Abrahamn.

Brit.

/ˈeɪbrəham/, U.S.

/ˈeɪbrəˌhæm/

Forms:

α. Old English Habraham, Old English– Abraham.

β. 1600s–1700s Abram.

Origin: From proper names. Etymons: proper name Abraham, Abram.

Etymology: < the name of Abraham, the first patriarch of the Israelite people and father of Isaac < post-classical Latin Abraham (Vulgate) < Hellenistic Greek Ἀβραάμ (New Testament) < Hebrew 'aḇrāhām (Genesis 17:5, etc.), the new name (given to him after the conclusion of the covenant between God and him) of the first patriarch of the Israelite people and father of Isaac (see note). Compare post-classical Latin Abram (Vulgate; < Hellenistic Greek Αβραμ (Septuagint) < Hebrew 'aḇrām (Genesis 11:26; rare after Genesis 17:4), the original name of the patriarch. In β. forms < Abram, variant of Abraham with elision of the medial -h- (which is often unstable in medial position both in English and in other European languages); compare the variants of the English form of the name cited below, and also French Abraham , †Abram , †Abraam , Spanish Abraham , †Abram , †Abraam , Italian Abraamo , †Abraam , †Abram , †Abraham , etc., all as the name of the patriarch after the conclusion of his covenant with God. With senses 4 and 5 compare Abraham man n. and discussion at that entry.The etymology of both names of the patriarch, before and after the conclusion of his covenant with God in Genesis 17, is uncertain. It is possible that they are regional variants of a Hebrew personal name which is usually taken to mean ‘the father is exalted’. In Genesis 17:5 as well as in later Jewish exegesis (e.g. in the Babylonian Talmud, Berakoth 13a), the new name of the patriarch is explained (by a mistaken etymology) as ‘father of many nations’ (Hebrew 'aḇ hamōn gōyīm, lit. ‘father of a multitude of nations’). The name of the patriarch is attested in English from the Old English period onwards in various forms (e.g. Old English Abraham, Habraham, Abraam, Abram, Habram, Middle English Abraham, Abrahem, Abrahe, Abram, Habram). Abraham, Abram is attested as a male forename from the late Old English period onwards, earliest perhaps as a name adopted when taking religious orders (1086 in form Abraham) and subsequently as a baptismal name from the 12th cent.: Abraham de Strattuna (a1175), Abram Maide (1185), etc.

I. Compounds.

1. Abraham's seed n. (also seed of Abraham) [after post-classical Latin semen Abraham (Vulgate; also semen Abrahae, Abrahae semen), itself after Hellenistic Greek σπέρμα Ἀβραάμ, itself after Hebrew zeraʿ Aḇrāhām] now archaic (a) the descendants of Abraham, the Jewish people collectively; (b) (with singular agreement) Jesus Christ; (hence also) all believers in the Judaeo-Christian God, considered as the spiritual heirs of Abraham. Cf. seed n. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > the Son or Christ > [noun]

soneOE

godOE

son of manOE

Abraham's seedOE

King of kingsOE

Christ almightyOE

ChristOE

JesusOE

lordOE

Our LordOE

Jesus Christc1175

Christ Jesusc1330

second personc1380

holiesta1400

Son of Goda1425

Man of Sorrows1577

society > faith > sect > Judaism > [noun] > person > collective

ten tribes971

Abraham's seedOE

Jewry?c1225

circumcision1382

peculiar people1535

peculiar nation1651

Yahudi1858

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) iv. 35 Eornostlice gif ge Cristes sind, þonne sind ge Abrahames sæd.

OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) i. viii. 55 Þæt seo forestihtung scolde beon mid bedum gefylled..þæt he [sc. Isaac] mihte suna habban, on þam ylcan ær God forestihtode, þæt Abrahames sæd [L. semen Abrahae] sceolde beon gemanigfealdod.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 370) (1850) 2 Chron. xx. 7 Whether not thou, our God, hast slayn alle the dwellers of this lond before thi puple Irael, and hast ȝeuen it to the seed of Abraham [L. semini Abraham], thi frende, in to euermore?

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Gal. iii. 29 Forsoth if ȝe ben of Crist, therfore ȝe ben seed of Abraham [L. Abrahae semen].

a1450 (a1397) Prol. Old Test. (Harl. 1666) in Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (1850) xii. 46 It is not seid in veyn to feithful men, ‘yee ben the seed of Abraham,’ whanne ther is oo seed of Abraham, which seed is Crist.

