hellishadj.adv.

Brit.

/ˈhɛlɪʃ/, U.S.

/ˈhɛlɪʃ/

Forms: see hell n. and int. and -ish suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: hell n., -ish suffix¹.

Etymology: < hell n. + -ish suffix¹. Compare Old Frisian helsk , Middle Low German hellesch , helsch , Middle High German hellisch (German höllisch ). Compare earlier helly adj. With use as adverb compare earlier hellishly adv., helly adv. Compare also earlier infernal adj.

A. adj.

a. Of, belonging to, or relating to hell or the infernal regions; infernal.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [adjective]

nethereOE

hellena1225

infernalc1374

infern?a1513

hellish1530

helly1532

Avernal?1548

hellic1566

subterrestrial1592

Plutonic1596

Acherontic1597

Plutonical1599

Stygian1601

subterranean1603

Plutonian1604

Acherontical1610

subterraneous1631

subterraneal1643

Tophetical1684

pandemoniac1793

submundane1805

subterrene1809

netherworld1828

pandemonic1833

Acheronian1849

transacherontic1854

Avernian1864

trans-Stygian1899

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 315/1 Hellysshe, belongyng to helle, tartaricque, infernal.

a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. F3 Faustus is gone, regard his hellish fall, Whose fiendful fortune may exhort the wise.

1618 S. Rowlands Sacred Memorie 16 Iesus, that sonne of God art known to be, What haue we (hellish fiends) to doe with thee?

1680 J. Bunyan Life & Death Mr. Badman 100 Some men..have a kind of mystical, but hellish copulation with the Devil.

1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. ii. 49 The last is truly called Diabolical and hellish Magick.

1790 R. Burns Tam o' Shanter 191 in Poems & Songs (1968) II. 563 Scarcely had he Maggie rallied, When out the hellish legion sallied.

1842 Promethean Mar. 43/1 Those who bow to hellish influences, and live in the infernal regions of this world.

1860 J. A. Hessey Bampton Lect. 399 Here malignant spirits have held their sabbath or hellish revelries.

1926 Amer. Mercury July 262/1 The hellish doctrine of evolution.

1967 Educ. Theatre Jrnl. 19 403 The Ghost is not the dead king returned but a hellish demon in disguise.

2007 Newsday (N.Y.) (Nexis) 16 Feb. b 2 His true love is protected in exchange for allowing his body to host a hellish spirit.

b. Of or belonging to Hades, the underworld of the ancient Greeks.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [adjective] > of classical mythology

hellish1557

Acherontic1597

Tartareal1602

Tartareous1619

Tartarean1623

Tartarine1656

Hadean1845

Tartarian1864

Tartaraean1872

1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes sig. R.ii In Plutoes den..These hellish houndes..Can not so sore the silly soules torment.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Oct. 30 His musicks might the hellish hound did tame.

1641 J. Taylor Hellish Parl. 5 They craved instructions which they said should be as absolute Statutes of that their most hellish Parliament; to which Pluto most ioyfully accorded.

a1704 T. Brown Oration in Praise Drunkenness in Wks. (1707) I. i. 55 In vain does Hercules boast of all his Victories, of his Hydra..and the Hellish Cerberus.

1798 J. Jamieson Eternity 39 Of hellish Cerberus..The watchful pow'rs might by a sop be chain'd.

1846 Athenaeum 11 Apr. 369/1 He was dipped in Styx, that hellish stream.

1884 R. F. Gould Hist. Freemasonry III. xiii. 105 How pleasant were it, that you could so sing, that..instead of hellish Pluto, [you could] move the mighty Princes of the world.

1966 Speculum 41 650 Even though we have heard that Orpheus plays the harp, we are not prepared for the magnificent melodies that charm the hellish spirits.

1998 R. J. Schork Greek & Hellenic Culture in Joyce iii. 55 In the same general vicinity as these two hellish streams is the Acheron.

2. Of the nature or character of hell or infernal beings; deserving of hell. Also in weakened sense: extremely difficult or unpleasant.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > hellishness > [adjective]

hellish1542

Tophetical1684

Tartarean1806

society > morality > moral evil > [adjective] > like hell

hellish1542

Tartareous1619

Tophetical1684

Tartarean1806

the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [adjective] > of the nature of

hellish1542

infernal1562

pandemoniana1788

pandemoniacal1862

1542 T. Becon Comfortable Epist. iii. sig. Aviii ^v These thinges made God..to suffer the prince of darkenes to shadow vs with his winges of hellish ignorauncy & deuelish blindnes.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) iii. sig. Ff6^v To asswage the sweltring of my hellish longing.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) v. ii. 378 To you Lord Gouernour, Remaines the censure of this hellish villaine.

