960

1630 W. Davenant Cruell Brother iv. sig. G The slaue is Haggard. At Supper..his vaine Appetite Fed at Nero's rate.

1702 T. Yalden Æsop at Court xiii. 33 A Swarm of half-starv'd hagger'd Flies, With Fury seize the floating Prize.

1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France i. 107 The gaunt, hagard forms of famine and nakedness.

6. figurative. Worn out, tired; in poor condition, esp. through age.

ΚΠ

1735 W. Somervile Chace iii. 72 His haggard Fancy still with Horror views The fell Destroyer.

1836 N. P. Willis in New Monthly Mag. Nov. 332 All that tempts the eye and taste, And sets the haggard pulses wild.

1871 A. C. Swinburne Before Crucifix in Songs before Sunrise 2 At this lank edge of haggard wood.

1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta I. x. 118 Till the fire had grown haggard and cavernous.

1883 R. L. Stevenson Silverado Squatters ii. ii. 80 From this proposition she recoiled with haggard indignation.

1999 Esquire Mar. 169 Repaint some tired-looking drywall or a haggard hunk of siding.

Compounds

C1. Forming adjectives with the sense ‘that has (a) haggard ——’, by combining with a noun + -ed, as in haggard-cheeked, haggard-faced, etc.

ΚΠ

1663 R. Ashby tr. E. Binet Purgatory Survey'd iv. 259 What a vexation is it to me, when my companions in misery, aske me whether I left no children behind me, and why they are so haggard natured as to neglect me.

1855 R. Browning Statue & Bust in Men & Women I. 167 Hollow-eyed and haggard-cheeked.

2007 C. Prasad On Borrowed Wings v. 87 I met my freshman counselor, a haggard-faced professor who eagerly signed my course schedule so that he could get back to his own work.

C2.

haggard-looking adj. having a gaunt or haggard appearance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > types of face > [adjective]

flatc1400

hardc1400

low-cheeredc1400

large?a1425

ruscledc1440

well-visagedc1440

platter-faced1533

well-faced1534

full-faced1543

fair-faced1553

bright-faceda1560

crab-faced1563

crab-snouted1563

crab-tree-faced1563

long-visaged1584

owlya1586

wainscot-faced1588

flaberkin1592

rough-hewn1593

angel-faced1594

round-faced1594

crab-favoured1596

rugged1596

weasel-faced1596

rough-faced1598

half-faced1600

chitty1601

lenten-faced1604

broad-faced1607

dog-faced1607

weaselled-faced1607

wry-faced1607

maid-faced1610

warp-faced1611

ill-faceda1616

lean-faceda1616

old-faceda1616

moon-faced1619

monkey-faced1620

chitty-face1622

chitty-faceda1627

lean-chapt1629

antic-faced1635

bloat-faced1638

bacon-facea1640

blue-faced1640

hatchet-faced1648

grave1650

lean-jawed1679

smock-faced1684

lean-visaged1686

flaber1687

baby-faced1692

splatter-faced1707

chubby1722

puggy1722

block-faced1751

haggard-looking1756

long-faced1762

haggardly1763

fresh-faced1766

dough-faced1773

pudding-faced1777

baby-featured1780

fat-faced1782

haggard1787

weazen-face1794

keen1798

ferret-like1801

lean-cheeked1812

mulberry-faced1812

open-faced1813

open-countenanced1819

chiselled1821

hatchety1821

misfeatured1822

terse1824

weazen-faced1824

mahogany-faced1825

clock-faced1827

sharp1832

sensual1833

beef-faced1838

weaselly1838

ferret-faced1840

sensuous1843

rat-faced1844

recedent1849

neat-faced1850

cherubimical1854

pinch-faced1859

cherubic1860

frownya1861

receding1866

weak1882

misfeaturing1885

platopic1885

platyopic1885

pro-opic1885

wind-splitting1890

falcon-face1891

blunt-featured1916

bun-faced1927

fish-faced1963

1756 Fortune-teller; or, Footman Ennobled II. xi. 153 For a more haggard looking Fellow I had never beheld with my Eyes.

1886 W. J. Tucker Life E. Europe 205 Some dozen haggard-looking crones.

1996 C. J. Stone Fierce Dancing xv. 227 Her face was drawn and haggard-looking. It looked like she hadn't been fed for a month.

