housewifen.

Brit.

/ˈhaʊswʌɪf/, U.S.

/ˈhaʊsˌwaɪf/ (in sense 4)Brit.

/ˈhʌzɪf/, U.S.

/ˈhəzəf/

Inflections: Plural housewives.

Forms:

α. Middle English hoswif, Middle English hoswyf, Middle English hoswyffe, Middle English houswijf, Middle English houswyff, Middle English houswyue, Middle English howswyf, Middle English huswijf, Middle English huswijues (plural), Middle English huswives (plural), Middle English huswyff, Middle English huswyffe, Middle English hwswife, Middle English 1600s huswiffe, Middle English–1500s houswif, Middle English–1500s houswyf, Middle English–1500s houswyfe, Middle English–1500s huswyf, Middle English–1500s huswyfe, Middle English–1600s huswif, Middle English–1700s houswife, Middle English– huswife (now regional), 1500s hoswyfe, 1500s howswyff, 1500s huswief, 1500s huswyef, 1500s–1600s huswiues (plural); also Scottish pre-1700 houswyfe, pre-1700 howswyff.

β. Middle English hosewif, Middle English hosewijf, Middle English hosewyf, Middle English hosewyfe, Middle English hosewyues (plural), Middle English housewyues (plural), Middle English howsewyf, Middle English husewif, Middle English husewijf, Middle English husewyfe, Middle English–1500s housewif, Middle English–1500s housewyf, 1500s housewyfe, 1500s– housewife, 1600s howsewiues (plural).

γ. (Chiefly in sense 4) 1700s husef (Irish English), 1700s hussive, 1700s– hussif, 1800s hussives (plural), 1800s hussyfe (Scottish); English regional 1700s 1900s– husif, 1800s huzziff, 1800s– huzzaf, 1800s– huzzif.

See also hussy n.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: house n.¹, wife n.

Etymology: < house n.¹ + wife n. Compare (now archaic) Dutch huiswijf (1588 in Kiliaan as huyswijf ), German Hausweib (late 17th cent. in sense ‘female domestic servant’, 18th cent. in sense 1); the normal translation equivalents are Dutch huisvrouw and German Hausfrau respectively (see hausfrau n.). Compare post-classical Latin huswiva, husewiva (frequently from 1183 in British sources; < English). In the Scandinavian languages other formations are found, e.g. Old Icelandic húskona, húsfreyja, húsfrú.The α. forms show the expected type (compare husband n.). In this type, shortening of the originally long vowel of the first syllable before two consonants would be the regular outcome (compare husband n.). The β. forms (with medial -e- ) probably show spellings intended to reflect the voiced quality of the preceding consonant, rather than showing a connective vowel. Pronunciations with a short vowel in the first syllable and in many cases also with loss of w (compare the place names Chiswick , Warwick , Ipswich , Greenwich , etc.) remained common in educated use in the 18th cent.; pronouncing dictionaries from the second half of the 18th cent. generally give /ˈhʌzwɪf/ (so e.g. Sheridan, Jones, Walker). For respellings reflecting pronunciations of this type see γ. forms. Pronunciations of this type remain usual in sense 4. In another, probably originally regional, phonological development the final fricative was also lost, giving hussy n. The pronunciation /ˈhaʊswʌɪf/ probably largely represents a later reanalysis (see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §§19, 265), perhaps due to the frequent pejorative use of the short-vowel pronunciation in sense 2 (with which compare hussy n.), which may have led to a need to distinguish the more frequent use in sense 1 in pronunciation. This diphthongal pronunciation became more common in sense 1 in the 19th cent. (it is either the preferred or the sole pronunciation in this sense in most late 19th-cent. pronouncing dictionaries), and is entirely predominant from the early 20th cent. onwards. While N.E.D. (1899) records the pronunciations (hɒ·zwif) /ˈhʌzwɪf/ and (hɒ·zif) /ˈhʌzɪf/ as frequent in sense 1 (and also records for the plural (hɒ·z(w)ivz) /ˈhʌzwɪvz/, /ˈhʌzɪvz/); D. Jones Eng. Pronouncing Dict. records /ˈhʌzɪf/ as ‘rare’ in this sense in 1917, and for the last time (as ‘old-fashioned’) in 1947; Webster (1934, 1961) gives it as still occasionally used in sense 1. The semantic motivation of sense 3 is unclear; perhaps compare e.g. maid n.¹ 8, maiden n. 5. Earlier currency (in sense 1) is implied by post-classical Latin huswiva , husewiva (see above), and apparently also by the surname Richard Husewif (1192; compare Rose Husewif (1279), Richard Huswyf (1302), Johannes Hosewyfe (1327), etc.). It is noteworthy that several early bearers of the surname are men; the explanation for this is unclear. Transference of an originally female occupational name to men is not unknown (compare e.g. brewster n.¹, webster n.¹), and there is some evidence that in Middle English the word housewife in the general sense ‘housekeeper’ could be applied to both men and women; compare the following example with specific reference to the housekeeper of a poorhouse:1416 in G. Hadley New & Compl. Hist. Kingston-upon-Hull (1788) 746 Yay yat salle be husewyfe, man or woman, tyking as yair course comes about to make mete, fyre, and fettys watyr.

