Apenninen.adj.

Brit.

/ˈapᵻnʌɪn/, U.S.

/ˈæpəˌnaɪn/

Forms: Middle English Apennyn, 1500s–1600s Apenine, 1500s– Appenine, 1500s– Appennine, 1600s– Apennine.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin Āpennīnus, Appennīnus.

Etymology: < classical Latin Āpennīnus (also Appennīnus) the Apennine mountains, (adjective) of, or originating in the Apennine mountains (probably a derivative < the Celtic base of Old Welsh, Welsh pen head, headland, mountain top: see pen n.¹); compare -ine suffix¹. Compare Italian Appennini (plural), the name of the mountain rage. Similar names for European mountain ranges. Compare the name of the Pennine Alps (German Penninische Alpen , French Alpes pennines , Italian Alpi Pennine ), an area of the Western Alps (see pennine n.), ultimately < classical Latin Alpes Poeninae , which in its attested form apparently shows a folk-etymological alteration after Poenus Phoenician, Carthaginian (with reference to Hannibal's Alpine campaign: see Punic n.). Compare also the name of the Pennines, a mountain range in Britain (chiefly in northern England), which is first attested in post-classical Latin as Alpes Penini (1757; translated into English as Pennine Alps (1809)), and was apparently inspired or influenced by earlier statements comparing that range with the mountains of Italy (discussed in G. Redmonds Names and Hist. (2004) 65–8); compare:1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. 759 It [sc. Westmorland] lieth all of it among moores and high hilles reaching one to another (for our Appenine [L. Appenninus enim noster] waxeth heere broader and brooder still as it runneth).1742 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 3) III. 91 They may be said to divide Britain as the Apennine Mountains divide Italy. The Lunar Apennines. With senses A. 2, B. 2 compare post-classical Latin mons Apenninus ( J. Hevelius Selenographia (1647)). The plural form is perhaps due to J. H. Schröter Selenotopographische Fragmente (1791).

A. n. In singular and (now usually) plural.

1. Chiefly with the. The extensive mountain range running the length of the Italian peninsula.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [noun] > range > Apennines

Apenninec1405

sub-Apennine1811

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Ellesmere) (1873) Prol. l. 45 A prohemye, in the which..he..speketh of Apennyn, the hilles hye That been the boundes of westlumbardye.

1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. C.vij Cytisus groweth plentuously in mount Appennine.

?1592 Trag. Solyman & Perseda iv. i. 83 Neck, whiter then the snowie Apenines.

1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth i. 142 The Appennines strike through Italy..the back-bone of that country.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. xxxi. 193 His troops..occupied the unguarded passes of the Apennine.

1869 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents Abroad xxvi. 274 He can see the Alban Mountains, the Appenines, the Sabine Hills, and the blue Mediterranean.

1973 A. Mann Tiara iii. 22 Thirty years ago he was the best tommy-gunner in the Appennines.

2008 M. J. S. Rudwick Worlds before Adam xix. 272 Lyell then crossed the Apennines again, from Bologna to Florence..and resumed his study on the Subapennines in Tuscany.

2. Astronomy. More fully Lunar Apennines. With the. A prominent mountain range in the northern region of the moon's near side, along the southern edge of the Mare Imbrium.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > moon > [noun] > surface of > uplands

Apennine1715

lunarite1966

1715 W. Derham Astro-theol. v. ii. 117 Hevelius reckons the Lunar Taurus to reach to 170 German miles..and the Lunar Apennine above 100 German miles.

1851 J. R. Hind Solar Syst. v. 50 Eratosthenes is a very beautiful annular mountain placed at the extremity of the long range called the Apennines.

1904 Collier's 7 May 22/3 One of the great sights of the moon..is the mountainous district known as the Lunar Apennines.

2007 L.-A. McFadden et al. Encycl. Solar Syst. (ed. 2) 231 High mountains such as the Apennines (7 km high)..are uncompensated and are supported by a strong cool interior.

B. adj.

a. Of or relating to the Apennines in Italy; originating from or found in the Apennines. Also figurative.

ΚΠ

1549 W. Thomas Hist. Italie f. 137 Florence, an excellent faire citee, standeth at the foote of the Appenine hilles.

1603 T. Dekker 1603: Wonderfull Yeare sig. D4 The Appenine heigth of this immoderate ioy and securitie.

1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 361 This State, touching the Apenine mountaines on the South, and the Adriatike Sea upon the North.

1724 J. Henley in J. Henley et al. tr. Pliny the Younger Epist. & Panegyrick I. v. vi. 225 A Dining-Room, that receives a very wholesome Air from the Apennine Valleys [L. ex Appenninis vallibus].

1780 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 70 520 One of the Apennine mountains.

