† hieldheeldhealdn.

Forms: Old English–Middle English helde, Middle English hulde (ü), Middle English held, 1500s heild, 1800s heald.

Etymology: Old English *hięlde , hylde , hęlde , weak feminine < hięldan: see hield v. But in later use perhaps formed anew from the verb stem.

Obsolete.

a. A slope, incline, declivity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [noun]

hield943

lithOE

pendanta1387

bankc1390

slentc1400

shoring1567

rist1577

inclining1596

slope1626

side-slip1649

slant1655

sideling1802

hang1808

siding1852

counterslope1853

bajada1866

tilt1903

palaeoslope1957

943 Charter in Kemble Cod. Dipl. III. 418 Ðonne andlang ðære dic oð ðæs clifes norð hyldan.

a1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 205/36 Cliuium, i. discensum, helde, burhsteal.

a1200 Moral Ode 343 Hi muwen lihtliche gon, mid ðere nuðer hulde..in-to ane bare felde.

c1250 Hymn to God 22 in Trin. Coll. Hom. App. 258 In heldes and in hulle.

c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 3442 Þe narwe paþe bi-tven þe held.

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. viii. 22 Neepis loueth heldis.

1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid vii. Prol. 48 Montayne toppis sleikit wyth snaw our heildis.

b. on held: in a bent or stooping posture.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > [adjective] > in a stoop

on helda1500

stooped1865

stoopy1905

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xvii. 204 So I hobyll all on held That vnethes may I walk for eld.

2. figurative. Inclination; declension, decline.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [noun]

kinda1200

disposingc1380

disposition1393

aptc1400

hieldc1400

remotiona1425

inclination?a1439

incliningc1450

taste1477

intendment1509

benta1535

swing1538

approclivity1546

aptness1548

swinge1548

drift1549

set1567

addiction1570

disposedness1583

swaya1586

leaning1587

intention1594

inflection1597

inclinableness1608

appetite1626

vogue1626

tendency1628

tendence1632

aptitude1633

gravitation1644

propension1644

biasing1645

conducement1646

flexure1652

propendency1660

tend1663

vergencya1665

pend1674

to have a way of1748

polarity1767

appetency1802

drive1885

overleaning1896

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > declining or falling off

declinea1327

fadea1400

paira1400

declining1481

vading1570

fall1590

hield1599

languishment1617

decay1636

defalcation1649

decidence1655

fall-off1676

falling off1761

fallaway1879

downswing1922

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1520 As vchon hade hym in helde he haled of þe cuppe.

1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe Ep. Ded. sig. A2^v His purse is on the heild.

3. Nautical. = heel n.²

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [noun] > heeling or listing

careen1591

heel1622

heeling1625

list1633

seel1644

seeling1644

hield1867

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Heald, the heel over of a grounded ship.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

hieldheeldhealdv.

/hiːld/

Forms: Old English hieldan, hyldan, heldan, (Old English–Middle English 3rd s. hylt, helt), Middle English helde(n, Middle English healden, hælden, Middle English heyld, ( heill), Middle English held, heelde, hilde, Middle English–1500s heild, hield(e, hylde, Middle English–1600s heeld, 1800s dialect heald. See also heel v.², hell v.¹ past tense Old English hylde, Middle English heolde, hæld(e, halde, Middle English held(e, helte, hild(e, Middle English (1800s Scottish) helt; also held-, heilded(e, etc. past participle Old English hylded, Middle English helded, held, etc.

Etymology: Old English hięldan, late West Saxon hyldan, Kentish hęldan, Anglian hældan = Old Saxon -hęldian (af-hęldian to decline), Middle Dutch, Middle Low German helden, Dutch hellen to slope, overhang, Old High German hęldan ( < haldjan), Middle High German helden to incline, lean < Old Germanic type *halþjan, < *halþo-, Old High German hald, Old English heald, Old Norse hallr inclined, sloping, bent to one side.

Obsolete or dialect.

