Iron Agen.¹adj.

Brit.

/ˈʌɪən eɪdʒ/, U.S.

/ˈaɪ(ə)rn ˌeɪdʒ/

Forms: see iron adj. and age n. Also with lower-case initials.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: iron adj., age n.

Etymology: < iron adj. + age n. In sense A. 1 after classical Latin saecula ferrea (plural noun), aetās ferrea; compare Middle French eage de fer , aage de fer (15th cent.; French âge de fer ), French siècle de fer (a1628). In sense A. 3 ultimately after Danish jernalder (C. J. Thomsen in N. M. Petersen et al. Ledetraad til norsk oldkyndighed (1836) 60); compare German Eisenzeitalter (1837 or earlier in a translation of the Danish work), Eisenzeit (1840 or earlier in this sense; 1717 or earlier in sense A. 1). Compare also iron period n. 2.Hesiod ( Works & Days 176) uses ancient Greek σιδήρεον γένος , ‘race of iron’, to denote the generation of the iron age (compare sense A. 1) but does not have an expression corresponding to iron age.

A. n.¹

1. Chiefly with lower-case initials. In Greek and Roman mythology: the last and worst age of humankind following the golden, silver, brazen, and (sometimes) heroic ages. Hence allusively: any age or period characterized by wickedness, oppression, or debasement. Cf. iron adj. 6.The myth of the ages of humankind is first recorded in Hesiod's Works & Days 109 ff., and was subsequently retold by Aratus ( Phaenomena 96-136), who omits the heroic and iron ages, and Ovid ( Metamorphoses 1. 89-150), among others.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > [noun] > period of evil

Iron Age?1532

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > [noun] > time of > prolonged

Iron Age?1532

?1532 T. Paynell tr. Erasmus De Contemptu Mundi vii. sig. G The sedes of all myschyefes are so sprouted out, that nowe in our dayes we passe and farre excede ye iron age [L. ferream illam aetatem], wherof men sange a thousande yeres ago.

a1591 H. Smith Poore Mans Teares (1592) 1 In these daies, and in this iron age, it is as hard a thing to perswade men to part with money, as to pull out their eies and cast them away.

1656 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival (title) The historie of this Iron Age [Fr. Abrégé de l'histoire de ce siècle de fer].

1693 T. Creech tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires xiii. 259 Worse than the Iron Age, and wretched Times Roul on.

1754 D. Hume Let. 8 Oct. (1932) I. 195 But perhaps you have so corrupted a Taste as to prefer your Iron Age, to be met with in London..where Luxury & Vice..abound.

1772 J. W. Fletcher Logica Genevensis xi. 188 Does not this exceed Ovid's description of the iron-age?

1816 G. S. Faber Origin Pagan Idolatry II. iii. i. 4 The iron age ushered in the deluge.

1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. iii. iii. 257 These last bear some resemblance to the golden, silver, brazen, and iron ages of the Greeks.

1900 J. A. H. Murray Romanes Lect. 36 The golden age of Latinity had passed into a silvern, and that into a brazen and an iron age.

1921 Freeman 29 June 381/2 The world deteriorated slowly from the Golden to the Iron Age, and..the very soil became harder for the husbandman to till.

1991 F. A. de Armas in L. Fothergill-Payne & P. Fothergill-Payne Parallel Lives iv. 312 The approaching chaos of the ever more violent and wicked iron age leads to the fall or return of Astraea in both Shakespeare and Calderón.

2. Chiefly with lower-case initials. An age or period characterized by the use or manufacture of iron.Originally with allusion to sense A. 1, but subsequently an extended use of sense A. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > period > [noun]

timeOE

daysOE

sitheOE

agec1325

siecle1483

secle?1533

Iron Age1592

cycle1842

time span1880

1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Huntington Libr. copy) sig. C3 This is an yron age, or rather no yron age, for swordes and bucklers goe to pawne a pace in Long-Lane.

1600 T. Middleton Ghost of Lucrece sig. B6^v Yron must haue fire, this is an yron age: Our soules like smithes with anuills of desire, Beate on our flesh, and still we sparkle fire.

1838 J. Poole Crotchets in Air 60 How would you name the present age? The Iron Age, but that it lacks novelty. The Age of Smoke—or of Steam?

1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 107 The Iron Age has passed; this is the Age of Steel. We shall see immediately that even our ‘tin’ pots and kettles are now made of steel.

1942 Life 19 Oct. 71/1 It was the flame-breathing Bessemer converter, in last part of the 19th Century, that converted the iron age into the age of steel.