1813 J. C. Eustace Tour through Italy I. vii. 144 A striking feature of Italian, and particularly of Apennine scenery.

1870 W. Robinson Wild Garden i. 15 The blue stars of the Apennine Anemone.

1917 N. Amer. Rev. Nov. 780 The hornbeam beech worn down by Apennine sheep.

1960 F. W. Boardman Tunnels v. 57 The second longest railroad tunnel in the world..bores through the heart of the Apennine Mountains.

2004 Guardian 21 Aug. i. 14/1 One of the characteristics of the Apennine (or Marsican) brown bear..is its tolerance of human beings.

b. Archaeology. Designating or relating to an Italian Bronze Age culture characterized by dark burnished pottery.Artefacts of this culture are often found in mountainous regions.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > a civilization or culture > [adjective] > specific Bronze Age

Aegean1890

Helladic1919

Aunjetitz1924

Lausitz1928

Apennine1932

Wessex1938

Únětice1947

Únětician1947

Eblaite1976

1932 Man 32 215/2 Prof. U. Rellini..described..an Apennine culture without terremare.

1947 Proc. Prehistoric Soc. 13 99 Apennine features, such as pointillé chevron and applied lenticular decoration.

1966 D. H. Trump Central & S. Italy v. 108 ‘Typical’ Apennine carinated bowls are so..variable that the term is almost meaningless.

2000 A. F. Harding European Societies in Bronze Age vii. 242 The pottery of the Apennine culture exhibits a range of exotic forms and ornaments.

2. Astronomy. Designating, relating to, or originating from the Lunar Apennines.

ΚΠ

1671 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 6 2296 The shadow passed..through the midddle of the Eastermost of the three Lakes called Mare Adriaticum, and just touched the ridge of the Appennine Mountains.

1885 J. Nasmyth & J. Carpenter Moon (ed. 3) x. 146 Chains of mountains like many that are included in the contiguous Apennine system.

1971 Daily Tel. 19 July 7/1 Its primary object is the exploration of Hadley rille, one of the Moon's mysterious ‘ditches’ in the foothills of the Apennine range.