† haggard-wild adj. Obsolete extremely wild.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [adjective]

retheeOE

hotOE

strongOE

woodlyc1000

un-i-rideOE

stoura1122

brathc1175

unridec1175

unrudec1225

starklyc1275

toughc1275

wood1297

ragec1330

unrekena1350

biga1375

furialc1386

outrageousc1390

savagea1393

violenta1393

bremelya1400

snarta1400

wrothlya1400

fightingc1400

runishc1400

dour?a1425

derfc1440

churlousa1450

roida1450

fervent1465

churlish1477

orgulous1483

felona1500

brathfula1522

brathlya1525

fanatic1533

furious1535

boisterous1544

blusterous1548

ungentle1551

sore1563

full-mouthed1594

savage wild1595

Herculean1602

shrill1608

robustious1612

efferous1614

thundering1618

churly1620

ferocient1655

turbulent1656

efferate1684

knock-me-down1760

haggard-wild1786

ensanguined1806

rammish1807

fulminatory1820

riproarious1830

natural1832

survigrous1835

sabre-toothed1849

cataclysmal1861

thunderous1874

fierce1912

cataractal1926

society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > [adjective]

freeeOE

unneedc1175

easyc1200

untiedc1374

unhemmeda1400

largec1400

unrefraineda1500

rampanta1540

unmuzzleda1541

unyoked1573

yokeless1584

licensed1593

unbound1593

wild1599

broad1604

fetterless1604

unconfined1607

ungyved1607

ungaged?1617

unboundeda1625

unfettereda1631

vagabond1635

unmanacled1686

unrestricted1750

haggard-wild1786

unconstrained1796

unshackled1796

chainless1816

rioty1819

untethered1826

unwithholdena1834

bondless1845

fancy-loose1850

constraintless1865

unpressured1879

undammed1896

balls-to-the-wall1967

balls-out1968

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [adjective] > frenzied or raging

aweddeOE

woodc1000

woodlyc1000

wildc1300

franticc1390

ramage1440

welling woodc1440

staringc1449

rammistc1455

rabious1460

horn-wood?a1500

rammisha1500

enragea1522

frenzic1547

wood-like1578

horn-mad1579

woodful1582

frenzicala1586

ragefula1586

rabid1594

ravening1599

ravenous1607

Pythic1640

exorbitant1668

frenziful1726

haggard-wild1786

frenzied1796

maenadic1830

berserk1867

up the wall1951

ballistic1981

1786 R. Burns Poems 154 Fancy..Reigns, hagard-wild, in sore afright.

1820 J. A. Heraud Legend St. Loy 35 She..rapid rolled her glazing eyes, All haggard-wild, around.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

