inclusiven.adj.

Brit.

/ɪnˈkluːsɪv/,

/ɪŋˈkluːsɪv/, U.S.

/ᵻnˈklusɪv/,

/ɪŋˈklusɪv/

Forms: 1500s inclusyue, 1500s–1600s inclusiue, 1500s– inclusive.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin inclusivus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin inclusivus characterized by being included (from 12th cent. in British and continental sources) < classical Latin inclūs- , past participial stem of inclūdere include v. + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare German inklusiv (16th cent. as inclusiv ). Compare earlier inclusive adv.

†A. n.

A statement which is true if any one of a number of component statements it includes is true. Cf. sense B. 8, exclusive n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > other parts of speech > [noun] > other spec.

numeral1530

partitive1530

inclusive1533

gentile1569

illative1591

note1607

collective1751

ordinativea1831

resumptive1832

similative1903

applicative1925

particle1925

adposition1972

1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance i. vi. f. xxxix Thys man ys so connynge in hys inclusyues & exclusyues, that he dyscerneth nothyng bytwene compulatyues [prob. read copulatyues] and dysiunctyuys.

B. adj.

†I. That is included.

1. Apparently: concealed, secret, private. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > [adjective] > hidden

dighela1000

dernc1000

wriena1250

privyc1300

unshewedc1386

wrapped1398

quatc1425

tectc1440

blinda1522

coucheda1522

dark1532

lurkingc1540

velated1542

hiddena1547

inclusive1554

concealed1558

secret1559

occult1567

disguised1594

occulted1598

derned1600

shrouded1600

latent1605

abstrused1608

supposed1608

unshown1614

enshielda1616

retruse1623

dissembled1631

researched1636

recondite1649

delitescent1653

larved1654

tected1657

bedilt1660

bosomed1667

inhidden1674

underground1677

abditive1727

secreted1756

unextruded1808

unprotruded1812

undisplayed1822

larvated1832

dissimulated1838

latescent1852

squat1956

1554 T. Martin Traictise Marriage of Priestes x. sig. R.iv^v He putteth no difference betwixt them that be bound by their consecration, and them that be bound by their solemne profession: betwixt an inclusiue and an open vowe: betwixt priestes and monkes.

2. That is included, incorporated, or enclosed in something. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > incorporation or inclusion > [adjective] > incorporated or included

inclusive1573

comprisedc1575

included1590

incorpsed1604

incorporated1715

unexcluded1780

corporate1850

in the mix1962

1573 J. Bridges Supremacie Christian Princes 562 They stoode on the bare wordes as you do, and refused inclusiue proufes followed they neuer so necessarily.

1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 39 That fable of Midas eating gold had no other shadow or inclusiue pith in it, but he was of a queasie stomacke.

1642 J. March Argument Militia 36 What they declare to be Law, the King by an inclusive judgement declareth to be Law also.

1735 H. Brooke Universal Beauty: Pt. II 20 Each Note inclusive Melody reveals.

II. That includes.

†3. That encloses or surrounds something. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health iv. f. 235 Put the Xyloebenum into the inclusiue [Furnace of] reuerberation [L. in reuerberationem inclusiuam], in the second degree of fyre.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iv. i. 58 The inclusiue verge, Of golden mettall that must round my browe.

1712 Game Law: Pt. II (Great Britain) i. 11 No Person might fish in any River that is a Boundary of the Forest... Nor hunt or kill the King's Deer in an Highway, being an inclusive Boundary.

1814 W. Wordsworth Excursion iv. 171 Altar and Image and the inclusive walls And roofs of Temples built by human hands.

a. Including all or many elements or aspects of something; comprehensive; all-embracing. Cf. all-inclusive adj. 1.Quot. a1616 might instead be interpreted as belonging at sense B. 2; cf. Johnson's gloss in Plays of Shakespeare III. (1765): ‘receipts in which greater virtues were inclosed than appeared to observation’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > condition or state of being inclusive > [adjective] > inclusive or comprehensive

largea1400

wide1534

capable1592

inclusive1604

comprehensive1614

all-comprehensive1650

complexive1654

diffused1658

comprehensional1673

perileptic1678

all-encompassing1805

unexcluding1822

widish1845

all-embracing1847

unexclusive1852

all-inclusive1858

broad1872

embracive1897

periscopic1912

wide-angle1932

umbrella1949

1604 W. Tooker Of Fabrique of Church 102 Oeconomicall authoritie hath..onely Negatiue [lawes],..as not to hurt nor kill, neither childe, wife, nor seruant, and such like inclusiue prohibitions.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. iii. 224 Notes, whose faculties inclusiue were, More then they were in note.

