| 释义 |
herselfpron. Forms: (Word division in Old and Middle English examples frequently reflects editorial choices of modern editors of texts, rather than the practice of the manuscripts.) α. early Old English hiere selfre (dative), Old English hire selfre (dative), Old English hire sylfre (dative), Old English hyre silf, Old English hyre sylf, Old English–early Middle English hyre sylfre (dative), Old English–Middle English hire self, late Old English hire sylfen (weak declension, dative), late Old English hure sylfe, early Middle English hire sculuen (perhaps transmission error), early Middle English hire sellf ( Ormulum), early Middle English hire sellfenn ( Ormulum, inflected form), early Middle English hireseolf (south-west midlands), early Middle English hire-seolf (south-western), early Middle English hire seolf (south-west midlands), early Middle English hire seolfen (south-west midlands), early Middle English hire-seolue (south-western), early Middle English hire seoluen (south-west midlands), early Middle English hire solf (south-west midlands), early Middle English hire suf (south-western, transmission error), early Middle English hire sulf (south-west midlands), early Middle English hire-sulue (south-west midlands), early Middle English hire suluen (south-west midlands), early Middle English hire sylf, early Middle English hire sylfæn, early Middle English hure sulf (south-western), early Middle English hure sulue (south-western), early Middle English hyre sylfe, early Middle English hyresylfe, early Middle English hyre sylfen, early Middle English hyre sylfne (transmission error), early Middle English hyre sylfro (dative), early Middle English hyre sylua, early Middle English hyre syluan (in copy of Old English charter), early Middle English ir selue, Middle English hare-zelue (south-eastern), Middle English heore self (south-western), Middle English hereself, Middle English here-self, Middle English here self, Middle English here selfe, Middle English hereselff, Middle English here-selue, Middle English here selue, Middle English hereseluen, Middle English here seluyn, Middle English hereselve, Middle English herselff, Middle English her selff, Middle English herseluen, Middle English her seluen, Middle English herselven, Middle English hersilf, Middle English her silf, Middle English hersilfe, Middle English her siluen, Middle English hersylf, Middle English her-sylfe, Middle English hireself, Middle English hire-self, Middle English hire-selfe, Middle English hire selfe, Middle English hire selff, Middle English hire selffe, Middle English hire-selue, Middle English hire selue, Middle English hire seluen, Middle English hire-seluen, Middle English hire seluin, Middle English hire seluyn, Middle English hireselve, Middle English hireselven, Middle English hire-selwe, Middle English hire selwen, Middle English hire seolue (west midlands and south-western), Middle English hiresilf, Middle English hire silf, Middle English hire silue, Middle English hire sulue (south-western), Middle English hir-self, Middle English hir selfen, Middle English hirselff, Middle English hir-selff, Middle English hir-selu, Middle English hirselue, Middle English hir-selue, Middle English hir selue, Middle English hir-seluen (in a late copy), Middle English hir seluen, Middle English hir-seluyn (in a late copy), Middle English hir seluyn (in a late copy), Middle English hirselven, Middle English hir selven, Middle English hirsilf, Middle English hir-silf, Middle English hir silf, Middle English hir silfe, Middle English hirsilff, Middle English hir silff, Middle English huere selue (south-west midlands), Middle English hureself, Middle English hure-self (south-western), Middle English hure self (chiefly south-western), Middle English hure-selue (south-west midlands), Middle English