1. A (typically married) woman whose main occupation is managing the general running of a household, such as caring for her family, performing domestic tasks, etc.; the wife of a householder, the female head of a family. With modifying word, as good, etc.: a woman who manages her household skilfully and economically. Also figurative.In form huswife archaic and historical in later use.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant by type of accommodation > [noun] > inhabitant of house > mistress of household

housewifec1225

dam1297

damec1330

banatee1825

society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > manager or administrator > of a household > woman

housewifec1225

housekeepera1616

hausfrau1798

homebuilder1855

homemaker1861

home keeper1875

society > authority > rule or government > rule or government of family or tribe > head of family, tribe, or clan > [noun] > head of household > woman

ladyeOE

house lady?c1225

housewifec1225

goodwifec1275

mistressa1375

hussy1530

madam1647

goodya1680

housemistress1689

the Mrs1821

housemother1822

miesiesa1931

c1225 (?c1200) Sawles Warde (Bodl.) (1938) 4 (MED) Inwið beoð his hinen in se moni mislich þonc to cwemen wel þe husewif aȝein godes wille.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 303 Ha nis nan husewif ach is anchurcheancre.

a1325 Gloss. W. de Bibbesworth (Cambr.) (1929) 409 La mesuere [glossed] housewif.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Tim. v. 14 I wole ȝongere for to be weddid..for to be hosewyues.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14088 (MED) Martha was huswijf o þat hus.

1465 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 306 By youre faynt houswyff at thys tyme.

a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. xiiii. sig. H.v^v I bring home a Gose..not out of y^e poulters shoppe..but out of the houswifes house at the first hand.

1570 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandry (new ed.) f. 26 Take huswife from husbande & what is he than?

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. ii. 30 Let vs sit and mocke the good houswife Fortune from her wheele.

1640 R. Brome Sparagus Garden iii. vi, in Wks. (1873) III. 166 We would be Much better huswifes.

1683 T. Tryon Way to Health 81 Milk likewise altered and Manufactur'd (if I may call it so) by the good House-Wives Art and Industry, yields many other sorts of good Food.

1717 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) v, in Wks. 159 Who would not scorn what huswife's cares produce.

1780 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal iii. iii. 36 Here's to the flaunting, extravagant quean, And then to the housewife that's thrifty.

1814 F. Burney Wanderer I. i. viii. 163 Mrs Maple herself had remarked, that this was the first singer and player she had ever known, who had not been spoilt by those idle habits for a good huswife.

1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond III. ix. 209 Both ladies were perfect housewives,..keeping a notable superintendence over the kitchen.

1875 J. G. Saxe Leisure-day Rhymes 141 A fairy of the friendly sort..Know how to wash and sweep a room..In garden work are skilful too, And apt in all that huswives do.

1905 E. Tuite Dishes for All Seasons 6 It makes beef go further; by its aid the thrifty housewife can work up cold sundries into delicious nourishing dishes.

1930 ‘E. Queen’ French Powder Myst. xv. 113 That must be your good hussif, Hortense Underhill, and the maid.

1946 G. M. Trevelyan Eng. Social Hist. (ed. 3) xii. 389 When the home was a workshop for cotton..the huswife who was in fact a manufacturer could only give odds and ends of her time to cooking and household duties.

1958 Observer 2 Mar. 10/3 Spin-driers liberate housewives from the effort of wringing and pegging out clothes.

2006 P. Williams Rise & Fall Yummy Mummy xxiv. 175 I am no domestic goddess..but I am at home, at the family's service, awkwardly forced into the role of housewife.

†2. derogatory. A frivolous, impertinent, or disreputable woman or girl; a hussy. See hussy n. 3. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > [noun] > sexual indulgence > unchaste behaviour of woman > unchaste or loose woman

queanOE

whorec1175

malkinc1275

wenchelc1300

ribalda1350

strumpeta1350

wench1362

filtha1375

parnelc1390

sinner14..

callet1415

slut?c1425

tickle-tailc1430

harlot?a1475

mignote1489

kittock?a1500

mulea1513

trulla1516

trully?1515

danta1529

miswoman1528

stewed whore1532

Tib1533

unchaghe1534

flag1535

Katy1535

jillet1541

yaud1545

housewife1546

trinkletc1550

whippet1550

Canace1551

filthy1553

Jezebel1558

kittyc1560

loonc1560

laced mutton1563

nymph1563

limmer1566

tomboy1566

Marian1567

mort1567

cockatrice1568

franion1571

blowze1573

rannell1573

rig1575

Kita1577

poplet1577

light-skirts1578

pucelle1578

harlotry1584

light o' lovea1586

driggle-draggle1588

wagtail1592

tub-tail1595

flirt-gill1597

minx1598

hilding1599

short-heels1599

bona-roba1600

flirt1600

Hiren1600

light-heels1602

roba1602

baggage1603

cousin1604

fricatrice1607

rumbelow1611

amorosa1615

jaya1616

open-taila1618

succubus1622

snaphancea1625

flap1631

buttered bun1638

puffkin1639

vizard1652

fallen woman1659

tomrigg1662

cunt1663

quaedama1670

jilt1672

crack1677

grass-girl1691

sporting girl1694

sportswoman1705

mobbed hood1707

brim1736

trollop1742

trub1746

demi-rep1749

gillyflower1757

lady of easy virtue1766

mot1773

chicken1782

gammerstang1788

buer1807

scarlet woman1816

blowen1819

fie-fie1820

shickster?1834

streel1842

charver1846

trolly1854

bad girl1855

amateur1862

anonyma1862

demi-virgin1864

pickup1871

chippy1885

wish-wife1886

tart1887

tartleta1890

flossy1893

fly girl1893

demi-mondaine1894

floozy1899

slattern1899

scrub1900

demi-vierge1908

cake1909

coozie1912

muff1914

tarty1918

yes-girl1920

radge1923

bike1945

puta1948

messer1951

cooze1955

jamette1965

skeezer1986

slutbag1987

chickenhead1988

ho1988

1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. x. sig. Ciii^v Ye huswife, what wind blowth ye hyther thus right?

1599 Master Broughtons Lett. Answered vii. 21 Sampsons heyfer was his wife, a skittish huswife.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ii. 53 Some gigling Huswives, (Light Leaves will be wagg'd with Little Wind) causelesly fell a flouting at them.