1817 S. T. Coleridge Biographia Literaria I. xii. 242 In Latin we must too often be contented with a more general and inclusive term.

1843 Christian Reformer June 374 The term Unitarian..is too inclusive and comprehensive to be justly termed a mere sectarian appellation.

1880 A. D. Whitney Odd or Even? xv. 135 It was a clever little romance enough, an English novel, also; not so deep or inclusive as to anticipate query.

1909 A. Bennett Lit. Taste 87 Every Englishman..ought to own a comprehensive and inclusive library of English literature.

1962 H. Miller Stand still like Hummingbird 107 I know of no writer whose vision is as inclusive, as all-embracing as Whitman's.

2003 Computer Weekly 27 Feb. 24/6 The blogroll down the right-hand column is so extensive, and inclusive as to be useless.

b. Of a price, service, etc.: including all the services or items normally expected or required; (later usually) spec. designating or relating to a holiday, resort, etc., where all or most meals, drinks, and activities are included in the overall price; = all-inclusive adj. 2.

ΚΠ

1822 Morning Chron. 8 Aug. 1 (advt.) Liberal education, on inclusive Terms.—At an established genteel school.

1910 Bradshaw's Railway Guide Apr. 1061 Bath Hotel..Inclusive Terms from 7/6 per day.

1942 Boys' Life Aug. 32/1 (advt.) General courses with Art, Music, Domestic Science. Superb sports. Skiing. Inclusive rate.

1970 Times 21 Nov. 22/2 The first British inclusive holidaymakers are going out to the new summer resorts.

2001 Big Issue 20 Aug. 26/1 Weekend and midweek inclusive mini cruise breaks.

a. That includes, contains, or incorporates something as part of a group, category, etc.; having the function of including.Also with modifier specifying what is included.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > incorporation or inclusion > [adjective]

incorporative1592

comprising1603

including1611

inclusive1622

inclusory1775

1622 J. Donne Serm. Acts i. 8 5 It [sc. ‘but’] is an inclusiue word;..not that, not that which you beat vpon, But, but yet, something else, something better then that, you shall haue.

1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 105 Who dare think that the word (To such) is not rather inclusive as to them, then exclusive?

1665 T. Mall Offer of Farther Help 57 There are divers sorts of marks; some are exclusive..others are inclusive.

1670 G. Havers tr. G. Leti Il Cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa iii. iii. 328 He had not enough of the inclusive power.

1773 A. Murray Clear Display Trinity ii. iii. 203 The term Father includes the divine three: And it is said God is Holy, and God is a Spirit, which are likewise inclusive terms: Yet the terms Word and Son never include any more than one.

1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) I. 394 It is the nature of all human science and knowledge, to proceed most safely by negative and exclusive, to what is affirmative and inclusive.

1858 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 13 June in French & Ital. Notebks. (1980) 312 He has said enough..to put him at swords' points with sculptors of..every degree, between the two inclusive extremes of Phidias and Clarke Mills.

1941 Utah: Guide to State (Federal Writers' Project) ii. 238 High on the east facade is a tall arched niche with a gilded inscription, giving the inclusive dates, 1853–93, of the Temple's construction.

1990 InterCity Mag. Sept. 7/1 Beat the motorway blues with an admission-inclusive InterCity ticket to the Motor Show.

2009 Gulf War & Health 7 200 The 315 patients included 75 who were in the inclusive series with early epilepsy and 240 from the original 1,000 who did not have early epilepsy.

b. With of, specifying what is included.

ΚΠ

1625 W. Guild Ignis Fatuus 37 Paying the vtmost farthing, is meant..the full summe without the least want: and so it is not to be vnderstood exclusiue of the greatest part, but inclusiue of the least portion.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) i. 26 Philology..is..inclusive of all human liberal Studies.

1709 Brit. Apollo 27 May–1 June Those Words..wou'd be Inclusive of Perjury.

1780 M. Madan Thelyphthora II. vi. 7 Fornication..a general term inclusive of all illicit commerce between the sexes.

1844 S. C. Brees Let. 31 Jan. in New Zealand: Copies Extracts of Despatches (1845) 94 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 369) XXXIII. 239 The land coloured dark red on the plan, represents the land surveyed.., inclusive of the town of Wellington.

1872 J. G. Murphy Crit. Comm. Leviticus v. 21 Fraud..and oppression are inclusive of most wrong done to a neighbor.

1947 Forum (Johannesburg) 26 Apr. 46/1 (advt.) Fare is inclusive of personalised steward service throughout journey.

1982 A. A. Jongebreur in J. P. Signoret Welfare & Husb. Calves 139 Was the mortality rate that you mentioned not inclusive of stillbirths?