hure selue (south-western), Middle English hurre-self (south-western), Middle English hurre-selfen (south-western), Middle English hurre-selff (south-western), Middle English hurself, Middle English hurselfe (east midlands), Middle English hur selfe (east midlands and northern), Middle English hur seluun (north-west midlands), Middle English hyreself, Middle English hyre-self, Middle English hyre self, Middle English hyre-selffe, Middle English hyre selue, Middle English hyreseluene, Middle English hyreselve, Middle English hyrself, Middle English hyr-self, Middle English hyrselfe, Middle English hyr selfe, Middle English hyrselffe, Middle English hyr seluen, Middle English hyr-sylff, Middle English hyr sylff, Middle English 1600s her-selfe, Middle English 1600s hir-selfe, Middle English 1600s hir selff, Middle English (northern) 1600s (North American) hur self, Middle English–1500s herselffe, Middle English–1500s hirselve, Middle English–1500s hyr self, Middle English–1500s hyr selffe, Middle English–1600s herselfe, Middle English–1600s hirself, Middle English–1600s hir self, Middle English–1600s hirselfe, Middle English–1600s hir selfe, Middle English–1700s her selfe, Middle English–1700s (1800s– nonstandard) her self, Middle English–1700s (2000s– nonstandard) her-self, Middle English– herself, late Middle English hur-selffe (in a late copy), 1900s– erself (regional), 1900s– 'erself (regional); English regional 1900s– hurself (Cornwall); Scottish pre-1700 her selfe, pre-1700 herselff, pre-1700 her selff, pre-1700 herselffe, pre-1700 her selffe, pre-1700 her selfin, pre-1700 herselue, pre-1700 hire-self, pre-1700 hire self, pre-1700 hirself, pre-1700 hir-self, pre-1700 hir self, pre-1700 hirselfe, pre-1700 hir selfe, pre-1700 hirselff, pre-1700 hir selff, pre-1700 hir selffe, pre-1700 hir sellff, pre-1700 hir selve, pre-1700 hir selvyn, pre-1700 hir-selwyn, pre-1700 hir selwyn, pre-1700 hyre-self, pre-1700 hyre-selfe, pre-1700 hyrself, pre-1700 hyr-self, pre-1700 hyr self, pre-1700 hyrselff, pre-1700 hyr selff, pre-1700 hyr-selwine, pre-1700 1700s her self, 1700s– herself; also Welsh English 1600s hur self, 1600s hur selfe, 1600s 1800s hurself, 1700s hur-self. β. English regional 1800s– erzell (Berkshire), 1800s– hersel, 1800s– hersell, 1800s– hursel (Yorkshire and Lancashire); Scottish pre-1700 hire sell, pre-1700 hir sell, pre-1700 1700s– hersell, 1700s–1800s her sell, 1700s– hersel, 1800s her sel, 1800s hirsel', 1800s hursel', 1800s hursel, 1800s– hersel', 1900s– ersel (north-eastern), 1900s– 'ersel, 1900s– hirsel, 1900s– hirsell, 1900s– ursel; Irish English 1900s– hersel (northern), 1900s– hersell. γ. English regional 1700s hur seln (Lancashire), 1800s hursen (Yorkshire), 1800s– herseln (Yorkshire), 1800s– hersen (north midlands and northern). Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: her pron.2, self pron. Etymology: < her pron.2 + self pron., originally the dative form corresponding to hēo self (see below).Old English hire self , etc. (see α. forms) originally represents an inflected form (dative) of hēo self ( < hoo pron. + self pron.), which survives into early Middle English in emphatic use:OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 99 Ipsa, heo sylf oþþe seo ylce.OE Laws of Æðelred II (Nero) v. xxi. §1. 242 Sitte ælc [wydewe] xii monað werleas; ceose syððan þæt heo sylf wille.c1175 ( Ælfric's Homily on Nativity of Christ (Bodl. 343) in A. O. Belfour 12th Cent. Homilies in MS Bodl. 343 (1909) 86 Heo is unseȝenlic, & heo sylf beræð all þone lichame & him liffæst.a1225 ( Rule St. Benet (Winteney) (1888) lviii. 