n.¹1452

n.²1567

n.³1658

adj.a1566

单词	haggard
释义	haggardn.¹ Brit. /ˈhaɡəd/, U.S. /ˈhæɡərd/, Irish English /ˈhæɡərd/, Manx English /ˈhæɡəd/ Forms: late Middle English–1500s hagard, 1500s hagarde, 1500s– haggard, 1600s–1800s hagyard, 1800s– haggart, 1900s– heggard. Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic heygarðr rickyard) < the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic hey hay n.¹ + the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic garðr garth n.¹ Compare post-classical Latin hagardum (frequently from 13th cent. in Irish sources, 1326 in a Welsh source).The form hagyard shows remodelling of the second element after yard n.¹; compare also hay-yard n. at hay n.¹ Compounds 1a(b). Recorded chiefly in areas of Scandinavian settlement or influence. Chiefly Irish English and Manx English. A farmyard or similar enclosure where ricks of hay, corn, etc., are stored; a rickyard. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > storage or preservation of crops > [noun] > stacking or ricking > stack-yard stack-garth1293 haggard1452 stack-yard1569 rickyard1586 mowhay1612 mow-barton1642 rick-barton1656 mow-yard1869 1452 in J. T. Gilbert Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 275 (MED) That no hagards man dwellyng whitin the cite shulde no sell no maner of corne outewardes to no straungeris. 1471–2 in Statutes Parl. Ireland (1914) III. 750 (MED) De ensercher & examinere lez hagardes & de ordeiner lez ditz greinez & vitailx de estre portez al comune marchee. 1587 J. Hooker tr. Giraldus Cambrensis Vaticinall Hist. Conquest Ireland ii. xxi. 44/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II All such corne as they had in their haggards. 1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 69 When the barn was full any one might thresh in the haggard. 1749 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) II. 511 We saw great quantities of new corn in the haggards as we came along through Staffordshire. 1794 Manks Mercury 31 Mar. The Barns, Chaife-houses, Hagyards, &c. opposite to the last mentioned premises. 1848 Act 11 & 12 Victoria c. 69 §2 The malicious burning of houses, barns, haggards, corn, or other articles or effects. 1894 H. Caine Manxman 107 She could see the barley stack growing in the haggard. 1960 Courier (Isle of Man) 27 May 5/1 It [sc. the car] was placed in the farm haggart. 2011 Irish Independent 1 Oct. (Rolling Back the Years section) 26/1 One of my earliest memories is of sliding down the long neck of Neddy, the farm horse, when he bent down suddenly to drink in the well in the haggard beside my uncle's house. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). haggardn.² Brit. /ˈhaɡəd/, U.S. /ˈhæɡərd/ Forms: see haggard adj.; also 1600s hoggard. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: haggard adj. Etymology: < haggard adj. With sense 2 compare also later haggard n.³ 1. Falconry. An adult hawk, either living wild or caught for training when already in its adult plumage; spec. (esp. in early use) a female of this type (cf. haggard tiercel n. at Compounds). Cf. haggard adj. 1a.Applied most commonly to the peregrine; by some writers misinterpreted as the name of a species (cf. quots. 1768, 1828). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > [noun] > family Falconidae > genus Falco (falcon) > falco peregrinus (peregrine falcon) falcona1250 peregrine falconc1395 peregrine1555 haggard1567 passenger1575 pilgrim1792 duck-hawk1884 the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > hawk > female formelc1381 haggard1567 1567 G. Turberville Epitaphes, Epigrams f. 15^v Liue like a haggard still therefore, And for no luring care. 1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iii. i. 36 Her spirits are as coy and wild, As haggerds of the rocke. View more context for this quotation 1607 Lingua ii. v, in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1874) IX. 379 A wondrous flight Of falcons, haggards, hobbies, terselets, Lanards and goshawks. 1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation ii. 28/1 If taken after Lent, she is properly called a Haggard; and when she hath preyed for her self a year, and hath mewed most of her Feathers, she is called an Intermewed Haggard. 1768 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) I. ii. 139 The falcon, the falcon gentle, and the haggard, are made distinct species, whereas they form only one. 1828 J. S. Sebright Observ. Hawking (new ed.) 32 The older hawks are called haggards: it is these that ornithologists have mistaken for a distinct species, calling it the Peregrine Falcon. 1953 S. Bellow Adventures Augie March xv. 331 ‘I have to know if he was ever a haggard—ever hunted wild.’ ‘He's never been outside that cage since practically from hatching.’ 1998 Falconers & Raptor Conservation Mag. Spring 25/1 He can't be any wilder than a passage [hawk] or haggard and I've flown many of them. †2. figurative. A wild, intractable person, esp. a woman. Obsolete (in later use archaic). ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [noun] > perverseness > person frowarda1529 haggard1576 pig-sconcea1640 wronghead1729 crooked stick1848 pig-head1874 thrawn stick1893 society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > [noun] > unruly person > untameable person > female haggard1576 society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > [noun] > unruly person > untameable person haggard1680 1576 T. Achelley tr. M. Bandello Most Lamentable & Tragicall Hist. sig. C.iiij^v Vnfold those restles agonies, Expresse the endles smarte: Which since th'encounter of her vewe, Haue slaine thy poore true harte. Perchaunce, she is not of haggards kind, Nor hart so hard is bend. 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 21 That if she should yeelde at the first assault he woulde thinke hir a lyght huswife, if she should reiect him scornefully a very haggard. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. ii. 39 I wil be married to a wealthy Widdow..which hath as long lou'd me, As I haue lou'd this proud disdainful Haggard . View more context for this quotation 1680 Ld. Falkland Hist. Edward II 67 Their first Act sends Baldock the Lord Chancellour to Newgate, a fit Cage for such a Haggard. 1920 K. Lord Little Playbk. 98 Are they quiet, biddable boys or wild haggards? Compounds haggard tiercel n. Falconry an adult male hawk, either living wild or caught for training when already in its adult plumage. ΚΠ 1686 R. Blome Gentlemans Recreation ii. 28/1 The Male of an Eyess, is an Eyess Tassel; of a Brancher, a Brancher Tassel; of a Lentiner, a Lentiner Tassel; of the Soar or Ramage-Hawk, the Soar Tassel; and of a Haggard, the Haggard Tassel. 1812 W. Smellie & W. Wood tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Gen. & Particular XI. 191 It appears that the Sorrel Tiercel of the Sparrow-hawk..differs from the Haggard Tiercel. 1865 Cornhill Mag. May 623 We have a haggard tiercel and a haggard falcon; also two eyas falcons; all are up to their work, and have been well entered to rooks. 2003 F. M. Bond in T. J. Cade & W. Burnham Return of Peregrine xvi. 282/1 He paired her with a lame-winged haggard tiercel found under a power-line tower. Derivatives † ˈhaggard-like adv. Obsolete in the manner of a haggard (in either sense); like a haggard. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > [adverb] disrulilyc1400 unrulily1549 inorderly1558 haggard-wise1567 unruledly1571 haggard-like1576 1576 G. Whetstone Ortchard of Repentance 61 in Rocke of Regard For Haggard like, she will not stoope. 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 89 Though Christ..hold out neuer so moouing lures vnto vs, all of them (Haggard-like) wee wil turne tayle to. c1620 in Roxburghe Ballads (1891) VII. 423 Haggard like, she me abus'd, another taken, and I refus'd. 1838 J. G. Grant Rufus I. xi. 224 He would give thee, haggard-like, to the free winds. † haggard-wise adv. Obsolete in the manner of a haggard. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > [adverb] disrulilyc1400 unrulily1549 inorderly1558 haggard-wise1567 unruledly1571 haggard-like1576 1567 G. Turberville Epitaphes, Epigrams f. 113^v That Haggard wise doth loue to liue. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). haggardn.³ Brit. /ˈhaɡəd/, U.S. /ˈhæɡərd/ Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: hag n.¹, -ard suffix. Etymology: Apparently < hag n.¹ +-ard suffix, after sluggard n., dotard n.¹, wizard n., etc., and probably by association with haggard adj. and haggard n.² 2. Now rare. An ugly or malicious old woman; a hag; a witch. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > sorcerer or magician > witch > [noun] walkyrieOE witchOE hagc1230 strya1300 wise woman1382 sorceressc1384 luller14.. tylyester14.. chantressc1425 magicienne1490 gyre-carline1535 witch-womana1538 eye-biter1584 beldama1586 witch-wife1591 cunning woman1594 saga?a1600 magha1609 magicianess1651 hag-witcha1658 haggard1658 besom-rider1664 wizardess1789 fly-by-night1796 lucky1827 bruja1829 weird-woman1845 hex1856 Baba Yaga1857 pishogue1906 witcher1928 the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > diabolicalness > diabolical person > [noun] > female hagc1230 haggard1658 1658 tr. G. della Porta Nat. Magick viii. xiv. 232 So children oftentimes effascinate themselves, when their parents attribute it to haggards and witches [L. veneficis & fascinatoribus]. 1668 G. Etherege She wou'd if she Cou'd iii. i. 34 I protest yonder comes the old Haggard. 