释义 |
† inneadv.prep.Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: A merging of two distinct words, reflecting differently suffixed forms of the same Germanic base: (i) Old English innan , adverb and preposition, ‘(from) within, inside, into’, innane , adverb, ‘within, inside’, cognate with Old Frisian inna adverb and preposition (East Frisian inne , North Frisian inne ), Old Dutch innana , adverb (Middle Dutch innen ), Old Saxon innan , adverb and preposition (Middle Low German innen ), Old High German innan , adverb and preposition, innana , adverb (Middle High German innen , German innen ), Old Icelandic innan , adverb and preposition, Old Danish innan , adverb and preposition (Danish inden ), Old Swedish innan , adverb and preposition (Swedish innan ), Gothic innana < the Germanic base of in adv. + a Germanic suffix forming adverbs expressing motion ‘from’ (compare outen adv.); the original sense ‘from within’ is preserved in Gothic, Old Icelandic, (rarely) Old Swedish, and (rarely) Old English (in other older stages of Germanic the semantic broadening to ‘within, inside’ and ‘into’ is already complete; compare note); (ii) Old English inne , adverb, ‘within, inside’, cognate with Old Frisian inne , adverb (East Frisian inne ), Old Dutch inne , adverb (Middle Dutch inne , early modern Dutch inne ), Old Saxon inna , inne , adverb (Middle Low German inne ), Old High German inna , inni , inne , adverb and preposition (Middle High German inne ), Old Icelandic inni , adverb, Old Danish inni , innæ , adverb (Danish inde ), Old Swedish inne , adverb (Swedish inne ), Gothic inna < the Germanic base of in adv. + a Germanic adverbial suffix with locative sense seen also in Old English ūte (see out adv., int., and prep.).These two Old English words reflect Germanic formations that were originally different in sense, forming part of a suffixal pattern (inn ~ inne ~ innan ) that is also seen in certain other adverbs of place: the form without suffix (inn in adv.) originally expressed motion to a place, the form with suffix -e position in a place, and the form with suffix -an motion from a place; compare ūt ~ ūte ~ ūtan (see out adv., outen adv.). However, it is debatable to what extent such a clear-cut mapping of form to sense ever existed in Old English; certainly, by the time of attested Old English much semantic blurring has taken place. Only traces remain of the original sense ‘from within’ of innan , whose more usual senses are ‘within, inside’ and ‘into’; inne likewise is used indiscriminately of position ‘within, inside’ and motion ‘into’ a place. In fact, the main difference between the two words is that innan is both an adverb and a preposition, whereas inne is only an adverb (although see below for apparent prepositional use in certain specific contexts). The two words fell together formally in early Middle English as inne (by the end of the 13th cent.). After final -e ceased to be pronounced (in the 13th cent in northern Middle English and Older Scots, and in the 14th cent. in southern Middle English), instances of inne (and ynne ) are perhaps to be interpreted as merely variant spellings of in (see in adv., in prep.). Notes on forms. In common with other Old English adverbs in -an , innan has a by-form innane with final -e (compare e.g. ūtane outen adv.). The α. forms show Old English innan and its reflexes; the β. forms partly show Old English inne and its reflexes and partly derive from the α. forms with loss of final -n . Use as preposition in β forms. In use as preposition in β. forms earliest (in Old English) postpositively at the end of a relative clause, where its object is the relative pronoun at the head of the clause (compare examples at B. 1a β), a usage which (at least in Old English) is sometimes alternatively interpreted as showing the adverb; compare discussion in B. Mitchell Old Eng. Syntax (1985) §§1060–80, esp. §§1064, 1076 (Mitchell favours the general term prepositional adverb and the specific term postposition for this particular usage), and also discussion of ‘preposition stranding’, specifically in relative clauses, in D. Ringe & A. Taylor Devel. Old Eng. (2014) 445. In Middle English this usage is very common, as is also simple postpositive use in verse (compare e.g. quot. c1330 at sense B. 1aβ. ). Straightforward prepositional use governing a following