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单词 industrious
释义

industriousadj.

Brit. /ɪnˈdʌstrɪəs/, U.S. /ᵻnˈdəstriəs/
Forms: late Middle English 1600s endustrious, late Middle English–1600s industryous, 1500s–1600s industriouse, 1500s– industrious; U.S. regional 1800s industris; Scottish pre-1700 industreus. See also industrous adj.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French industrieux; Latin industriosus.
Etymology: < (i) Middle French industrieux ingenious, skilful (1455; French industrieux also (now rarely) in sense ‘of or relating to an industry or industries’ (1765)), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin industriosus very active (6th cent.; < classical Latin industria industry n. + -ōsus -ous suffix); compare -ous suffix. The later semantic development is influenced by industry n.Compare Catalan industriós (1344), Spanish industrioso (late 14th cent.), Italian industrioso (14th cent.), and also classical Latin industrius diligent, active (see industry n.).
1. Characterized by or showing intelligent or skilful work; skilful, clever, ingenious, artful. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > [adjective]
keena1000
nimbleOE
wittya1100
smeighc1200
understandingc1200
aperta1330
skillwisea1340
witted1377
intelligiblea1382
well-feelinga1382
knowinga1398
finec1400
large?a1425
well-knowingc1425
of understanding1428
capax1432
sententiousc1440
well-wittedc1450
intellectual?a1475
clean1485
industriousc1487
intellective1509
cleanlyc1540
ingenious?a1560
fine-headed1574
conceited1579
conceitful1594
intelligenced1596
dexter1597
ingenuous1598
intelligent1598
senseful1598
parted1600
thinking1605
dexterical1607
solert1612
apprehensivea1616
dexterous1622
solertic1623
intelligential1646
callent1656
cunning1671
thoughtful1674
perceptive1696
clever1716
uptaking1756
spiritual1807
bright1815
gnostic1819
knowledgeable1825
brainy1845
opulent1851
opening1872
super-cerebral1916
brainiac1976
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [adjective] > ingenious
craftlyOE
craftyOE
quainta1250
enginefulc1400
maliciousc1425
industriousc1487
curious1489
ingenious1576
daedal1590
Daedalian1607
fertile-headed1632
knacky1710
supple1710
tricksome1821
tactical1883
tricky1887
fertile-brained1894
c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica v. 346 Thurgh his moche industryous reson he fonde first the vsual drynke of wyne, and the iconomy otherwise callyd husbondrye.
1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xxiii. sig. Lvi They that be called Industrious, do moste craftily and depely vnderstande in all affaires what is expedient, and by what meanes & wayes they maye sonest exploite them. And those thinges, in whome other men trauayle, a person industrious lightly and with facilitie spedeth, and fyndeth newe wayes and meanes to bring to effecte that he desireth.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) 5 Be that industreus martial act, he renforsit the toune vitht victualis.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 338v The industrious & subtyle art of partyng gold from new syluer.
1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 411 Are there many creatures although greater in substance, that yet haue such industrious & ingenious natures, as these litle beasts [sc. bees] haue?
1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 116 Aduersitie ripeneth the looser, and maketh him warie and industrious.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 376 They gape and point At your industrious Scenes and acts of death. View more context for this quotation
1657 W. Rand tr. P. Gassendi Mirrour of Nobility iv. 76 That the Ancients were so industrious, that they made no Vessel, which did not contain a set measure, and a certain weight.
1679 G. Rose tr. P. Boaistuau Theatre of World ii. 308 Another composed a compleat Ship..so industrious that a Bee might hide or cover it under his Wings.
1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther ii. 64 Industrious of the needle and the chart They run full sail to their Japponian Mart.
a1731 J. Hughes Misc. in Verse & Prose (1737) 115 When vilely from his Faith he [sc. Man] fell, And dar'd, Allegiance to depose; Supplanted by th'industrious Wiles of Hell.
2. Characterized by or showing application, endeavour, or effort; painstaking, zealous, keen; efficient. Chiefly with in (also †after, †of, †to) some matter, to do something.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > [adjective] > careful or painstaking
peniblec1375
industrious1531
painful1531
hoful1565
industrous1570
laboriose1680
painstakinga1685
troublesome1818
the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > [adjective] > studiously careful or diligent
intentivec1290
ithanda1300
diligent1340
assiduala1400
industrious1531
sedulous1593
assiduous1660
perdiligent1694
1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. i. sig. A5 The slouthfull or idell persone, do nat participate with hym that is industrious, and taketh payne.
1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. sig. O.vv But yt I haue written in ye storie before wt what forward hardines Sir George haward did bear ye kings maiestie standerd in ye battail, & thear also of ye industrious peyn of sir Iames Wilford.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. 62 Here is deere, a true industrious friend, Sir Walter Blunt new lighted from his horse. View more context for this quotation
a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 29 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Industrious to seeke out the truth of all things.
1608 T. Middleton Trick to catch Old-one ii. sig. Dv His Vncle [is] very industrious to beguile the widdow and make vp the match.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 51 More industrious in humane inventions, then religious devotions.
1644 J. Milton Of Educ. 2 Those people who have at any time been most industrious after wisdom.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 116 His thoughts were low; To vice industrious, but to Nobler deeds Timorous and slothful. View more context for this quotation
1693 G. Stepney tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires viii. 170 He was Industrious to be esteem'd the best Musitian of his Age.
