hakimn.¹

Brit.

/ˈhɑːkᵻm/, U.S.

/ˈhɑkəm/

Forms: 1600s haccam, 1600s hackam, 1600s hackame, 1600s hackum, 1700s hackeem, 1700s hackham, 1700s– hakim.

Origin: A borrowing from Arabic. Etymon: Arabic ḥākim.

Etymology: < Arabic ḥākim governor < ḥakama to exercise authority. With some later uses (with reference to India) compare Persian ḥākim, in the same sense ( < Arabic).Compare hakim n.², which ultimately derives < the same Arabic base.

Esp. in the Middle East and South Asia: (the title of) an official with judicial authority; a judge; a governor; (also) the administrative head of a particular district.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > [noun] > Indian or Asian ruler

raja1555

hakim1585

naik1588

Jam1727

khan1815

shugo1893

Agong1976

1585–90 in T. S. Willan Stud. Elizabethan Foreign Trade (1959) iv. 264 The Hackam's bill to the governor of Haha, to suffer the saltpeter to passe a longe his contrye with quietnes.

1609 R. Cottington True Hist. Disc. Muley Hamets sig. K^v The Hackam is the Lord Marshall in euery Citie, who iudgeth vppon life and death.

1713 Acct. South-west Barbary 105 Married the next Day by a Priest or Hackham.

1788 W. Francklin Observ. Tour Bengal to Persia 129 This money had been previously sent to Ali Murad Khan, the Hakim of Ispahan.

1811 tr. Niebuhr's Trav. Arabia xxii, in J. Pinkerton Gen. Coll. Voy. X. 37 I applied to the Hakim or judge of the village.

1885 Calcutta Rev. Oct. (Crit. Notices) p. xxii After 11 o'clock the Hakim Babu comes into Court. He is a Deputy Magistrate, receiving a salary of Rs. 600 a month.

1910 L. Woolf Diary 30 Jan. in Rec. Colonial Administrator (1963) 128 Much ill feeling..has been caused among the Mohamedans in Hambantota over the selection of a Hakim.

2013 Policy Perspectives 10 142 The order of a hakim removes differences amongst the parties.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

hakimn.²

Brit.

/həˈkiːm/, U.S.

/hæˈkim/,

/ˈhɑkəm/

Forms: 1600s hackim, 1600s hackin, 1600s 1800s hackeem, 1600s– hakim, 1700s–1800s hakem, 1800s–1900s huckeem, 1800s– hakeem, 1900s– hakin (rare).

Origin: A borrowing from Persian. Etymon: Persian ḥakīm.

Etymology: < Persian ḥakīm physician, specific sense development of ḥakīm learned person < Arabic ḥakīm learned person, philosopher, physician < ḥakuma to be wise or learned < ḥakama to exercise authority.Compare earlier hakim n.¹, which ultimately derives from the same Arabic base. Compare the following earlier, apparently isolated example of a borrowing (via French) < Ottoman Turkish ḥakīm learned person, philosopher, physician (itself < Arabic; Turkish hakim philosopher, sage, hekim physician, doctor), with omission of initial h- reflecting a French pronunciation:1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. xii. 93 The common Phisitions which the Turkes call Echim [Fr. Echim].

In the Middle East and South Asia: a doctor, a physician; (in later use) spec. one practising traditional medicine.The sense in quot. 1622 is unclear, although a note in Foster's text reads: ‘“Hackam Alamandine” is probably Ḥakīm (the physician) ʿAlīmuddīn.’

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > healer > physician > [noun]

physician?c1225

leecherc1374

practiserc1387

doctora1400

flesh-leecha1400

leechman14..

mediciner?a1425

miria1425

M.D.1425

medicine?c1450

practitioner?1543

minister1559

doc1563

artist1565

medicus1570

medicianera1578

Aesculapius1586

Dra1593

pisspot1592

medician1597

physicianer1598

medicinary1599

pisspot1600

velvet-cap1602

healer1611

Galena1616

physiner1616

clyster1621

clyster-pipe1622

hakim1623

medic1625

practicant1630

medico1647

physicker1649

physicster1689

Aesculapian1694

nim-gimmer1699

pill-monger1706

medical man1784

meester1812

medical1823

pill-gilder1824

therapeutist1830

pill1835

pill roller1843

med1851

pill-peddler1855

therapeutic1858

squirt1859

medicine man1866

pill pusher1879

therapist1886

doser1888

internist1894

pill-shooter1911

whitecoat1911

quack1919

vet1925

1622 N. Bangham Let. 23 Feb. in W. Foster Eng. Factories in India 1622–3 (1908) 41 The Kinge hath sent for him and Hackam Alamandine and Bickermazete aboute the death of his sonne Cossoro.]

1623 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1622–3 (1908) 273 Cojah Nasceer..hath sente some refreshinge to the Hackim.

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors v. 220 He brought along with him his Hakim, or Physician.

1854 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. Brit. India (ed. 3) 308 Many ignorant hakeems who impose..upon the dense population of that locality.