1529 S. Fish tr. H. Bomelius Summe Holye Script. vii. sig. Ev^v The seed of Abraham shall receyve me.

1618 W. Attersoll Comm. Fourth Bk. Moses xxiii. 927/2 The Church..standeth of all estates and degrees of men, high and low, rich and poore, male & female..wheras before God called and singled out the seed of Abraham to bee his people.

a1680 S. Charnock God's being Author Reconciliation in Wks. (1684) II. 278 The promise to Abraham is certainly grounded upon a promise to Christ, that in him who was Abrahams seed, all Nations should be blessed.

1721 G. Renolds State of Greatest King 41 The utmost Bound of that Land which God had promised to the Seed of Abraham.

1777 C. Trenchfield Cap of Grey Hairs for Green Heads 151 Good education having such an influence on the future life, that God takes Abraham's seed as members of his covenant, because he knew their nature would be pious.

1819 Relig. Museum (Northumberland, Pa.) 31 Mar. 149/2 It has appeared to us..that the natural seed of Abraham do not command that interest in Christendom, and especially in America, which their importance demands.

1888 J. H. Waggoner From Eden to Eden 28 The promises to Abraham belong truly to Christ; he is the heir, and we, being united to him, are Abraham's seed and heirs of God. This point is quite beyond dispute.

1911 Catholic Encycl. X. 596/2 God..designates him..to conduct them into the ‘land of milk and honey’, the region long since promised to the seed of Abraham.

1991 A. Hertzberg Judaism (1998) 21 To this people, the seed of Abraham,..He revealed the Torah.

2. Abraham's bosom n. (also †Abraham bosom) [after Luke 16:23] heaven; the place of rest for the souls of the righteous dead. Chiefly in Abraham's bosom.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > heaven > [noun]

bliss971

heavenOE

paradiseOE

towera1240

seatc1275

heavenwarda1300

Abraham's bosomc1300

tabernaclea1340

wonea1350

sanctuary1382

pasturec1384

firmament1388

sky?1518

Canaan1548

welkin1559

happy land1562

sphere?1592

heavenwards1614

afterworld1615

patria1707

god-home1848

overworld1858

the invisible1868

OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iv. xxxiv. 310 Eac hit is gesæd on þam godspelle, þæt Lazarus dead wæs, & þæt he wæs boren fram Godes englum & aseted in Abrahames bearme, & se welega, þa þa he dead wæs, he wæs bebyrged in helle.]

c1300 Ministry & Passion of Christ (Laud) (1873) l. 162 (MED) Lazer sone he iseiȝ In Abrahames boseme sitte.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xvi. 22 The beggere deiede and was borun of aungels in to Abrahams bosum.

a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 3060 (MED) Abraham bosom es nathyng elles Bot heven, þar haly spyrites duelles.

a1450 Lessons of Dirige (Digby) l. 382 in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 119 (MED) At domesday comaunde my soule to dwelle In Abrahamys bosum, in thy blisse.

1602 Larum for London sig. E3 Their blessed soules in Abrahams bosome restes.

1690 C. Ness Compl. Hist. & Myst. Old & New Test. I. 129 Abrahams bosom is made the synonymon (of the same import) with heaven.

1713 A. Campbell Primitive Doctr. Reviv'd 64 After his Death, he was to be..in an Intermediate or Middle State, a happy State of Expectation and certain Hope of future Reward... This State is what is called Paradise or Abraham's Bosom.

1751 J. Wesley Let. Dec. (1931) III. 329 I believe he is in Abraham's bosom; but he is no bosom friend of the Methodists.

1836 Tait's Edinb. Mag. July 459/2 After my guidfather had won away..into Abraham's bosom.

1999 R. Horrox Purgatory, Prayer & Plague in P. C. Jupp & C. Gittings Death in Eng. iv. 111 Abraham's Bosom is usually shown very literally in English art of this period as a napkin full of souls held against the breast of a patriarchal figure by two angels.

3. Abraham's balm n. [apparently < the genitive of Abraham + balm n.¹; perhaps compare German Abrahamsbaum chaste tree (1541 as abrahams boum), lit. ‘Abraham's tree’, although the semantic motivation of either the English or the German word is unclear] now chiefly historical and literary the chaste tree, Vitex agnus-castus (family Verbenaceae); (also) any of various parts of this plant used medicinally; also called agnus castus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > vitex trees or shrubs > [noun]

agnus castus?a1450

park leaves1545

hemp-tree1548

chaste lamb1562

chaster1570

Abraham's balm1598

vitex1608

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Vitice, a kind of withie or willow, called in English parkeleaues, chastetree, hemp tree or Abrahams balme.

