abradev.

Brit.

/əˈbreɪd/, U.S.

/əˈbreɪd/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin abrādere.

Etymology: < classical Latin abrādere to remove by rubbing, rub or scrape off, to remove by erosion, to shave or shave off, to injure by scraping, in post-classical Latin also to erase (frequently from 11th cent. in British sources) < ab- ab- prefix + rādere to scrape (see raze v.).

1. transitive. To wear down or smooth by rubbing or scraping; to damage the surface of (the skin, etc.) by such action. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (intransitive)] > polish or rub smooth

abrade1675

polish1715

1675 G. Harvey Dis. of London xxv. 269 This Tunic [sc. the Tunica Mucosa] if at any time it be abraded, occasions great Pains, Vellications, continual Singultitions, and enormous Vomitings.

1712 Philos. Trans. 1710–12 (Royal Soc.) 27 115 If these Teeth are not expell'd, yet their Surface by degrees is abraded.

1745 E. Haywood Female Spectator III. 117 Alternatives, which should pass..into the subclavian Vein, in order to purify the Blood and abrade the Points of any sharp or viscous Particles which the Poyson might have thrown into it.

1804 Ann. Rev. & Hist. Lit. 1803 2 336 A hackneyed clamouring for religion and order will not abrade the popularity..of a French government.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. i. 11 To dogs famishing..frozen food often proves fatal, abrading the stomach and œsophagus.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 870 Strait-jackets are a survival of the dark ages, and leather wrist-bands and bandages abrade the skin.

1931 V. Woolf Waves 39 My heart turns rough; it abrades my side like a file with two edges.

1976 S. Judson et al. Physical Geol. xv. 361/2 In areas of wind-driven sand, rock is often abraded by the sand.

1997 J. Sherman & S. Shwartz Vulcan's Forge viii. 96 Spock reached for a communicator..heedless of fingers that only now he realized had been abraded in the struggle.

2. transitive. To remove or loosen by rubbing or scraping.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (transitive)] > scrape > scrape off or away

scrapea1382

razea1387

abradea1676

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 95 What is successively abraded from them [sc. mountains] by decursion of Waters.

1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) at Abstergent Abstergents or Abstersive medicines..abrade and wipe away such mucous particles as they meet in their passage.

1799 R. Kirwan Geol. Ess. 478 The molecules of soil abraded and carried from some spots are often annually recruited by vegetation.

1863 Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. 7 116 The extensive alluvial plains of Ethiopia..have thus been abraded and carried down by the Nile to form and fertilize Lower Egypt.

1945 Ann. Reg. 1944 376 Chemically inert dusts which abrade the epicuticular wax film and so cause the insect's death.

1980 Village Squire Oct. 14/1 Grit blasters, grinders, and sanding discs all operate by abrading the dirt off the surface of the masonry.

2005 Lewiston (Idaho) Morning Tribune (Nexis) 3 Jan. 6 b Suspended soil in the runoff water abrades and detaches additional soil particles as the water travels overland.

3. intransitive. To become abraded; to wear or rub away.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > become obliterated [verb (intransitive)]

to grow out1716

dislimn1833

abrade1855

1855 J. G. Baker Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. 3 Eugeogenous formations are those which abrade easily, and yield an abundant superficial detritus.

1890 C. Dixon Stray Feathers xvi Birds which assume many nuptial ornaments in spring, gorgets, plumes, and crests, which drop out or abrade as soon as the pairing season has passed.

1956 Geogr. Jrnl. 122 246 The character of the rocks of the area, largely basalts, is responsible for the type of sand and the ease with which it abrades.

2002 Fine Woodworking Mar.–Apr. 33/1 As each tooth slices through wood, the cutting edge slowly abrades until it no longer cuts as cleanly or easily as it once did.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	abrade
释义	abradev. Brit. /əˈbreɪd/, U.S. /əˈbreɪd/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin abrādere. Etymology: < classical Latin abrādere to remove by rubbing, rub or scrape off, to remove by erosion, to shave or shave off, to injure by scraping, in post-classical Latin also to erase (frequently from 11th cent. in British sources) < ab- ab- prefix + rādere to scrape (see raze v.). 1. transitive. To wear down or smooth by rubbing or scraping; to damage the surface of (the skin, etc.) by such action. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (intransitive)] > polish or rub smooth abrade1675 polish1715 1675 G. Harvey Dis. of London xxv. 269 This Tunic [sc. the Tunica Mucosa] if at any time it be abraded, occasions great Pains, Vellications, continual Singultitions, and enormous Vomitings. 1712 Philos. Trans. 1710–12 (Royal Soc.) 27 115 If these Teeth are not expell'd, yet their Surface by degrees is abraded. 1745 E. Haywood Female Spectator III. 117 Alternatives, which should pass..into the subclavian Vein, in order to purify the Blood and abrade the Points of any sharp or viscous Particles which the Poyson might have thrown into it. 1804 Ann. Rev. & Hist. Lit. 1803 2 336 A hackneyed clamouring for religion and order will not abrade the popularity..of a French government. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. i. 11 To dogs famishing..frozen food often proves fatal, abrading the stomach and œsophagus. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 870 Strait-jackets are a survival of the dark ages, and leather wrist-bands and bandages abrade the skin. 1931 V. Woolf Waves 39 My heart turns rough; it abrades my side like a file with two edges. 1976 S. Judson et al. Physical Geol. xv. 361/2 In areas of wind-driven sand, rock is often abraded by the sand. 1997 J. Sherman & S. Shwartz Vulcan's Forge viii. 96 Spock reached for a communicator..heedless of fingers that only now he realized had been abraded in the struggle. 2. transitive. To remove or loosen by rubbing or scraping. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > rubbing or friction > rub [verb (transitive)] > scrape > scrape off or away scrapea1382 razea1387 abradea1676 a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 95 What is successively abraded from them [sc. mountains] by decursion of Waters. 1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) at Abstergent Abstergents or Abstersive medicines..abrade and wipe away such mucous particles as they meet in their passage. 1799 R. Kirwan Geol. Ess. 478 The molecules of soil abraded and carried from some spots are often annually recruited by vegetation. 1863 Proc. Royal Geogr. Soc. 7 116 The extensive alluvial plains of Ethiopia..have thus been abraded and carried down by the Nile to form and fertilize Lower Egypt. 1945 Ann. Reg. 1944 376 Chemically inert dusts which abrade the epicuticular wax film and so cause the insect's death. 1980 Village Squire Oct. 14/1 Grit blasters, grinders, and sanding discs all operate by abrading the dirt off the surface of the masonry. 2005 Lewiston (Idaho) Morning Tribune (Nexis) 3 Jan. 6 b Suspended soil in the runoff water abrades and detaches additional soil particles as the water travels overland. 3. intransitive. To become abraded; to wear or rub away. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > become obliterated [verb (intransitive)] to grow out1716 dislimn1833 abrade1855 1855 J. G. Baker Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. 3 Eugeogenous formations are those which abrade easily, and yield an abundant superficial detritus. 1890 C. Dixon Stray Feathers xvi Birds which assume many nuptial ornaments in spring, gorgets, plumes, and crests, which drop out or abrade as soon as the pairing season has passed. 1956 Geogr. Jrnl. 122 246 The character of the rocks of the area, largely basalts, is responsible for the type of sand and the ease with which it abrades. 2002 Fine Woodworking Mar.–Apr. 33/1 As each tooth slices through wood, the cutting edge slowly abrades until it no longer cuts as cleanly or easily as it once did. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.1675
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