| 释义 |
ilkadj.1pron.1n. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Apparently < the Germanic pronominal stem seen in Old Dutch er , Old High German ir , er , Gothic is , etc. (see he pron. and compare it pron.) + the Germanic base of lich n. With the formation compare which adj., and such adj. and pron. Compare also thilk adj. and pron.For similar use of the same pronominal stem with the meaning ‘same’ in compounds, compare Old English ī- in īsīðes immediately (compare sithe n.1) and īdæges on the same day (cognate with Old Frisian -īdigis in allīdigis the same day (compare days adv.) and further with Old Icelandic í dag today, although the latter apparently shows reanalysis of the original construction as a noun phrase with í in prep.). In Old English the word usually has weak inflections, both as adjective and as pronoun, but strong forms are occasionally attested. For the development of the final consonant compare which adj. and see the discussion at ylike adj. and n. Forms with initial e- (as e.g. elke at α. forms, eche, eeche at γ. forms) may reflect association with each adj. and pron. (beside its variant ilk adj.2 and pron.2). †A. adj.1the world > relative properties > relationship > identity > [adjective] the world > relative properties > relationship > identity > [adjective] > the same as already mentioned α. eOE (Kentish) Charter: Oswulf & Beornðryð to Christ Church, Canterbury (Sawyer 1188) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly (2013) 500 Of ðaem ilcan londe æt Stanhamstede. OE (1932) 751 Þis is se ilca ealwalda god ðone on fyrndagum fæderas cuðon. ?a1160 (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1135 Men..sæden ðat micel þing sculde cumen herefter; sua dide, for þat ilc gær warth þe king ded. c1200 Serm. in (1961) 7 62 (MED) God..seide to ham..‘þet ilke dei þe ȝe eteþ of þe tre of liue ȝe scullen þolie deþ.’ c1275 (?c1250) (Calig.) (1935) l. 99 Þat ilke best Þat fuleþ his owe nest. c1300 (?c1225) (Laud) (1901) l. 496 (MED) Þou schalt bere corune In þis hulke toune. a1325 (c1250) (1968) l. 73 Ðis ik [perhaps read ilk] wort in ebrisse wen, He witen ðe soðe, ðat is sen. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 1490 Þat ilk self ȝere. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer (Hunterian) (1891) l. 7331 Ryght in that ilke same place. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine f. ccclxxxviij/1 That the ylke god shold be blessyd. ?a1525 (?a1475) l. 495 Syr, bryng that ylke cake nere. 1556 W. Lauder sig. A2v At this ilke compt, quhat salbe said To thame. 1648 10 During the ilk time the debtor shall onely be liable in payment of seven of annuall Rent, for each hundreth of stock. a1832 W. Scott (1841) 684 In this ilk londe, as thinketh me, Right as holie legendes tell. B. pron.1†1. the ilk, that ilk. eOE (partly from transcript of damaged MS) (2009) ix. 24 Se ilca [sc. Nero] het ealle acwellan þa ricostan Romana witan. lOE (Laud) anno 1058 Her on þisum geare..wæs Benedictus gehalgod to papan, se ylca sænde Stigande arcebiscop pallium hider to lande. c1175 ( (Bodl. 343) (1894) 24 Þa eoden þa ylcæ ðerto þe hit ær imeten hæfdon. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris (1873) 2nd Ser. 55 (MED) Wo þo ilche þat ben mihti to drinken. a1250 (?c1200) (Titus) (1981) l. 742 Þe ilke self is godes sune. 1340 (1866) 53 (MED) Þo þet libbeþ be þe ulesse..hi slaȝeþ hire zaulen..Þe ilke ne hyealdeþ scele ne mesure. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) iii. l. 1298 ‘I am,’ quod he, ‘that ilke same, The which men Diogenes calle.’ a1400 (a1325) (Trin. Cambr.) l. 18141 Þis blisful kyng hit is þat iche [Vesp. ilk, c1460 Laud eche]. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer (Hunterian) (1891) l. 416 That ilk is she that pryuely Ne spareth neuer a wikked dede. ?a1475 Lessons of Dirige (Douce) l. 171 in J. Kail (1904) 126 (MED) Mylkedest nat me, lorde, as mylke, With nesshe blood whan thow me made? And sythen, lord, that ylke, Ryght as the hardnesse of chese ys hade? 1669 36 I trow to God ye be that ilk. the world > relative properties > relationship > identity > [noun] > the same thing or person the world > time > relative time > simultaneity or contemporaneousness > [adverb] eOE (Parker) anno 755 Þa budon hie hiera mægum þæt hie gesunde from eodon, & hie cuędon þæt tæt ilce hiera [geferum] geboden wære. OE tr. (Vitell.) vi. 252 To eagena beorhtnysse wudubuccan gealla gemencged wið feldbeona hunige... Þæt ylce [?a1200 Harl. 6258B þat ylca] m[æ]g wið gomena sare. c1175 ( Ælfric's Homily on Nativity of Christ (Bodl. 343) in A. O. Belfour (1909) 86 Eft is iwriten bi þam ylce [sc. about the aforementioned subject] þus. c1175 (Burchfield transcript) l. 3902 Þurrh þatt illke wass uss ec, Don full wel tunnderrstanndennn, Þatt crist..Wass borenn her to manne. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1963) l. 1424 Bladud Baðen iwrohte..mid ane stæn-cunne..þe he leide in ane walle-stream. Þe ilke makeð þat water hot. a1375 (c1350) (1867) l. 531 I giue me holly in his grace, as gilty for þat ilk, & to mende my misse i make myn a-vowe. c1390 (?c1350) (1871) l. 565 A whit kniht..Rydes to tholomer rad wiþ þat ilke, Baar him doun of his hors. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) l. 13451 I dar noght sai Quere þis was þat ilk or nai. c1440 (a1400) (Thornton) l. 23 Hir sadille semyde of þat ilke. c1480 (a1400) St. Matthew 181 in W. M. Metcalfe (1896) I. 195 Þat Ilk suld þai haf done til ȝow. c1590 (c1340) R. Rolle (Univ. Coll. Oxf. 64(2)) (1884) lxi. 9 Þai desceif of vanite in it selven..þat es, in þat ilk þat þai er trowid even & rightuous. 1622 (?a1513) W. Dunbar (Reidpeth) (1998) I. 174 Sen as the world sayis that ilk. 1640 R. Brome ii. iii. sig. D3v Hoy.: How must that be done? Coul.: I that ich I would heare. a1650 Robin Hood's Death 56 in F. J. Furnivall (1867) I. 54 Downe she came in that ilke. 1679 4 They affixed a certain Scandalous and Traiterous Paper, or Declaration, on the Market-cross; and intended to have done the ilke at Glasgow. 1821 A. Scott 83 The cap he wore was crimson red, and of that ilk his morning gown. 1862 G. Henderson xxv. 16 Syne he wha had gotten the five talents gaed, an’ coft an’ trocked wi’ that ilk, an’ made ither five talents. the world > relative properties > relationship > identity > [adverb] > of the same place or name society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > rank [phrase] > of the same place, territorial designation, or name the mind > language > naming > [adverb] > of the same name 1473 in T. Dickson (1877) I. 68 Gevin to the Justice Schire Dauid Guthere of that Ilk, knycht. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece xvii. vii. f. 248/1 Alexander Elphinstoun of yat ylk. 1542 D. Lindsay Heraldic Notes in (E.E.T.S.) V. 609 Scot of Balwery.—Wemyss of that ilk.—Lwndy of that ilk. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie (1888) I. 126 King James the fyfte of that ilke. 1629 4 Ludovicke Haustoun of that ilke. 1680 G. Mackenzie 68 And this last holds likewise with Us, if the Precedency be not clear, and was so decided by King Iames the sixth, betwixt Blair of that ilk, and Blair of Balthaiock. 1718 A. Nisbet iii. 35 The Arms of his Wife Heiress of Balmanno, and not the Arms of Auchenleck of that Ilk of whom he was descended. 1816 W. Scott II. ix. 241 Then they were Knockwinnocks of that ilk. 1860 T. P. Thompson (1861) III. civ. 12 A canon and two choristers sent from St. George's to the hospital of that ilk. a1966 ‘M. na Gopaleen’ (1968) 154 The baronetcy, of course, is one of the oldest in the country. Sir Myles is reckoned to be the 57th of that ilk. 2001 J. Murray Neil 33 Originally part of Dalhousie which was owned by the Ramsays of that ilk, one of the oldest families in Midlothian. C. n.the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a company or body of persons > [noun] 1790 J. Fisher 155 Ilk ane a cap an' cloak o' silk Has got, as if she was a lady, An' that indeed, o' nae sma' ilk. 1835 June 133/1 Mr. Rae's book (not the first produced by the ‘men of that ilk’ on this high argument). 1845 E. Miall in 5 212 Mr. Hume, or Mr. Roebuck, or any member of that ilk. 1881 J. A. Morgan i. 36 Milton was the enemy of all the ilk. 1899 29 June 3/2 Two very new hats of quite another ‘ilk’. 1899 6 July 3/2 A coat of this ‘ilk’ is quite another matter from the coat of the tailor costume. 1943 J. Kerouac Let. 7 Apr. in (1995) 59 I'm sure he's one of those prim, sparsely-hued ‘moderns’, who considers his ilk the backbone of the nation. 1968 H. S. Thompson Let. 24 Sept. in (2000) 128 You and your swinish, hypocritical ilk. 1972 1 Sept. 52/2 Ladies of every ilk. 1995 Summer 96 We have a peony of unknown ilk. 2005 M. Atwood v. 19 Smaller fry, the table-tilters, the mediums, the channellers, people of that ilk. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022). ilkadj.2pron.2Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: each adj.; each pron. Etymology: Variant (chiefly east midland, northern, and Scots) of each adj. and each pron.; compare δ. forms at each adj. and pron. and see further discussion at that entry. Compare ilka adj., ilk adj.1, ilkane pron., ilkin adj.Forms at this entry show reflexes of Old English ylc (see δ. forms at each adj. and pron.) which lack palatalization and affrication of the stem-final plosive (and with regular northern and east midland unrounding of y ); these may reflect unpalatalized forms of the word in Old English (perhaps showing generalization from inflected forms with /k/ before a back vowel), or reflect sound-substitution in areas of Scandinavian influence. Compare similar developments at swilk adj. and pron. and sic adj. (beside such adj. and pron.), and also whilk at which adj. and pron. γ. forms. In Old English ylc is securely attested only in Mercian, but its Middle English reflexes suggest a much wider distribution; compare δ. forms at each adj. and pron. Spellings with c (unlike those with k ) are not in themselves conclusive as to the presence or absence of palatalization; such forms have been allocated to this entry or each adj. and pron. on the basis of an assessment of the likelihood of palatalization being shown. Now Scottish. A. adj.2 ( attributive). the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [adjective] > not specified > of every kind > each or every c1175 (Burchfield transcript) l. 3546 Þatt illc mann shule cumenn ham. c1275 ( Will of Ælfgar (Sawyer 1483) in D. Whitelock (1930) 8 And ic an þat lond at Tidwoldingtone Alfwold ouer mine day þe he formige ilke ihere þen hird at Paulesbiri for vre aldre soule. a1325 (c1250) (1968) l. 119 Ilk gres, ilc wurt, ilc birðheltre. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 413 Now schul we seye of ylke parti. ?a1425 (Egerton) (1889) 2 Thurgh whilk ilk man es saued. (Harl. 221) 258 Iche, or ylke, quilibet. a1500 (a1460) (1994) I. xiv. 164 All shall hym bowe that berys name In ilk cuntré. 1568 (a1508) W. Kennedy Flyting (Bannatyne) in (1998) I. 210 Thy elderis banis ilk nycht rysis and rattillis. c1650 J. Spalding (1850) I. 132 To raiss xiiis. iiijd. out of ilk chalder victual. 1693 (single sheet) The Cowper who Visited the samine, is to pay therefore six pound Scots for ilk Last, and proportionally for ilk Barrel. 1752 in W. Cramond (1903) I. 464 Ilk cart load..of sparwood or logs. 1796 H. Macneill ii. 12 Tracing Will in ilk direction, Far frae Britain's fostering isle! 1837 R. Nicoll (1842) 77 Ilk rugged mountain's curl. 1868 W. Shelley 56 Mirth got owerance o' ilk bird. 1950 R. Davies in R. Brown & D. Bennett (1982) I. 627 I canna ca' this forest home, It is nae home to me; Ilk tree is suthern to my heart And unco' to me e'e. a1978 ‘H. MacDiarmid’ (1994) II. 1244 Sad little miracle tak's place ilk' nicht. 2000 S. Blackhall 39 Noo gloamin peints ilk image I can see Wi sic profundity. B. pron.2the world > relative properties > relationship > correlation > [noun] > mutuality or reciprocity > each other c1275 ( Will of Þurketel (Sawyer 1527) in D. Whitelock (1930) 68 And alle mine men fre, and ilk habbe his toft and his metecu & his metecorn. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 1819 Ilk oþer pulled, ilk oþer schoke, with fete in fouche ilk oþer toke. c1475 (?c1400) (1842) 23 (MED) Þei þat persewen causis aȝen þer neybors, enfectun and warioun hem silf manifold and sinfully foilun ilk oþer. 1513 in R. L. Mackie (1953) 313 [The King of France, to whom James is] bonden and oblist for mutuall defence ilke of vthers. 1572 P. R. sig. aiij The malice greit that ilk to vther beiris, Dois ryfe my bowells with thair Ciuile weiris. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie (1888) I. 77 Ilk knew vthir weil. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie (1888) I. 233 The vther sevin, ilk according to his power. a1689 W. Cleland (1697) 19 They cite a Process, Of Melvil with the Earl of Rothess: And of his Grace, with th' Earl of Twidsdale, And some of late, with Will of Clidsdale. Tho now he's hectored by ilk. 1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Knight's Tale in 585 Ilke of you both is worthy doubtles To wed when time is. ?1785 41 Come now, my lads, and tak' your glass. And try ilk other to surpass. 1896 L. Proudlock 164 I' faith, had they a chance they'd screed Ilk ither's neck. 1983 W. L. Lorimer & R. L. C. Lorimer John 179 Thir wurds set the Jews at odds wi ilk ither aince mair. 1991 L. G. Rich in T. Hubbard 23 Skirlin and lauchin, ilk wi spindrift weet, At the waves' edge the bairns their taes try in. Phrasesthe world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [adjective] > usual or ordinary 1488 (c1478) Hary (Adv.) (1968–9) iii. l. 80 Our ilk dayis ger. 1720 T. Boston vi. 374 He must take up his ilk Days Cross. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  adj.1pron.1n.eOEadj.2pron.2c1175 |