1730 N. Bailey Dict. Britannicum Abraham's Balm, the Hemp-tree.

1850 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words (ed. 2) I. Abraham's-balm, a kind of willow.

1958 H. Musurillo in H. Musurillo tr. Methodius Symp. 186 The vitex agnus castus..is sometimes called the Chaste-tree, Hemp-Tree, Monk's Pepper-Tree or Abraham's Balm.

1990 B. Raffel tr. F. Rabelais Gargantua & Pantagruel iii. 323 There are certain drugs and herbs that can make a man feel chilled, weak, and absolutely impotent. These include..Abraham's balm, mandragora,..and others.

2000 U. Quattrocchi CRC World Dict. Plant Names IV. 2804/1 Vitex L. Labiatae (Verbenaceae). Origins: Latin name used by Plinius for the chaste-tree, Abraham's balm,..or a similar shrub.

†4. Abraham cove n. Obsolete cant a (professional) beggar of ragged and dishevelled appearance, esp. one who feigns insanity (cf. Abraham man n.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > poverty > mendicancy > [noun] > beggar

beggara1250

bidder1362

mendinantc1395

mendivaunt1395

craver1406

thigger1424

gangrela1450

mendicant1474

mendiant1483

eremite1495

Lazarus?a1513

truandals1523

bellyterc1540

clapperdudgeon1567

beggar-man1608

maunder1609

maunderer1611

Abraham cove1612

eleemosynary1643

mumpera1652

jockey1685

progger1685

asker1708

thigster1710

prog1828

shooler1830

cadger1851

panhandler1893

Weary Willie1896

schlepper1901

plinger1904

peg-legger1915

tapper1930

clochard1940

1612 T. Dekker O per se O sig. M2 The Abram Coue, is a lustie strong Roague.

1665 R. Head Eng. Rogue I. v. 47 (Gloss.) Abram Cove, a Tatterdemallion.

1711 ‘Dr. Saman’ tr. Aristotle's Last Legacy Dict. 157 English..a poor Man... Cant..Abraham Cove.

1827 H. Smith Reuben Apsley I. 121 Don't suffer such an Abram cove to play the counterfeit crank.

1859 G. W. Matsell Vocabulum Abraham Cove, a naked or poor man; a beggar in rags.

II. Simple uses.

5. slang. to sham Abraham (originally Nautical): to feign insanity, esp. in order to beg (formerly also †to maund Abraham; cf. Abraham man n.); (in extended use) to feign illness in order to avoid work, to malinger. Cf. sham-Abraham at sham v. 6b. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > be in ill health [verb (intransitive)] > pretend illness

to maund Abraham1610

malinger1820

skulk1826

soldier1890

1610 S. Rid Martin Mark-all sig. E2 He maunds Abram, he begs as a madde man.

1752 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 140/2 As he [sc. Capt. Lowry] went along some sailors cry'd out..that He must not sham Abram (a cant sea phrase when a sailor is unwilling to work on pretence of sickness, and used by the captain when Hossack was almost expiring under his blows).

1760 O. Goldsmith in Brit. Mag. June 372/1 I sham'd Abraham, merely to be idle.

?1795 Garland New Songs 2 I've heard people say, sham Abraham you may, But you mus'n't sham Abraham Newland.

1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. vii. 180 It's good enough, and too good, for a set of lubbers, that lie shamming Abraham.

1834 Liverpool Mercury 23 May 168/2 The member for Oldham has of late either been indisposed, or has been ‘shamming Abraham’.