1793 E. Harington Schizzo Genius of Man 168 The old haggard is hugely ugly, and salt rheum fast flows from her dim red eyes. 1977 M. French Women's Room (1979) x. 42 The grim-faced haggard who did not understand that boys would be boys. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). haggardadj. Brit. /ˈhaɡəd/, U.S. /ˈhæɡərd/ Forms: 1500s haggred, 1500s–1600s haggarde, 1500s–1600s haggart, 1500s–1600s haggerd, 1500s–1700s hagard, 1500s– haggard, 1600s haggair'd, 1600s–1700s hagger'd. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French hagard. Etymology: < Middle French hagart, Middle French, French hagard (of a hawk) that has been caught for training when already adult, and hence is difficult to tame or control (c1393), wild, inconstant, unruly, contrary, unsociable (early 15th cent.), (of a person's eyes or expression) wild-looking (16th cent.; subsequently also distraught, alarmed), (of a person) whose appearance is somewhat wild (1673; subsequently also drawn, fatigued, bewildered), of unknown origin. The semantic development of senses 4 and 5 in English may have been influenced by folk-etymological association with hag n.¹ (compare haggard n.³ beside haggard n.² 2); compare hagged adj.¹For evaluation (and rejection) of various suggested etymologies of the French word (including one that seeks to connect it ultimately with English hag n.¹) see Dictionnaire étymologique de l'ancien français at hagart. 1. a. Of a hawk or (more rarely) other bird: caught for training as a wild adult; (hence) wild, untamed. Cf. haggard n.² 1. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [adjective] > of hawk > wild or untrained ramagea1393 rammist1501 rammisha1529 haggarda1566 unmanned1577 haggardly1580 unstaid1614 a1566 R. Edwards Paradyse Daynty Deuises (1576) sig. Cii Hard hagard Haukes stope to ye lure. 1567 G. Turberville Epitaphes, Epigrams f. 15 The haggarde Hauke That stoopeth to no state. 1582 T. Watson Ἑκατομπαθία: Passionate Cent. Loue xlvii. sig. f4 In time the Bull is brought to weare the yoake; In time all haggred Haukes will stoope the Lures. 1602 W. Segar Honor Mil. & Civill iv. xv. 225 Of Falcons some are Gentle and some Haggard. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iii. iii. 264 If I doe prooue her haggard,..I'de..let her downe the wind, To prey at fortune. View more context for this quotation a1637 B. Jonson Sad Shepherd iii. iii. 8 in Wks. (1640) III No Colt is so unbroken! Or hawke yet halfe so haggard, or unmann'd! View more context for this quotation 1682 T. Otway Venice Preserv'd i. 6 A Haggard Owl, a Worthless Kite of Prey. a1734 R. North Examen (1740) ii. iv. §117 292 As Men catch haggard Hawks, to reclaim, and make them fly at other Quarry. 1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision II. xiii. 57 As for the taming of a haggard hawk. 1970 Country Life 26 Mar. 761/1 A haggard hawk..isn't going to be any use until it comes to its master's hand, not once but every time he calls it. 2006 R. Kenward Goshawk (2010) ix. 258 Haggard Goshawks are seldom trained in modern falconry..because they represent wild breeding stock. †b. Of wings or plumage: ruffled, disordered; ragged, broken. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > feather > [adjective] > having particular kind of ragged?a1513 frizzled1567 bowdled1587 haggard1615 silky1781 1615 R. A. Valiant Welshman ii. iv. sig. D3 The Romane Eagle hangs his haggard wings. 1798 S. T. Coleridge Picture 31 The brier and the thorn [shall] Make his plumes haggard. 1872 T. G. Appleton Faded Leaves 46 Fluttering in the stormy snare, With haggard plume and baffled breast. 2. Wild, unruly; uncontrolled, unrestrained. Now poetic.Often with allusion to sense 1a. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] > disobediently stubborn incorrigiblea1340 unchastisable1382 contumaxc1386 stubbornc1386 stoutc1410 contumacec1425 staffish?a1513 unwieldy1513 untractable1538 intractable1545 prefract?1549 incounselable1554 indocible1555 uncorrectable1562 refractorious1563 haggard1566 neck-stiff1570 uncounsellablea1578 refractary1583 contumacious1603 refractarious1609 refractory1615 unmanageable1616 immorigerous1623 refractive1623 pervicacious1633 unrectifiable1645 undocible1653 undocile1656 untractible1670 unadvisable1672 recalcitrant1797 unguidable1822 recalcitrary1861 society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > [adjective] > not tamed untameda1340 untamea1382 ramageousa1398 haggard1566 ramage1567 tameless1597 undauntoned1609 unmeekened1612 unreclaimed1614 1566 W. Painter in tr. O. Landi Delectable Demaundes Epist. sig. ⁋.ij^v Certein pleasant confections (as it were wherwith to sauce and sweten the studie of Philosophie,) handling eche parte therof so familiarlie, that the most wild and haggard heades were oftetimes reclaimed to harken & follow their holsome Lessons. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 11 Late a tempest boysterus haggard Oure ships to Libye land with rough extremitye tilted. 1596 A. Copley Fig for Fortune 30 Such is Reuenge: It is a haggard yll. 1650 N. Ward Discolliminium 21 God hath cast most spirits off his hand of common restraint, and let them fly haggard, till they are stark wild. 1683 J. Oldham Poems & Transl. 103 At all alike my haggard Love does fly. 1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur i. 22 So does the Fiend..rise, Through the thick haggair'd Air. 1893 W. S. Bissonnette Bits of Blue Howl, haggard storm. 2006 N. Tao & T. Prince tr. Zhai Yongming in Eight Contemp. Chinese Poets 96 A haggard wind tears all the shouting to shreds. †3. Perverse, contrary; unfriendly. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [adjective] contrariousc1290 contraryinga1340 contrary1340 adversarya1382 overthwartc1384 contrairc1400 contrariantc1400 adverse1418 repugnantc1443 thwarting1530 pugnant1537 opposite1577 haggard1578 impugnant1579 kim-kam1582 antagonist1591 adversative1595 counter1596 opposing1597 antipathetical1601 thwart1601 aversed1609 aversive1609 adversarious1622 averse1623 antipathousa1625 inimicitious1641 opponent1641 negative1642 gainstanding1674 antithetic1753 opposed1784 oppositional1829 transversive1855 oppositionary1905 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > [adjective] > unfavourable contrariousc1320 bada1325 contraryinga1340 adversea1393 frowarda1400 contrairc1400 fremd1423 adversant?a1425 sinister1432 perversea1450 undisposed1456 sinistral?a1475 contrary1477 favourless1509 unfriendlya1513 thwarting1530 wayward?1544 contrariant1548 disfavourable1561 cross1565 unindifferent1565 sinistrous1566 haggard1578 unkindly1579 backward1582 awkward1587 improsperous1598 thwart1610 unpropitious1613 averted1619 untoward1621 averse1623 impropitious1638 sinister1726 unfavourable1748 untowardly1756 unfavouring1835 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 43 Foolysh & franticke louers wyll deeme my precepts hard, and esteeme my perswasions haggarde. 1635 J. Reynolds Triumphs Gods Revenge (new ed.) ii. viii. 129 Although his Mistresse Laurieta remaine still coy, strange and haggard to him, yet hee persevereth in his affection to her. 4. a. Of a person's eyes or expression: wild; weary, fatigued.In quot. 1605 with allusion to sense 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > [adjective] > showing signs of weariness or exhaustion wearyOE haggard1605 toil-worn1752 tired-faced1895 tired-eyed1905 worn-looking1918 the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [adjective] > by size, shape, etc. steepc1000 standing1340 glazenc1380 glassy1412 ungladlyc1450 sparklinga1500 goggle1540 pinking1566 whally1590 vailed1591 unweeping1598 dejected1600 unwet1601 glossed1602 haggard1605 saucer-like1612 saucer1618 glaring1622 uncast1629 startling1648 poppinga1696 upraised1707 glancy1733 glazed1735 almond1786 open-eyed1799 bald1807 glazing1808 lustreless1810 unfathomable1817 vague1820 soulless1824 beady1826 socketless1833 fishy1836 glazy1838 popped1849 agoggled1860 uprolled1864 unfaceted1893 shoe-button1895 poppy1899 googly1901 slitty1908 bead-berry1923 1605 Hist. Tryall Cheualry sig. B3 Her lookes are haggard and obscure, Which makes me doubtfull sheele not stoop to lure. 1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther i. 10 His wild disorder'd walk, his hagger'd eyes. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 133 With hagger'd Eyes they stare, Lean are their Looks, and shagged is their Hair. View more context for this quotation 1757 T. Gray Ode II i. ii, in Odes 14 Robed in the sable garb of woe, With haggard eyes the Poet stood. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xi. 77 I had noticed a haggard expression upon the countenance of our guide. 2001 J. Coe Rotters' Club (2002) 151 His haggard grey eyes were pooled with tears. b. Having a gaunt or worn appearance, esp. from fatigue, worry, illness, or old age.Now the most common sense. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > types of face > [adjective] flatc1400 hardc1400 low-cheeredc1400 large?a1425 ruscledc1440 well-visagedc1440 platter-faced1533 well-faced1534 full-faced1543 fair-faced1553 bright-faceda1560 crab-faced1563 crab-snouted1563 crab-tree-faced1563 long-visaged1584 owlya1586 wainscot-faced1588 flaberkin1592 rough-hewn1593 angel-faced1594 round-faced1594 crab-favoured1596 rugged1596 weasel-faced1596 rough-faced1598 half-faced1600 chitty1601 lenten-faced1604 broad-faced1607 dog-faced1607 weaselled-faced1607 wry-faced1607 maid-faced1610 warp-faced1611 ill-faceda1616 lean-faceda1616 old-faceda1616 moon-faced1619 monkey-faced1620 chitty-face1622 chitty-faceda1627 lean-chapt1629 antic-faced1635 bloat-faced1638 bacon-facea1640 blue-faced1640 hatchet-faced1648 grave1650 lean-jawed1679 smock-faced1684 lean-visaged1686 flaber1687 baby-faced1692 splatter-faced1707 chubby1722 puggy1722 block-faced1751 haggard-looking1756 long-faced1762 haggardly1763 fresh-faced1766 dough-faced1773 pudding-faced1777 baby-featured1780 fat-faced1782 haggard1787 weazen-face1794 keen1798 ferret-like1801 lean-cheeked1812 mulberry-faced1812 open-faced1813 open-countenanced1819 chiselled1821 hatchety1821 misfeatured1822 terse1824 weazen-faced1824 mahogany-faced1825 clock-faced1827 sharp1832 sensual1833 beef-faced1838 weaselly1838 ferret-faced1840 sensuous1843 rat-faced1844 recedent1849 neat-faced1850 cherubimical1854 pinch-faced1859 cherubic1860 frownya1861 receding1866 weak1882 misfeaturing1885 platopic1885 platyopic1885 pro-opic1885 wind-splitting1890 falcon-face1891 blunt-featured1916 bun-faced1927 fish-faced1963 1787 Morning Herald & Daily Advertiser 7 Nov. His pale face haggard with successive woe. 1807 G. Crabbe Parish Reg. iii, in Poems 116 His Cheeks were haggard, hollow was his Eye. 1840 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) III. vii. 109 To prevent the haggard look which comes upon women who grow thin at fifty. 1853 C. Brontë Villette I. v. 77 Thin, haggard, and hollow-eyed; like a sitter-up at night. 1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia II. vii. vi. 235 She is getting haggard beyond the power of rouge. 1917 J. Conrad Shadow-line i. 8 He was young, too, but very thin, and with a mist of fluffy brown beard all round his haggard face. 2020 Windsor (Ont.) Star (Nexis) 25 July (Early ed.) d5 She's haggard and pale, run off her feet, maybe even sick. †5. Emaciated, starved. Obsolete except as merged with sense 4b. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > slim shape or physique > [adjective] > thin leanc1000 thinc1000 swonga1300 meagrea1398 empty?c1400 (as) thin (also lean, rank) as a rakec1405 macilent?a1425 rawc1425 gauntc1440 to be skin and bone (also bones)c1450 leany?a1475 swampc1480 scarrya1500 pinched1514 extenuate1528 lean-fleshed1535 carrion-lean1542 spare1548 lank1553 carrion1565 brawn-fallen1578 raw-bone1590 scraggeda1591 thin-bellied1591 rake-lean1593 bare-boned1594 forlorn1594 Lented1594 lean-looked1597 shotten herring1598 spiny1598 starved1598 thin-belly1598 raw-boned1600 larbar1603 meagry?1603 fleshless1605 scraggy1611 ballow1612 lank-leana1616 skinnya1616 hagged1616 scraggling1616 carrion-like1620 extenuated1620 thin-gutted1620 haggard1630 scrannel1638 leanisha1645 skeletontal1651 overlean1657 emaciated1665 slank1668 lathy1672 emaciate1676 nithered1691 emacerated1704 lean-looking1713 scranky1735 squinny-gut(s)1742 mauger1756 squinny1784 angular1789 etiolated1791 as thin (also lean) as a rail1795 wiry1808 slink1817 scranny1820 famine-hollowed1822 sharp featured1824 reedy1830 scrawny1833 stringy1833 lean-ribbeda1845 skeletony1852 famine-pinched1856 shelly1866 flesh-fallen1876 thinnish1884 all horn and hide1890 unfurnished1893 bone-thin1899 underweight1899 asthenic1925 skin-and-bony1935 skinny-malinky1940 skeletal1952 pencil-neck1960 1630 W. Davenant Cruell Brother iv. sig. G The slaue is Haggard. At Supper..his vaine Appetite Fed at Nero's rate. 1702 T. Yalden Æsop at Court xiii. 33 A Swarm of half-starv'd hagger'd Flies, With Fury seize the floating Prize. 1796 E. Burke Two Lett. Peace Regicide Directory France i. 107 The gaunt, hagard forms of famine and nakedness. 6. figurative. Worn out, tired; in poor condition, esp. through age. ΚΠ 1735 W. Somervile Chace iii. 72 His haggard Fancy still with Horror views The fell Destroyer. 1836 N. P. Willis in New Monthly Mag. Nov. 332 All that tempts the eye and taste, And sets the haggard pulses wild. 1871 A. C. Swinburne Before Crucifix in Songs before Sunrise 2 At this lank edge of haggard wood. 1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta I. x. 118 Till the fire had grown haggard and cavernous. 1883 R. L. Stevenson Silverado Squatters ii. ii. 80 From this proposition she recoiled with haggard indignation. 1999 Esquire Mar. 169 Repaint some tired-looking drywall or a haggard hunk of siding. Compounds C1. Forming adjectives with the sense ‘that has (a) haggard ——’, by combining with a noun + -ed, as in haggard-cheeked, haggard-faced, etc. ΚΠ 1663 R. Ashby tr. E. Binet Purgatory Survey'd iv. 259 What a vexation is it to me, when my companions in misery, aske me whether I left no children behind me, and why they are so haggard natured as to neglect me. 1855 R. Browning Statue & Bust in Men & Women I. 167 Hollow-eyed and haggard-cheeked. 