I. Intransitive uses.

a. To bend downwards or to one side; to lean, incline, slope. Obsolete or dialect. (See also heel v.² 1.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > inclination > incline or be oblique [verb (intransitive)] > lean over

hieldc888

leanOE

stoopc1000

clinea1400

incline?c1400

acclinea1425

overheldc1450

paunch1577

sway1577

pend1674

list1929

c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxiii. §4 Heo ne helt on nane healfe.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14793 Austin a cneowe heolde. adun to þere uolde.

a1300 Cursor Mundi 24407 Þan lete he dun his heued heild.

c1440 W. Hylton Scala Perfeccionis (1494) ii. xxv A cyte sette vpon an hylle heldinge to the southe.

1483 Cath. Angl. 180/2 To Helde..to bowe.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 585/1 I hylde, I leane on the one syde, as a bote or shyp or any other vessell.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 585/1 Sytte fast..for the bote begynneth to hylde.

?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) iii. l. 1366 in Shorter Poems (1967) 88 This gudly caruel..Now sank scho law, now hie tyl heuyn vpheldyt [1579 Edinb. vpheildit].

1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 351 Let it be laid in a dish hielding toward the one syde.

1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. xi. 54 We say a Ship doth heeld on Starboord or Larboord, that is, to that side shee doth leane most.

1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Heeld [so ed. 1696; ed. Kersey 1706 heel], a term in Navigation, a Ship heelds..that is, leans most to that side.

1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Heald, to incline, to bend laterally.

†b. To bow, submit. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > submission > submit [verb (intransitive)]

onboweOE

bowa1000

abeyc1300

yielda1330

loutc1330

couchc1386

to come to a person's mercy?a1400

to do (also put) oneself in (also to) a person's mercya1400

hielda1400

underlouta1400

foldc1400

to come (also to put oneself) in a person's willc1405

subjectc1475

defer1479

avale1484

to come in1485

submita1525

stoop1530

subscribe1556

compromit1590

warpa1592

to yield (also bow oneself) to (also upon) mercy1595

to come in will to a person1596

lead1607

knuckle1735

snool1786

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22235 All folk to rome suld heild, And truage als til hefd yeild.

a1400 Coer de L. 791 If ever I stope or held, I hope never to be scheld!

a1400–50 Alexander 1622 Nouthire haylsid I him ne hildid him nouthire.

†2. To sink, droop, decline, fall; to come or go down (literal and figurative). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)]

styc825

astyc975

alightOE

to fall adownOE

hieldc1275

downcomea1300

sink?a1300

avalec1374

to go downa1375

to come downc1380

dipc1390

descenda1393

clinea1400

declinea1400

downc1400

inclinec1400

vailc1400

fallc1440

devall1477

condescendc1485

to get down1567

lower1575

dismount1579

to fall down1632

down?1701

demount1837

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8223 Heo smiten a þan hæðene þat heo adun helden.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1953 Suððen he adun halde.

a1300 E.E. Psalter ci. 12 [cii. 11] Mine daies als schadwe helded þai.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 6431 Be þe sunne be-gan to helde wiþ israel was left þe felde.

a1400–50 Alexander 3201 Doun he hildis all to-hewyn þaire handis be-twene.

c1430 Syr Gener. 4444 Ismael so Generides smet..That Generides began to helde; Welnigh he had goon to ground.

†3. To bend one's course, turn in a particular direction; to take one's way; to go or come. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct one's course [verb (intransitive)]

thinkeOE

bowa1000

seta1000

scritheOE

minlOE

turnc1175

to wend one's wayc1225

ettlec1275

hieldc1275

standc1300

to take (the) gatec1330

bear?c1335

applyc1384

aim?a1400

bend1399

hita1400

straighta1400

bounc1400

intendc1425

purposec1425

appliquec1440

stevenc1440

shape1480

make1488

steera1500

course1555

to make out1558

to make in1575

to make for ——a1593

to make forth1594

plyc1595

trend1618

tour1768

to lie up1779

head1817

loop1898

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10073 Arður halde [c1300 Otho heol; read heolde] after mid þritti þusend cnihten.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3048 He to scipe wende & fram þan londe hælde [c1300 Otho heolde].