1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 163 Afterwards he married a light Huswife.

1705 J. Vanbrugh Confederacy v. ii. 70 Impudent houswife!

1739 H. Baker & J. Miller tr. Molière Mock-doctor ii. ii, in Molière Wks. IV. 187 S'bobs, hold your Tongue, you are an impartinont Huswife.

1899 T. Hardy Wessex Poems 177 ‘What a slovenly hussif!’ it will be said, When they all go up my stair!

†3. A kind of marine fish (not identified). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > unspecified types > [noun]

whalec950

tumbrelc1300

sprout1340

squame1393

codmop1466

whitefish1482

lineshark?a1500

salen1508

glaucus1509

bretcock1522

warcodling1525

razor1530

bassinatc1540

goldeney1542

smy1552

maiden1555

grail1587

whiting1587

needle1589

pintle-fish1591

goldfish1598

puffin fish1598

quap1598

stork1600

black-tail1601

ellops1601

fork-fish1601

sea-grape1601

sea-lizard1601

sea-raven1601

barne1602

plosher1602

whale-mouse1607

bowman1610

catfish1620

hog1620

kettle-fish1630

sharpa1636

carda1641

housewifea1641

roucotea1641

ox-fisha1642

sea-serpent1646

croaker1651

alderling1655

butkin1655

shamefish1655

yard1655

sea-dart1664

sea-pelican1664

Negro1666

sea-parrot1666

sea-blewling1668

sea-stickling1668

skull-fish1668

whale's guide1668

sennet1671

barracuda1678

skate-bread1681

tuck-fish1681

swallowtail1683

piaba1686

pit-fish1686

sand-creeper1686

horned hog1702

soldier1704

sea-crowa1717

bran1720

grunter1726

calcops1727

bennet1731

bonefish1734

Negro fish1735

isinglass-fish1740

orb1740

gollin1747

smelt1776

night-walker1777

water monarch1785

hardhead1792

macaw-fish1792

yellowback1796

sea-raven1797

blueback1812

stumpnose1831

flat1847

butterfish1849

croppie1856

gubbahawn1857

silt1863

silt-snapper1863

mullet-head1866

sailor1883

hogback1893

skipper1898

stocker1904

a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1885) III. 319 The Dory, the huswife, the herringe, the sprat.

4. A small case or pouch for needles, thread, and other small sewing items.Often in the form of a length of soft fabric, divided into pockets, that may be rolled up when not in use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > [noun] > sewing > equipment for > box, bag, or case

work basket1579

workbox1605

housewife1735

work bag1745

working box1773

housewife-case1817

1735 Lives Most Remarkable Criminals I. 444 Upon turning the Pocket out, he found only a Thread Paper, a Housewife, and a Crown piece.

1762 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy V. xvi. 72 To bring whatever he had to say, into so small a compass, that..it might be rolled up in my mother's hussive.

1821 T. Carlyle Let. Dec. in Coll. Lett. T. & J. W. Carlyle (1970) I. 401 Here is a little Sovereign..to keep the Fiend out of your Housewife.

1851 D. Jerrold St. Giles & St. James (new ed.) xv, in Writings I. 158 He placed a little silken huswife in her trembling hand.

1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Hussif, that is house-wife; a roll of flannel with a pin-cushion attached, used for the purpose of holding pins, needles, and thread.

1917 A. G. Empey Over Top ii. 15 The pack contained my overcoat, an extra pair of socks..then your housewife, button-cleaning outfit..and fags.

1941 ‘Faugh-a-Ballagh’ 34 46/1 Once a quarter another parcel may be sent, including such articles as soap, woollies, razor blades,..hussifs,..and other domestic necessities.

2003 Piecework Nov.–Dec. 7 I am planning to make a housewife with ‘thread runners’ to store precut thread.

Compounds

C1.

a. General attributive, as housewife hand, housewife task, etc.

ΚΠ

1611 G. Chapman May-day ii. ii. 21 O this same vnhearty nicenesse of women, is good for nothing but to keepe their huswife hands still occupied in this warp of dissembling.

1737 M. Green Spleen 15 Old inspired times display, How wives could love, and yet obey. Then truth, and patience of controul, And houswife arts adorn'd the soul.

a1795 S. Bishop Poet. Wks. (1796) I. 247 Let..a thatch-clad dome Give humble Honesty an home; At whose low door, with house-wife zeal, Unconscious beauty twirls her wheel.

1857 Blackwood's Mag. Dec. 682/1 The quiet activity with which..she moved about..assisting her in her dairy-work and other housewife tasks.

1882 Victorian Rev. (Melbourne) Feb. 418 All her housewife life is spent In the tedious content That in story-books befalls Angels and good animals.

1909 Catal. Copyright Entries: Pt. 4 (Libr. of Congr. Copyright Office) 4 75/2 Happy housewife. Young lady dressed in usual housewife costume, sleeves rolled up.

1989 Daily Nation (Nairobi) 26 July 33/4 You can't combine athletics, work and housewife chores.

2002 L. Blumenfeld Revenge i. 7 They stood up and, one by one, offered me their hands—muscled housewife hands; gummy toddler fingers, [etc.].

b. Appositive, as housewife mother, housewife sister, etc.; also figurative.

ΚΠ

1762 C. Churchill Ghost iii. 57 It was the Hour, when Huswife Morn With Pearl and Linnen hangs each thorn.

a1844 J. Sterling Ess. & Tales (1848) I. 23 In May, the youths of Domremy sang and danced,..ate the cakes of their housewife mothers, [etc.].

1853 W. C. Bryant Poems (new ed.) 138 The housewife bee and humming-bird.

1964 N. Simon Barefoot in Park ii. i. 60 All I'm saying is, we don't have to come right out and introduce her as ‘my dull 50-year-old housewife mother’.