2000 Struct. Engineer 1 Feb. 5/2 Tickets cost..total £44.65, inclusive of table wines.

6. Grammar. Designating or relating to (the use of) a first person plural pronoun or possessive adjective when it includes both speaker and addressee (as in we can all go together). Opposed to exclusive (exclusive adj. and n. Additions).In some languages the inclusive and exclusive pronouns take different forms.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > pronoun > [adjective] > specific use of pronouns

impersonal1803

exclusive1828

inclusive1828

royal1835

1828 W. Humboldt Ess. Affinities Oriental Lang. 7 Several American languages have two plural forms in the first person, an exclusive and an inclusive form, according as we would include or exclude the person addressed.

1889 Rep. 1st Meeting Australasian Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1888 483 The translator..has to consider, when he meets a we or an us,..whether it is inclusive or exclusive.

1946 L. Bloomfield in H. Hoijer et al. Ling. Struct. Native Amer. 94 Distinction of exclusive and inclusive first person plural: M[enominee] netaanenaw ‘our daughter’ (parent speaking to another person), ketaanen ‘our daughter’ (one parent speaking to another).

2000 N. Fairclough New Labour, New Lang. i. 35 There is a constant ambivalence..between exclusive and inclusive ‘we’—the pronoun can be taken as reference to the Government or to Britain (or the British).

a. Not excluding any person on the grounds of race, gender, religion, age, disability, etc.; encouraging or accommodating participation from all sections of society.gender-inclusive: see the first element.

ΚΠ

1928 Rotarian Jan. 52/2 It wishes to establish new contacts that are more inclusive. It doesn't wish lawyers hobnobbing with lawyers; it wishes lawyers fellowshipping with lumbermen, bankers with bakers, priests with publishers.

1940 Jrnl. Bible & Relig. 8 70/1 It was by taking over the current individualism that early Christianity became a racially inclusive movement.

1965 Crisis Feb. 74 Mr. Johnson's Great Society is to be an inclusive society from which no American is barred solely because of his race, color, religion or national origin.

1993 B. Parramore in V. S. Wilson et al. Teaching Social Stud. 269 Schools..began to cope with a more inclusive school environment for minorities and pupils with special needs.

2005 Times Lit. Suppl. 14 Jan. 8/3 An inclusive vision of a South African society welcoming to people of all races.

b. Designating language which seeks to avoid gender bias (such as that represented by the generic use of masculine pronouns), either by explicit reference to both sexes or by omission of inessential gender-specific terms; using language of this type; gender-neutral.Introduced in relation to the revision of the Bible and other Christian texts.

ΚΠ

1977 J. Haugerud (title) The Word for us: the Gospels of John and Mark, Epistles to the Romans and the Galatians, restated in inclusive language.

1978 P. Trible God & Rhetoric of Sexuality p. xvii I want to use inclusive, rather than sexist, language in translation.

1991 Daughters of Sarah May 21/1 The head of our trustee commission, a man, made a motion that we rewrite the constitution using inclusive language.

1995 (title) The New Testament and Psalms: an inclusive version.

2006 C. Kroløkke & A. S. Sørensen Gender Communication Theories & Analyses iv. 74 The ungrammatical ‘they’ may seem awkward, and the ‘she or he’ cumbersome, but inclusive communication is more precise and therefore more direct.

8. Chiefly Logic and Linguistics. Designating or relating to (the use of) a disjunction (esp. ‘or’) forming compound statements which are true if and only if at least one of the component statements is true (with the possibility that both are true). Cf. earlier sense A.In some languages inclusive and exclusive disjunctions take different forms.In logic the symbol most commonly used to represent this disjunction is ∨, representing Latin vel. See inclusive or at OR n.²

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > predicate or propositional logic > [adjective] > of a function, operator, or variable

predicative1906

unary1931

inclusive1940

one-argument1941

functorial1945

1940 W. V. Quine Math. Logic i. 12 When ‘or’ is used in the inclusive sense..the compound is regarded as true if at least one of the components is true.

1966 L. H. Hackstaff Syst. Formal Logic 17 ‘You can buy a hat either at Macy's or at Gimbels'.’.. When a statement of this kind is made the informant does not mean to exclude either possibility (or both). To assert such a statement is to use inclusive disjunction. The statement might be more clearly phrased, ‘You can buy a hat at Macy's and/or you can buy a hat at Gimbels'.’

1984 Eng. in Afr. 11 76 It is..significant that Campbell in the last line of this fourth stanza should use the disjunctive ‘or’ (it could be read as either an exclusive or inclusive disjunctive).