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1922 Þenne þay helden to home.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 39 Þen þe harlot with haste helded to þe table.

†4. To turn away or aside (literal and figurative). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > direction > point or lie in a direction [verb (intransitive)] > turn round or to face a direction > turn away

abowOE

hieldc1275

to turn awayc1300

to hide one's facea1382

wrenka1400

awherfc1400

avert1483

to turn the backc1540

twine1600

averse1652

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4428 A-weiward he halde & nolde hit iheren.

a1300 E.E. Psalter xiii[i]. 3 Alle helded þai samen ai.

c1325 Metr. Hom. 83 Scho heldid sone to synfull layke.

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xiii. 4 All thai heldid, to gidere thai ere made vnprofitabile.

5. To incline to; to be of the party of, take up with, favour. Obsolete or dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > support or encourage [verb (intransitive)]

hieldc1325

inclinea1393

favour1393

to cry aim1567

shout1875

root1889

pull1890

c1325 Metr. Hom. 80 If thou will to my langynge helde.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19805 Þar was a man heldand to right, Cornelius to nam he hight.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17462 All þat wit him heilded or held.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) vi. 353 I wald till hardyment heyld [1487 St. John's Cambr. heill; 1616 Hart hald] haly, With-yi away war foly.

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Heald, to be favourable to, ‘he healds au to yan side’.

II. Transitive uses.

†6. To cause to take a downward or sloping position; to incline, bow, bend down. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > inclination > incline [verb (transitive)] > cause to lean over

hieldOE

lean1423

overbenda1617

topple1648

OE Beowulf 688 Hylde hine þa heaþodeor.

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xxiv. 5 Þa hig adredon, and hyra andwlitan on eorþan hyldun.

a1300 E.E. Psalter xvi[i]. 6 Helde þine ere to me.

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xvii. 11 He heldid heuens and he lightid down.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 234/2 Heldyn, or bowyn, inclino, flecto, deflecto.

7. To pour out (liquor) by sloping or tilting the vessel that contains it; hence gen. to pour, shed (literal and figurative). Obsolete or dialect. See also hell v.¹

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or fact of pouring or being poured > pour [verb (transitive)]

ayetOE

yetOE

hieldc1200

shed?c1225

pourc1330

peera1522

brew1581

swill1605

sile1787

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or fact of pouring or being poured > pour [verb (transitive)] > out > specifically by tilting a vessel

hieldc1200

tilt1614

the world > space > relative position > inclination > incline [verb (transitive)] > place in a sloping position > tilt > a vessel

hieldc1200

stoopa1670

steep1837

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit > copiously > in or as in a stream

runeOE

ayetOE

yetOE

hieldc1200

pourc1330

bleed1377

spouta1398

wella1398

outyeta1400

wellc1400

effundc1420

streama1425

shed1430

diffude?a1475

skail1513

peera1522

effuse1526

diffuse1541

flow1550

gusha1555

outpoura1560

brew1581

outwell1590

spend1602

spin1610

exfuse1612

guttera1618

effude1634

disembogue1641

profund1657

efflux1669

decant1742

profuse1771

sluice1859

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 213 To drinken..þat he sholde spelien wrecche men, oðer raðer helden hit ut þene men þermide fordrenchen.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 315 Me schal helden eoli & win ba. inwunden.

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxi. 13 As watere i am helt.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Lament. ii. 4 [He] heeldide [a1425 L.V. schedde] out as fyr his indignacioun.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 323 In this dai venom is hildid into the chirche of God [L. Hodie venenum ecclesiis Dei infusum est].

1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 24 To Heald, as when you pour out of a Pot.

