Indian summern.

Brit.

/ˈɪndɪən ˈsʌmə/, U.S.

/ˈɪndiən ˈsəmər/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: Indian adj., summer n.¹

Etymology: < Indian adj. + summer n.¹The origin of the expression is uncertain. It may echo the use of Indian adj. in compounds such as Indian corn n., Indian bread n., etc. which denote something other than that normally denoted by the simplex, sometimes with derogatory connotations of being substitute or ersatz. Alternatively, the expression may have arisen from the fact that the region in which the meteorological conditions in question were originally noticed was still occupied by the Indians. In its origin it appears to have had nothing to do with the glowing autumnal tints of the foliage, with which it is sometimes associated. The actual time of its occurrence and the character of the weather also vary for different regions. For other early suggestions about the origin of the expression compare:1812 J. Freeman Serm. viii. 277–8 (note) Two or three weeks of fair weather, in which the air is perfectly transparent, and the clouds, which float in a sky of the purest azure, are adorned with brilliant colours... This charming season is called the Indian Summer, a name which is derived from the natives, who believe that it is caused by a wind, which comes immediately from the court of their great and benevolent God Cautantowwit, or the south-western God.1824 J. Doddridge Notes Virginia & Pennsylv. 266 The smokey time commenced and lasted for a considerable number of days. This was the Indian summer, because it afforded the Indians another opportunity of visiting the settlements with their destructive warfare.

Originally North American.

1. A period of unusually calm dry warm weather, often accompanied by a hazy atmosphere, occurring in late autumn in the northern United States and Canada; a similar period of unseasonably warm autumnal weather elsewhere. Also as a mass noun.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > period > year > season > [noun] > periods of unseasonal weather

Michaelmas spring1557

All-Hallown Summer1598

St Martin's Summera1616

autumn-spring1639

go-summer1649

Indian summer1790

squaw winter1847

All Saints' Summer1861

Martin's summer1864

Martinmas summer1881

1790 J. Harmer Jrnl. 21 Oct. in Ohio Archaeol. & Hist. Q. (1911) 20 92 Fine weather—Indian summer.

1794 E. Denny Mil. Jrnl. (1859) 198 Oct. 13th—Pleasant weather. The Indian summer here [i.e. near Presqu' Isle]. Frosty nights.

a1813 J. H. St. J. de Crèvecoeur More Lett. from Amer. Farmer (1995) 143 The..Coat of snow which is soon to follow,..is often preceeded by a short Interval of Smoke & Mildness, called the Indian Summer.

1837 H. W. Longfellow Drift-wood in Prose Wks. (1886) I. 324 There is..no long and lingering autumn, pompous with many-coloured leaves and the glow of Indian summers.

1878 G. Meredith Let. 9 Oct. (1970) II. 563 Perhaps you and Mrs. Carr will do us the honour to come and see the Indian summer here.

1956 G. Metalious Peyton Place i. i. 1 Indian summer is like a woman. Ripe, hotly passionate, but fickle.

1958 H. M. Hayward & M. Harari tr. B. Pasternak Dr. Zhivago i. iv. 110 The end of a hot golden autumn had turned into an Indian summer.

1962 Sunday Times 16 Sept. 1/3 An Indian summer in the West Country brought peak holiday traffic jams in Devon yesterday.

2003 Frontiers in Ecol. & Environment 1 508/1 A phone conversation I had.., in the thick of Indian summer, sweltering in my northern California kitchen.

2. figurative. A late period in the life of a person or in the existence of a nation, culture, etc., characterized by calm, happiness, or achievement.

ΚΠ

1832 Suppl. Connecticut Courant 11 Sept. 100/2 These last thirty years of life have passed away in serenity and happiness... He has enjoyed, as it were, an Indian summer of existence.

1857 T. De Quincey R. Bentley (rev. ed.) in Select. Grave & Gay VII. 180 An Indian summer crept stealthily over his closing days.

1899 A. Austin Indian Summer Long may the Indian Summer of your days Yet linger in the Land you love so well!

1930 V. Sackville-West Edwardians iii. 100 Meanwhile she was quite content that Sebastian should become tanned in the rays of Sylvia's Indian summer.

1939 A. Toynbee Study of Hist. VI. 193 A Guptan ‘Indian Summer’..was followed..by the blight of an irruption of Eurasian Nomads.