noun (as e.g. in quots. a1225 at sense B. 1aβ. , c1475 at sense B. 3β. ) probably reflects Old English innan. Obsolete. A. adv.the world > space > relative position > condition of being internal > [adverb] > within α. eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory (Hatton) (1871) lvii. 439 Forðæm oft, ðonne hi oferswiðað utane ða lytlan scylda, hi aðindað innane [other MSS innan] on idlum gilpe. OE (2008) 2331 Breost innan weoll þeostrum geþoncum. OE (1931) 1322 Geseah..wærfæst metod geofonhusa mæst gearo hlifigean, innan and utan eorðan lime gefæstnod wið flode, fær Noes. OE (Corpus Cambr.) vii. 21 Innan of manna heortan yfele geþancas cumað. c1175 ( (Bodl. 343) (1894) 30 Þet hus..wearð al innan on brune of ðare þruh ðe heo on læȝ. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1978) l. 10555 Þer wes innen [c1300 Otho ine] igrauen mid rede golde stauen. an on-licnes deore of Drihtenes moder. β. eOE tr. Bede (Tanner) ii. ix. 128 Hwæðer he wacode þe slepe, & hwæðer he þe ute þe inne wære.eOE Prose Charm: Against Devil & Insanity (Royal 12 D.xvii) in G. Storms (1948) 260 Sie se drenc þær inne, þær se seoca man inne sie.OE Acct. Voy. Ohthere & Wulfstan in tr. Orosius (Tiber.) (1980) i. i. 17 Þonne þær bið man dead,..he lið inne unforbærned mid his magum.a1170 ( Writ of Edward the Confessor, Abingdon (Sawyer 1065) in S. E. Kelly (2001) 572 Eadward king gret..his heorlas & þeignas þe on þam scyran syndon þe Ordric abbud hæf land inne.c1225 (?c1200) (Bodl.) (1934) 24 To beore me in-to his balefule hole þer he wuneð inne.1340 (1866) 203 Þer ne may go oute of þe uete, bote zuych ase þer is inne.a1400 (a1325) (Trin. Cambr.) l. 1674 Plastre hit [sc. the timber] wel wiþoute & ynne.?a1425 (c1400) (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 83 The contree is not worthi houndes to duell jnne.a1525 (?1456) (1908) II. 292 (MED) The seyde Meyre payd to Joh. Wedurby of Leycetur..for þe provicion..of these premisses of the welcomyng of..the quene, & for his labour Inne & out xxv s.1573 G. Harvey Schollers Loove in (1884) 114 And as for the Syr Lowte That playdst inne and owte; A dogg in ye maunger, A very ranke raunger.the world > space > relative position > condition of being internal > [adverb] OE (2008) 1281 Þa ðær sona wearð edhwyrft eorlum, siþðan inne fealh Grendles modor. OE Wærferð tr. Gregory (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) i. ix. 59 Þa weaxendan winu woldon feallan ofer þa fatu on þone flor, gif se biscop þa gyt lættra wære, þæt he inne [OE Otho in, OE Hatton inn] eode. c1380 (1879) l. 1347 It were ful hard wyþ assaut to comen inne. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) iv. l. 14 Thus bringth he many a meschief inne [rhyme beginne]. a1400 (a1325) (Trin. Cambr.) l. 13789 I ne may to þat watir wynne For oþere goon bifore me Inne. a1450 (?a1300) (Caius) (1810) l. 3303 So that ye lat us inne come. 1486 sig. eij A Rowte of wolues where thay passin inne. ?1530 xxxiii. sig. K.ivv And as he went ouir a brygge he slode and fell inne, and was drownyd. B. prep.In β. forms earliest and frequently in postpositive use: see etymological note. 1. α. eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory (Hatton) (1871) xlvii. 359 Gif he ær..innan his geðance of Godes gesiehðe ne afeolle, ðonne ne become he no utane to ðæm sæde ðære [wrohte]. OE (Corpus Cambr.) ix. 10 Þa he sæt innan huse [c1200 Hatton innen huse; OE Lindisf. Gospels in hus; OE Rushw. Gospels in huse; L. in domo]. OE (Tiber. B.iv) anno 789 He wæs bebyrged on Hagustaldesee innan þære cyrican. OE (1932) cxlii. 4 Is me ænige [read ænge] gast innan hreðres. c1175 ( (Bodl. 343) (1894) 28 Hine innon hire aȝene huse on stænene ðruh..biburiȝen het. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 43 Innan þan sea weren .vii. bittere uþe. β. eOE tr. Orosius (BL Add.) (1980) vi. xiv. 142 An þunor toslog hiora Capitoliam, þæt hus þe hiora godas inne wæron & hiora diofolgield.lOE (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 1070 Þa com an mycel storm & todræfede ealle þa scipe þær þa gersumes wæron inne.a1161 Royal Charter: Henry II to Certain Bishops, Earls, Sheriffs, & Thegns in J. Hall (1920) I. 12 On þan sciran þe teobalt ercebisceop & se hiret..habbad land inne.a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 3 Þer drihten rad inne þe weye.c1330 (?a1300) (1886) l. 571 His chaumber he liþ inne.c1390 (a1376) W. Langland (Vernon) (1867) A. i. l. 163 As a Laumpe þat no liht is Inne.?a1425 (c1400) (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 9 In the hows þat it is jnne.OE (Junius) 42 And on worulda woruld wunað and rixað cyning innan wuldre and his þa gecorenan. c1175 (Burchfield transcript) l. 19036 Her i þiss crisstenndomess lif Þatt cristess hird iss inne. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 21 He wuneð inne fule sunne. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1963) l. 229 Þat Dardanisc kun..woneð in þisse londe..inne [c1300 Otho in] þeowe-dome. c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 942 in C. Horstmann (1887) 133 Þe furste offiz is propre inov to þe stat þat he was Inne. c1330 (Auch.) (1991) l. 463 Þe wo þat we beþ inne. a1400 (a1325) (Trin. Cambr.) l. 4051 (MED) Of þo periles þat he was Inne, Sumwhat to telle I shal bigynne. a1425 J. Wyclif (1871) II. 222 (MED) Poul meneþ bi þis sleep synne þat foolis lyven ynne. ?a1475 (1922) 31 (MED) Ȝe may come to þat blysse þat hym self is inne. α. OE (Tiber. B.i) anno 1016 Her on þissum geare com Cnut mid his here & Eadric ealdorman mid him..& wendon þa to Wærincwicscire innan ðære middanwintres tide & heregodon & bærndon & slogon eal þæt hi to comon. OE (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) xx. 11 (rubric) Ðis godspel gebirað on þunresdæg innan þære easterucan. ?a1160 (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1154 Þat ilce dæi þat Martin abbot of Burch sculde þider faren, þa sæclede he & ward ded..& te munekes innen dæis cusen oþer of heomsælf. β. lOE Writ of Edward the Confessor, Westminster (Sawyer 1125) in F. E. Harmer (1952) 348 Ic kyþe eow þæt ic habbe gegifen him saca & socne, toll & team, griþbryce & hamsocne, & foresteal, inne tid & ut of tid, binnan burh & butan.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1963) l. 195 Hit ilomp inne lut ȝere þat þe fader wes dead.1334–5 ( Writ of Edward the Confessor, Ramsey (Sawyer 1109) in F. E. Harmer (1952) 259 Sanctus Benedictus habbe..ealle þa gyltes þa belimpeð to mine kinehelme inne Iol, & inne Easterne, & inne þa hali wuca æt gangdagas,..alswa ic heo me seolf ahe.a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng (Harl.) l. 9177 Þat houre þat he cursed hem ynne, Þe [emended in ed. to Þat] same oure þey ȝede atwynne.a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iii. l. 657 This were a weder for to slepen Inne.a1500 (?c1450) i. 18 The tyme..that I was ynne conceyved.?1537 Hugh of Caumpedene tr. sig. I.iijv And for to wasshe the mekyl synne That the world that tyme was inne.α. eOE (Parker) anno 868 Her for se ilca here innan Mierce to Snotengaham. OE (Corpus Cambr.) xxi. 21 Ahefe þe upp & feall innan þa sæ. ?a1200 (?OE) (1896) 11 Do eal þys innan anne niwne croccan. c1250 ( Royal Charter: Eadwig to Nuns of Wilton (Sawyer 582) in W. de G. Birch (1893) III. 84 Þanne aet þare diche ende hit byhð east aenne aeker innan Ælfheages land. β. OE (Junius 85/86) (Dict. Old Eng. transcript) And we geearnian..þæt we mid þe moton feran..inne ðæt upplice wuldor and ðæs brucan mid þinum gecorenum ænglum.c1175 (Burchfield transcript) l. 3530 Þatt hus þatt bræd iss inne don.?a1200 (?OE) (1896) 5 Wring þanne garleyc inne þa earre alche dæȝ.a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 27 Ne þe deofel mey nefre cumen in-ne him for his gode werkes.c1330 (?a1300) (1886) l. 683 A baþ þai brouȝt rohand inne.c1390 (a1376) W. Langland (Vernon) (1867) A. vii. l. 291 (MED) Þo nolde..no Beggere eten Bred þat Benes Inne coome.c1475 (a1400) Sir Amadace (Taylor) in J. Robson (1842) 36 (MED) Lette the cors go inne his graue.c1500 J. Lydgate Stans Puer (Ashm.) in F. J. Furnivall (1869) 57 (MED) Ne no man off hym reiosynge will haue, Yn what lond of crysdome þat he commys Inne.1545 J. Bale f. 15v He by his meane. Hath banyshed cleane. Out of that coste. The holye ghoste. And hath brought inne. Lyberte and synne.?1548 sig. A.ivv To euery of these pety Bouget men of Lawe..a Bouget to put inne their Sub Penas.?a1425 (c1400) (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 110 Þei maken ymages lych to þo thinges þat þei han beleeue jnne. c1450 (c1350) (Bodl.) (1929) l. 597 For love of þe Lord þat we leven inne. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adv.prep.eOE |