1977 R. M. Fields Northern Ireland (1980) v. 104 A group of nuns..whose intellectual vigor denoted a degree of liberation lacking in their housewife sisters.

2010 Sunday Star (Nexis) 24 Jan. 31 [She] was too ashamed to confess her sexual persuasion to her banker dad and housewife mum.

C2.

housewife-case n. (also housewife's case) now historical = sense 4.

ΘΚΠ

work basket1579

workbox1605

housewife1735

work bag1745

working box1773

housewife-case1817

1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. x. 231 A housewife-case, broidered with tarnished silver.

1859 G. A. Sala Gaslight & Daylight xviii. 204 Walking-sticks, housewife-cases, knives.

1910 E. Phillpotts Thief of Virtue viii. 66 'Tis just a little housewife's case with rows of needles and a thimble and such like.

1996 A. K. Henderson Romantic Identities (2006) v. 156 The Queen..gives her a housewife case as a token of their encounter.

housewife cloth n. now historical = housewife's cloth n.

ΚΠ

1560 in D. Yaxley Researcher's Gloss. Hist. Documents E. Anglia (2003) 106 xxij yards iij qu'ters of hoswyfe Cloth at xvjd the yard.

1571 in S. W. Beck Draper's Dict. (at cited word) iij yeardes and half of howswyff clothe iijs. vjd.

a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 111 The kindes of linnes or huswife-cloath are brought aboute of peddlers.

1789 World 13 Aug. (advt.) Some exceeding good Housewife Cloth, of a remarkably stout Fabric for working-people's use, common Shirts, &c.

1868 in T. Richmond Local Rec. Stockton & Neighbourhood 110 [She] had for several years subsisted herself and her aged parents by travelling in the adjacent country with housewife cloth for sale.

1975 Amer. Art Jrnl. 7 88/1 Holland, garlix, pillow, ticking, check and housewife cloth served for household linens.

housewife's cloth n. now historical any of various types of linen cloth, suitable for ordinary domestic use; cf. housekeeping goods n. at housekeeping n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > linen > articles made of

linenc1330

housewife's cloth1567

lockramc1300

housewife cloth1560

housewife's cloth1567

beaupers1592

household linen1642

French canvas1662

harrateen1711

glass-cloth1851

tableclothing1859

Java canvas1867

Italian1897

1465 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 310 (MED) My mastyr payd to the said John for xx elles of hoswyffes clothe.

1567 in F. G. Emmison Elizabethan Life (1980) (modernized text) V. 7 5 pair of sheets of housewife's cloth and 6 pillowberes agreeable to these sheets.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 349/1 Housewifes Cloth made of Hemp or Flax..Holland, Tiffany, Gawse.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. House-wife's Cloth, is a middle Sort of Linnen Cloth between fine and coarse, for Family Uses.

1899 C. Whibley tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars I. p. xxviii He slept always on a low bed, and wore no apparel that was not of housewife's cloth, spun at home by the women of his family.

1939 Ld. Beveridge et al. Prices & Wages in Eng. 53 Entries of housewife's cloth for the same purpose at 2s. an ell in 1628.

housewife fashion adv. [after French à la bonne femme and its shortened form bonne femme (for both, see bonne femme n.)] in the manner of a housewife or housewives.

ΚΠ

1767 B. Clermont tr. Menon Art Mod. Cookery Displayed 86 (heading) Calve's Ears House-wife Fashion. Make a Sauce with a little Jelly Broth, as much white Wine, a Bit of Butter, [etc.].

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xxii. 217 They bestirred themselves real housewife-fashion to..make us comfortable.