1970 Bulletin (Sydney) 14 Feb. 17/1 Off the sheep's back, into the iron age.

2005 New Scientist 22 Oct. 35/1 It could spell the start of a new iron age, and not just for cars.

3. Archaeology. With the. The period in which iron-working techniques were first introduced in a particular region; spec. (in the Three Age System of C. J. Thomsen) the prehistoric period following the Stone and Bronze Ages in Europe.Sometimes subdivided into the Early, Middle, and Late Iron Ages.The date at which iron-working techniques were adopted varies considerably by region. The European Iron Age is conventionally taken as beginning in southeastern Europe in the early first millennium b.c. (the technology probably having been introduced from Asia Minor), and gradually spreading north and west. In much of Europe the Iron Age is taken as ending with the beginning of the Roman period, while in regions outside the Roman Empire it is regarded as continuing until the medieval period.Quot. 1845 is from a review of R. Bertelsen tr. J. J. A. Worsaae Dänemarks Vorzeit durch Alterthümer und Grabhügel beleuchtet (1844).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > a civilization or culture > [noun] > Iron Age

iron period1775

Iron Age1845

the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [noun] > prehistoric periods

dark ages1842

Iron Age1845

iron period1847

stone period1849

lithic age1862

Aurignac1863

stone age1864

three ages1866

Palaeolithic1869

Middle Stone Age1870

prehistory1871

stone era1873

Siwalik1877

Neolithic1878

hemera1893

Mesvinian1909

Mesolithic1931

Abbevillian1937

Devensian1968

Creswellian1969

dryas1975

1845 Archaeol. Jrnl. 2 292 The second division treats of Barrows and Tumuli under the several heads of, 1. Graves of the Age of Stone. 2. Of the Bronze, and 3. Of the Iron Age.

1847 I. A. Blackwell in T. Percy et al. tr. P. H. Mallet Northern Antiq. (rev. ed.) x. 211 The barrows with wooden mortuary chambers, are placed by the learned antiquaries in the Iron Age. [No corresponding sentence in the French original.]

1866 J. Lubbock in Notices Proc. Royal Inst. Great Brit. 4 33 The most remarkable lake-dwelling of the Iron age, is that at Téne.

1889 Sc. Leader 15 Jan. 7/1 The general character of the antiquities found is that of the Iron Age.

1901 W. Ridgeway Early Age of Greece I. ii. 237 After the Terramare came the Early Iron Age.

1952 G. H. Dury Map Interpr. xiv. 161 This area was more deeply penetrated in the Iron Age than in earlier times.

1978 R. Mauny in J. D. Fage Cambr. Hist. Afr. II. v. 332 Most West African peoples passed directly from the Neolithic to the Iron Age.

2005 B. Cunliffe Iron Age Communities Brit. (ed. 4) xviii. 501 Our understanding of the bronzeworking in the Iron Age is being improved dramatically by metal analyses.

B. adj.

Archaeology. Of, belonging to, or dating from the Iron Age (sense A. 3). Also: designating this period.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > a civilization or culture > [adjective] > specific prehistoric

Bronze Age1863

Iron Age1868

Cromerian1922

Olmecan1929

Ahrensburg1931

Ghassulian1931

Yuma1932

Dorset1933

Oldowan1934

Cortaillod1940

Clovis1943

Olmec1943

Ahrensburgian1950

Ubaid1952

Olmecoid1956

pre-Clovis1962

Lapita1971

1868 Q. Rev. Oct. 428 In the Lake of Neufchâtel is another steinberg.., which contains in vast quantities the relics of an Iron-Age settlement.

1883 J. Anderson Scotl. in Pagan Times: Iron Age v. 259 This unique series of objects..illustrates a peculiar phase of the early Celtic or Iron Age culture and civilisation of our country.

1933 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Antiquaries Ireland 63 252 The technique of the engraving would show that the pin is Iron Age.

1964 New Scientist 27 Feb. 524/3 It contained a large collection of beautiful iron age pottery, but no graves were found.

1986 S. Afr. Archaeol. Bull. 41 34/1 Sheep of the Ruchera type may have arrived in the Mutoko area..early in the Iron Age period.