1678 N. Luttrell Diary Sept. in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 1 About the latter end of this month was a hellish conspiracy, contrived and carried on by the papists.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 402. ⁋3 I sit down and describe my present Disposition with so hellish an Aspect.

1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere ii, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 11 I had done an hellish thing And it would work 'em woe.

1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. xii. 297 We heard hellish noises, as all our people did.

1885 Christian World 15 Jan. 37/3 That..hatching-place of hellish plots of wholesale murder.

1925 Times 4 Sept. 8/2 The craggy sides of the crater led to a horrible floor, hellish in colour and form.

1948 H. Arendt in Partisan Rev. July 751 Men can realize hellish fantasies without making the sky fall or the earth open.

1978 R. S. J. Boyle Joyce's Pauline Vision iv. 44 Hellish solipsism, with the mind as its own place making its own heavens and hells.

1999 Mod. Lang. Rev. 94 795 She emerges from her hellish experience a sadder and wiser human being.

3. As an intensifier: great, extreme, excessive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective] > very great or extreme

strangec1380

overpassinga1382

passinga1387

most?c1430

extremec1460

horriblea1464

violenta1500

mainc1540

immortal?c1550

exquisite1552

sore1555

three-piled1598

thundering1618

devilish1639

shrewda1643

deadly1660

woundy1681

vast1696

monstrous1711

mortal1716

terrific1743

hell-fired1754

hellish1764

colossal1794

severe1805

awful1818

all-fired1829

terrible1829

quare and1847

ferocious1877

pluperfect1889

raging1889

giddy1896

utter1898

stiff1905

1764 T. Bridges Homer Travestie II. v. 5 Tyd. could run in time of need, What jockies call a hellish speed.

1798 Courier in Spirit of Public Jrnls. (1799) 2 307 Why did you ride at such a hellish rate?

1818 J. Keats Lett. in Wks. (1889) III. 166 A man on the coach said the horses took a ‘hellish heap o' drivin'’.

1875 A. Porson Notes Quaint Words Dial. S. Worcs. 9 The word hellish seems to mean particularly so, or very much, and is applied to such words as—Dark, Cold, Good, Proud, Hot, Kind, Big etc.

1936 D. Thomas Let. 21 Aug. (1987) 236 I'm..just depressed as hell by this chronic, hellish lack of money.

1998 Toronto Star (Nexis) 30 Aug. f1 This kind of cheap-and-easy publicity must seem a hellish price to pay for regaining public favour.

B. adv.

Infernally, damnably. Frequently in weakened sense as an intensifier: terribly, extremely. Cf. devilish adv. Now colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > extremely or exceedingly > specifically of something bad

sorea1300

grievously1340

terrible1490

beastly?1518

shrewdlyc1533

arrantly?1548

murrainly?1548

abominablea1550

pestilence1567

pestilently1567

cursedly1570

pestiferously1570

murrain1575

plaguey1584

plaguilya1586

grievous1598

scandalously1602

horridly1603

terribly1604

monstrously1611

hellish1614

dreadfullya1616

horrid1615

pestilenta1616

infernally1638

preposterously1661

woeful1684

confoundedly1694

confounded1709

glaringly1709

cursed1719

flagrantly1756

weary1790

disgustingly1804

filthy1827

blamed1833

peskily1833

pesky1833

blame1843

blasted1854

wickedly1858

blatantly1878

shamelessly1885

disgracefully1893

ruddy1913

bastarda1935

pissing1951

sodding1954

pissingly1971

1614 S. Purchas Pilgrimage (ed. 2) v. vii. 481 A mouth O hellish wide.

1676 J. Wilson Vanity Mans Present State ii. 81 You know how Paul..ingaged in his hellish hot service of persecution.

1765 Memoirs Coquet v. 144 Sleeping in the afternoon is a hellish bad custom.

a1777 S. Foote Devil upon Two Sticks (1778) i. 15 You make a little free with our condition..as, hellish dull, damn'd clever, hellish cold.

1792 C. Smith Desmond II. 37 You've got a hellish clever trotting mare.

1811 Lexicon Balatronicum at Bang Up Quite the thing, hellish fine.

1854 R. S. Surtees Handley Cross (new ed.) lvii. 403 Hellish dark, and smells of cheese!

1901 ‘G. Douglas’ House with Green Shutters xi. 103 He's hellish angry.