1916 Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric. 28 Apr. App. 26 If it could be separated, the white was drained off, housewife fashion, into one receptacle, and the yolk dropped into another.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	housewife
释义	housewifen. Brit. /ˈhaʊswʌɪf/, U.S. /ˈhaʊsˌwaɪf/ (in sense 4)Brit. /ˈhʌzɪf/, U.S. /ˈhəzəf/ Inflections: Plural housewives. Forms: α. Middle English hoswif, Middle English hoswyf, Middle English hoswyffe, Middle English houswijf, Middle English houswyff, Middle English houswyue, Middle English howswyf, Middle English huswijf, Middle English huswijues (plural), Middle English huswives (plural), Middle English huswyff, Middle English huswyffe, Middle English hwswife, Middle English 1600s huswiffe, Middle English–1500s houswif, Middle English–1500s houswyf, Middle English–1500s houswyfe, Middle English–1500s huswyf, Middle English–1500s huswyfe, Middle English–1600s huswif, Middle English–1700s houswife, Middle English– huswife (now regional), 1500s hoswyfe, 1500s howswyff, 1500s huswief, 1500s huswyef, 1500s–1600s huswiues (plural); also Scottish pre-1700 houswyfe, pre-1700 howswyff. β. Middle English hosewif, Middle English hosewijf, Middle English hosewyf, Middle English hosewyfe, Middle English hosewyues (plural), Middle English housewyues (plural), Middle English howsewyf, Middle English husewif, Middle English husewijf, Middle English husewyfe, Middle English–1500s housewif, Middle English–1500s housewyf, 1500s housewyfe, 1500s– housewife, 1600s howsewiues (plural). γ. (Chiefly in sense 4) 1700s husef (Irish English), 1700s hussive, 1700s– hussif, 1800s hussives (plural), 1800s hussyfe (Scottish); English regional 1700s 1900s– husif, 1800s huzziff, 1800s– huzzaf, 1800s– huzzif. See also hussy n. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: house n.¹, wife n. Etymology: < house n.¹ + wife n. Compare (now archaic) Dutch huiswijf (1588 in Kiliaan as huyswijf ), German Hausweib (late 17th cent. in sense ‘female domestic servant’, 18th cent. in sense 1); the normal translation equivalents are Dutch huisvrouw and German Hausfrau respectively (see hausfrau n.). Compare post-classical Latin huswiva, husewiva (frequently from 1183 in British sources; < English). In the Scandinavian languages other formations are found, e.g. Old Icelandic húskona, húsfreyja, húsfrú.The α. forms show the expected type (compare husband n.). In this type, shortening of the originally long vowel of the first syllable before two consonants would be the regular outcome (compare husband n.). The β. forms (with medial -e- ) probably show spellings intended to reflect the voiced quality of the preceding consonant, rather than showing a connective vowel. Pronunciations with a short vowel in the first syllable and in many cases also with loss of w (compare the place names Chiswick , Warwick , Ipswich , Greenwich , etc.) remained common in educated use in the 18th cent.; pronouncing dictionaries from the second half of the 18th cent. generally give /ˈhʌzwɪf/ (so e.g. Sheridan, Jones, Walker). For respellings reflecting pronunciations of this type see γ. forms. Pronunciations of this type remain usual in sense 4. In another, probably originally regional, phonological development the final fricative was also lost, giving hussy n. The pronunciation /ˈhaʊswʌɪf/ probably largely represents a later reanalysis (see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §§19, 265), perhaps due to the frequent pejorative use of the short-vowel pronunciation in sense 2 (with which compare hussy n.), which may have led to a need to distinguish the more frequent use in sense 1 in pronunciation. This diphthongal pronunciation became more common in sense 1 in the 19th cent. (it is either the preferred or the sole pronunciation in this sense in most late 19th-cent. pronouncing dictionaries), and is entirely predominant from the early 20th cent. onwards. While N.E.D. (1899) records the pronunciations (hɒ·zwif) /ˈhʌzwɪf/ and (hɒ·zif) /ˈhʌzɪf/ as frequent in sense 1 (and also records for the plural (hɒ·z(w)ivz) /ˈhʌzwɪvz/, /ˈhʌzɪvz/); D. Jones Eng. Pronouncing Dict. records /ˈhʌzɪf/ as ‘rare’ in this sense in 1917, and for the last time (as ‘old-fashioned’) in 1947; Webster (1934, 1961) gives it as still occasionally used in sense 1. The semantic motivation of sense 3 is unclear; perhaps compare e.g. maid n.¹ 8, maiden n. 5. Earlier currency (in sense 1) is implied by post-classical Latin huswiva , husewiva (see above), and apparently also by the surname Richard Husewif (1192; compare Rose Husewif (1279), Richard Huswyf (1302), Johannes Hosewyfe (1327), etc.). It is noteworthy that several early bearers of the surname are men; the explanation for this is unclear. Transference of an originally female occupational name to men is not unknown (compare e.g. brewster n.¹, webster n.¹), and there is some evidence that in Middle English the word housewife in the general sense ‘housekeeper’ could be applied to both men and women; compare the following example with specific reference to the housekeeper of a poorhouse:1416 in G. Hadley New & Compl. Hist. Kingston-upon-Hull (1788) 746 Yay yat salle be husewyfe, man or woman, tyking as yair course comes about to make mete, fyre, and fettys watyr. 1. A (typically married) woman whose main occupation is managing the general running of a household, such as caring for her family, performing domestic tasks, etc.; the wife of a householder, the female head of a family. With modifying word, as good, etc.: a woman who manages her household skilfully and economically. Also figurative.In form huswife archaic and historical in later use. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant by type of accommodation > [noun] > inhabitant of house > mistress of household housewifec1225 dam1297 damec1330 banatee1825 society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > manager or administrator > of a household > woman housewifec1225 housekeepera1616 hausfrau1798 homebuilder1855 homemaker1861 home keeper1875 society > authority > rule or government > rule or government of family or tribe > head of family, tribe, or clan > [noun] > head of household > woman ladyeOE house lady?c1225 housewifec1225 goodwifec1275 mistressa1375 hussy1530 madam1647 goodya1680 housemistress1689 the Mrs1821 housemother1822 miesiesa1931 c1225 (?c1200) Sawles Warde (Bodl.) (1938) 4 (MED) Inwið beoð his hinen in se moni mislich þonc to cwemen wel þe husewif aȝein godes wille. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 303 Ha nis nan husewif ach is anchurcheancre. a1325 Gloss. W. de Bibbesworth (Cambr.) (1929) 409 La mesuere [glossed] housewif. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Tim. v. 14 I wole ȝongere for to be weddid..for to be hosewyues. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14088 (MED) Martha was huswijf o þat hus. 1465 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 306 By youre faynt houswyff at thys tyme. a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) ii. xiiii. sig. H.v^v I bring home a Gose..not out of y^e poulters shoppe..but out of the houswifes house at the first hand. 1570 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandry (new ed.) f. 26 Take huswife from husbande & what is he than? a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. ii. 30 Let vs sit and mocke the good houswife Fortune from her wheele. View more context for this quotation 1640 R. Brome Sparagus Garden iii. vi, in Wks. (1873) III. 166 We would be Much better huswifes. 1683 T. Tryon Way to Health 81 Milk likewise altered and Manufactur'd (if I may call it so) by the good House-Wives Art and Industry, yields many other sorts of good Food. 1717 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) v, in Wks. 159 Who would not scorn what huswife's cares produce. 1780 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal iii. iii. 36 Here's to the flaunting, extravagant quean, And then to the housewife that's thrifty. 1814 F. Burney Wanderer I. i. viii. 163 Mrs Maple herself had remarked, that this was the first singer and player she had ever known, who had not been spoilt by those idle habits for a good huswife. 1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond III. ix. 209 Both ladies were perfect housewives,..keeping a notable superintendence over the kitchen. 1875 J. G. Saxe Leisure-day Rhymes 141 A fairy of the friendly sort..Know how to wash and sweep a room..In garden work are skilful too, And apt in all that huswives do. 1905 E. Tuite Dishes for All Seasons 6 It makes beef go further; by its aid the thrifty housewife can work up cold sundries into delicious nourishing dishes. 1930 ‘E. Queen’ French Powder Myst. xv. 113 That must be your good hussif, Hortense Underhill, and the maid. 1946 G. M. Trevelyan Eng. Social Hist. (ed. 3) xii. 389 When the home was a workshop for cotton..the huswife who was in fact a manufacturer could only give odds and ends of her time to cooking and household duties. 1958 Observer 2 Mar. 10/3 Spin-driers liberate housewives from the effort of wringing and pegging out clothes. 2006 P. Williams Rise & Fall Yummy Mummy xxiv. 175 I am no domestic goddess..but I am at home, at the family's service, awkwardly forced into the role of housewife. †2. derogatory. A frivolous, impertinent, or disreputable woman or girl; a hussy. See hussy n. 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > [noun] > sexual indulgence > unchaste behaviour of woman > unchaste or loose woman queanOE whorec1175 malkinc1275 wenchelc1300 ribalda1350 strumpeta1350 wench1362 filtha1375 parnelc1390 sinner14.. callet1415 slut?c1425 tickle-tailc1430 harlot?a1475 mignote1489 kittock?a1500 mulea1513 trulla1516 trully?1515 danta1529 miswoman1528 stewed whore1532 Tib1533 unchaghe1534 flag1535 Katy1535 jillet1541 yaud1545 housewife1546 trinkletc1550 whippet1550 Canace1551 filthy1553 Jezebel1558 kittyc1560 loonc1560 laced mutton1563 nymph1563 limmer1566 tomboy1566 Marian1567 mort1567 cockatrice1568 franion1571 blowze1573 rannell1573 rig1575 Kita1577 poplet1577 light-skirts1578 pucelle1578 harlotry1584 light o' lovea1586 driggle-draggle1588 wagtail1592 tub-tail1595 flirt-gill1597 minx1598 hilding1599 short-heels1599 bona-roba1600 flirt1600 Hiren1600 light-heels1602 roba1602 baggage1603 cousin1604 fricatrice1607 rumbelow1611 amorosa1615 jaya1616 open-taila1618 succubus1622 snaphancea1625 flap1631 buttered bun1638 puffkin1639 vizard1652 fallen woman1659 tomrigg1662 cunt1663 quaedama1670 jilt1672 crack1677 grass-girl1691 sporting girl1694 sportswoman1705 mobbed hood1707 brim1736 trollop1742 trub1746 demi-rep1749 gillyflower1757 lady of easy virtue1766 mot1773 chicken1782 gammerstang1788 buer1807 scarlet woman1816 blowen1819 fie-fie1820 shickster?1834 streel1842 charver1846 trolly1854 bad girl1855 amateur1862 anonyma1862 demi-virgin1864 pickup1871 chippy1885 wish-wife1886 tart1887 tartleta1890 flossy1893 fly girl1893 demi-mondaine1894 floozy1899 slattern1899 scrub1900 demi-vierge1908 cake1909 coozie1912 muff1914 tarty1918 yes-girl1920 radge1923 bike1945 puta1948 messer1951 cooze1955 jamette1965 skeezer1986 slutbag1987 chickenhead1988 ho1988 1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. x. sig. Ciii^v Ye huswife, what wind blowth ye hyther thus right? 1599 Master Broughtons Lett. Answered vii. 21 Sampsons heyfer was his wife, a skittish huswife. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ii. 53 Some gigling Huswives, (Light Leaves will be wagg'd with Little Wind) causelesly fell a flouting at them. 1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 163 Afterwards he married a light Huswife. 1705 J. Vanbrugh Confederacy v. ii. 70 Impudent houswife! 1739 H. Baker & J. Miller tr. Molière Mock-doctor ii. ii, in Molière Wks. IV. 187 S'bobs, hold your Tongue, you are an impartinont Huswife. 1899 T. Hardy Wessex Poems 177 ‘What a slovenly hussif!’ it will be said, When they all go up my stair! †3. A kind of marine fish (not identified). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > unspecified types > [noun] whalec950 tumbrelc1300 sprout1340 squame1393 codmop1466 whitefish1482 lineshark?a1500 salen1508 glaucus1509 bretcock1522 warcodling1525 razor1530 bassinatc1540 goldeney1542 smy1552 maiden1555 grail1587 whiting1587 needle1589 pintle-fish1591 goldfish1598 puffin fish1598 quap1598 stork1600 black-tail1601 ellops1601 fork-fish1601 sea-grape1601 sea-lizard1601 sea-raven1601 barne1602 plosher1602 whale-mouse1607 bowman1610 catfish1620 hog1620 kettle-fish1630 sharpa1636 carda1641 housewifea1641 roucotea1641 ox-fisha1642 sea-serpent1646 croaker1651 alderling1655 butkin1655 shamefish1655 yard1655 sea-dart1664 sea-pelican1664 Negro1666 sea-parrot1666 sea-blewling1668 sea-stickling1668 skull-fish1668 whale's guide1668 sennet1671 barracuda1678 skate-bread1681 tuck-fish1681 swallowtail1683 piaba1686 pit-fish1686 sand-creeper1686 horned hog1702 soldier1704 sea-crowa1717 bran1720 grunter1726 calcops1727 bennet1731 bonefish1734 Negro fish1735 isinglass-fish1740 orb1740 gollin1747 smelt1776 night-walker1777 water monarch1785 hardhead1792 macaw-fish1792 yellowback1796 sea-raven1797 blueback1812 stumpnose1831 flat1847 butterfish1849 croppie1856 gubbahawn1857 silt1863 silt-snapper1863 mullet-head1866 sailor1883 hogback1893 skipper1898 stocker1904 a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1885) III. 319 The Dory, the huswife, the herringe, the sprat. 4. A small case or pouch for needles, thread, and other small sewing items.Often in the form of a length of soft fabric, divided into pockets, that may be rolled up when not in use. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > [noun] > sewing > equipment for > box, bag, or case work basket1579 workbox1605 housewife1735 work bag1745 working box1773 housewife-case1817 1735 Lives Most Remarkable Criminals I. 444 Upon turning the Pocket out, he found only a Thread Paper, a Housewife, and a Crown piece. 1762 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy V. xvi. 72 To bring whatever he had to say, into so small a compass, that..it might be rolled up in my mother's hussive. 1821 T. Carlyle Let. Dec. in Coll. Lett. T. & J. W. Carlyle (1970) I. 401 Here is a little Sovereign..to keep the Fiend out of your Housewife. 1851 D. Jerrold St. Giles & St. James (new ed.) xv, in Writings I. 158 He placed a little silken huswife in her trembling hand. 1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Hussif, that is house-wife; a roll of flannel with a pin-cushion attached, used for the purpose of holding pins, needles, and thread. 1917 A. G. Empey Over Top ii. 15 The pack contained my overcoat, an extra pair of socks..then your housewife, button-cleaning outfit..and fags. 1941 ‘Faugh-a-Ballagh’ 34 46/1 Once a quarter another parcel may be sent, including such articles as soap, woollies, razor blades,..hussifs,..and other domestic necessities. 2003 Piecework Nov.–Dec. 7 I am planning to make a housewife with ‘thread runners’ to store precut thread. Compounds C1. a. General attributive, as housewife hand, housewife task, etc. ΚΠ 1611 G. Chapman May-day ii. ii. 21 O this same vnhearty nicenesse of women, is good for nothing but to keepe their huswife hands still occupied in this warp of dissembling. 1737 M. Green Spleen 15 Old inspired times display, How wives could love, and yet obey. Then truth, and patience of controul, And houswife arts adorn'd the soul. a1795 S. Bishop Poet. Wks. (1796) I. 247 Let..a thatch-clad dome Give humble Honesty an home; At whose low door, with house-wife zeal, Unconscious beauty twirls her wheel. 1857 Blackwood's Mag. Dec. 682/1 The quiet activity with which..she moved about..assisting her in her dairy-work and other housewife tasks. 1882 Victorian Rev. (Melbourne) Feb. 418 All her housewife life is spent In the tedious content That in story-books befalls Angels and good animals. 1909 Catal. Copyright Entries: Pt. 4 (Libr. of Congr. Copyright Office) 4 75/2 Happy housewife. Young lady dressed in usual housewife costume, sleeves rolled up. 1989 Daily Nation (Nairobi) 26 July 33/4 You can't combine athletics, work and housewife chores. 2002 L. Blumenfeld Revenge i. 7 They stood up and, one by one, offered me their hands—muscled housewife hands; gummy toddler fingers, [etc.]. b. Appositive, as housewife mother, housewife sister, etc.; also figurative. ΚΠ 1762 C. Churchill Ghost iii. 57 It was the Hour, when Huswife Morn With Pearl and Linnen hangs each thorn. a1844 J. Sterling Ess. & Tales (1848) I. 23 In May, the youths of Domremy sang and danced,..ate the cakes of their housewife mothers, [etc.]. 1853 W. C. Bryant Poems (new ed.) 138 The housewife bee and humming-bird. 1964 N. Simon Barefoot in Park ii. i. 60 All I'm saying is, we don't have to come right out and introduce her as ‘my dull 50-year-old housewife mother’. 1977 R. M. Fields Northern Ireland (1980) v. 104 A group of nuns..whose intellectual vigor denoted a degree of liberation lacking in their housewife sisters. 2010 Sunday Star (Nexis) 24 Jan. 31 [She] was too ashamed to confess her sexual persuasion to her banker dad and housewife mum. C2. housewife-case n. (also housewife's case) now historical = sense 4. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > [noun] > sewing > equipment for > box, bag, or case work basket1579 workbox1605 housewife1735 work bag1745 working box1773 housewife-case1817 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. x. 231 A housewife-case, broidered with tarnished silver. 1859 G. A. Sala Gaslight & Daylight xviii. 204 Walking-sticks, housewife-cases, knives. 1910 E. Phillpotts Thief of Virtue viii. 66 'Tis just a little housewife's case with rows of needles and a thimble and such like. 1996 A. K. Henderson Romantic Identities (2006) v. 156 The Queen..gives her a housewife case as a token of their encounter. housewife cloth n. now historical = housewife's cloth n. ΚΠ 1560 in D. Yaxley Researcher's Gloss. Hist. Documents E. Anglia (2003) 106 xxij yards iij qu'ters of hoswyfe Cloth at xvjd the yard. 1571 in S. W. Beck Draper's Dict. (at cited word) iij yeardes and half of howswyff clothe iijs. vjd. a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 111 The kindes of linnes or huswife-cloath are brought aboute of peddlers. 1789 World 13 Aug. (advt.) Some exceeding good Housewife Cloth, of a remarkably stout Fabric for working-people's use, common Shirts, &c. 1868 in T. Richmond Local Rec. Stockton & Neighbourhood 110 [She] had for several years subsisted herself and her aged parents by travelling in the adjacent country with housewife cloth for sale. 1975 Amer. Art Jrnl. 7 88/1 Holland, garlix, pillow, ticking, check and housewife cloth served for household linens. housewife's cloth n. now historical any of various types of linen cloth, suitable for ordinary domestic use; cf. housekeeping goods n. at housekeeping n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > linen > articles made of linenc1330 housewife's cloth1567 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from flax, hemp, or jute > [noun] > linen > types of > for specific purpose lockramc1300 housewife cloth1560 housewife's cloth1567 beaupers1592 household linen1642 French canvas1662 harrateen1711 glass-cloth1851 tableclothing1859 Java canvas1867 Italian1897 1465 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 310 (MED) My mastyr payd to the said John for xx elles of hoswyffes clothe. 