2011 Daily Tel. 19 Aug. 3/6 It is thought Silchester was the stronghold of Caractacus, an Iron Age chieftain of the Catuvellauni tribe and a hero of the British resistance to Roman rule.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	iron age
释义	Iron Agen.¹adj. Brit. /ˈʌɪən eɪdʒ/, U.S. /ˈaɪ(ə)rn ˌeɪdʒ/ Forms: see iron adj. and age n. Also with lower-case initials. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: iron adj., age n. Etymology: < iron adj. + age n. In sense A. 1 after classical Latin saecula ferrea (plural noun), aetās ferrea; compare Middle French eage de fer , aage de fer (15th cent.; French âge de fer ), French siècle de fer (a1628). In sense A. 3 ultimately after Danish jernalder (C. J. Thomsen in N. M. Petersen et al. Ledetraad til norsk oldkyndighed (1836) 60); compare German Eisenzeitalter (1837 or earlier in a translation of the Danish work), Eisenzeit (1840 or earlier in this sense; 1717 or earlier in sense A. 1). Compare also iron period n. 2.Hesiod ( Works & Days 176) uses ancient Greek σιδήρεον γένος , ‘race of iron’, to denote the generation of the iron age (compare sense A. 1) but does not have an expression corresponding to iron age. A. n.¹ 1. Chiefly with lower-case initials. In Greek and Roman mythology: the last and worst age of humankind following the golden, silver, brazen, and (sometimes) heroic ages. Hence allusively: any age or period characterized by wickedness, oppression, or debasement. Cf. iron adj. 6.The myth of the ages of humankind is first recorded in Hesiod's Works & Days 109 ff., and was subsequently retold by Aratus ( Phaenomena 96-136), who omits the heroic and iron ages, and Ovid ( Metamorphoses 1. 89-150), among others. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > [noun] > period of evil Iron Age?1532 the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > [noun] > time of > prolonged Iron Age?1532 ?1532 T. Paynell tr. Erasmus De Contemptu Mundi vii. sig. G The sedes of all myschyefes are so sprouted out, that nowe in our dayes we passe and farre excede ye iron age [L. ferream illam aetatem], wherof men sange a thousande yeres ago. a1591 H. Smith Poore Mans Teares (1592) 1 In these daies, and in this iron age, it is as hard a thing to perswade men to part with money, as to pull out their eies and cast them away. 1656 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival (title) The historie of this Iron Age [Fr. Abrégé de l'histoire de ce siècle de fer]. 1693 T. Creech tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires xiii. 259 Worse than the Iron Age, and wretched Times Roul on. 1754 D. Hume Let. 8 Oct. (1932) I. 195 But perhaps you have so corrupted a Taste as to prefer your Iron Age, to be met with in London..where Luxury & Vice..abound. 1772 J. W. Fletcher Logica Genevensis xi. 188 Does not this exceed Ovid's description of the iron-age? 1816 G. S. Faber Origin Pagan Idolatry II. iii. i. 4 The iron age ushered in the deluge. 1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. iii. iii. 257 These last bear some resemblance to the golden, silver, brazen, and iron ages of the Greeks. 1900 J. A. H. Murray Romanes Lect. 36 The golden age of Latinity had passed into a silvern, and that into a brazen and an iron age. 1921 Freeman 29 June 381/2 The world deteriorated slowly from the Golden to the Iron Age, and..the very soil became harder for the husbandman to till. 1991 F. A. de Armas in L. Fothergill-Payne & P. Fothergill-Payne Parallel Lives iv. 312 The approaching chaos of the ever more violent and wicked iron age leads to the fall or return of Astraea in both Shakespeare and Calderón. 2. Chiefly with lower-case initials. An age or period characterized by the use or manufacture of iron.Originally with allusion to sense A. 1, but subsequently an extended use of sense A. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > time > period > [noun] timeOE daysOE sitheOE agec1325 siecle1483 secle?1533 Iron Age1592 cycle1842 time span1880 1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Huntington Libr. copy) sig. C3 This is an yron age, or rather no yron age, for swordes and bucklers goe to pawne a pace in Long-Lane. 1600 T. Middleton Ghost of Lucrece sig. B6^v Yron must haue fire, this is an yron age: Our soules like smithes with anuills of desire, Beate on our flesh, and still we sparkle fire. 1838 J. Poole Crotchets in Air 60 How would you name the present age? The Iron Age, but that it lacks novelty. The Age of Smoke—or of Steam? 