1863 C. Reade Hard Cash II. xix. 284 ‘Look out,’ he cried in some alarm; ‘he's shamming Abraham.’

1932 Times 2 Dec. 9/4 One of the hands ‘shammed Abraham’ and had to be put in irons.

1984 P. O'Brian Far Side of World i. 71 Most lunatics are only shamming Abraham to get out of work.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	abraham
释义	Abrahamn. Brit. /ˈeɪbrəham/, U.S. /ˈeɪbrəˌhæm/ Forms: α. Old English Habraham, Old English– Abraham. β. 1600s–1700s Abram. Origin: From proper names. Etymons: proper name Abraham, Abram. Etymology: < the name of Abraham, the first patriarch of the Israelite people and father of Isaac < post-classical Latin Abraham (Vulgate) < Hellenistic Greek Ἀβραάμ (New Testament) < Hebrew 'aḇrāhām (Genesis 17:5, etc.), the new name (given to him after the conclusion of the covenant between God and him) of the first patriarch of the Israelite people and father of Isaac (see note). Compare post-classical Latin Abram (Vulgate; < Hellenistic Greek Αβραμ (Septuagint) < Hebrew 'aḇrām (Genesis 11:26; rare after Genesis 17:4), the original name of the patriarch. In β. forms < Abram, variant of Abraham with elision of the medial -h- (which is often unstable in medial position both in English and in other European languages); compare the variants of the English form of the name cited below, and also French Abraham , †Abram , †Abraam , Spanish Abraham , †Abram , †Abraam , Italian Abraamo , †Abraam , †Abram , †Abraham , etc., all as the name of the patriarch after the conclusion of his covenant with God. With senses 4 and 5 compare Abraham man n. and discussion at that entry.The etymology of both names of the patriarch, before and after the conclusion of his covenant with God in Genesis 17, is uncertain. It is possible that they are regional variants of a Hebrew personal name which is usually taken to mean ‘the father is exalted’. In Genesis 17:5 as well as in later Jewish exegesis (e.g. in the Babylonian Talmud, Berakoth 13a), the new name of the patriarch is explained (by a mistaken etymology) as ‘father of many nations’ (Hebrew 'aḇ hamōn gōyīm, lit. ‘father of a multitude of nations’). The name of the patriarch is attested in English from the Old English period onwards in various forms (e.g. Old English Abraham, Habraham, Abraam, Abram, Habram, Middle English Abraham, Abrahem, Abrahe, Abram, Habram). Abraham, Abram is attested as a male forename from the late Old English period onwards, earliest perhaps as a name adopted when taking religious orders (1086 in form Abraham) and subsequently as a baptismal name from the 12th cent.: Abraham de Strattuna (a1175), Abram Maide (1185), etc. I. Compounds. 1. Abraham's seed n. (also seed of Abraham) [after post-classical Latin semen Abraham (Vulgate; also semen Abrahae, Abrahae semen), itself after Hellenistic Greek σπέρμα Ἀβραάμ, itself after Hebrew zeraʿ Aḇrāhām] now archaic (a) the descendants of Abraham, the Jewish people collectively; (b) (with singular agreement) Jesus Christ; (hence also) all believers in the Judaeo-Christian God, considered as the spiritual heirs of Abraham. Cf. seed n. 4. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > the Son or Christ > [noun] soneOE godOE son of manOE Abraham's seedOE King of kingsOE Christ almightyOE ChristOE JesusOE lordOE Our LordOE Jesus Christc1175 Christ Jesusc1330 second personc1380 holiesta1400 Son of Goda1425 Man of Sorrows1577 society > faith > sect > Judaism > [noun] > person > collective ten tribes971 Abraham's seedOE Jewry?c1225 circumcision1382 peculiar people1535 peculiar nation1651 Yahudi1858 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) iv. 35 Eornostlice gif ge Cristes sind, þonne sind ge Abrahames sæd. OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) i. viii. 55 Þæt seo forestihtung scolde beon mid bedum gefylled..þæt he [sc. Isaac] mihte suna habban, on þam ylcan ær God forestihtode, þæt Abrahames sæd [L. semen Abrahae] sceolde beon gemanigfealdod. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 370) (1850) 2 Chron. xx. 7 Whether not thou, our God, hast slayn alle the dwellers of this lond before thi puple Irael, and hast ȝeuen it to the seed of Abraham [L. semini Abraham], thi frende, in to euermore? c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Gal. iii. 29 Forsoth if ȝe ben of Crist, therfore ȝe ben seed of Abraham [L. Abrahae semen]. a1450 (a1397) Prol. Old Test. (Harl. 1666) in Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (1850) xii. 46 It is not seid in veyn to feithful men, ‘yee ben the seed of Abraham,’ whanne ther is oo seed of Abraham, which seed is Crist. 