2012 S. Crain Emergence of Meaning i. 58 Or is ambiguous between inclusive disjunction and exclusive disjunction.

Compounds

inclusive education n. Education (originally U.S.). education, or an educational policy, which includes all students, (now) esp. one that enables students with disabilities, special needs, or learning difficulties to be educated within mainstream schools; cf. inclusion n. 1c.

ΚΠ

1970 C. Collins Concept Equality in Context Educ. Policies (Ph.D. thesis, Indiana Univ.) iv. 256 Proposal for community control of schools in black neighborhoods..are likely to be dismissed out of hand because they do not promise 'inclusive education'.

1989 Chance to Choose (Michigan Developmental Disabilities Council) 123 Community-referenced, inclusive education..will not only benefit students with disabilities.

1991 Phi Delta Kappan 73 327 Inclusive education programs do not maintain rigid divisions between regular and special education.

2015 Oxf. Dict. Educ. (ed. 2) (Electronic ed.) at Inclusion Tensions arise because there are contradictory educational policy imperatives both for inclusive education and for competition and selection.

inclusive fitness n. Biology the fitness of an individual organism as measured by the survival and reproductive success of its kinship group, calculated according to an individual's reproductive success and that of its relatives weighted according to their degree of relatedness to the individual. See fitness n. Additions c(b). The theory of inclusive fitness is used to explain the genetic basis behind certain social behaviour, esp. altruism. Cf. group selection n. at group n. Compounds 2, kin selection n. at kin n.¹ Additions.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > evolution > [noun] > fitness to survive and reproduce > measures of

Darwin1949

millidarwin1949

fitness1953

inclusive fitness1964

1963 W. D. Hamilton in Amer. Naturalist 97 355 Provided fitness is reckoned in terms of ‘inclusive’ genotype-reproduction, and the dilution due to unrelated genes is allowed for, the classical treatment of dominance and epistasis can be followed closely.]

1964 W. D. Hamilton in Jrnl. Theoret. Biol. 7 8 For an important class of genetic effects where the individual is supposed to dispense benefits to his neighbours,..the average inclusive fitness in the population will always increase.

1987 Panama City (Florida) News-Herald 13 Sept. b13/3 Inclusive fitness leads to a process of selection of males by females, because she has more to risk when mating–the pregnancy leaves her vulnerable to attack and disease and she must sacrifice more time to reproduce.

1997 J. C. Schuster & L. B. Schuster in Evol. Social Behaviour Insects & Arachnids xii. 265/2 The teneral adults..can work in pupal case building and repair, behaviour that augments the inclusive fitness of the teneral adults.