1962 N. Del Mar Richard Strauss I. ix. 418 The works of his Indian Summer when, in the last five years of his life, inspiration came to him once more.

2000 J. McGuckin in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 132/2 The twilight of the 13th century witnessed a brilliant flourishing in art, architecture, and literature in Constantinople. The surviving church of St Saviour in Chora..is a symbol of this Indian summer.

Compounds

General attributive, as Indian summer day, Indian summer heat, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > period > year > season > [adjective] > contrary to the seasonal norm > unseasonal weather

Indian summer1822

1822 F. Beasley Search of Truth in Sci. of Human Mind iv. iii. 429 On one of our Indian summer-days.

1856 H. B. Stowe Dred II. 221 It is a calm, still, Indian summer afternoon.

1883 E. P. Roe in Harper's Mag. Dec. 46/1 A perpetual Indian-summer haze of kindliness.

1927 M. de la Roche Jalna xvii. 190 The drowsy Indian-summer heat still continued, but the air had become heavier.

1961 M. Beadle These Ruins are Inhabited (1963) vii. 97 Homeward bound in a lackadaisical Indian-summer mood.

2006 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. Sentinel (Nexis) 29 Oct. b2 Many folks have been calling or e-mailing me about the lack of Indian Summer weather this autumn season.

Derivatives

ˌIndian-ˈsummerish adj.

ΚΠ

1852 H. D. Thoreau Jrnl. 24 Nov. (2009) VII. 174 One or 2 of the fairest days being Indian summerish.

1991 Times (Nexis) 14 Oct. Workmen were spotted in Regent Street last week erecting Christmas decorations, and that on a day when the weather was passably Indian-summerish.

ˌIndian ˈsummer-like adj.

ΚΠ

1845 S. F. Cooper Elinor Wyllys I. xvi. 252 The next day proved so mild, so hazy, and Indian-summer-like, that Hazlehurst proposed to take advantage of it.

1898 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Romance of Canvas Town 71 Cool nights, bracing mornings and mild Indian-summer-like days.

