individuumn.

Brit.

/ˌɪndᵻˈvɪdʒʊəm/,

/ˌɪndᵻˈvɪdjʊəm/, U.S.

/ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒ(ə)wəm/

Inflections: Plural individua, individuums.

Forms: late Middle English indyvyduis (plural), late Middle English–1600s indiuiduum, 1600s indiuidium (perhaps transmission error), 1600s– individuum.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin indīviduum.

Etymology: < classical Latin indīviduum indivisible particle, atom, in post-classical Latin also an individual, especially a member of a species (4th cent.), use as noun (short for indīviduum corpus indivisible body) of neuter singular of indīviduus undivided, indivisible, inseparable (see individuous adj.). Compare Middle French, French individu (noun) individual person or entity (1377), single member of a class or species (1546), (adjective) indivisible (1486), and also Catalan individu, adjective and noun (14th cent.), Spanish individuo, adjective and noun (c1440), Portuguese indivíduo, adjective (15th cent.) and noun (1619), Italian individuo, noun (1481).In the plural individua after the Latin nominative and accusative plural form. In the form indyvyduis (plural) in quot. a1500 at sense 1 after the Latin ablative plural. The form indiuidium in quot. 1609 at sense 2a may show transmission or compositorial error, or may show influence of the Latin ending -ium (see -y suffix⁴).

1. An individual person or thing; = individual n. 1a, 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [noun] > an individual thing or person

substance1340

individuum?a1425

individa1500

suppositum1593

supposite1612

singular1615

individuality1631

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 49 (MED) Apostemez of þe ȝerde and also of þe wulue be niȝest to curacion of apostemez of testiclez..þai ar as war emunctoriez & principale membrez as to spice or lignez; neþerlez not to indiuiduum [?c1425 Paris þe persone of kynde; L. individuum], as it is often tymez said.

a1500 (a1450) tr. Secreta Secret. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 67 We shall declare..of indyvyduis [L. de singularibus et individuis] of certeyn vegetable plantis.

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. v. 181 That so each Kinde, may last immortallie, Though th' Indiuiduum passe successiuelie.

1618 M. Baret Hipponomie i. 98 In horses, though there be many differences of the indiuiduums..yet the expert Horseman..can reforme their rebellion.

1647 J. Hall Poems i. 23 Why would she choose her Priests to be Such Individuums as ye? Such Insecta's.

1745 D. E. Baker tr. ‘A. F. de Avellaneda’ Don Quixote II. vi. v. 206 He had the Misfortune to appear in my Eyes the most horrid Individuum of human Race.

1825 Mem. Astron. Soc. 1 ii. 342 Most astronomers seem to me to rely too much on their instruments... In my opinion each instrument, as an individuum, has its own peculiarities.

1917 A. S. Pringle-Pattison Idea of God ix. 184 The fixed laws and stable arrangements of the world..represent..the action and reaction of these psychical individua in their struggle for the best modus vivendi.

1990 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 28 June 13/3 It is especially dubious to assume a full partner-to-contract relationship between the individuum in the womb and that part of the human community, the mother, which is its mode of passage into partnership with others.

a. That which cannot be divided or separated; the indivisible; an indivisible entity. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > unity or undividedness > [noun] > indivisibility > indivisible thing

atomOE

individuum1581

indivisible1644

1581 J. Field tr. C. Olevian Expos. Symbole of Apostles ii. 149 These natures..are so coupled together, that they make one Indiuiduum [L. indiuiduum], to wit, Christe.

1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie i. ii. sig. C3 Almighty men, that can their Maker make, And force his sacred body..to be gnawne..Deuiding indiuiduum, really.

1609 Euerie Woman in her Humor v. i. sig. H3 Linke her to thy soule, Deuide not indiuidium, be her and shee thee.

1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Indiuiduum, that which cannot bee diuided.

1754 Bp. T. Sherlock Disc. vi. 203 The Learned..made the Soul alone to be the perfect Individuum.

1796 Brit. Critic May 519 The indestructibility of his essence (as being an individuum, an unit, a monad) by any operation or process of nature.