1807 J. Stagg Misc. Poems (new ed.) 11 Some they helt it [drink] down sea fast, They suin cud hardly stan.

Derivatives

ˈhielded adj. inclined, tilted.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > inclination > [adjective] > inclined from level or sloping > tilted or tilting

hielded?1623

canted1649

tilting1807

canting1877

tilted1892

tipped1907

a1300 E.E. Psalter lxi. 4 [lxii. 3] Als a heldeand wagh mai be, And a stane wall doune-put.

c1430 Hymns Virg. 23 Þat y be no þing hildande To loue uerrili þe worldis wele.

?1623 O. Felltham Resolues xxxvi. 115 Pleasure, 'tis at best but a hilded vessel.

ˈhielding n. sloping, declension, pouring out.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > inclination > [noun]

hieldinga1340

angling1570

inclination1590

skewing1611

clinamen1704

inclension1751

slant1817

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or fact of pouring or being poured > [noun] > out

hieldinga1340

superfusion1657

superaffusion1658

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xiii. 4 With that heldynge thai ere made vnprofitabile.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 234/2 Heldynge, or bowynge..inclinacio.

ˈhielding adj. leaning, inclining (literal and figurative).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > inclination > [adjective]

embelifc1400

inclining?c1400

oblique?a1425

inclinate?1440

hieldingc1480

inclined?a1500

bias1551

overthwart1594

sidelong1598

squinty1598

skew1609

traverse1609

skewed1611

obliquous1614

squint1703

inclinated1751

slanting1768

slanted1770

slant1776

aslant1791

diagonal1796

rakish1830

slantindicular1832

slantwise1856

slaunchways1913

slanty1928

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [adjective] > inclined

set13..

