hard-nosedadj.

Brit.

/ˌhɑːdˈnəʊzd/, U.S.

/ˈhɑrdˌnoʊzd/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adj., nosed adj.

Etymology: < hard adj. + nosed adj.

†1. Having little or no sense of smell. Obsolete.Originally of a hunting dog.

ΚΠ

1815 J. Mayer Sportsman's Directory p. xii Hard-nosed, having little or no sense of smelling.

1846 ‘Craven’ Recreations in Shooting 141 He shall not be hard nosed, nor near scented, but wind his birds at long distances.

1856 Bombay Times 18 Oct. 668/3 Hard nosed geologists will find the most beautiful sections the Island presents near the mouth of the Town Drain.

1876 J. J. G. Wilkinson On Human Sci. viii. 33 The influence of sewers and their connection with fevers was scarcely appreciated by our hard-nosed ancestors.

2. colloquial (originally U.S.). Having or demonstrating an unsentimental or ruthless determination; obstinate, uncompromising; tough-minded.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective]

starkOE

moodyOE

stithc1000

stidyc1175

stallc1275

harda1382

stubbornc1386

obstinate?1387

throa1400

hard nolleda1425

obstinant?a1425

pertinacec1425

stablec1440

dour1488

unresigned1497

difficultc1503

hard-necked1530

pertinatec1534

obstacle1535

stout-stomached1549

hard-faced1567

stunt1581

hard-headed1583

pertinacious1583

stuntly1583

peremptory1589

stomachous1590

mulish1600

stomachful1600

obstined1606

restive1633

obstinacious1649

opinionated1649

tenacious1656

iron-sided1659

sturdy1664

cat-witted1672

obstinated1672

unyielding1677

ruggish1688

bullet-headed1699

tough1780

pelsy1785

stupid1788

hard-set1818

thick and thin1822

stuntya1825

rigwiddie1826

indomitable1830

recalcitrant1830

set1848

mule-headed1870

muley1871

capitose1881

hard-nosed1917

tight1928

1917 Terre Haute (Indiana) Star 24 Dec. 1/1 That set the whole camp into a mighty ‘hard-nosed’ bunch.

1925 Life 19 Mar. 1/1 (advt.) Every ad is a bid. I sit hard-nosed and decide.

1973 Times 8 Feb. 23/2 Dolly's hard-nosed business approach to publishers probably did not have universal support.

1994 J. Michael Tangled Web ii. xii. 224 He's built a reputation for being hard-nosed about the budget.

2012 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 22 Mar. 15/4 Cosell liked to present himself as a real journalist who offered the public hard-nosed, candid reporting.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hard-nosed
释义	hard-nosedadj. Brit. /ˌhɑːdˈnəʊzd/, U.S. /ˈhɑrdˌnoʊzd/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hard adj., nosed adj. Etymology: < hard adj. + nosed adj. †1. Having little or no sense of smell. Obsolete.Originally of a hunting dog. ΚΠ 1815 J. Mayer Sportsman's Directory p. xii Hard-nosed, having little or no sense of smelling. 1846 ‘Craven’ Recreations in Shooting 141 He shall not be hard nosed, nor near scented, but wind his birds at long distances. 1856 Bombay Times 18 Oct. 668/3 Hard nosed geologists will find the most beautiful sections the Island presents near the mouth of the Town Drain. 1876 J. J. G. Wilkinson On Human Sci. viii. 33 The influence of sewers and their connection with fevers was scarcely appreciated by our hard-nosed ancestors. 2. colloquial (originally U.S.). Having or demonstrating an unsentimental or ruthless determination; obstinate, uncompromising; tough-minded. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] starkOE moodyOE stithc1000 stidyc1175 stallc1275 harda1382 stubbornc1386 obstinate?1387 throa1400 hard nolleda1425 obstinant?a1425 pertinacec1425 stablec1440 dour1488 unresigned1497 difficultc1503 hard-necked1530 pertinatec1534 obstacle1535 stout-stomached1549 hard-faced1567 stunt1581 hard-headed1583 pertinacious1583 stuntly1583 peremptory1589 stomachous1590 mulish1600 stomachful1600 obstined1606 restive1633 obstinacious1649 opinionated1649 tenacious1656 iron-sided1659 sturdy1664 cat-witted1672 obstinated1672 unyielding1677 ruggish1688 bullet-headed1699 tough1780 pelsy1785 stupid1788 hard-set1818 thick and thin1822 stuntya1825 rigwiddie1826 indomitable1830 recalcitrant1830 set1848 mule-headed1870 muley1871 capitose1881 hard-nosed1917 tight1928 1917 Terre Haute (Indiana) Star 24 Dec. 1/1 That set the whole camp into a mighty ‘hard-nosed’ bunch. 1925 Life 19 Mar. 1/1 (advt.) Every ad is a bid. I sit hard-nosed and decide. 1973 Times 8 Feb. 23/2 Dolly's hard-nosed business approach to publishers probably did not have universal support. 1994 J. Michael Tangled Web ii. xii. 224 He's built a reputation for being hard-nosed about the budget. 2012 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 22 Mar. 15/4 Cosell liked to present himself as a real journalist who offered the public hard-nosed, candid reporting. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1815
随便看	faeries faeriest faery faf faff faffed faffing faffle faffs fag fag ash fag ash lil fag butt fag card fag duty fag end fag feathers fag hag fag out fag system fag water fag-bash fag-basher fag-bashing fag-ender