2010 New Scientist 2 Oct. 8/3 In theory, inclusive fitness makes it possible to calculate the extent of the spread of a given altruistic behaviour—such as staying with your parents to raise your siblings—through a population.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	inclusive
释义	inclusiven.adj. Brit. /ɪnˈkluːsɪv/, /ɪŋˈkluːsɪv/, U.S. /ᵻnˈklusɪv/, /ɪŋˈklusɪv/ Forms: 1500s inclusyue, 1500s–1600s inclusiue, 1500s– inclusive. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin inclusivus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin inclusivus characterized by being included (from 12th cent. in British and continental sources) < classical Latin inclūs- , past participial stem of inclūdere include v. + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare German inklusiv (16th cent. as inclusiv ). Compare earlier inclusive adv. †A. n. A statement which is true if any one of a number of component statements it includes is true. Cf. sense B. 8, exclusive n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > other parts of speech > [noun] > other spec. numeral1530 partitive1530 inclusive1533 gentile1569 illative1591 note1607 collective1751 ordinativea1831 resumptive1832 similative1903 applicative1925 particle1925 adposition1972 1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance i. vi. f. xxxix Thys man ys so connynge in hys inclusyues & exclusyues, that he dyscerneth nothyng bytwene compulatyues [prob. read copulatyues] and dysiunctyuys. B. adj. †I. That is included. 1. Apparently: concealed, secret, private. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > [adjective] > hidden dighela1000 dernc1000 wriena1250 privyc1300 unshewedc1386 wrapped1398 quatc1425 tectc1440 blinda1522 coucheda1522 dark1532 lurkingc1540 velated1542 hiddena1547 inclusive1554 concealed1558 secret1559 occult1567 disguised1594 occulted1598 derned1600 shrouded1600 latent1605 abstrused1608 supposed1608 unshown1614 enshielda1616 retruse1623 dissembled1631 researched1636 recondite1649 delitescent1653 larved1654 tected1657 bedilt1660 bosomed1667 inhidden1674 underground1677 abditive1727 secreted1756 unextruded1808 unprotruded1812 undisplayed1822 larvated1832 dissimulated1838 latescent1852 squat1956 1554 T. Martin Traictise Marriage of Priestes x. sig. R.iv^v He putteth no difference betwixt them that be bound by their consecration, and them that be bound by their solemne profession: betwixt an inclusiue and an open vowe: betwixt priestes and monkes. 2. That is included, incorporated, or enclosed in something. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > incorporation or inclusion > [adjective] > incorporated or included inclusive1573 comprisedc1575 included1590 incorpsed1604 incorporated1715 unexcluded1780 corporate1850 in the mix1962 1573 J. Bridges Supremacie Christian Princes 562 They stoode on the bare wordes as you do, and refused inclusiue proufes followed they neuer so necessarily. 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 39 That fable of Midas eating gold had no other shadow or inclusiue pith in it, but he was of a queasie stomacke. 1642 J. March Argument Militia 36 What they declare to be Law, the King by an inclusive judgement declareth to be Law also. 1735 H. Brooke Universal Beauty: Pt. II 20 Each Note inclusive Melody reveals. II. That includes. †3. That encloses or surrounds something. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health iv. f. 235 Put the Xyloebenum into the inclusiue [Furnace of] reuerberation [L. in reuerberationem inclusiuam], in the second degree of fyre. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iv. i. 58 The inclusiue verge, Of golden mettall that must round my browe. View more context for this quotation 1712 Game Law: Pt. II (Great Britain) i. 11 No Person might fish in any River that is a Boundary of the Forest... Nor hunt or kill the King's Deer in an Highway, being an inclusive Boundary. 1814 W. Wordsworth Excursion iv. 171 Altar and Image and the inclusive walls And roofs of Temples built by human hands. View more context for this quotation 4. a. Including all or many elements or aspects of something; comprehensive; all-embracing. Cf. all-inclusive adj. 1.Quot. a1616 might instead be interpreted as belonging at sense B. 2; cf. Johnson's gloss in Plays of Shakespeare III. (1765): ‘receipts in which greater virtues were inclosed than appeared to observation’. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > condition or state of being inclusive > [adjective] > inclusive or comprehensive largea1400 wide1534 capable1592 inclusive1604 comprehensive1614 all-comprehensive1650 complexive1654 diffused1658 comprehensional1673 perileptic1678 all-encompassing1805 unexcluding1822 widish1845 all-embracing1847 unexclusive1852 all-inclusive1858 broad1872 embracive1897 periscopic1912 wide-angle1932 umbrella1949 1604 W. Tooker Of Fabrique of Church 102 Oeconomicall authoritie hath..onely Negatiue [lawes],..as not to hurt nor kill, neither childe, wife, nor seruant, and such like inclusiue prohibitions. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. iii. 224 Notes, whose faculties inclusiue were, More then they were in note. View more context for this quotation 1817 S. T. Coleridge Biographia Literaria I. xii. 242 In Latin we must too often be contented with a more general and inclusive term. 1843 Christian Reformer June 374 The term Unitarian..is too inclusive and comprehensive to be justly termed a mere sectarian appellation. 