2007 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 11 Nov. c1 This weekend's Indian summer-like weather may be the last chance for folks to enjoy shirt sleeves and sunshine.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	indian summer
释义	Indian summern. Brit. /ˈɪndɪən ˈsʌmə/, U.S. /ˈɪndiən ˈsəmər/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: Indian adj., summer n.¹ Etymology: < Indian adj. + summer n.¹The origin of the expression is uncertain. It may echo the use of Indian adj. in compounds such as Indian corn n., Indian bread n., etc. which denote something other than that normally denoted by the simplex, sometimes with derogatory connotations of being substitute or ersatz. Alternatively, the expression may have arisen from the fact that the region in which the meteorological conditions in question were originally noticed was still occupied by the Indians. In its origin it appears to have had nothing to do with the glowing autumnal tints of the foliage, with which it is sometimes associated. The actual time of its occurrence and the character of the weather also vary for different regions. For other early suggestions about the origin of the expression compare:1812 J. Freeman Serm. viii. 277–8 (note) Two or three weeks of fair weather, in which the air is perfectly transparent, and the clouds, which float in a sky of the purest azure, are adorned with brilliant colours... This charming season is called the Indian Summer, a name which is derived from the natives, who believe that it is caused by a wind, which comes immediately from the court of their great and benevolent God Cautantowwit, or the south-western God.1824 J. Doddridge Notes Virginia & Pennsylv. 266 The smokey time commenced and lasted for a considerable number of days. This was the Indian summer, because it afforded the Indians another opportunity of visiting the settlements with their destructive warfare. Originally North American. 1. A period of unusually calm dry warm weather, often accompanied by a hazy atmosphere, occurring in late autumn in the northern United States and Canada; a similar period of unseasonably warm autumnal weather elsewhere. Also as a mass noun. ΘΚΠ the world > time > period > year > season > [noun] > periods of unseasonal weather Michaelmas spring1557 All-Hallown Summer1598 St Martin's Summera1616 autumn-spring1639 go-summer1649 Indian summer1790 squaw winter1847 All Saints' Summer1861 Martin's summer1864 Martinmas summer1881 1790 J. Harmer Jrnl. 21 Oct. in Ohio Archaeol. & Hist. Q. (1911) 20 92 Fine weather—Indian summer. 1794 E. Denny Mil. Jrnl. (1859) 198 Oct. 13th—Pleasant weather. The Indian summer here [i.e. near Presqu' Isle]. Frosty nights. a1813 J. H. St. J. de Crèvecoeur More Lett. from Amer. Farmer (1995) 143 The..Coat of snow which is soon to follow,..is often preceeded by a short Interval of Smoke & Mildness, called the Indian Summer. 1837 H. W. Longfellow Drift-wood in Prose Wks. (1886) I. 324 There is..no long and lingering autumn, pompous with many-coloured leaves and the glow of Indian summers. 1878 G. Meredith Let. 9 Oct. (1970) II. 563 Perhaps you and Mrs. Carr will do us the honour to come and see the Indian summer here. 1956 G. Metalious Peyton Place i. i. 1 Indian summer is like a woman. Ripe, hotly passionate, but fickle. 1958 H. M. Hayward & M. Harari tr. B. Pasternak Dr. Zhivago i. iv. 110 The end of a hot golden autumn had turned into an Indian summer. 1962 Sunday Times 16 Sept. 1/3 An Indian summer in the West Country brought peak holiday traffic jams in Devon yesterday. 2003 Frontiers in Ecol. & Environment 1 508/1 A phone conversation I had.., in the thick of Indian summer, sweltering in my northern California kitchen. 2. figurative. A late period in the life of a person or in the existence of a nation, culture, etc., characterized by calm, happiness, or achievement. ΚΠ 1832 Suppl. Connecticut Courant 11 Sept. 100/2 These last thirty years of life have passed away in serenity and happiness... He has enjoyed, as it were, an Indian summer of existence. 1857 T. De Quincey R. Bentley (rev. ed.) in Select. Grave & Gay VII. 180 An Indian summer crept stealthily over his closing days. 1899 A. Austin Indian Summer Long may the Indian Summer of your days Yet linger in the Land you love so well! 1930 V. Sackville-West Edwardians iii. 100 Meanwhile she was quite content that Sebastian should become tanned in the rays of Sylvia's Indian summer. 1939 A. Toynbee Study of Hist. VI. 193 A Guptan ‘Indian Summer’..was followed..by the blight of an irruption of Eurasian Nomads. 1962 N. Del Mar Richard Strauss I. ix. 418 The works of his Indian Summer when, in the last five years of his life, inspiration came to him once more. 2000 J. McGuckin in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 132/2 The twilight of the 13th century witnessed a brilliant flourishing in art, architecture, and literature in Constantinople. The surviving church of St Saviour in Chora..is a symbol of this Indian summer. Compounds General attributive, as Indian summer day, Indian summer heat, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > time > period > year > season > [adjective] > contrary to the seasonal norm > unseasonal weather Indian summer1822 1822 F. Beasley Search of Truth in Sci. of Human Mind iv. iii. 429 On one of our Indian summer-days. 1856 H. B. Stowe Dred II. 221 It is a calm, still, Indian summer afternoon. 1883 E. P. Roe in Harper's Mag. Dec. 46/1 A perpetual Indian-summer haze of kindliness. 1927 M. de la Roche Jalna xvii. 190 The drowsy Indian-summer heat still continued, but the air had become heavier. 1961 M. Beadle These Ruins are Inhabited (1963) vii. 97 Homeward bound in a lackadaisical Indian-summer mood. 2006 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. Sentinel (Nexis) 29 Oct. b2 Many folks have been calling or e-mailing me about the lack of Indian Summer weather this autumn season. Derivatives ˌIndian-ˈsummerish adj. ΚΠ 1852 H. D. Thoreau Jrnl. 24 Nov. (2009) VII. 174 One or 2 of the fairest days being Indian summerish. 1991 Times (Nexis) 14 Oct. Workmen were spotted in Regent Street last week erecting Christmas decorations, and that on a day when the weather was passably Indian-summerish. ˌIndian ˈsummer-like adj. ΚΠ 1845 S. F. Cooper Elinor Wyllys I. xvi. 252 The next day proved so mild, so hazy, and Indian-summer-like, that Hazlehurst proposed to take advantage of it. 1898 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Romance of Canvas Town 71 Cool nights, bracing mornings and mild Indian-summer-like days. 2007 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 11 Nov. c1 This weekend's Indian summer-like weather may be the last chance for folks to enjoy shirt sleeves and sunshine. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1790
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