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单词 heck
释义

heckn.1

Brit. /hɛk/, U.S. /hɛk/, Scottish English /hɛk/
Forms: Old English hec, Middle English hek, hekke, (Middle English hec, heke), 1500s– heck (1500s hekk, 1600s hecke, heake); other forms, see hatch n.1
Etymology: Old English hęc (in fodder-hęc , Anglia IX. 265), also hæc < West Germanic *hakjā : compare in same sense Middle Low German heck , Dutch hek fence, rail, gate, in Kilian hecke . Heck is a northern form, the southern being hetch . The Old English variant hæc (compare Sievers Ags. Gr., ed. 3, §89) gave in southern and midland English the form hatch n.1: see also hack n.4
Chiefly Scottish and northern dialect.
1.
a. The lower half of a door; also, an inner door; = hatch n.1 1. northern dialect.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > types of door > [noun] > other types of door
hall-doorc1275
falling doorc1300
stable doorc1330
vice-door1354
hecka1400
lodge-doorc1400
street door1465
gate-doora1500
portal1516
backdoor1530
portal door1532
side door1535
by-door1542
outer door1548
postern door1551
house door1565
fore-door1581
way-door1597
leaf door1600
folding door1611
clap-door1625
balcony-door1635
out-door1646
anteportc1660
screen door1668
frontish-door1703
posticum1704
side entrance1724
sash-door1726
Venetian door1731
oak1780
jib-door1800
trellis?c1800
sporting door1824
ledge-door1825
through door1827
bivalves1832
swing-door1833
tradesmen's entrance1838
ledged door1851
tradesmen's door?1851
fire door1876
storm door1878
shoji1880
fire door1889
Dutch door1890
patio door1900
stable door1900
ledge(d) and brace(d) door1901
suicide door1925
louvre door1953
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of door > [noun] > lower half of door
hatchOE
hecka1400
a1400 Minor Poems from Vernon MS xxiv. 231 Of paradys he opened the hekke.
c1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 668/4 Hoc ostiolum, hek.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 231/2 Hec, hek, or hetche, or a dore.
1483 Cath. Angl. 181/1 An Heke (A. hekke), antica.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiii. 139 Good wyff, open the hek! Seys thou not what I bryng?
a1529 J. Skelton Howe Douty Duke of Albany in Wks. (1568) sig. F.iiiiv Go begge a byt Of brede, at ylke mannes hecke.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Eiv/1 An Heck, hatch, portella.
1691 J. Ray N. Country Words in Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 36 The Heck, the Door. Steck the Heck.
1691 J. Ray Catal. N. Country Words in Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 135 The Hollen, is a wall about 2½ yards high, used in dwelling Houses to secure the Family from the blasts of wind, rushing in when the heck is open.
1703 R. Thoresby Let. 27 Apr. in J. Ray Corr. (1848) 423 The Heck is ordinarily but half a door, the lower half.
1788 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in Rural Econ. Yorks. II. 334 Heck,..also the inner or entry-door of a cottage; formerly, in all probability, made like a heck.
1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Heck, a door, or rather a door in halves as a top and bottom; especially the lower half door.
1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Heck, heck-door, the inner door between the entry or lobby, and the house or kitchen.
b. (See quots.) northern dialect.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > passage or corridor > [noun]
alley1363
tresance1428
passagea1525
gallery1541
trance1545
through-passage1575
lobby1596
passageway?1606
conduit1624
gangway1702
vista1708
glidec1710
aisle1734
gallery1756
corridor1814
traverse1822
heck1825
rotunda1847
scutchell1847
zaguan1851
aisleway1868
pend1893
dogtrot1901
fairway1903
dog run1904
dog walk1938
walkout1947
coulisse1949
1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Heck..the passage into a house.
1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Heck, the division from the side of the fire in the form of a passage in old houses.
2. A grating or frame of parallel bars in a river to obstruct the passage of fish, or other solid bodies, without obstructing the flow of the water: variously applied to an apparatus of this kind used to catch fish at a weir, and in Scottish and north English, to the bars or spars of which this is composed, also to a horizontal series of bars laid alongside the top of a dam or weir to prevent salmon from jumping over it, and to a grating of vertical bars set in a mill-race to prevent solid floating substances or fish from passing over or under the mill-wheel; = hatch n.1 3(a).
