haywardn.
/ˈheɪwɔːd/ An officer of a manor, township, or parish, having charge of the fences and enclosures, esp. to keep cattle from breaking through from the common into enclosed fields; sometimes, the herdsman of the cattle feeding on the common.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > [noun] > warden > having charge of fences or enclosures
hayward?c1225
meadsman1893
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 306 Þenne mot ha þenchen of þe cuwes foddre..olchni þe haiwart.
c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 436 Þe emperor..makede hise bishopis haywardis of þe world.
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. vi. 16 Canstow..haue an horne and be haywarde, and liggen oute a nyghtes, And kepe my corn in my croft fro pykers and þeeues?
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 234/1 Heyward, agellarius.
1511–12 Act 3 Hen. VIII c. 23 §9 The said accomptauntes..that is to saye, Feodaries Bailliffes Reves Heywardes and Bedelles.
1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Ll4/2 Haward..signifieth with vs, one that keepeth the common heard of the towne.
1638 in Coffin Hist. Newberry, Mass. (1845) 28 Thomas Hale and John Baker are appointed hay wards till the town shall appoint new.
1654 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 191 The Heyward..shall take and impound the said swyne.
1664 J. Evelyn Sylva (1776) 399 Are not 5000 Oaks worth the fencing and inspection of a Hayward?
1880 Daily News 18 Feb. The hayward at Corfe Castle has charge of the beautiful common which lies on the Swanage side of the village, on which the inhabitants are allowed to turn their cattle.
1884 Cent. Mag. Jan. 443/2 In some parts of Massachusetts a ‘hayward’ was employed to attend the cattle of a whole township.
1892 Oxford Chron. 23 Apr. 8 From 1810 to 1852, the time of the Cowley Inclosure, he had frequently tended the cattle as hay-ward in these grazings.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
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