1567 in F. G. Emmison Elizabethan Life (1980) (modernized text) V. 7 5 pair of sheets of housewife's cloth and 6 pillowberes agreeable to these sheets. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 349/1 Housewifes Cloth made of Hemp or Flax..Holland, Tiffany, Gawse. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. House-wife's Cloth, is a middle Sort of Linnen Cloth between fine and coarse, for Family Uses. 1899 C. Whibley tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars I. p. xxviii He slept always on a low bed, and wore no apparel that was not of housewife's cloth, spun at home by the women of his family. 1939 Ld. Beveridge et al. Prices & Wages in Eng. 53 Entries of housewife's cloth for the same purpose at 2s. an ell in 1628. housewife fashion adv. [after French à la bonne femme and its shortened form bonne femme (for both, see bonne femme n.)] in the manner of a housewife or housewives. ΚΠ 1767 B. Clermont tr. Menon Art Mod. Cookery Displayed 86 (heading) Calve's Ears House-wife Fashion. Make a Sauce with a little Jelly Broth, as much white Wine, a Bit of Butter, [etc.]. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xxii. 217 They bestirred themselves real housewife-fashion to..make us comfortable. 1916 Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric. 28 Apr. App. 26 If it could be separated, the white was drained off, housewife fashion, into one receptacle, and the yolk dropped into another. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). housewifev. Brit. /ˈhaʊswʌɪf/, U.S. /ˈhaʊsˌwaɪf/ Forms: see housewife n.; also 1600s houswive. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: housewife n. Etymology: < housewife n. Now rare. 1. a. transitive. to housewife it. To be a housewife, esp. as a main occupation; to manage household affairs. See sense 1b. Also occasionally in extended use. Chiefly U.S. in later use.rare before 20th cent. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > be in control [verb (intransitive)] > manage or administrate > manage household to keep housec1405 to hold or keep householdc1425 to housewife it1566 economize1649 housekeep1813 to do for ——1844 1566 T. Drant tr. Horace Medicinable Morall sig. Aij^v The lytle ant..huswyfes it right well. 1663 J. Heath Flagellum 172 [His wife] who very frugally Huswifed it, and would..finically tax the expensive unthriftiness..of the Other Woman who lived there before her. 1904 Lamp Jan. 601/2 The large accessions to the writer's rank of women who, in a previous generation, were content to housewife it. 1943 Waterloo (Iowa) Daily Courier 27 Aug. 7/5 (advt.) These are the dresses to chalk up as wardrobe necessities whether you're going to..work..or housewifing it near some army or navy base! 2002 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 12 May vii. 17 She has married her college professor, borne a sweet daughter and is now mostly housewifing it. Diana's is the kind of smug life that would almost make one sick. b. intransitive. To be or act as a housewife; to manage household affairs, look after one's children, perform domestic tasks, etc., esp. as a main occupation.rare before 20th cent. ΚΠ 1603 N. Breton Dialogue Pithe & Pleasure sig. D Shee huswifeth at home; for their owne profite, and theyr childrens comfort. 1766 R. Griffith & E. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances III. 254 She neither reads, converses, works, visits, housewifes, coquets, intrigues, nor prays. 1958 Bakersfield Californian 30 July 41/1 She had her baby..and she housewifed for another year, did two Broadway plays, had another baby. 1983 M. Duffy Londoners (1984) xvi. 127 Chloe housewifes about, putting on the kettle, getting out mugs, instant coffee, [etc.]. 2000 Assoc. Press State & Local Wire (Nexis) 18 June It was a lonesome life on the ranch, just housewifing and taking care of the children. †2. transitive. To manage (resources, esp. money) with skill and economy; to eke out, make go further. Also in extended use. Cf. husband v. 4. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > sparingness or frugality > use sparingly or frugally [verb (transitive)] > manage thriftily or economically housewife1632 mesnage1654 thrift1869 society > authority > control > [verb (transitive)] > manage or administer > household housewife1632 1632 R. Brome Northern Lasse iii. ii, in Wks. (1873) III. 57 If you..huswife the entertainment to make it brave for my credit. 1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant iii. 34 I am sure I can huswife it [sc. the money] better for your honour; not but that I shall be willing to encourage you with pocket money, or so sometimes. 1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 134 I must Housewife the Money. 1798 F. Lathom Midnight Bell III. 55 In order to housewife the money we possessed..we resolved to buy a loaf. 1821 L.-M. Hawkins Heraline IV. v. 103 Carilis again housewifed her moments, that she might have some to bestow on the enduring old man. Derivatives ˈhousewifing n. the action or occupation of being a housewife; housewifery. ΚΠ 1867 Every Sat. 9 Mar. 301/1 Farm-laboring, and good housewifing, and good efforts all wait on good health. 1894 Westm. Gaz. 28 June 1/3 All her daily dusting and careful housewifing. 1973 D. Carlson & H. Carlson Girls are Equal Too i. 70 For most women, housewifing is simply not..rewarding enough to fill a lifetime. 2000 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. Sentinel (Nexis) 5 July 1 e Nursing never appealed, and housewifing, the option never seemed valid. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1225v.1566
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housewifen.

Compounds

housewifev.

Derivatives