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the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > fish-trap > [noun] > weir
heck1424
weir-heckc1467
ebbing-weir1472
strite1537
ebbing-lock1539
stell yair1600
hedge1653
weir house1791
the Queen's share?1795
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > in a river
heck1424
flota1777
blockade1871
1424 Sc. Acts Jas. I c. 12 Þat ilk hek of þe forsaid crufis be þre inche wyde as it is requirit in þe auld statutis.
1472 Act 12 Edw. IV c. 7 Hebbyngwerez, estakez, kideux, hekkez ou flodegates.
1531–2 Act 23 Hen. VIII c. 18 (title) Fisshegarthes, piles, stakes, heckes, and other ingins sett in the Ryver & Water of Ouse & Humbre.
c1575 Balfour's Practicks (1754) 543 All sic cruives and maskis and heckis thairof, sall have at the leist twa inche in lenth, and thre inche in breidth, swa that the smolt or fry may frelie swim up and down the water.
1623 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1885) III. ii. 199 Matthew Harland presented for suffering his salmon heckes to stand in the Eske in unseasonable times.
a1724 in Hearne R. Glouc. (1724) Gloss. at Hext Grates, sett in Rivers or Waters before Fludgates, which are called Hecks.
1804 Act 43 Geo. III c. xlv. §15 No person shall use any grate heck or other engine or device..in any fishery..whereof the bars or staps shall be otherwise than perpendicular and of an oval shape.
1820 Aberdeen Jrnl. 2 Aug. (Jam.) To put proper hecks on the tail-races of their canals, to prevent salmon or grilse from entering them.
1863 N. Brit. Daily Mail 12 Sept. It is in the power of the Commissioners to order hecks above and below mill~wheels.
1870 Law Rep.: Common Pleas Div. 5 717 Besides the perpendicular hecks placed in the apertures of the weir or dam, there were also a set of horizontal hecks..along the top of the weir.
1870 Law Rep.: Common Pleas Div. 5 718 This coop was legal in all its parts..both in the coop-hecks and the weir-hecks.
3. A rack made with parallel spars to hold fodder, either fixed in a stable, or movable, so as to be placed in a field, cattle-yard, or sheep-fold ( stand-heck); = hack n.4 1, hatch n.1 4 at heck and manger: in comfortable circumstances, in plenty, ‘in clover’. Scottish and northern dialect.
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the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > feeding animals > [noun] > fodder rack
cribOE
hatchlOE
cratch?c1225
rack1343
mangerc1350
heckc1420
hake1551
stand heck1570
hack1612
meat rack1744
hay-rack1825
c1420 Anturs of Arth. 448 (Thornton) Haye hendly, heuyde in hekkes [v.r. haches] on hyghte.
1521 in Archæol. XVII. 203 A rowm..which I have orissed with Hek and Mangeor for xx horse.
1620 G. Markham Farwell to Husbandry ii. 13 The soyle of yong Cattell made in the Winter time by feeding at stand Heakes.
1663 Inventory Ld. J. Gordon's Furnit. in J. Nicholson Minute Bk. War Comm. Covenanters Kirkcudbright (1855) The stables all in order, with heck and manger.
1748 tr. Vegetius Of Distempers Horses 99 The Rack or Heck as the common People call it.
1814 W. Scott Waverley III. xvi. 239 [He] maintained puir Davie at heck and manger maist feck o' his life. View more context for this quotation
1824 S. Ferrier Inheritance II. xxii. 237 Six stout horses..had been living at heck and manger.
1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Heck, a rack for fodder in a stable or field.
4. = hake n.3 3. Obsolete or dialect.
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the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of dairy produce > [noun] > formation of cheese > drying frame
cheeseheck1345
heck1403
cheese rack1456
cheese cratch1586
hake1689
cheese crate1846
1403 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1883) II. 20 j. chesehek, ijd.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Chasiere, a cheese-hecke; the long and round racke whereon cheese is dried.
1615 G. Markham Eng. House-wife (1660) 152 Throughly dry, and fit to go into the Cheese-heck.
5. (See quots.) Also heck-board. local.
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society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > cart or wagon for conveying goods > [noun] > parts of > body > plank or rail > to increase capacity
cart-staff1297
thripple14..
rathe1459
summer1510
cart-ladder?1523
rail1530
rave1530