tendenta1340

disposedc1380

enclinant1400

inclining?c1400

inclinedc1405

prone1408

hieldingc1480

talenteda1500

inclinablea1513

prone1528

propense1528

minded1529

propensed1530

ready1533

proclivec1540

fit1574

tending to1578

forward1581

minded1588

propensive1599

intense1620

propendenta1646

propended1693

calculated1723

oriented1925

prone1926

turned1931

orientated1964

c1480 (a1400) St. Clement 397 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 384 Þe mone..In heldyne was of martis house.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	hield
释义	† hieldheeldhealdn. Forms: Old English–Middle English helde, Middle English hulde (ü), Middle English held, 1500s heild, 1800s heald. Etymology: Old English hięlde , hylde* , hęlde , weak feminine < hięldan: see hield v. But in later use perhaps formed anew from the verb stem. Obsolete. 1. a. A slope, incline, declivity. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [noun] hield943 lithOE pendanta1387 bankc1390 slentc1400 shoring1567 rist1577 inclining1596 slope1626 side-slip1649 slant1655 sideling1802 hang1808 siding1852 counterslope1853 bajada1866 tilt1903 palaeoslope1957 943 Charter in Kemble Cod. Dipl. III. 418 Ðonne andlang ðære dic oð ðæs clifes norð hyldan. a1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 205/36 Cliuium, i. discensum, helde, burhsteal. a1200 Moral Ode 343 Hi muwen lihtliche gon, mid ðere nuðer hulde..in-to ane bare felde. c1250 Hymn to God 22 in Trin. Coll. Hom. App. 258 In heldes and in hulle. c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 3442 Þe narwe paþe bi-tven þe held. c1420 Pallad. on Husb. viii. 22 Neepis loueth heldis. 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid vii. Prol. 48 Montayne toppis sleikit wyth snaw our heildis. b. on held: in a bent or stooping posture. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > [adjective] > in a stoop on helda1500 stooped1865 stoopy1905 a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xvii. 204 So I hobyll all on held That vnethes may I walk for eld. 2. figurative. Inclination; declension, decline. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [noun] kinda1200 disposingc1380 disposition1393 aptc1400 hieldc1400 remotiona1425 inclination?a1439 incliningc1450 taste1477 intendment1509 benta1535 swing1538 approclivity1546 aptness1548 swinge1548 drift1549 set1567 addiction1570 disposedness1583 swaya1586 leaning1587 intention1594 inflection1597 inclinableness1608 appetite1626 vogue1626 tendency1628 tendence1632 aptitude1633 gravitation1644 propension1644 biasing1645 conducement1646 flexure1652 propendency1660 tend1663 vergencya1665 pend1674 to have a way of1748 polarity1767 appetency1802 drive1885 overleaning1896 the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > declining or falling off declinea1327 fadea1400 paira1400 declining1481 vading1570 fall1590 hield1599 languishment1617 decay1636 defalcation1649 decidence1655 fall-off1676 falling off1761 fallaway1879 downswing1922 c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1520 As vchon hade hym in helde he haled of þe cuppe. 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe Ep. Ded. sig. A2^v His purse is on the heild. 3. Nautical. = heel n.² ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [noun] > heeling or listing careen1591 heel1622 heeling1625 list1633 seel1644 seeling1644 hield1867 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Heald, the heel over of a grounded ship. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2020). hieldheeldhealdv. /hiːld/ Forms: Old English hieldan, hyldan, heldan, (Old English–Middle English 3rd s. hylt, helt), Middle English helde(n, Middle English healden, hælden, Middle English heyld, ( heill), Middle English held, heelde, hilde, Middle English–1500s heild, hield(e, hylde, Middle English–1600s heeld, 1800s dialect heald. See also heel v.², hell v.¹ past tense Old English hylde, Middle English heolde, hæld(e, halde, Middle English held(e, helte, hild(e, Middle English (1800s Scottish) helt; also held-, heilded(e, etc. past participle Old English hylded, Middle English helded, held, etc. Etymology: Old English hięldan, late West Saxon hyldan, Kentish hęldan, Anglian hældan = Old Saxon -hęldian (af-hęldian to decline), Middle Dutch, Middle Low German helden, Dutch hellen to slope, overhang, Old High German hęldan ( < haldjan), Middle High German helden to incline, lean < Old Germanic type halþjan, < halþo-, Old High German hald, Old English heald, Old Norse hallr inclined, sloping, bent to one side. Obsolete or dialect. I. Intransitive uses. 1. a. To bend downwards or to one side; to lean, incline, slope. Obsolete or dialect. (See also heel v.² 1.) ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > inclination > incline or be oblique [verb (intransitive)] > lean over hieldc888 leanOE stoopc1000 clinea1400 incline?c1400 acclinea1425 overheldc1450 paunch1577 sway1577 pend1674 list1929 c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxiii. §4 Heo ne helt on nane healfe. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14793 Austin a cneowe heolde. adun to þere uolde. a1300 Cursor Mundi 24407 Þan lete he dun his heued heild. c1440 W. Hylton Scala Perfeccionis (1494) ii. xxv A cyte sette vpon an hylle heldinge to the southe. 