1880 A. D. Whitney Odd or Even? xv. 135 It was a clever little romance enough, an English novel, also; not so deep or inclusive as to anticipate query. 1909 A. Bennett Lit. Taste 87 Every Englishman..ought to own a comprehensive and inclusive library of English literature. 1962 H. Miller Stand still like Hummingbird 107 I know of no writer whose vision is as inclusive, as all-embracing as Whitman's. 2003 Computer Weekly 27 Feb. 24/6 The blogroll down the right-hand column is so extensive, and inclusive as to be useless. b. Of a price, service, etc.: including all the services or items normally expected or required; (later usually) spec. designating or relating to a holiday, resort, etc., where all or most meals, drinks, and activities are included in the overall price; = all-inclusive adj. 2. ΚΠ 1822 Morning Chron. 8 Aug. 1 (advt.) Liberal education, on inclusive Terms.—At an established genteel school. 1910 Bradshaw's Railway Guide Apr. 1061 Bath Hotel..Inclusive Terms from 7/6 per day. 1942 Boys' Life Aug. 32/1 (advt.) General courses with Art, Music, Domestic Science. Superb sports. Skiing. Inclusive rate. 1970 Times 21 Nov. 22/2 The first British inclusive holidaymakers are going out to the new summer resorts. 2001 Big Issue 20 Aug. 26/1 Weekend and midweek inclusive mini cruise breaks. 5. a. That includes, contains, or incorporates something as part of a group, category, etc.; having the function of including.Also with modifier specifying what is included. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > incorporation or inclusion > [adjective] incorporative1592 comprising1603 including1611 inclusive1622 inclusory1775 1622 J. Donne Serm. Acts i. 8 5 It [sc. ‘but’] is an inclusiue word;..not that, not that which you beat vpon, But, but yet, something else, something better then that, you shall haue. 1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 105 Who dare think that the word (To such) is not rather inclusive as to them, then exclusive? 1665 T. Mall Offer of Farther Help 57 There are divers sorts of marks; some are exclusive..others are inclusive. 1670 G. Havers tr. G. Leti Il Cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa iii. iii. 328 He had not enough of the inclusive power. 1773 A. Murray Clear Display Trinity ii. iii. 203 The term Father includes the divine three: And it is said God is Holy, and God is a Spirit, which are likewise inclusive terms: Yet the terms Word and Son never include any more than one. 1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) I. 394 It is the nature of all human science and knowledge, to proceed most safely by negative and exclusive, to what is affirmative and inclusive. 1858 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 13 June in French & Ital. Notebks. (1980) 312 He has said enough..to put him at swords' points with sculptors of..every degree, between the two inclusive extremes of Phidias and Clarke Mills. 1941 Utah: Guide to State (Federal Writers' Project) ii. 238 High on the east facade is a tall arched niche with a gilded inscription, giving the inclusive dates, 1853–93, of the Temple's construction. 1990 InterCity Mag. Sept. 7/1 Beat the motorway blues with an admission-inclusive InterCity ticket to the Motor Show. 2009 Gulf War & Health 7 200 The 315 patients included 75 who were in the inclusive series with early epilepsy and 240 from the original 1,000 who did not have early epilepsy. b. With of, specifying what is included. ΚΠ 1625 W. Guild Ignis Fatuus 37 Paying the vtmost farthing, is meant..the full summe without the least want: and so it is not to be vnderstood exclusiue of the greatest part, but inclusiue of the least portion. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) i. 26 Philology..is..inclusive of all human liberal Studies. 1709 Brit. Apollo 27 May–1 June Those Words..wou'd be Inclusive of Perjury. 1780 M. Madan Thelyphthora II. vi. 7 Fornication..a general term inclusive of all illicit commerce between the sexes. 1844 S. C. Brees Let. 31 Jan. in New Zealand: Copies Extracts of Despatches (1845) 94 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 369) XXXIII. 239 The land coloured dark red on the plan, represents the land surveyed.., inclusive of the town of Wellington. 1872 J. G. Murphy Crit. Comm. Leviticus v. 21 Fraud..and oppression are inclusive of most wrong done to a neighbor. 1947 Forum (Johannesburg) 26 Apr. 46/1 (advt.) Fare is inclusive of personalised steward service throughout journey. 1982 A. A. Jongebreur in J. P. Signoret Welfare & Husb. Calves 139 Was the mortality rate that you mentioned not inclusive of stillbirths? 2000 Struct. Engineer 1 Feb. 5/2 Tickets cost..total £44.65, inclusive of table wines. 6. Grammar. Designating or relating to (the use of) a first person plural pronoun or possessive adjective when it includes both speaker and addressee (as in we can all go together). Opposed to exclusive (exclusive adj. and n. Additions).In some languages the inclusive and exclusive pronouns take different forms. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > pronoun > [adjective] > specific use of pronouns impersonal1803 exclusive1828 inclusive1828 royal1835 1828 W. Humboldt Ess. Affinities Oriental Lang. 7 Several American languages have two plural forms in the first person, an exclusive and an inclusive form, according as we would include or exclude the person addressed. 