1529 S. Fish tr. H. Bomelius Summe Holye Script. vii. sig. Ev^v The seed of Abraham shall receyve me. 1618 W. Attersoll Comm. Fourth Bk. Moses xxiii. 927/2 The Church..standeth of all estates and degrees of men, high and low, rich and poore, male & female..wheras before God called and singled out the seed of Abraham to bee his people. a1680 S. Charnock God's being Author Reconciliation in Wks. (1684) II. 278 The promise to Abraham is certainly grounded upon a promise to Christ, that in him who was Abrahams seed, all Nations should be blessed. 1721 G. Renolds State of Greatest King 41 The utmost Bound of that Land which God had promised to the Seed of Abraham. 1777 C. Trenchfield Cap of Grey Hairs for Green Heads 151 Good education having such an influence on the future life, that God takes Abraham's seed as members of his covenant, because he knew their nature would be pious. 1819 Relig. Museum (Northumberland, Pa.) 31 Mar. 149/2 It has appeared to us..that the natural seed of Abraham do not command that interest in Christendom, and especially in America, which their importance demands. 1888 J. H. Waggoner From Eden to Eden 28 The promises to Abraham belong truly to Christ; he is the heir, and we, being united to him, are Abraham's seed and heirs of God. This point is quite beyond dispute. 1911 Catholic Encycl. X. 596/2 God..designates him..to conduct them into the ‘land of milk and honey’, the region long since promised to the seed of Abraham. 1991 A. Hertzberg Judaism (1998) 21 To this people, the seed of Abraham,..He revealed the Torah. 2. Abraham's bosom n. (also †Abraham bosom) [after Luke 16:23] heaven; the place of rest for the souls of the righteous dead. Chiefly in Abraham's bosom. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > heaven > [noun] bliss971 heavenOE paradiseOE towera1240 seatc1275 heavenwarda1300 Abraham's bosomc1300 tabernaclea1340 wonea1350 sanctuary1382 pasturec1384 firmament1388 sky?1518 Canaan1548 welkin1559 happy land1562 sphere?1592 heavenwards1614 afterworld1615 patria1707 god-home1848 overworld1858 the invisible1868 OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iv. xxxiv. 310 Eac hit is gesæd on þam godspelle, þæt Lazarus dead wæs, & þæt he wæs boren fram Godes englum & aseted in Abrahames bearme, & se welega, þa þa he dead wæs, he wæs bebyrged in helle.] c1300 Ministry & Passion of Christ (Laud) (1873) l. 162 (MED) Lazer sone he iseiȝ In Abrahames boseme sitte. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xvi. 22 The beggere deiede and was borun of aungels in to Abrahams bosum. a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 3060 (MED) Abraham bosom es nathyng elles Bot heven, þar haly spyrites duelles. a1450 Lessons of Dirige (Digby) l. 382 in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 119 (MED) At domesday comaunde my soule to dwelle In Abrahamys bosum, in thy blisse. 1602 Larum for London sig. E3 Their blessed soules in Abrahams bosome restes. 1690 C. Ness Compl. Hist. & Myst. Old & New Test. I. 129 Abrahams bosom is made the synonymon (of the same import) with heaven. 1713 A. Campbell Primitive Doctr. Reviv'd 64 After his Death, he was to be..in an Intermediate or Middle State, a happy State of Expectation and certain Hope of future Reward... This State is what is called Paradise or Abraham's Bosom. 1751 J. Wesley Let. Dec. (1931) III. 329 I believe he is in Abraham's bosom; but he is no bosom friend of the Methodists. 1836 Tait's Edinb. Mag. July 459/2 After my guidfather had won away..into Abraham's bosom. 1999 R. Horrox Purgatory, Prayer & Plague in P. C. Jupp & C. Gittings Death in Eng. iv. 111 Abraham's Bosom is usually shown very literally in English art of this period as a napkin full of souls held against the breast of a patriarchal figure by two angels. 3. Abraham's balm n. [apparently < the genitive of Abraham + balm n.¹; perhaps compare German Abrahamsbaum chaste tree (1541 as abrahams boum), lit. ‘Abraham's tree’, although the semantic motivation of either the English or the German word is unclear] now chiefly historical and literary the chaste tree, Vitex agnus-castus (family Verbenaceae); (also) any of various parts of this plant used medicinally; also called agnus castus. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > vitex trees or shrubs > [noun] agnus castus?a1450 park leaves1545 hemp-tree1548 chaste lamb1562 chaster1570 Abraham's balm1598 vitex1608 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Vitice, a kind of withie or willow, called in English parkeleaues, chastetree, hemp tree or Abrahams balme. 