2007 C. Prasad On Borrowed Wings v. 87 I met my freshman counselor, a haggard-faced professor who eagerly signed my course schedule so that he could get back to his own work. C2. haggard-looking adj. having a gaunt or haggard appearance. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > types of face > [adjective] flatc1400 hardc1400 low-cheeredc1400 large?a1425 ruscledc1440 well-visagedc1440 platter-faced1533 well-faced1534 full-faced1543 fair-faced1553 bright-faceda1560 crab-faced1563 crab-snouted1563 crab-tree-faced1563 long-visaged1584 owlya1586 wainscot-faced1588 flaberkin1592 rough-hewn1593 angel-faced1594 round-faced1594 crab-favoured1596 rugged1596 weasel-faced1596 rough-faced1598 half-faced1600 chitty1601 lenten-faced1604 broad-faced1607 dog-faced1607 weaselled-faced1607 wry-faced1607 maid-faced1610 warp-faced1611 ill-faceda1616 lean-faceda1616 old-faceda1616 moon-faced1619 monkey-faced1620 chitty-face1622 chitty-faceda1627 lean-chapt1629 antic-faced1635 bloat-faced1638 bacon-facea1640 blue-faced1640 hatchet-faced1648 grave1650 lean-jawed1679 smock-faced1684 lean-visaged1686 flaber1687 baby-faced1692 splatter-faced1707 chubby1722 puggy1722 block-faced1751 haggard-looking1756 long-faced1762 haggardly1763 fresh-faced1766 dough-faced1773 pudding-faced1777 baby-featured1780 fat-faced1782 haggard1787 weazen-face1794 keen1798 ferret-like1801 lean-cheeked1812 mulberry-faced1812 open-faced1813 open-countenanced1819 chiselled1821 hatchety1821 misfeatured1822 terse1824 weazen-faced1824 mahogany-faced1825 clock-faced1827 sharp1832 sensual1833 beef-faced1838 weaselly1838 ferret-faced1840 sensuous1843 rat-faced1844 recedent1849 neat-faced1850 cherubimical1854 pinch-faced1859 cherubic1860 frownya1861 receding1866 weak1882 misfeaturing1885 platopic1885 platyopic1885 pro-opic1885 wind-splitting1890 falcon-face1891 blunt-featured1916 bun-faced1927 fish-faced1963 1756 Fortune-teller; or, Footman Ennobled II. xi. 153 For a more haggard looking Fellow I had never beheld with my Eyes. 1886 W. J. Tucker Life E. Europe 205 Some dozen haggard-looking crones. 1996 C. J. Stone Fierce Dancing xv. 227 Her face was drawn and haggard-looking. It looked like she hadn't been fed for a month. † haggard-wild adj. Obsolete extremely wild. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [adjective] retheeOE hotOE strongOE woodlyc1000 un-i-rideOE stoura1122 brathc1175 unridec1175 unrudec1225 starklyc1275 toughc1275 wood1297 ragec1330 unrekena1350 biga1375 furialc1386 outrageousc1390 savagea1393 violenta1393 bremelya1400 snarta1400 wrothlya1400 fightingc1400 runishc1400 dour?a1425 derfc1440 churlousa1450 roida1450 fervent1465 churlish1477 orgulous1483 felona1500 brathfula1522 brathlya1525 fanatic1533 furious1535 boisterous1544 blusterous1548 ungentle1551 sore1563 full-mouthed1594 savage wild1595 Herculean1602 shrill1608 robustious1612 efferous1614 thundering1618 churly1620 ferocient1655 turbulent1656 efferate1684 knock-me-down1760 haggard-wild1786 ensanguined1806 rammish1807 fulminatory1820 riproarious1830 natural1832 survigrous1835 sabre-toothed1849 cataclysmal1861 thunderous1874 fierce1912 cataractal1926 society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > freedom of action or from restraint > [adjective] freeeOE unneedc1175 easyc1200 untiedc1374 unhemmeda1400 largec1400 unrefraineda1500 rampanta1540 unmuzzleda1541 unyoked1573 yokeless1584 licensed1593 unbound1593 wild1599 broad1604 fetterless1604 unconfined1607 ungyved1607 ungaged?1617 unboundeda1625 unfettereda1631 vagabond1635 unmanacled1686 unrestricted1750 haggard-wild1786 unconstrained1796 unshackled1796 chainless1816 rioty1819 untethered1826 unwithholdena1834 bondless1845 fancy-loose1850 constraintless1865 unpressured1879 undammed1896 balls-to-the-wall1967 balls-out1968 the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [adjective] > frenzied or raging aweddeOE woodc1000 woodlyc1000 wildc1300 franticc1390 ramage1440 welling woodc1440 staringc1449 rammistc1455 rabious1460 horn-wood?a1500 rammisha1500 enragea1522 frenzic1547 wood-like1578 horn-mad1579 woodful1582 frenzicala1586 ragefula1586 rabid1594 ravening1599 ravenous1607 Pythic1640 exorbitant1668 frenziful1726 haggard-wild1786 frenzied1796 maenadic1830 berserk1867 up the wall1951 ballistic1981 1786 R. Burns Poems 154 Fancy..Reigns, hagard-wild, in sore afright. 1820 J. A. Heraud Legend St. Loy 35 She..rapid rolled her glazing eyes, All haggard-wild, around. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹1452n.²1567n.³1658adj.a1566
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haggardn.1

haggardn.2

Compounds

Derivatives

haggardn.3

haggardadj.

Compounds

haggardn.¹

haggardn.²

haggardn.³