1483 Cath. Angl. 180/2 To Helde..to bowe. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 585/1 I hylde, I leane on the one syde, as a bote or shyp or any other vessell. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 585/1 Sytte fast..for the bote begynneth to hylde. ?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) iii. l. 1366 in Shorter Poems (1967) 88 This gudly caruel..Now sank scho law, now hie tyl heuyn vpheldyt [1579 Edinb. vpheildit]. 1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 351 Let it be laid in a dish hielding toward the one syde. 1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. xi. 54 We say a Ship doth heeld on Starboord or Larboord, that is, to that side shee doth leane most. 1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Heeld [so ed. 1696; ed. Kersey 1706 heel], a term in Navigation, a Ship heelds..that is, leans most to that side. 1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Heald, to incline, to bend laterally. †b. To bow, submit. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > submission > submit [verb (intransitive)] onboweOE bowa1000 abeyc1300 yielda1330 loutc1330 couchc1386 to come to a person's mercy?a1400 to do (also put) oneself in (also to) a person's mercya1400 hielda1400 underlouta1400 foldc1400 to come (also to put oneself) in a person's willc1405 subjectc1475 defer1479 avale1484 to come in1485 submita1525 submita1525 stoop1530 subscribe1556 compromit1590 warpa1592 to yield (also bow oneself) to (also upon) mercy1595 to come in will to a person1596 lead1607 knuckle1735 snool1786 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22235 All folk to rome suld heild, And truage als til hefd yeild. a1400 Coer de L. 791 If ever I stope or held, I hope never to be scheld! a1400–50 Alexander 1622 Nouthire haylsid I him ne hildid him nouthire. †2. To sink, droop, decline, fall; to come or go down (literal and figurative). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] styc825 astyc975 alightOE to fall adownOE hieldc1275 downcomea1300 sink?a1300 avalec1374 to go downa1375 to come downc1380 dipc1390 descenda1393 clinea1400 declinea1400 downc1400 inclinec1400 vailc1400 fallc1440 devall1477 condescendc1485 to get down1567 lower1575 dismount1579 to fall down1632 down?1701 demount1837 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8223 Heo smiten a þan hæðene þat heo adun helden. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1953 Suððen he adun halde. a1300 E.E. Psalter ci. 12 [cii. 11] Mine daies als schadwe helded þai. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 6431 Be þe sunne be-gan to helde wiþ israel was left þe felde. a1400–50 Alexander 3201 Doun he hildis all to-hewyn þaire handis be-twene. c1430 Syr Gener. 4444 Ismael so Generides smet..That Generides began to helde; Welnigh he had goon to ground. †3. To bend one's course, turn in a particular direction; to take one's way; to go or come. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct one's course [verb (intransitive)] thinkeOE bowa1000 seta1000 scritheOE minlOE turnc1175 to wend one's wayc1225 ettlec1275 hieldc1275 standc1300 to take (the) gatec1330 bear?c1335 applyc1384 aim?a1400 bend1399 hita1400 straighta1400 bounc1400 intendc1425 purposec1425 appliquec1440 stevenc1440 shape1480 make1488 steera1500 course1555 to make out1558 to make in1575 to make for ——a1593 to make forth1594 plyc1595 trend1618 tour1768 to lie up1779 head1817 loop1898 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10073 Arður halde [c1300 Otho heol; read heolde] after mid þritti þusend cnihten. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3048 He to scipe wende & fram þan londe hælde [c1300 Otho heolde]. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1922 Þenne þay helden to home. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 39 Þen þe harlot with haste helded to þe table. †4. To turn away or aside (literal and figurative). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > direction > point or lie in a direction [verb (intransitive)] > turn round or to face a direction > turn away abowOE hieldc1275 to turn awayc1300 to hide one's facea1382 wrenka1400 awherfc1400 avert1483 to turn the backc1540 twine1600 averse1652 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4428 A-weiward he halde & nolde hit iheren. a1300 E.E. Psalter xiii[i]. 3 Alle helded þai samen ai. c1325 Metr. Hom. 83 Scho heldid sone to synfull layke. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xiii. 4 All thai heldid, to gidere thai ere made vnprofitabile. 5. To incline to; to be of the party of, take up with, favour. Obsolete or dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > support or encourage [verb (intransitive)] hieldc1325 inclinea1393 favour1393 to cry aim1567 shout1875 root1889 pull1890 c1325 Metr. Hom. 80 If thou will to my langynge helde. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19805 Þar was a man heldand to right, Cornelius to nam he hight. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17462 All þat wit him heilded or held. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) vi. 353 I wald till hardyment heyld [1487 St. John's Cambr. heill; 1616 Hart hald] haly, With-yi away war foly. 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Heald, to be favourable to, ‘he healds au to yan side’. II. Transitive uses. †6. To cause to take a downward or sloping position; to incline, bow, bend down. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > inclination > incline [verb (transitive)] > cause to lean over hieldOE lean1423 overbenda1617 topple1648 OE Beowulf 688 Hylde hine þa heaþodeor. c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xxiv. 5 Þa hig adredon, and hyra andwlitan on eorþan hyldun. a1300 E.E. Psalter xvi[i]. 6 Helde þine ere to me. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xvii. 11 He heldid heuens and he lightid down. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 234/2 Heldyn, or bowyn, inclino, flecto, deflecto. 7. To pour out (liquor) by sloping or tilting the vessel that contains it; hence gen. to pour, shed (literal and figurative). Obsolete or dialect. See also hell v.¹ ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or fact of pouring or being poured > pour [verb (transitive)] ayetOE yetOE hieldc1200 shed?c1225 pourc1330 peera1522 brew1581 swill1605 sile1787 the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or fact of pouring or being poured > pour [verb (transitive)] > out > specifically by tilting a vessel hieldc1200 tilt1614 the world > space > relative position > inclination > incline [verb (transitive)] > place in a sloping position > tilt > a vessel hieldc1200 stoopa1670 steep1837 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit > copiously > in or as in a stream runeOE ayetOE yetOE hieldc1200 pourc1330 bleed1377 spouta1398 wella1398 outyeta1400 wellc1400 effundc1420 streama1425 shed1430 diffude?a1475 skail1513 peera1522 effuse1526 diffuse1541 flow1550 gusha1555 outpoura1560 brew1581 outwell1590 spend1602 spin1610 exfuse1612 guttera1618 effude1634 disembogue1641 profund1657 efflux1669 decant1742 profuse1771 sluice1859 c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 213 To drinken..þat he sholde spelien wrecche men, oðer raðer helden hit ut þene men þermide fordrenchen. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 315 Me schal helden eoli & win ba. inwunden. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxi. 13 As watere i am helt. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Lament. ii. 4 [He] heeldide [a1425 L.V. schedde] out as fyr his indignacioun. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 323 In this dai venom is hildid into the chirche of God [L. Hodie venenum ecclesiis Dei infusum est]. 1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 24 To Heald, as when you pour out of a Pot. 1807 J. Stagg Misc. Poems (new ed.) 11 Some they helt it [drink] down sea fast, They suin cud hardly stan. Derivatives ˈhielded adj. inclined, tilted. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > inclination > [adjective] > inclined from level or sloping > tilted or tilting hielded?1623 canted1649 tilting1807 canting1877 tilted1892 tipped1907 a1300 E.E. Psalter lxi. 4 [lxii. 3] Als a heldeand wagh mai be, And a stane wall doune-put. c1430 Hymns Virg. 23 Þat y be no þing hildande To loue uerrili þe worldis wele. ?1623 O. Felltham Resolues xxxvi. 115 Pleasure, 'tis at best but a hilded vessel. ˈhielding n. sloping, declension, pouring out. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > inclination > [noun] hieldinga1340 angling1570 inclination1590 skewing1611 clinamen1704 inclension1751 slant1817 the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or fact of pouring or being poured > [noun] > out hieldinga1340 superfusion1657 superaffusion1658 a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xiii. 4 With that heldynge thai ere made vnprofitabile. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 234/2 Heldynge, or bowynge..inclinacio. ˈhielding adj. leaning, inclining (literal and figurative). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > inclination > [adjective] embelifc1400 inclining?c1400 oblique?a1425 inclinate?1440 hieldingc1480 inclined?a1500 bias1551 overthwart1594 sidelong1598 squinty1598 skew1609 traverse1609 skewed1611 obliquous1614 squint1703 inclinated1751 slanting1768 slanted1770 slant1776 aslant1791 diagonal1796 rakish1830 slantindicular1832 slantwise1856 slaunchways1913 slanty1928 the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [adjective] > inclined set13.. tendenta1340 disposedc1380 enclinant1400 inclining?c1400 inclinedc1405 prone1408 hieldingc1480 talenteda1500 inclinablea1513 prone1528 propense1528 minded1529 propensed1530 ready1533 proclivec1540 fit1574 tending to1578 forward1581 minded1588 propensive1599 intense1620 propendenta1646 propended1693 calculated1723 oriented1925 prone1926 turned1931 orientated1964 c1480 (a1400) St. Clement 397 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 384 Þe mone..In heldyne was of martis house. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.943v.c888
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