119 Heo sylf [OE Corpus Cambr. he sylf] on þam ȝewrite roden tacn mearcie.a1300 (?c1200) Prov. Alfred (Jesus Oxf.) (1955) 119 Ofte tunge brekeþ bon, þeyh heo seolf nabbe non. As regards Old English hire self , etc., two distinct constructions may be discerned: one in which self is inflected in agreement with the dative of the personal pronoun (compare e.g. quot. OE at sense 2), and another in which self is in the nominative in agreement with the subject of the sentence, with the personal pronoun hire representing a kind of reflexive or ethical dative (compare e.g. quot. OE2 at sense 1); compare further B. Mitchell Old Eng. Syntax (1985) §§487–91 and see discussion at self pron. In Old English hēo self also had a regular accusative form hīe selfe ( < hi pron.1 + self pron.) in emphatic and reflexive use as direct object and after prepositions (compare discussion at sense 2). This occasionally survives into early Middle English. Early Middle English heo seluen (also hy syluen ) reflects either weak inflection in Old English or the analogical influence of the masculine dative form (compare forms of himself pron.). Compare:eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xi. 67 Sio Soðfæstnes ðurh hie selfe [L. per semetipsam] cwæð: Hiera sæd gefeollon on ða ðornas.OE Blickling Homilies 9 Heo hie sylfe to ðeowene genemde.OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) xxxvi. 82 Genim þysse ylcan wyrte dust oððe hy sylfe gecnucude.a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 143 Heo hadde se swiðe heo selue forsineged.a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 145 Mid swiche dede hie clensede heo seluen of ache synne. Compare also Old English hire selfre , genitive of hēo self , where the pronouns are in apposition (see B. Mitchell Old Eng. Syntax (1985) §484):OE Cynewulf Elene 222 Elene ne wolde..ðæs wilgifan word gehyrwan, hiere sylfre suna.OE Beowulf (2008) 1115 Het ða Hildeburh æt Hnæfes ade hire selfre sunu sweoloðe befæstan. It is likely that from the late Middle English period onwards herself has frequently been reanalysed as showing a possessive construction with her adj.2; compare the remodelling shown by myself pron., thyself pron., and analogous forms such as hisself pron., ourself pron., yourself pron., theirself pron., and compare also constructions with an adjective modifying self , such as her very self , her own self (compare self n. 1b and also ownself pron.). However, because of the formal identity of her pron.2 and her adj.2 such analysis has no impact on the word form. In sense 7 apparently partly after Irish ise and Scottish Gaelic ise, emphatic forms of the third person singular feminine pronoun, and partly after Irish í féin (she) herself ( < í , third person singular feminine pronoun + féin self, commonly used to emphasize a pronoun or noun: see Sinn Fein n.) and the similarly-formed Scottish Gaelic i fhèin. Specific uses of Irish í féin and Scottish Gaelic i fhèin to denote the woman of the house or the wife may be after English. The emphatic and reflexive pronoun corresponding to she, her. I. Emphatic use. OE Ælfric Homily (Vitell. C.v) in J. C. Pope (1967) I. 208 Ðeos eorðe is geworht, ac heo nis na hyre sylf lif. OE tr. (1958) xvi. 24 Hire wæs alyfed fram hire fæder þæt heo ær hyre silf [L. ipsa] gedon wolde . c1175 (Burchfield transcript) l. 8685 Ȝho wass hire sellf full wiss God widdwe. & drihhtin cweme. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 157 (MED) Heo wosch ure drihtenes fet, and heo werð hire solf waschen of hire fule sunnen. a1300 in (1900) 31 6 (MED) Tunge bregþ bon, þegh heo nabbe hire silf non. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) i. l. 2601 The qwene hirself the nyht secounde Wente in hire stede. c1450 J. Capgrave (Arun. 396) (1893) iii. l. 1441 (MED) Oure lady hir-selue on-to this blissed mayde Swiche-maner wordis..sayde. ?1529 R. Hyrde tr. J. L. Vives ii. x. sig. k.ij Let the wyfe her selfe fyrst of all, shewe example of sober fare. 1578 J. Rolland 137 Nane did that turne bot ȝour awin wife hir sell. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) v. iv. 97 And Iulia her selfe did giue it me. View more context for this quotation 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil 98 Envy her self at last..Shall give her Hands. View more context for this quotation 1762 O. Goldsmith I. 67 He..went in pursuit of Hansi herself. 1838 C. Thirlwall V. 43 Sparta herself forming the first. 1864 J. Bryce iii. 32 The Saracen wasted the Mediterranean coasts, and sacked Rome herself. 1901 G. W. James xii. 200 The weaver..who herself was weaving St. Andrew's crosses into a basket she was then making. 1945 N. Streatfeild xiv. 224 She herself was probably more than a little frightened of her own sexuality. 1996 C. Peterson 52 A diagnostician..enters it herself into the computer. 2006 5 Oct. 169/1 Irene Chigamba has been playing the instrument herself since the age of 8. OE Ælfric (Julius) (1881) I. 438 Seo ðruh wæs geworht..hire swa gemæte, swylce heo hyre sylfre swa gesceapen wære [L. ac si ei specialiter praeparatum fuisset]. c1175 ( (Bodl. 343) (1894) 30 Heo wolden hire sylf forbernen & all þæt heo ahte. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris (1873) 2nd Ser. 219 He..heuenede hire cun to more and hire suf [read sulf] to gerde and hire cunebern to blosme. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) ii. l. 1034 I charge you..That ye the same Schip vitaile..Therinne and putteth bothe tuo, Hireself forthwith hire child also. c1450 (?a1400) (Ashm.) l. 347 (MED) Þan suld he say to hire-selfe sadly þire wordis. a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Captaine iv. iv, in (1647) sig. Ii/2 Bring me to a place Where undiscern'd of her selfe I may Feede my desiring eyes. 1788 F. Burney (2014) IV. 498 She alarms me sometimes for herself,—at other times, she has a sedateness that wonders me still more. 1810 J. Porter III. iii. 68 But where was he who had delivered herself from a worse fate than death? 1894 S. Baring-Gould III. 145 You care for herself—for her doll's face and wig of yellow hair? 1934 ‘L. G. Gibbon’ ii. 144 He called ‘I suppose so,’ and stripped in like haste with herself. 1994 B. Roche Cavalcaders in (2001) 87 I saw herself and Ted goin' by there just the other day. a1300 in C. Brown (1932) 122 Mari hir-selfe al-hon, hir songe was way-le-[way]. a1400 (?a1325) (Harl.) (1875) l. 453 (MED) Oure lady wente here seluyn alone. a1500 (?c1400) (Cambr.) (1937) l. 408 There sche trauaylyd of a chylde, Hyr selfe allon, wythowtyn moo. 1549 W. Thomas f. 131 Finally she made a conspyracie against him, and gat hym into prison: reignyng afterwardes hir selfe alone. 1640 H. Mill xviii. 74 She has preferment, riding in the street Her selfe alone. 1700 11 The Royal Niobe..At this last Shaft of her dear All bereft: Her Self alone, the Weeping Marble, left. 1878 July 321/1 Annie begged her indulgent Aunt Phoebe to let her try and make a loaf of gingerbread, all herself, to take to Mary with the clothes. 4. Used instead of the subjective pronoun she (or heo). c1330 (?c1300) (Auch.) l. 1087 Hire self ȝaf him water to hond. a1400 (a1325) (Gött.) l. 10822 Of þat ellde hir self was in [Vesp. þat sco was in]. c1450 (?a1400) (Ashm.) l. 266 Sone as hire selfe it sawe. c1540 (?a1400) (2002) f. 72v Hir seluyn is wrothe And has wroght vs this wedur. 1597 W. Shakespeare i. i. 81 The iealous oreworne widdow and her selfe..Are mighty gossips. View more context for this quotation 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden i. 718 The Abbay..whereof her selfe was first Governesse. 1673 R. Allestree ii. ii. ⁋14. 70 The imperiousness of a woman do's often raise those storms, wherein her self is shipwrack'd. 1766 O. Goldsmith II. ix. 137 My wife, my daughter, and herself, were taking a walk together. 