1854 Asylum Jrnl. No. 6. 92/1 We study the patient as a unity, as an individuum, in all his physical, intellectual, moral, and social relations.

1903 J. H. W. Stuckenberg Sociology I. vii. 144 The individual is an individuum, a being which cannot be divided without destroying its essence.

†b. spec. A minute particle; an atom. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > atomic chemistry > [noun] > atoms

atom1555

mote1585

individuum1656

leasting1674

prime1839

nuclear atom1915

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Individuum, one singular thing; that which cannot be divided, a body inseparable, a Moat.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) An Individual or Individuum, (in Philos.) a Body or Particle so small that it cannot be divided, which is otherwise call'd an Atome.

3. Logic. Any of the entities occupying the lowest level of a system of classification; a single member of a class or species. Cf. individual n. 2a. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical classification > [noun] > a division, group, or class > member of

individuum1599

1599 T. Blundeville Art of Logike v. xvii. 140 Generall kinds are said to be before speciall kindes, and speciall kindes before Indiuiduums as hath beene said before.

1610 D. Carleton in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times James I (1848) (modernized text) I. 124 When we ask the question, ‘Why this objection may not as well hold in every private bill of this kind?’ they answer that, ‘individua, by name, do no hurt to the general’.

1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 230 In the forehead of the Image let be written the name of the species, or individuum, which the Image represents.

1700 W. Salmon Aristotle's Compl. & Experienc'd Midwife ii. ii. 163 It [sc. a mole or abnormal mass within the womb] differs from a true Conception..in the Species, because it has no humane Figure, nor bears the Character of a Man; and also in the Individuum, as having no Affinity with the Parent.

1839 G. Field Outl. Analogical Philos. I. 168 This operation may be called generalogical.., because it generalizes, rising from individua to genera, &c.