1730 N. Bailey Dict. Britannicum Abraham's Balm, the Hemp-tree. 1850 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words (ed. 2) I. Abraham's-balm, a kind of willow. 1958 H. Musurillo in H. Musurillo tr. Methodius Symp. 186 The vitex agnus castus..is sometimes called the Chaste-tree, Hemp-Tree, Monk's Pepper-Tree or Abraham's Balm. 1990 B. Raffel tr. F. Rabelais Gargantua & Pantagruel iii. 323 There are certain drugs and herbs that can make a man feel chilled, weak, and absolutely impotent. These include..Abraham's balm, mandragora,..and others. 2000 U. Quattrocchi CRC World Dict. Plant Names IV. 2804/1 Vitex L. Labiatae (Verbenaceae). Origins: Latin name used by Plinius for the chaste-tree, Abraham's balm,..or a similar shrub. †4. Abraham cove n. Obsolete cant a (professional) beggar of ragged and dishevelled appearance, esp. one who feigns insanity (cf. Abraham man n.). ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > mendicancy > [noun] > beggar beggara1250 bidder1362 mendinantc1395 mendivaunt1395 craver1406 thigger1424 gangrela1450 mendicant1474 mendiant1483 eremite1495 Lazarus?a1513 truandals1523 bellyterc1540 clapperdudgeon1567 beggar-man1608 maunder1609 maunderer1611 Abraham cove1612 eleemosynary1643 mumpera1652 jockey1685 progger1685 asker1708 thigster1710 prog1828 shooler1830 cadger1851 panhandler1893 Weary Willie1896 schlepper1901 plinger1904 peg-legger1915 tapper1930 clochard1940 1612 T. Dekker O per se O sig. M2 The Abram Coue, is a lustie strong Roague. 1665 R. Head Eng. Rogue I. v. 47 (Gloss.) Abram Cove, a Tatterdemallion. 1711 ‘Dr. Saman’ tr. Aristotle's Last Legacy Dict. 157 English..a poor Man... Cant..Abraham Cove. 1827 H. Smith Reuben Apsley I. 121 Don't suffer such an Abram cove to play the counterfeit crank. 1859 G. W. Matsell Vocabulum Abraham Cove, a naked or poor man; a beggar in rags. II. Simple uses. 5. slang. to sham Abraham (originally Nautical): to feign insanity, esp. in order to beg (formerly also †to maund Abraham; cf. Abraham man n.); (in extended use) to feign illness in order to avoid work, to malinger. Cf. sham-Abraham at sham v. 6b. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > be in ill health [verb (intransitive)] > pretend illness to maund Abraham1610 malinger1820 skulk1826 soldier1890 1610 S. Rid Martin Mark-all sig. E2 He maunds Abram, he begs as a madde man. 1752 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 140/2 As he [sc. Capt. Lowry] went along some sailors cry'd out..that He must not sham Abram (a cant sea phrase when a sailor is unwilling to work on pretence of sickness, and used by the captain when Hossack was almost expiring under his blows). 1760 O. Goldsmith in Brit. Mag. June 372/1 I sham'd Abraham, merely to be idle. ?1795 Garland New Songs 2 I've heard people say, sham Abraham you may, But you mus'n't sham Abraham Newland. 1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. vii. 180 It's good enough, and too good, for a set of lubbers, that lie shamming Abraham. 1834 Liverpool Mercury 23 May 168/2 The member for Oldham has of late either been indisposed, or has been ‘shamming Abraham’. 1863 C. Reade Hard Cash II. xix. 284 ‘Look out,’ he cried in some alarm; ‘he's shamming Abraham.’ 1932 Times 2 Dec. 9/4 One of the hands ‘shammed Abraham’ and had to be put in irons. 1984 P. O'Brian Far Side of World i. 71 Most lunatics are only shamming Abraham to get out of work. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † Abrahamadj. Forms: also with lower-case initial. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: auburn adj. Etymology: Variant of auburn adj. (compare forms at that entry), probably influenced by the personal name Abraham (see Abraham n.). Compare slightly later Abram adj. Obsolete. Auburn. Cf. Abram adj. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [adjective] > red redc1275 auburn1591 Abraham?1592 sorrel1600 Abram1602 sandy-coloured1661 carrot1671 carrot-coloured1684 Judas colour1695 carroty1696 sandy1734 gingery1844 Titian1863 gingerous1864 ?1592 Trag. Solyman & Perseda sig. H3 Where is the eldest sonne of Pryam? That abraham couloured Troion: dead. 1620 J. Melton Astrologaster 38 You can iudge of..what haire he shall be of, of a Browne or Abraham colour, as the English; of a Yellow, as the Dane; [etc.]. 1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum xvi. xxviii. 1429 The leaves and the dust of the wood boyled in lye, will make haires of an Aborne (or Abraham) colour. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2018). < n.OEadj.?1592
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Abrahamn.

† Abrahamadj.