1808 T. Jefferson (1830) IV. 112 A determination..that herself and her allies will demand from Great Britain no renunciation of her maritime principles. 1814 Ld. Byron ii. xxv. 1265 Herself would..seat her down upon some linden's root. 1880 T. Hardy I. i. 3 Mrs Garland acknowledged her friendship for her neighbour, with whom Anne and herself associated. 1989 P. McCabe (1993) iii. 33 Locations where herself and the handsome crooner tripped the light fantastic. a1439 J. Lydgate (Bodl. 263) i. l. 4321 This Yrion pleynli supposyng It [sc. the cloud] was hirsilff..The cloude enbracyng. 1590 E. Spenser iii. viiii. sig. Kk2v Who so then her saw, would surely say, It was her selfe, whom it did imitate. 1613 W. Browne I. iv. 74 As if she in her kinde (vnhurting elfe) Did bid me take such lodging as her selfe. 1704 T. Baker iv. ii. 42 [She] entertains me with a Bottle of dead Mum, and the praises of her dear Spouse, a Subject as barren as herself. 1755 E. F. Haywood II. vi. 122 I should have suspected it was no other than herself. 1834 13 Dec. 187/2 If ever woman was to be trusted it was herself. 1857 Dec. 78/2 Though only four years older than herself, he was already blasé. 1964 R. Gover 35 Victim of a somewhat perverse and senseless misdemeanor perpetrated three years ago by none other than herself. 1970 I. Andreski 178 She disturbed children much in the family and it was herself who caused my brothers and sisters death. 2001 R. Hill (2002) v. 44 She suspected he was much more clued up than herself. 1559 W. Cuningham 1 Men did more earnestly..seke Vertu for hir selfe. 1636 P. Massinger iv. ii. sig. I Being her selfe then She must exceede his praise. 1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Ceyx & Alcyone in 378 The more she looks, the more her fears increase At nearer sight; and she's herself the less. 1845 27 Sept. 593/2 My wife was for weeks worse than dead, and never has been, and never will be herself again. 1908 M. Moore Let. 17 May in (1997) 48 Peggy was herself all over, self-possessed and whimsical, and clear and lazy in her speech, acting absolutely not an atom. 1932 ‘L. G. Gibbon’ iv. 208 She took pleasure in being herself, in being as before, not making a difference. 2005 E. Barr (2006) xxi. 219 Sarah wasn't herself. She was taken over by hopelessness. 1688 J. Shirley 15 Hur has almost lost hur self in these Voods and Wildernesses. 1757 ‘L. Lively’ I. 56 4 napkin, 1 for hur-self, 1 for hur wife Shushan, 2 for her coosin Shone ap Powell ap Griffith. 1814 W. Scott II. vi. 99 It was either ta muckle Sunday hersell, or ta little government Sunday. View more context for this quotation 1883 G. Thorne & F. G. Palmer i. v. 35 Hur could refresh hurself. 7. Originally and chiefly Irish English and Scottish. Sometimes with capital initial. With reference to a particular woman, esp. a head of a household or other figure of authority, whose identity is readily understood in a particular context without prior reference or explanation by the speaker. 1865 Nov. 205/1 An' how is Mick a wochal? an' how's herself, Tom? 1904 in Lady A. Gregory 7 Mrs. Fallon. Where's herself, Jack Smith? Jack Smith. She was delayed with her washing. 1915 E. T. Thurston viii. 88 The old man died when herself was a slip of a girl. 1956 B. Behan iii. i. 77 A few old fellows well jarred but half sober for fear of what herself will say when they get in the door. 1999 28 Aug. 13 As one said: ‘I'd never have got away with a trip to Dundee, but Herself didn't mind a couple of hours away in the afternoon.’ 2002 R. Tynan 74 An Irish family called the Doyles ran it. The first time I went without Mam, Mr Doyle asked, ‘And where's herself?’ 1884 II. 1238 There is no factor over the property; every tenant pays the rent to herself. 1900 J. Barlow 147 Where's it all come from at all—unless it's from herself? A grand new little hamper. 