shelboard1569
wain-flakes1570
load-pina1642
shelvingsa1642
cop1679
float1686
lade1686
outrigger1794
shelvement1808
sideboard1814
heck1825
hay-rigging1855
floating rail1892
1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Heck-board, a loose board at the back part of a cart.
1862 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 23 216 One-horse carts, with hecks and shelvings.
1883 T. Lees Easther's Gloss. Dial. Almondbury & Huddersfield Heck,..the rail or hurdle placed in front and behind a cart, used in housing hay.
6. A ‘shuttle’ or sluice in a drain; = hatch n.1 3. local.
ΚΠ
1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs.
7. A contrivance in a spinning-wheel, and hence, also, in a warping-mill, by which the yarn or thread is guided to the reel or reels: see quots.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture of thread or yarn > [noun] > spinning > spinning wheel > other parts
hake1502
temper-pin1788
heck1824
chase1902
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > preparing warp > machine for > parts of
heck1883
1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. Heck,..the toothed thing which guides the spun-thread on to the pirn, in spinning-wheels.
1829 E. Irving Tale of Times of Martyrs in A. Cunningham Anniversary 283 Her spinning wheel was of the upright construction, having no heck, but a moveable eye which was carried along the pirn by a heart-motion.
1883 H. P. Smith Gloss. Terms & Phr. Heck,..an apparatus by which the threads of warps are separated into sets for heddles.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
heck-door n.
ΚΠ
1811 W. Aiton Gen. View Agric. Ayr 115 (Jam.) The cattle..turning the contrary way by the heck-door to the byre or stable.
1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield Heck-doors, small wooden doors opening into a farmyard.
heck-stake n. (See sense 1.)
ΚΠ
1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Hecksteeak, the door-stake or night~bar.
heck-stave n.
ΚΠ
1416–17 Durham MS. Terr. Roll. Hekstaues pro ovibus in le Holme.
C2.
Categories »
heck-board n. (see sense 5).
heck-box n. a box used to divide the warp threads into two alternate sets, one for each heddle or heald.
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1091/2 The heck-box slides vertically on a bar as the reel rotates, and thus disposes the warp spirally on the reel.
heck-stead n.
ΚΠ
1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Hecksteead, or Heckway, the doorway.
heck-stower n. one of the spars of a heck: see also quot. 1876 for heck-stake n. at Compounds 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > types of tools generally > [noun] > in form of bar, pole, rod, etc.
stingc725
stakec893
sowelc900
tree971
rungOE
shaftc1000
staffc1000
stockc1000
poleOE
spritOE
luga1250
lever1297
stanga1300
perchc1300
raftc1330
sheltbeam1336
stower1371
palea1382
spar1388
spire1392
perk1396
ragged staff1397
peela1400
slot1399
plantc1400
heck-stower1401
sparkin1408
cammockc1425
sallow stakec1440
spoke1467
perk treec1480
yard1480
bode1483
spit1485
bolm1513
gada1535
ruttock1542
stob1550
blade1558
wattle1570
bamboo1598
loggat1600
barling1611
sparret1632
picket1687
tringle1706
sprund1736
lug-pole1773
polting lug1789
baton1801
stuckin1809
rack-pin1821
picket-pin1844
I-iron1874
pricker1875
stag1881
podger1888
window pole1888
verge1897
sallow pole1898
lat1899
swizzle-stick1962
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > in a river > spar of
heck-stower1401
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > [noun] > bolt or bar
shuttle971
barc1175
esselc1275
slota1300
sperel13..
ginc1330
staple-bar1339
shotc1430
shuttingc1440
shutc1460
spar1596
counter-bar1611
shooter1632
drawbar1670
night bolt1775
drop-bolt1786
snibbing-bolt1844
stay-band1844
window bar1853
heck-stower1876
barrel bolt1909
latch bolt1909
panic bolt1911
1401–2 Durham MS. Terr. Roll. Hekstaures pro le Holme.
a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 127 Younge trees..in 4 or 5 yeares space..will serve for flayle-handstaffes, Cavinge rake-shaftes, heckestowers [etc.].
1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Heckstower, the portable beam across the middle of the hatchway (i.e. the opening through the shop floor into the cellar) for supporting the lid.
heck-way n. dialect a doorway.
ΚΠ
1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Hecksteead, or Heckway, the doorway.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Heckn.2