1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 107 The Iron Age has passed; this is the Age of Steel. We shall see immediately that even our ‘tin’ pots and kettles are now made of steel. 1942 Life 19 Oct. 71/1 It was the flame-breathing Bessemer converter, in last part of the 19th Century, that converted the iron age into the age of steel. 1970 Bulletin (Sydney) 14 Feb. 17/1 Off the sheep's back, into the iron age. 2005 New Scientist 22 Oct. 35/1 It could spell the start of a new iron age, and not just for cars. 3. Archaeology. With the. The period in which iron-working techniques were first introduced in a particular region; spec. (in the Three Age System of C. J. Thomsen) the prehistoric period following the Stone and Bronze Ages in Europe.Sometimes subdivided into the Early, Middle, and Late Iron Ages.The date at which iron-working techniques were adopted varies considerably by region. The European Iron Age is conventionally taken as beginning in southeastern Europe in the early first millennium b.c. (the technology probably having been introduced from Asia Minor), and gradually spreading north and west. In much of Europe the Iron Age is taken as ending with the beginning of the Roman period, while in regions outside the Roman Empire it is regarded as continuing until the medieval period.Quot. 1845 is from a review of R. Bertelsen tr. J. J. A. Worsaae Dänemarks Vorzeit durch Alterthümer und Grabhügel beleuchtet (1844). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > a civilization or culture > [noun] > Iron Age iron period1775 Iron Age1845 the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [noun] > prehistoric periods dark ages1842 Iron Age1845 iron period1847 stone period1849 lithic age1862 Aurignac1863 stone age1864 three ages1866 Palaeolithic1869 Middle Stone Age1870 prehistory1871 stone era1873 Siwalik1877 Neolithic1878 hemera1893 Mesvinian1909 Mesolithic1931 Abbevillian1937 Devensian1968 Creswellian1969 dryas1975 1845 Archaeol. Jrnl. 2 292 The second division treats of Barrows and Tumuli under the several heads of, 1. Graves of the Age of Stone. 2. Of the Bronze, and 3. Of the Iron Age. 1847 I. A. Blackwell in T. Percy et al. tr. P. H. Mallet Northern Antiq. (rev. ed.) x. 211 The barrows with wooden mortuary chambers, are placed by the learned antiquaries in the Iron Age. [No corresponding sentence in the French original.] 1866 J. Lubbock in Notices Proc. Royal Inst. Great Brit. 4 33 The most remarkable lake-dwelling of the Iron age, is that at Téne. 1889 Sc. Leader 15 Jan. 7/1 The general character of the antiquities found is that of the Iron Age. 1901 W. Ridgeway Early Age of Greece I. ii. 237 After the Terramare came the Early Iron Age. 1952 G. H. Dury Map Interpr. xiv. 161 This area was more deeply penetrated in the Iron Age than in earlier times. 1978 R. Mauny in J. D. Fage Cambr. Hist. Afr. II. v. 332 Most West African peoples passed directly from the Neolithic to the Iron Age. 2005 B. Cunliffe Iron Age Communities Brit. (ed. 4) xviii. 501 Our understanding of the bronzeworking in the Iron Age is being improved dramatically by metal analyses. B. adj. Archaeology. Of, belonging to, or dating from the Iron Age (sense A. 3). Also: designating this period. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > a civilization or culture > [adjective] > specific prehistoric Bronze Age1863 Iron Age1868 Cromerian1922 Olmecan1929 Ahrensburg1931 Ghassulian1931 Yuma1932 Dorset1933 Oldowan1934 Cortaillod1940 Clovis1943 Olmec1943 Ahrensburgian1950 Ubaid1952 Olmecoid1956 pre-Clovis1962 Lapita1971 1868 Q. Rev. Oct. 428 In the Lake of Neufchâtel is another steinberg.., which contains in vast quantities the relics of an Iron-Age settlement. 1883 J. Anderson Scotl. in Pagan Times: Iron Age v. 259 This unique series of objects..illustrates a peculiar phase of the early Celtic or Iron Age culture and civilisation of our country. 1933 Jrnl. Royal Soc. Antiquaries Ireland 63 252 The technique of the engraving would show that the pin is Iron Age. 1964 New Scientist 27 Feb. 524/3 It contained a large collection of beautiful iron age pottery, but no graves were found. 1986 S. Afr. Archaeol. Bull. 41 34/1 Sheep of the Ruchera type may have arrived in the Mutoko area..early in the Iron Age period. 2011 Daily Tel. 19 Aug. 3/6 It is thought Silchester was the stronghold of Caractacus, an Iron Age chieftain of the Catuvellauni tribe and a hero of the British resistance to Roman rule. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹adj.?1532
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Iron Agen.1adj.

Iron Agen.¹adj.