1904 J. M. Synge 231 You can tell herself he's got a clean burial by the grace of God. 1922 J. Joyce 405 Dinna forget the cowslips for hersel. 1948 D. G. Waring 189 I had my mouth open to give Herself notice the day he come. 1995 10 Jan. 26/8 I broke the news to Herself, who took it quite calmly. II. Reflexive use. Occasionally used in relation to a singular noun or pronoun of undetermined gender. Cf. she pron.1 2b.OE 5 Heo [sc. Eve] hæfde hire sylfre geworht þæt mæste wite. OE Wærferð tr. Gregory (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iv. xviii. 287 Þæt mægden..afyrde fram hire sylfre mid mycelre gestæþþignesse ealle þa leohtnesse & plegan þæs mægdenlican lifes. c1225 (?c1200) (Bodl.) (1940) 51 (MED) Ha naueð nawt free of hire seoluen. a1375 (c1350) (1867) l. 4099 My wif..striued stifli with hire-self as stepmoderes wol alle, bi what wise sche miȝt best þat bold barn spille. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) l. 19790 (MED) Bi hir self sco satt vp-right. 1490 W. Caxton in tr. sig. A.iiiv As a woman dysperate and from her selfe. 1531 W. Tyndale Prol. sig. A.vi The scripture abydeth pure in hyr self. a1586 Sir P. Sidney (1590) ii. xxi. sig. Cc6v She ranne to her sonnes dagger, and..strake her selfe a mortall wound. 1653 H. Cogan tr. Diodorus Siculus 161 The Goddesse Minerva..killed this cruell monster, and of her skinne made her selfe a stomacher. 1690 No. 2581/4 Much inclined to talk to her self. 1735 Sept. 507/2 Flora no longer need give herself pain. 1796 M. Robinson II. 79 I had rather see her dead, than making such a moppet of herself. 1813 J. Austen II. i. 4 Oh! that my dear mother had more command over herself. 1864 Ld. Tennyson Aylmer's Field in 67 Made her..Swerve from her duty to herself and us. 1934 M. Verni i. v. 28/2 If the operator has neither given nor received a mask treatment before, she should give herself one. 1990 22 Nov. 11/2 The reader..is sent back to the text to work out for herself which is right. 2001 J. Coe (2002) 53 She still took it upon herself to feel poutingly, irrationally aggrieved. a1250 (?a1200) (Titus) (1963) 107 Ure inwit. forswiðande hire seluen wið þe fur of sunne. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) iv. l. 860 Sche aboute hire whyte swere It [sc. a ceinte] dede, and hyng hirselven there. ?c1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius (Cambr. Ii.3.21) (1886) i. pr. i. 2 She constreynede and shronk hyr seluen. a1450 (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) 2646 (MED) [Clarionas] hir tyme kept That she her self not ouer-slept. 1490 (1962) xii. 43 Incontynente that she felte her self to be thus sodaynly kyst of a man straunger out of her knowlege, she [etc.]. 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil iv. Prol. 256 Syne for disdene alace! her selfin slew. 1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus i. xiv. 27 He had been taken by the enimie, if the first legion had not opposed herselfe. 1655 T. Fuller ix. 174 The Queen..acquitted Her self more then Woman in Her masculine resolutions. 1671 R. Head & F. Kirkman IV. v. 74 A young woman had..permitted her self to be married to an old man. 1750 I. xi. 140 Lady Juliet..had brought herself to..contrive the abusing the confidence, which..the generous lover..plac'd in her. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre (1799) III. 216 She supported herself..with a greatness of soul altogether incredible. 1864 Ld. Tennyson Aylmer's Field in 67 You have..Perplext her, made her half forget herself. 1948 ‘R. Crompton’ vii. 79 Belle considered herself delicate and always breakfasted in bed. 1983 80 583 The intellectual's tendency to marginalize herself. 2001 I. McEwan 329 She heaped sugar into the tea, having diagnosed herself as suffering from hypoglycaemia. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  pron.OE |