1884 R. Browning Family in Ferishtah's Fancies 51 Why, his reason chimed Right with the Hakim's.

1953 A. Hosain Phoenix Fled 138 I have tried everything; I have even been to hakims and doctors.

2016 Dawn (Pakistan) (Nexis) 10 July The tree/flowers also have a number of medicinal properties and remain popular with hakims.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hakim
释义	hakimn.¹ Brit. /ˈhɑːkᵻm/, U.S. /ˈhɑkəm/ Forms: 1600s haccam, 1600s hackam, 1600s hackame, 1600s hackum, 1700s hackeem, 1700s hackham, 1700s– hakim. Origin: A borrowing from Arabic. Etymon: Arabic ḥākim. Etymology: < Arabic ḥākim governor < ḥakama to exercise authority. With some later uses (with reference to India) compare Persian ḥākim, in the same sense ( < Arabic).Compare hakim n.², which ultimately derives < the same Arabic base. Esp. in the Middle East and South Asia: (the title of) an official with judicial authority; a judge; a governor; (also) the administrative head of a particular district. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > [noun] > Indian or Asian ruler raja1555 hakim1585 naik1588 Jam1727 khan1815 shugo1893 Agong1976 1585–90 in T. S. Willan Stud. Elizabethan Foreign Trade (1959) iv. 264 The Hackam's bill to the governor of Haha, to suffer the saltpeter to passe a longe his contrye with quietnes. 1609 R. Cottington True Hist. Disc. Muley Hamets sig. K^v The Hackam is the Lord Marshall in euery Citie, who iudgeth vppon life and death. 1713 Acct. South-west Barbary 105 Married the next Day by a Priest or Hackham. 1788 W. Francklin Observ. Tour Bengal to Persia 129 This money had been previously sent to Ali Murad Khan, the Hakim of Ispahan. 1811 tr. Niebuhr's Trav. Arabia xxii, in J. Pinkerton Gen. Coll. Voy. X. 37 I applied to the Hakim or judge of the village. 1885 Calcutta Rev. Oct. (Crit. Notices) p. xxii After 11 o'clock the Hakim Babu comes into Court. He is a Deputy Magistrate, receiving a salary of Rs. 600 a month. 1910 L. Woolf Diary 30 Jan. in Rec. Colonial Administrator (1963) 128 Much ill feeling..has been caused among the Mohamedans in Hambantota over the selection of a Hakim. 2013 Policy Perspectives 10 142 The order of a hakim removes differences amongst the parties. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). hakimn.² Brit. /həˈkiːm/, U.S. /hæˈkim/, /ˈhɑkəm/ Forms: 1600s hackim, 1600s hackin, 1600s 1800s hackeem, 1600s– hakim, 1700s–1800s hakem, 1800s–1900s huckeem, 1800s– hakeem, 1900s– hakin (rare). Origin: A borrowing from Persian. Etymon: Persian ḥakīm. Etymology: < Persian ḥakīm physician, specific sense development of ḥakīm learned person < Arabic ḥakīm learned person, philosopher, physician < ḥakuma to be wise or learned < ḥakama to exercise authority.Compare earlier hakim n.¹, which ultimately derives from the same Arabic base. Compare the following earlier, apparently isolated example of a borrowing (via French) < Ottoman Turkish ḥakīm learned person, philosopher, physician (itself < Arabic; Turkish hakim philosopher, sage, hekim physician, doctor), with omission of initial h- reflecting a French pronunciation:1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. xii. 93 The common Phisitions which the Turkes call Echim [Fr. Echim]. In the Middle East and South Asia: a doctor, a physician; (in later use) spec. one practising traditional medicine.The sense in quot. 1622 is unclear, although a note in Foster's text reads: ‘“Hackam Alamandine” is probably Ḥakīm (the physician) ʿAlīmuddīn.’ ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > healer > physician > [noun] physician?c1225 leecherc1374 practiserc1387 doctora1400 flesh-leecha1400 leechman14.. mediciner?a1425 miria1425 M.D.1425 medicine?c1450 practitioner?1543 minister1559 doc1563 artist1565 medicus1570 medicianera1578 Aesculapius1586 Dra1593 pisspot1592 medician1597 physicianer1598 medicinary1599 pisspot1600 velvet-cap1602 healer1611 Galena1616 physiner1616 clyster1621 clyster-pipe1622 hakim1623 medic1625 practicant1630 medico1647 physicker1649 physicster1689 Aesculapian1694 nim-gimmer1699 pill-monger1706 medical man1784 meester1812 medical1823 pill-gilder1824 therapeutist1830 pill1835 pill roller1843 med1851 pill-peddler1855 therapeutic1858 squirt1859 medicine man1866 pill pusher1879 therapist1886 doser1888 internist1894 pill-shooter1911 whitecoat1911 quack1919 vet1925 1622 N. Bangham Let. 23 Feb. in W. Foster Eng. Factories in India 1622–3 (1908) 41 The Kinge hath sent for him and Hackam Alamandine and Bickermazete aboute the death of his sonne Cossoro.] 1623 in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1622–3 (1908) 273 Cojah Nasceer..hath sente some refreshinge to the Hackim. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors v. 220 He brought along with him his Hakim, or Physician. 1854 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. Brit. India (ed. 3) 308 Many ignorant hakeems who impose..upon the dense population of that locality. 1884 R. Browning Family in Ferishtah's Fancies 51 Why, his reason chimed Right with the Hakim's. 1953 A. Hosain Phoenix Fled 138 I have tried everything; I have even been to hakims and doctors. 2016 Dawn (Pakistan) (Nexis) 10 July The tree/flowers also have a number of medicinal properties and remain popular with hakims. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1585n.²1623
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hakimn.1

hakimn.2

hakimn.¹

hakimn.²