1889 Rep. 1st Meeting Australasian Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1888 483 The translator..has to consider, when he meets a we or an us,..whether it is inclusive or exclusive. 1946 L. Bloomfield in H. Hoijer et al. Ling. Struct. Native Amer. 94 Distinction of exclusive and inclusive first person plural: M[enominee] netaanenaw ‘our daughter’ (parent speaking to another person), ketaanen ‘our daughter’ (one parent speaking to another). 2000 N. Fairclough New Labour, New Lang. i. 35 There is a constant ambivalence..between exclusive and inclusive ‘we’—the pronoun can be taken as reference to the Government or to Britain (or the British). 7. a. Not excluding any person on the grounds of race, gender, religion, age, disability, etc.; encouraging or accommodating participation from all sections of society.gender-inclusive: see the first element. ΚΠ 1928 Rotarian Jan. 52/2 It wishes to establish new contacts that are more inclusive. It doesn't wish lawyers hobnobbing with lawyers; it wishes lawyers fellowshipping with lumbermen, bankers with bakers, priests with publishers. 1940 Jrnl. Bible & Relig. 8 70/1 It was by taking over the current individualism that early Christianity became a racially inclusive movement. 1965 Crisis Feb. 74 Mr. Johnson's Great Society is to be an inclusive society from which no American is barred solely because of his race, color, religion or national origin. 1993 B. Parramore in V. S. Wilson et al. Teaching Social Stud. 269 Schools..began to cope with a more inclusive school environment for minorities and pupils with special needs. 2005 Times Lit. Suppl. 14 Jan. 8/3 An inclusive vision of a South African society welcoming to people of all races. b. Designating language which seeks to avoid gender bias (such as that represented by the generic use of masculine pronouns), either by explicit reference to both sexes or by omission of inessential gender-specific terms; using language of this type; gender-neutral.Introduced in relation to the revision of the Bible and other Christian texts. ΚΠ 1977 J. Haugerud (title) The Word for us: the Gospels of John and Mark, Epistles to the Romans and the Galatians, restated in inclusive language. 1978 P. Trible God & Rhetoric of Sexuality p. xvii I want to use inclusive, rather than sexist, language in translation. 1991 Daughters of Sarah May 21/1 The head of our trustee commission, a man, made a motion that we rewrite the constitution using inclusive language. 1995 (title) The New Testament and Psalms: an inclusive version. 2006 C. Kroløkke & A. S. Sørensen Gender Communication Theories & Analyses iv. 74 The ungrammatical ‘they’ may seem awkward, and the ‘she or he’ cumbersome, but inclusive communication is more precise and therefore more direct. 8. Chiefly Logic and Linguistics. Designating or relating to (the use of) a disjunction (esp. ‘or’) forming compound statements which are true if and only if at least one of the component statements is true (with the possibility that both are true). Cf. earlier sense A.In some languages inclusive and exclusive disjunctions take different forms.In logic the symbol most commonly used to represent this disjunction is ∨, representing Latin vel. See inclusive or at OR n.² ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > predicate or propositional logic > [adjective] > of a function, operator, or variable predicative1906 unary1931 inclusive1940 one-argument1941 functorial1945 1940 W. V. Quine Math. Logic i. 12 When ‘or’ is used in the inclusive sense..the compound is regarded as true if at least one of the components is true. 1966 L. H. Hackstaff Syst. Formal Logic 17 ‘You can buy a hat either at Macy's or at Gimbels'.’.. When a statement of this kind is made the informant does not mean to exclude either possibility (or both). To assert such a statement is to use inclusive disjunction. The statement might be more clearly phrased, ‘You can buy a hat at Macy's and/or you can buy a hat at Gimbels'.’ 1984 Eng. in Afr. 11 76 It is..significant that Campbell in the last line of this fourth stanza should use the disjunctive ‘or’ (it could be read as either an exclusive or inclusive disjunctive). 2012 S. Crain Emergence of Meaning i. 58 Or is ambiguous between inclusive disjunction and exclusive disjunction. Compounds inclusive education n. Education (originally U.S.). education, or an educational policy, which includes all students, (now) esp. one that enables students with disabilities, special needs, or learning difficulties to be educated within mainstream schools; cf. inclusion n. 1c. ΚΠ 1970 C. Collins Concept Equality in Context Educ. Policies (Ph.D. thesis, Indiana Univ.) iv. 256 Proposal for community control of schools in black neighborhoods..are likely to be dismissed out of hand because they do not promise 'inclusive education'. 1989 Chance to Choose (Michigan Developmental Disabilities Council) 123 Community-referenced, inclusive education..will not only benefit students with disabilities. 1991 Phi Delta Kappan 73 327 Inclusive education programs do not maintain rigid divisions between regular and special education. 