arduousadj.

/ˈɑːdjuːəs/

Etymology: < Latin arduus high, steep, difficult + -ous suffix.

1. Lofty, high, steep, difficult to climb; also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [adjective] > steep

stickleOE

steepc1175

shore14..

steyc1480

proclive1524

steeping1530

brant1545

steepy1565

abrupt1591

dreich1597

downsteepy1603

acclive1616

arduous1711

sharp1725

acclivous1730

rapid1785

declivitous1799

acclivitous1803

scarped1823

proclivitous1860

stoss1878

resequent1906

1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 8 Those arduous Paths they trod.

1713 R. Steele Guardian No. 20. ⁋1 To forgive is the most arduous pitch human nature can arrive at.

1831 T. B. Macaulay Boswell's Life Johnson in Ess. (1854) I. 174/2 Knowledge at which Sir I. Newton arrived through arduous and circuitous paths.

2. Hard to accomplish or achieve; requiring strong effort; difficult, laborious, severe.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > [adjective] > difficult to do or accomplish

higheOE

grievousc1386

steep1598

arduous1718

leg-breaking1835

knobby1862

nut-cracking1982

1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xiv. 523 An arduous Battel rose around the dead.

1775 J. Harris Philos. Arrangem. iii. 38 A task too arduous for unassisted Philosophy.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 206 Such an enterprise would be in the highest degree arduous and hazardous.

3. By transference to the activity required for the task: Strenuous, energetic, laborious.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective]

hardOE

strenuous1671

rough1717

arduous1753

stiff1862

effortful1900

driven1967

1753 [implied in: J. Collier Ess. Art of Tormenting 188 Arduously endeavouring to shew that these our precepts, etc. (at arduously adv.)].

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §22. 160 Less than two good ones [guides]..an arduous climber ought not to have.

1870 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 VII. lxxiii. 197 Montrose made arduous efforts to reconstruct his army.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	arduous
释义	arduousadj. /ˈɑːdjuːəs/ Etymology: < Latin arduus high, steep, difficult + -ous suffix. 1. Lofty, high, steep, difficult to climb; also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [adjective] > steep stickleOE steepc1175 shore14.. steyc1480 proclive1524 steeping1530 brant1545 steepy1565 abrupt1591 dreich1597 downsteepy1603 acclive1616 arduous1711 sharp1725 acclivous1730 rapid1785 declivitous1799 acclivitous1803 scarped1823 proclivitous1860 stoss1878 resequent1906 1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 8 Those arduous Paths they trod. 1713 R. Steele Guardian No. 20. ⁋1 To forgive is the most arduous pitch human nature can arrive at. 1831 T. B. Macaulay Boswell's Life Johnson in Ess. (1854) I. 174/2 Knowledge at which Sir I. Newton arrived through arduous and circuitous paths. 2. Hard to accomplish or achieve; requiring strong effort; difficult, laborious, severe. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > [adjective] > difficult to do or accomplish higheOE grievousc1386 steep1598 arduous1718 leg-breaking1835 knobby1862 nut-cracking1982 1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xiv. 523 An arduous Battel rose around the dead. 1775 J. Harris Philos. Arrangem. iii. 38 A task too arduous for unassisted Philosophy. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 206 Such an enterprise would be in the highest degree arduous and hazardous. 3. By transference to the activity required for the task: Strenuous, energetic, laborious. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] hardOE strenuous1671 rough1717 arduous1753 stiff1862 effortful1900 driven1967 1753 [implied in: J. Collier Ess. Art of Tormenting 188 Arduously endeavouring to shew that these our precepts, etc. (at arduously adv.)]. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §22. 160 Less than two good ones [guides]..an arduous climber ought not to have. 1870 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 VII. lxxiii. 197 Montrose made arduous efforts to reconstruct his army. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < adj.1711
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