2010 M. Driscoll Absolute Erotic, Absolute Grotesque 11 Building on the Aristotelian and Hegelian tripartite schema of individuum.., particular species.., and universal genus.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	individuum
释义	individuumn. Brit. /ˌɪndᵻˈvɪdʒʊəm/, /ˌɪndᵻˈvɪdjʊəm/, U.S. /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒ(ə)wəm/ Inflections: Plural individua, individuums. Forms: late Middle English indyvyduis (plural), late Middle English–1600s indiuiduum, 1600s indiuidium (perhaps transmission error), 1600s– individuum. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin indīviduum. Etymology: < classical Latin indīviduum indivisible particle, atom, in post-classical Latin also an individual, especially a member of a species (4th cent.), use as noun (short for indīviduum corpus indivisible body) of neuter singular of indīviduus undivided, indivisible, inseparable (see individuous adj.). Compare Middle French, French individu (noun) individual person or entity (1377), single member of a class or species (1546), (adjective) indivisible (1486), and also Catalan individu, adjective and noun (14th cent.), Spanish individuo, adjective and noun (c1440), Portuguese indivíduo, adjective (15th cent.) and noun (1619), Italian individuo, noun (1481).In the plural individua after the Latin nominative and accusative plural form. In the form indyvyduis (plural) in quot. a1500 at sense 1 after the Latin ablative plural. The form indiuidium in quot. 1609 at sense 2a may show transmission or compositorial error, or may show influence of the Latin ending -ium (see -y suffix⁴). 1. An individual person or thing; = individual n. 1a, 2. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > [noun] > an individual thing or person substance1340 individuum?a1425 individa1500 suppositum1593 supposite1612 singular1615 individuality1631 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 49 (MED) Apostemez of þe ȝerde and also of þe wulue be niȝest to curacion of apostemez of testiclez..þai ar as war emunctoriez & principale membrez as to spice or lignez; neþerlez not to indiuiduum [?c1425 Paris þe persone of kynde; L. individuum], as it is often tymez said. a1500 (a1450) tr. Secreta Secret. (Ashm. 396) (1977) 67 We shall declare..of indyvyduis [L. de singularibus et individuis] of certeyn vegetable plantis. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. v. 181 That so each Kinde, may last immortallie, Though th' Indiuiduum passe successiuelie. 1618 M. Baret Hipponomie i. 98 In horses, though there be many differences of the indiuiduums..yet the expert Horseman..can reforme their rebellion. 1647 J. Hall Poems i. 23 Why would she choose her Priests to be Such Individuums as ye? Such Insecta's. 1745 D. E. Baker tr. ‘A. F. de Avellaneda’ Don Quixote II. vi. v. 206 He had the Misfortune to appear in my Eyes the most horrid Individuum of human Race. 1825 Mem. Astron. Soc. 1 ii. 342 Most astronomers seem to me to rely too much on their instruments... In my opinion each instrument, as an individuum, has its own peculiarities. 1917 A. S. Pringle-Pattison Idea of God ix. 184 The fixed laws and stable arrangements of the world..represent..the action and reaction of these psychical individua in their struggle for the best modus vivendi. 1990 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 28 June 13/3 It is especially dubious to assume a full partner-to-contract relationship between the individuum in the womb and that part of the human community, the mother, which is its mode of passage into partnership with others. 2. a. That which cannot be divided or separated; the indivisible; an indivisible entity. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > unity or undividedness > [noun] > indivisibility > indivisible thing atomOE individuum1581 indivisible1644 1581 J. Field tr. C. Olevian Expos. Symbole of Apostles ii. 149 These natures..are so coupled together, that they make one Indiuiduum [L. indiuiduum], to wit, Christe. 1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie i. ii. sig. C3 Almighty men, that can their Maker make, And force his sacred body..to be gnawne..Deuiding indiuiduum, really. 1609 Euerie Woman in her Humor v. i. sig. H3 Linke her to thy soule, Deuide not indiuidium, be her and shee thee. 1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Indiuiduum, that which cannot bee diuided. 1754 Bp. T. Sherlock Disc. vi. 203 The Learned..made the Soul alone to be the perfect Individuum. 1796 Brit. Critic May 519 The indestructibility of his essence (as being an individuum, an unit, a monad) by any operation or process of nature. 1854 Asylum Jrnl. No. 6. 92/1 We study the patient as a unity, as an individuum, in all his physical, intellectual, moral, and social relations. 1903 J. H. W. Stuckenberg Sociology I. vii. 144 The individual is an individuum, a being which cannot be divided without destroying its essence. †b. spec. A minute particle; an atom. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > atomic chemistry > [noun] > atoms atom1555 mote1585 individuum1656 leasting1674 prime1839 nuclear atom1915 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Individuum, one singular thing; that which cannot be divided, a body inseparable, a Moat. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) An Individual or Individuum, (in Philos.) a Body or Particle so small that it cannot be divided, which is otherwise call'd an Atome. 3. Logic. Any of the entities occupying the lowest level of a system of classification; a single member of a class or species. Cf. individual n. 2a. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical classification > [noun] > a division, group, or class > member of individuum1599 1599 T. Blundeville Art of Logike v. xvii. 140 Generall kinds are said to be before speciall kindes, and speciall kindes before Indiuiduums as hath beene said before. 1610 D. Carleton in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times James I (1848) (modernized text) I. 124 When we ask the question, ‘Why this objection may not as well hold in every private bill of this kind?’ they answer that, ‘individua, by name, do no hurt to the general’. 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 230 In the forehead of the Image let be written the name of the species, or individuum, which the Image represents. 1700 W. Salmon Aristotle's Compl. & Experienc'd Midwife ii. ii. 163 It [sc. a mole or abnormal mass within the womb] differs from a true Conception..in the Species, because it has no humane Figure, nor bears the Character of a Man; and also in the Individuum, as having no Affinity with the Parent. 1839 G. Field Outl. Analogical Philos. I. 168 This operation may be called generalogical.., because it generalizes, rising from individua to genera, &c. 2010 M. Driscoll Absolute Erotic, Absolute Grotesque 11 Building on the Aristotelian and Hegelian tripartite schema of individuum.., particular species.., and universal genus. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?a1425
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