2003 A. Chapman in J. L. Heilbron Oxf. Compan. Hist. Mod. Sci. 545/2 In his measurement (by shadows) of the height of the lunar Apennine Mountains..Galileo demonstrated the Moon to be a world with topographical features.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	apennine
释义	Apenninen.adj. Brit. /ˈapᵻnʌɪn/, U.S. /ˈæpəˌnaɪn/ Forms: Middle English Apennyn, 1500s–1600s Apenine, 1500s– Appenine, 1500s– Appennine, 1600s– Apennine. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin Āpennīnus, Appennīnus. Etymology: < classical Latin Āpennīnus (also Appennīnus) the Apennine mountains, (adjective) of, or originating in the Apennine mountains (probably a derivative < the Celtic base of Old Welsh, Welsh pen head, headland, mountain top: see pen n.¹); compare -ine suffix¹. Compare Italian Appennini (plural), the name of the mountain rage. Similar names for European mountain ranges. Compare the name of the Pennine Alps (German Penninische Alpen , French Alpes pennines , Italian Alpi Pennine ), an area of the Western Alps (see pennine n.), ultimately < classical Latin Alpes Poeninae , which in its attested form apparently shows a folk-etymological alteration after Poenus Phoenician, Carthaginian (with reference to Hannibal's Alpine campaign: see Punic n.). Compare also the name of the Pennines, a mountain range in Britain (chiefly in northern England), which is first attested in post-classical Latin as Alpes Penini (1757; translated into English as Pennine Alps (1809)), and was apparently inspired or influenced by earlier statements comparing that range with the mountains of Italy (discussed in G. Redmonds Names and Hist. (2004) 65–8); compare:1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. 759 It [sc. Westmorland] lieth all of it among moores and high hilles reaching one to another (for our Appenine [L. Appenninus enim noster] waxeth heere broader and brooder still as it runneth).1742 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 3) III. 91 They may be said to divide Britain as the Apennine Mountains divide Italy. The Lunar Apennines. With senses A. 2, B. 2 compare post-classical Latin mons Apenninus ( J. Hevelius Selenographia (1647)). The plural form is perhaps due to J. H. Schröter Selenotopographische Fragmente (1791). A. n. In singular and (now usually) plural. 1. Chiefly with the. The extensive mountain range running the length of the Italian peninsula. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [noun] > range > Apennines Apenninec1405 sub-Apennine1811 c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Ellesmere) (1873) Prol. l. 45 A prohemye, in the which..he..speketh of Apennyn, the hilles hye That been the boundes of westlumbardye. 1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. C.vij Cytisus groweth plentuously in mount Appennine. ?1592 Trag. Solyman & Perseda iv. i. 83 Neck, whiter then the snowie Apenines. 1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth i. 142 The Appennines strike through Italy..the back-bone of that country. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. xxxi. 193 His troops..occupied the unguarded passes of the Apennine. 1869 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents Abroad xxvi. 274 He can see the Alban Mountains, the Appenines, the Sabine Hills, and the blue Mediterranean. 1973 A. Mann Tiara iii. 22 Thirty years ago he was the best tommy-gunner in the Appennines. 2008 M. J. S. Rudwick Worlds before Adam xix. 272 Lyell then crossed the Apennines again, from Bologna to Florence..and resumed his study on the Subapennines in Tuscany. 2. Astronomy. More fully Lunar Apennines. With the. A prominent mountain range in the northern region of the moon's near side, along the southern edge of the Mare Imbrium. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > moon > [noun] > surface of > uplands Apennine1715 lunarite1966 1715 W. Derham Astro-theol. v. ii. 117 Hevelius reckons the Lunar Taurus to reach to 170 German miles..and the Lunar Apennine above 100 German miles. 1851 J. R. Hind Solar Syst. v. 50 Eratosthenes is a very beautiful annular mountain placed at the extremity of the long range called the Apennines. 1904 Collier's 7 May 22/3 One of the great sights of the moon..is the mountainous district known as the Lunar Apennines. 2007 L.-A. McFadden et al. Encycl. Solar Syst. (ed. 2) 231 High mountains such as the Apennines (7 km high)..are uncompensated and are supported by a strong cool interior. B. adj. 1. a. Of or relating to the Apennines in Italy; originating from or found in the Apennines. Also figurative. ΚΠ 1549 W. Thomas Hist. Italie f. 137 Florence, an excellent faire citee, standeth at the foote of the Appenine hilles. 1603 T. Dekker 1603: Wonderfull Yeare sig. D4 The Appenine heigth of this immoderate ioy and securitie. 1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 361 This State, touching the Apenine mountaines on the South, and the Adriatike Sea upon the North. 1724 J. Henley in J. Henley et al. tr. Pliny the Younger Epist. & Panegyrick I. v. vi. 225 A Dining-Room, that receives a very wholesome Air from the Apennine Valleys [L. ex Appenninis vallibus]. 1780 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 70 520 One of the Apennine mountains. 1813 J. C. Eustace Tour through Italy I. vii. 144 A striking feature of Italian, and particularly of Apennine scenery. 1870 W. Robinson Wild Garden i. 15 The blue stars of the Apennine Anemone. 1917 N. Amer. Rev. Nov. 780 The hornbeam beech worn down by Apennine sheep. 1960 F. W. Boardman Tunnels v. 57 The second longest railroad tunnel in the world..bores through the heart of the Apennine Mountains. 2004 Guardian 21 Aug. i. 14/1 One of the characteristics of the Apennine (or Marsican) brown bear..is its tolerance of human beings. b. Archaeology. Designating or relating to an Italian Bronze Age culture characterized by dark burnished pottery.Artefacts of this culture are often found in mountainous regions. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > a civilization or culture > [adjective] > specific Bronze Age Aegean1890 Helladic1919 Aunjetitz1924 Lausitz1928 Apennine1932 Wessex1938 Únětice1947 Únětician1947 Eblaite1976 1932 Man 32 215/2 Prof. U. Rellini..described..an Apennine culture without terremare. 1947 Proc. Prehistoric Soc. 13 99 Apennine features, such as pointillé chevron and applied lenticular decoration. 1966 D. H. Trump Central & S. Italy v. 108 ‘Typical’ Apennine carinated bowls are so..variable that the term is almost meaningless. 2000 A. F. Harding European Societies in Bronze Age vii. 242 The pottery of the Apennine culture exhibits a range of exotic forms and ornaments. 2. Astronomy. Designating, relating to, or originating from the Lunar Apennines. ΚΠ 1671 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 6 2296 The shadow passed..through the midddle of the Eastermost of the three Lakes called Mare Adriaticum, and just touched the ridge of the Appennine Mountains. 1885 J. Nasmyth & J. Carpenter Moon (ed. 3) x. 146 Chains of mountains like many that are included in the contiguous Apennine system. 1971 Daily Tel. 19 July 7/1 Its primary object is the exploration of Hadley rille, one of the Moon's mysterious ‘ditches’ in the foothills of the Apennine range. 2003 A. Chapman in J. L. Heilbron Oxf. Compan. Hist. Mod. Sci. 545/2 In his measurement (by shadows) of the height of the lunar Apennine Mountains..Galileo demonstrated the Moon to be a world with topographical features. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.c1405
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