Etymology: Short for Hector n.With the phrase Bully Heck , compare quot. 1602 at Hector n. 1.
Obsolete. rare.
= Hector n. 2.
ΚΠ
1706 E. Ward Hudibras Redivivus II. iii. 20 Behind these, came two Bully Hecks, With feather'd Cock'd up Cordebecks .
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

heckn.3int.

Brit. /hɛk/, U.S. /hɛk/
Etymology: Euphemistic alteration of hell n. and int.
regional and colloquial.
= hell n. and int. in asseverations and emphatic expressions. (Also hecky in regional use.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [noun] > religious oaths (referring to God) > referring to the devil or hell
fienda1568
hangment1825
heck1887
hell1888
Hades1912
hell-fire1939
the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [noun] > euphemisms for stronger oaths > for 'hell'
heck1887
Hades1912
1865 ‘D. Moudywarp’ & ‘B. Moudywarp’ Wot Aw seed ut th' Preston Eggsibishun in Eng. Dial. Dict. 88 Well, aw'll go to ecky, he cried.
1878 J. Almond Bunch of Watercresses 21 Where the hecky could he go to?]
1887 T. Darlington Folk-speech S. Cheshire What the heck are yŏ up to?1922 S. Lewis Babbitt xiv. 178 How it feels, by heck, to be up at five-thirty.1925 Blackwood's Mag. Oct. 545/1 I couldn't make out what in heck was going on.1928 M. Walsh While Rivers Run ii. §3 By heck! what a kick he must have in that right of his.1930 Daily Express 23 May 10/3 Does the borough council care? By heck, it doesn't!1932 J. T. Farrell Young Lonigan iii. 141 He would have the heck of a time explaining his shiner to the old lady.1933 Punch 11 Jan. 52/1 He insisted on St. Isinglas because he thought everything here was so well organised. The heck it is.1936 M. H. Bradley Five-minute Girl xiii. 236 He had certainly played heck with that party.1956 E. Pound tr. Sophocles Women of Trachis 17 That fellow was lying, one time or the other, One heck of a messenger!1957 I. Cross God Boy (1958) i. 12 Heck now, I started off with Dad talking to me..and here we are no further on.1957 I. Cross God Boy (1958) xii. 95 People go all the way the heck over to France.1966 Guardian 5 Feb. 6/4 Sometimes he sings for sheer fun and the heck of it.1973 D. Westheimer Going Public i. 15 It's a heck of a responsibility.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

heckv.

Etymology: Echoic. Compare hack v.1 11.
intransitive. To cough slightly; to imitate the noise of a cough.
ΚΠ
1892 P. H. Emerson Son of Fens 44 They had seen me, and they hecked when they came in.

Derivatives

ˈhecking adj. Obsolete = hacking adj. 4
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > [adjective] > coughing > type of cough
hecking1642
bound1759
short1797
hacky1810
loose1833
retching1856
pecking1865
brassy1880
productive1923
1642 T. Fuller Holy State ii. ii. 55 An hecking cough which ever attendeth that disease.
1752 Philos. Trans. 1749–50 (Royal Soc.) 46 438 A short, low, hecking, hoarse Cough.
1799 T. Beddoes Contrib. Physical & Med. Knowl. 536 A hard cough, which had succeeded to a short hecking cough.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online September 2018).
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更新时间:2025/3/1 3:13:14