1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) Pref. p. xi Considering with what industrious Malice the false Story had been spread all over England.
1700 J. Dryden To my Kinsman J. Driden in Fables 95 Industrious of the Common Good.
1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey II. viii. 82 Before his eyes the purple vest he drew, Industrious to conceal the falling dew.
1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero II. viii. 176 Very industrious in recommending it.
1794 E. Gunning Packet IV. vii. 130 His heart palpitating at every sound, for which he was industrious to account by supposing her to be fainting, in hysterics, or some such misfortune.
1830 J. Galt Lawrie Todd I. viii. 58 I soon, however, perceived that she preferred my company..to that of my brother, and it made me the more industrious to repay her partiality.
1917 G. K. Chesterton Utopia of Usurers 182 I, for my part, am quite satisfied, and do not doubt that Mr. MacDonald will be as industrious in damping down democracy in this form as in every other.
1994 World Weekly News 5 Apr. 18/1 If you look around most offices about 5 p.m., you will find that the women are extremely industrious in wrapping up so they can leave on time.
3. Characterized by or showing assiduous and steady work; devoted to work; diligent, hard-working.Now the usual sense.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > [adjective] > diligent or industrious
busyOE
swinkfulOE
laboriousa1393
virtuousc1450
eident1529
operose1546
laboursome1552
industrious1591
work-likea1642
work-brittle1647
notable1666
nitle1673
hard-working1682
worksome1830
shirtsleeve1864
workful1875
1591 E. Spenser Muiopotmos in Complaints sig. V Who being..more industrious, gathered more store Of the fields honour, than the others best.
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Kings xi. 28 Solomon seeing the young man that he was industrious [marg., Heb. did worke] . View more context for this quotation
1683 T. Robinson in J. Ray Corr. (1848) 132 We have been very industrious since our coming to Paris.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 92 Soil well cultivated by the poor industrious Chilians.
1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 16 Industrious habits in each breast obtain.
1782 W. Cowper Heroism 69 Yet man, laborious man, by slow degrees..Plies all the sinews of industrious toil.
1864 J. Walker Faithf. Ministry 207 The most pious man ought to be the most industrious.
1892 J. Brown Serm. 207 Industrious poverty becomes a nobler thing than idle wealth.
1916 Moberly (Missouri) Daily Index 21 Sept. 2/1 There are many redeemed criminals living useful and industrious lives in the society that they had wronged.
1976 Islander (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 5 Sept. 10/1 Known as ‘mountain beaver’, these industrious creatures spend their time excavating burrows.
2007 Stuff July 55/3 Receiving emails anywhere, almost as soon as they're sent, turned otherwise ordinary workers into industrious workaholics.
4. Characterized by or showing design or purpose: intentional, purposed, deliberate. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > [adjective] > performed with intention
bethoughtc1200
expressa1400
wilfula1400
purposedc1422
purpensed1436
malice prepensed1454
aforethought1472
studiedc1475
setc1485
voluntary1495
deliberate?1527
willing1550
witting1553
propensed1560
fore-intendeda1586
affected1586
designed1586
determinate1586
intended1592
deliberated1594
uncasual1614
recollecteda1616
resolved1624
industriousa1628
intentionate1631
pre-intended1636
advised1642
malice prepense1647
sedentary1647
propense1650
consultive1651
(crime, evil, etc.) of forethought1692
conscious1726
intentionala1729
systematic1746
studious1750
systematical1750
prepensive1752
advertent1832
self-conscious1832
volitive1839
designful1852
purposeful1853
purposive1864
thought-controlled1926
a1628 N. Carpenter Achitophel (1629) 8 It was the part of a shamelesse Cham to bee an industrious spectator of his fathers nakednesse.
1652 J. Wright tr. J.-P. Camus Nature's Paradox 290 By industrious excuses (purposely invented) hee had sharpen'd the desire of his Auditours.
1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 183 Some there are suspect this mistake to have been not involuntary but industrious in him.
1668 H. More Divine Dialogues i. 27 The industrious perforation of the tendons of the second joints of fingers and toes, draw the tendons of the third joints through.
1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 90 An industrious Omission..of the Principal Point of Care.
a1738 A. Batty 26 Serm. Var. Subj. (1739) I. ix. 201 Every Omission of vindicating injured Characters, every industrious With-holding of due Commendation.
1845 G. S. Faber Eight Diss. I. iii. v. 269 His [sc. Elijah's] industrious affectation of the wilderness.
1935 Calif. Law Rev. 23 339 The legislature has, by industrious omission, altered the section so that the clause ‘upon causes of action which might have been joined’ no longer appears.
5. Of or relating to an industry or industries; industrial. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > [adjective]
mechanic1721
industrious1825
industrialist1842
1825 J. R. McCulloch Princ. Polit. Econ. Introd. 45 Those who are engaged in industrious undertakings.
1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation ii. v. 199 Such improvements..in the arts as will enable industrious undertakings to be carried on with a much less expenditure of fuel.
1873 H. Wedgwood Hist. Working Classes p. xi In a knowledge of the manufacturing and industrious arts, the lower classes of this land were second to none in Europe on the score of ignorance.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.c1487
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