2015 Oxf. Dict. Educ. (ed. 2) (Electronic ed.) at Inclusion Tensions arise because there are contradictory educational policy imperatives both for inclusive education and for competition and selection. inclusive fitness n. Biology the fitness of an individual organism as measured by the survival and reproductive success of its kinship group, calculated according to an individual's reproductive success and that of its relatives weighted according to their degree of relatedness to the individual. See fitness n. Additions c(b). The theory of inclusive fitness is used to explain the genetic basis behind certain social behaviour, esp. altruism. Cf. group selection n. at group n. Compounds 2, kin selection n. at kin n.¹ Additions. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > evolution > [noun] > fitness to survive and reproduce > measures of Darwin1949 millidarwin1949 fitness1953 inclusive fitness1964 1963 W. D. Hamilton in Amer. Naturalist 97 355 Provided fitness is reckoned in terms of ‘inclusive’ genotype-reproduction, and the dilution due to unrelated genes is allowed for, the classical treatment of dominance and epistasis can be followed closely.] 1964 W. D. Hamilton in Jrnl. Theoret. Biol. 7 8 For an important class of genetic effects where the individual is supposed to dispense benefits to his neighbours,..the average inclusive fitness in the population will always increase. 1987 Panama City (Florida) News-Herald 13 Sept. b13/3 Inclusive fitness leads to a process of selection of males by females, because she has more to risk when mating–the pregnancy leaves her vulnerable to attack and disease and she must sacrifice more time to reproduce. 1997 J. C. Schuster & L. B. Schuster in Evol. Social Behaviour Insects & Arachnids xii. 265/2 The teneral adults..can work in pupal case building and repair, behaviour that augments the inclusive fitness of the teneral adults. 2010 New Scientist 2 Oct. 8/3 In theory, inclusive fitness makes it possible to calculate the extent of the spread of a given altruistic behaviour—such as staying with your parents to raise your siblings—through a population. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). inclusiveadv. Brit. /ɪnˈkluːsɪv/, /ɪŋˈkluːsɪv/, U.S. /ᵻnˈklusɪv/, /ɪŋˈklusɪv/ Forms: late Middle English– inclusive, 1500s inclusyue, 1500s–1600s inclusiue. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin inclusive. Etymology: < post-classical Latin inclusive (12th cent.; frequently from 13th cent. in British sources) < inclusivus inclusive adj. + classical Latin -ē , suffix forming adverbs. Compare Portuguese inclusive (15th cent.). Compare later inclusive adj., inclusively adv. With the inclusion of the stated items or limits. Frequently placed after the last of a range of numbers, dates, etc., to indicate the inclusion of the limits in the range (as 1 to 10 inclusive, Monday to Friday inclusive). Cf. inclusively adv. 1.In North American. English it is also common to use through to indicate the inclusion of such limits (as Monday through Friday); see through prep. 9b. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > condition or state of being inclusive > [adverb] > the term or limit named being included inclusivea1425 inclusively?a1475 a1425 ( H. Daniel Liber Uricrisiarum (Wellcome 225) 238 (MED) Phisiciens..divisys þe day naturel..into 4 quarteres: Þe 1 quarter is fra þe 9 oure of þe nyȝt exclusive..[to] þe 3 houre of þe usuel inclusive. 1443 in Hull Bench Bk. 3 f. 24 With ye Dynges, the Preest chaumbres, and all the kirke garth except ye South side with Olde Kirkelane inclusive. 1515 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) I. 261 Fra þe xiiij day forsaid inclusiue, to xx day of þe samyn exclusiue. 1593 in W. S. Cooper Charters Royal Burgh Ayr* (1883) 118 Fra the..ingres of the said watter upwart to the Craigweill of Grenane inclusive. 1624 J. Skinner True Relation Proc. against Eng. at Amboyna iii. 32 The examination continued six daies together, euen to the third of March inclusiue. 1676 J. Collins Let. May in I. Newton Corr. (1960) II. 16 Mr Newton solves all æquations betweene the 5 and 9th degree inclusive. 1726 J. Swift Cadenus & Vanessa 10 I'll search where ev'ry Virtue dwells, From Courts inclusive, down to Cells. 1782 S. Wart Let. 30 Sept. in J. Judd Corr. Van Cortlandt Family (1977) 477 To forrage for two horses from the first of June to the last of Sep^r. inclusive is 122. Days. 1838 A. De Morgan Ess. Probabilities 77 In 200 tosses, what is the chance that the number of heads shall lie between 97 and 103, both inclusive? 1873 P. G. Hamerton Intellect. Life (1875) xi. v. 427 From Monday till Saturday inclusive. 1946 Cosmopolitan Oct. 84 (advt.) Model cars submitted by boys of 12–19 inclusive. 1981 B. J. Gelles Peshat & Derash in Exegesis of Rashi 80 For less than half the book of Job, viz. up to chapter 15 inclusive, [etc.]. 2012 Tasmanian Country (Nexis) 6 Apr. 2 Open for tasting Friday–Monday inclusive over the Easter break. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1533adv.a1425
随便看	interscendent interscendental interscene interscholastic interschool interschools intersciatic interscind interscindent interscribe interscript interscription interseam intersecant intersecation intersect intersectant intersected intersecting intersection intersectional intersectionality intersections intersects intersegment

inclusiven.adj.

Compounds

inclusiveadv.