1958 Engineering 4 Apr. 425/3 Hellish complicated business.

2004 Racing Post (Nexis) 24 Aug. 8 It is a hellish expensive pastime indulged in by posh folk.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hellish
释义	hellishadj.adv. Brit. /ˈhɛlɪʃ/, U.S. /ˈhɛlɪʃ/ Forms: see hell n. and int. and -ish suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: hell n., -ish suffix¹. Etymology: < hell n. + -ish suffix¹. Compare Old Frisian helsk , Middle Low German hellesch , helsch , Middle High German hellisch (German höllisch ). Compare earlier helly adj. With use as adverb compare earlier hellishly adv., helly adv. Compare also earlier infernal adj. A. adj. 1. a. Of, belonging to, or relating to hell or the infernal regions; infernal. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [adjective] nethereOE hellena1225 infernalc1374 infern?a1513 hellish1530 helly1532 Avernal?1548 hellic1566 subterrestrial1592 Plutonic1596 Acherontic1597 Plutonical1599 Stygian1601 subterranean1603 Plutonian1604 Acherontical1610 subterraneous1631 subterraneal1643 Tophetical1684 pandemoniac1793 submundane1805 subterrene1809 netherworld1828 pandemonic1833 Acheronian1849 transacherontic1854 Avernian1864 trans-Stygian1899 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 315/1 Hellysshe, belongyng to helle, tartaricque, infernal. a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. F3 Faustus is gone, regard his hellish fall, Whose fiendful fortune may exhort the wise. 1618 S. Rowlands Sacred Memorie 16 Iesus, that sonne of God art known to be, What haue we (hellish fiends) to doe with thee? 1680 J. Bunyan Life & Death Mr. Badman 100 Some men..have a kind of mystical, but hellish copulation with the Devil. 1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. ii. 49 The last is truly called Diabolical and hellish Magick. 1790 R. Burns Tam o' Shanter 191 in Poems & Songs (1968) II. 563 Scarcely had he Maggie rallied, When out the hellish legion sallied. 1842 Promethean Mar. 43/1 Those who bow to hellish influences, and live in the infernal regions of this world. 1860 J. A. Hessey Bampton Lect. 399 Here malignant spirits have held their sabbath or hellish revelries. 1926 Amer. Mercury July 262/1 The hellish doctrine of evolution. 1967 Educ. Theatre Jrnl. 19 403 The Ghost is not the dead king returned but a hellish demon in disguise. 2007 Newsday (N.Y.) (Nexis) 16 Feb. b 2 His true love is protected in exchange for allowing his body to host a hellish spirit. b. Of or belonging to Hades, the underworld of the ancient Greeks. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [adjective] > of classical mythology hellish1557 Acherontic1597 Tartareal1602 Tartareous1619 Tartarean1623 Tartarine1656 Hadean1845 Tartarian1864 Tartaraean1872 1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes sig. R.ii In Plutoes den..These hellish houndes..Can not so sore the silly soules torment. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Oct. 30 His musicks might the hellish hound did tame. 1641 J. Taylor Hellish Parl. 5 They craved instructions which they said should be as absolute Statutes of that their most hellish Parliament; to which Pluto most ioyfully accorded. a1704 T. Brown Oration in Praise Drunkenness in Wks. (1707) I. i. 55 In vain does Hercules boast of all his Victories, of his Hydra..and the Hellish Cerberus. 1798 J. Jamieson Eternity 39 Of hellish Cerberus..The watchful pow'rs might by a sop be chain'd. 1846 Athenaeum 11 Apr. 369/1 He was dipped in Styx, that hellish stream. 1884 R. F. Gould Hist. Freemasonry III. xiii. 105 How pleasant were it, that you could so sing, that..instead of hellish Pluto, [you could] move the mighty Princes of the world. 1966 Speculum 41 650 Even though we have heard that Orpheus plays the harp, we are not prepared for the magnificent melodies that charm the hellish spirits. 1998 R. J. Schork Greek & Hellenic Culture in Joyce iii. 55 In the same general vicinity as these two hellish streams is the Acheron. 2. Of the nature or character of hell or infernal beings; deserving of hell. Also in weakened sense: extremely difficult or unpleasant. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > hellishness > [adjective] hellish1542 Tophetical1684 Tartarean1806 society > morality > moral evil > [adjective] > like hell hellish1542 Tartareous1619 Tophetical1684 Tartarean1806 the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [adjective] > of the nature of hellish1542 infernal1562 pandemoniana1788 pandemoniacal1862 1542 T. Becon Comfortable Epist. iii. sig. Aviii ^v These thinges made God..to suffer the prince of darkenes to shadow vs with his winges of hellish ignorauncy & deuelish blindnes. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) iii. sig. Ff6^v To asswage the sweltring of my hellish longing. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) v. ii. 378 To you Lord Gouernour, Remaines the censure of this hellish villaine. View more context for this quotation 1678 N. Luttrell Diary Sept. in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) I. 1 About the latter end of this month was a hellish conspiracy, contrived and carried on by the papists. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 402. ⁋3 I sit down and describe my present Disposition with so hellish an Aspect. 1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere ii, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 11 I had done an hellish thing And it would work 'em woe. 1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. xii. 297 We heard hellish noises, as all our people did. 1885 Christian World 15 Jan. 37/3 That..hatching-place of hellish plots of wholesale murder. 1925 Times 4 Sept. 8/2 The craggy sides of the crater led to a horrible floor, hellish in colour and form. 1948 H. Arendt in Partisan Rev. July 751 Men can realize hellish fantasies without making the sky fall or the earth open. 1978 R. S. J. Boyle Joyce's Pauline Vision iv. 44 Hellish solipsism, with the mind as its own place making its own heavens and hells. 1999 Mod. Lang. Rev. 94 795 She emerges from her hellish experience a sadder and wiser human being. 3. As an intensifier: great, extreme, excessive. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective] > very great or extreme strangec1380 overpassinga1382 passinga1387 most?c1430 extremec1460 horriblea1464 violenta1500 mainc1540 immortal?c1550 exquisite1552 sore1555 three-piled1598 thundering1618 devilish1639 shrewda1643 deadly1660 woundy1681 vast1696 monstrous1711 mortal1716 terrific1743 hell-fired1754 hellish1764 colossal1794 severe1805 awful1818 all-fired1829 terrible1829 quare and1847 ferocious1877 pluperfect1889 raging1889 giddy1896 utter1898 stiff1905 1764 T. Bridges Homer Travestie II. v. 5 Tyd. could run in time of need, What jockies call a hellish speed. 1798 Courier in Spirit of Public Jrnls. (1799) 2 307 Why did you ride at such a hellish rate? 1818 J. Keats Lett. in Wks. (1889) III. 166 A man on the coach said the horses took a ‘hellish heap o' drivin'’. 1875 A. Porson Notes Quaint Words Dial. S. Worcs. 9 The word hellish seems to mean particularly so, or very much, and is applied to such words as—Dark, Cold, Good, Proud, Hot, Kind, Big etc. 1936 D. Thomas Let. 21 Aug. (1987) 236 I'm..just depressed as hell by this chronic, hellish lack of money. 1998 Toronto Star (Nexis) 30 Aug. f1 This kind of cheap-and-easy publicity must seem a hellish price to pay for regaining public favour. B. adv. Infernally, damnably. Frequently in weakened sense as an intensifier: terribly, extremely. Cf. devilish adv. Now colloquial. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > extremely or exceedingly > specifically of something bad sorea1300 grievously1340 terrible1490 beastly?1518 shrewdlyc1533 arrantly?1548 murrainly?1548 abominablea1550 pestilence1567 pestilently1567 cursedly1570 pestiferously1570 murrain1575 plaguey1584 plaguilya1586 grievous1598 scandalously1602 horridly1603 terribly1604 monstrously1611 hellish1614 dreadfullya1616 horrid1615 pestilenta1616 infernally1638 preposterously1661 woeful1684 confoundedly1694 confounded1709 glaringly1709 cursed1719 flagrantly1756 weary1790 disgustingly1804 filthy1827 blamed1833 peskily1833 pesky1833 blame1843 blasted1854 wickedly1858 blatantly1878 shamelessly1885 disgracefully1893 ruddy1913 bastarda1935 pissing1951 sodding1954 pissingly1971 1614 S. Purchas Pilgrimage (ed. 2) v. vii. 481 A mouth O hellish wide. 1676 J. Wilson Vanity Mans Present State ii. 81 You know how Paul..ingaged in his hellish hot service of persecution. 1765 Memoirs Coquet v. 144 Sleeping in the afternoon is a hellish bad custom. a1777 S. Foote Devil upon Two Sticks (1778) i. 15 You make a little free with our condition..as, hellish dull, damn'd clever, hellish cold. 1792 C. Smith Desmond II. 37 You've got a hellish clever trotting mare. 1811 Lexicon Balatronicum at Bang Up Quite the thing, hellish fine. 1854 R. S. Surtees Handley Cross (new ed.) lvii. 403 Hellish dark, and smells of cheese! 1901 ‘G. Douglas’ House with Green Shutters xi. 103 He's hellish angry. 1958 Engineering 4 Apr. 425/3 Hellish complicated business. 2004 Racing Post (Nexis) 24 Aug. 8 It is a hellish expensive pastime indulged in by posh folk. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.adv.1530
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