abessiveadj.n.

Brit.

/əˈbɛsɪv/, U.S.

/əˈbɛsɪv/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin abesse , -ive suffix.

Etymology: < classical Latin abesse to be absent, to be away, to be elsewhere, to be distant ( < ab- ab- prefix + esse to be: see esse n.) + -ive suffix.

Grammar.

A. adj.

Designating, being in, or relating to a case in certain Finno-Ugric languages, esp. Finnish, which expresses the absence of something.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [adjective] > other spec.

polyptote1656

instrumental case1801

allative1831

adessive1852

abessive1854

instructive1857

caritive1860

comitative1860

juxtapositive1880

similative1884

illative1890

translative1890

introessive1903

perlative1937

lative1939

patient1939

ergative1943

elative1951

non-objective1954

superessive1971

1854 W. Barnes Philol. Gram. 119 A thing without another with which it is named in a sentence, is in a case which may be called the abessive or ‘wherewithout’ case; as, ‘I walked without John,’ ‘I wrote without a pen.’

1875 Amer. Cycl. XI. 58/1 A number of particles are used to designate nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, locative, social, abessive, and ablative cases.

1947 Slavonic & East European Rev. 25 438 The morphological resemblances may be seen by comparing the nominative, essive, inessive, elative, and abessive cases..with their counterparts in Finnish.

1994 C. Moseley Colloquial Estonian x. 89 By the end of this lesson you should..know and be able to use the abessive case.

B. n.

The abessive case; a word, form, etc., in the abessive case.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > other specific cases

ablativec1400

instrumental1801

prepositional1824

allative1854

adessive1855

sociative1859

comitative1860

terminative1865

abessive1869

common case1869

translative1869

instructive1879

essive1890

transitional case1890

superessive1895

prepositional case1897

similative1903

lative1939

perlative1953

elative1959

1869 Trans. Lit. & Hist. Soc. Quebec 1867-9 6 49 The Abessive denotes the want or loss of something, as kirijata, without a book (from the stem kirja, a book).

1890 C. Eliot Finnish Gram. 132 The comitative and abessive express respectively the presence and absence of an object.

1958 Slavonic & East European Rev. 36 528 Thirteen cases, including the nominative, are enumerated [in the Cheremiss language]. These include the instructive, comitative, and abessive.

2009 A. Malchukov & A. Spencer Oxf. Handbk. of Case p. xxvi She has co-authored a variety of publications on dependent-marking in Latvian, comitatives and abessives, etc.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	abessive
释义	abessiveadj.n. Brit. /əˈbɛsɪv/, U.S. /əˈbɛsɪv/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin abesse , -ive suffix. Etymology: < classical Latin abesse to be absent, to be away, to be elsewhere, to be distant ( < ab- ab- prefix + esse to be: see esse n.) + -ive suffix. Grammar. A. adj. Designating, being in, or relating to a case in certain Finno-Ugric languages, esp. Finnish, which expresses the absence of something. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [adjective] > other spec. polyptote1656 instrumental case1801 allative1831 adessive1852 abessive1854 instructive1857 caritive1860 comitative1860 juxtapositive1880 similative1884 illative1890 translative1890 introessive1903 perlative1937 lative1939 patient1939 ergative1943 elative1951 non-objective1954 superessive1971 1854 W. Barnes Philol. Gram. 119 A thing without another with which it is named in a sentence, is in a case which may be called the abessive or ‘wherewithout’ case; as, ‘I walked without John,’ ‘I wrote without a pen.’ 1875 Amer. Cycl. XI. 58/1 A number of particles are used to designate nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, locative, social, abessive, and ablative cases. 1947 Slavonic & East European Rev. 25 438 The morphological resemblances may be seen by comparing the nominative, essive, inessive, elative, and abessive cases..with their counterparts in Finnish. 1994 C. Moseley Colloquial Estonian x. 89 By the end of this lesson you should..know and be able to use the abessive case. B. n. The abessive case; a word, form, etc., in the abessive case. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > other specific cases ablativec1400 instrumental1801 prepositional1824 allative1854 adessive1855 sociative1859 comitative1860 terminative1865 abessive1869 common case1869 translative1869 instructive1879 essive1890 transitional case1890 superessive1895 prepositional case1897 similative1903 lative1939 perlative1953 elative1959 1869 Trans. Lit. & Hist. Soc. Quebec 1867-9 6 49 The Abessive denotes the want or loss of something, as kirijata, without a book (from the stem kirja, a book). 1890 C. Eliot Finnish Gram. 132 The comitative and abessive express respectively the presence and absence of an object. 1958 Slavonic & East European Rev. 36 528 Thirteen cases, including the nominative, are enumerated [in the Cheremiss language]. These include the instructive, comitative, and abessive. 2009 A. Malchukov & A. Spencer Oxf. Handbk. of Case p. xxvi She has co-authored a variety of publications on dependent-marking in Latvian, comitatives and abessives, etc. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.1854
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