internecineadj.

Brit.

/ˌɪntəˈniːsʌɪn/, U.S.

/ˌɪn(t)ərˈnɛˌsin/,

/ˌɪn(t)ərˈniˌsaɪn/,

/ˌɪn(t)ərˈnisən/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin internecīnus, internecīvus.

Etymology: < classical Latin internecīnus, variant of internecīvus fought to the death, devastating, murderous (see internecive adj.).The later semantic development of the word, starting with Johnson (see quot. 1755 at sense 1b), reflects reanalysis as if < inter- prefix + classical Latin nec- , nex violent death (see necation n.) + -ine suffix¹. Johnson cites Butler (compare quot. 1663 at sense 1a), who uses the word in its classical Latin sense, as the earliest authority for the English adjective. In sense 3 perhaps also influenced by a reanalysis of the main element as related to Latin nexus the action of binding, a bond, tie, a type of legal obligation, a combination, connected group.

1. Of conflict, esp. warfare.

†a. Characterized by great loss of life; deadly, very destructive, devastating. Obsolete.In later use passing into sense 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > slaughter > [adjective]

butcherly1528

butcherlike1555

butchering1574

butcherous1575

massacring1585

slaughtering?1592

massacrous1593

butchery1626

carnificial1632

internecine1642

murdering1667

carnificine1681

genocidal1948

society > armed hostility > war > types of war > [noun] > war to the death

internecine1642

war to the knife1812

internecinal war1829

internecion1848

jihad1880

1642 J. Cranford Teares of Ireland To Rdr. sig. A4 How bloudy were the persecutions raised against the Waldenses.., what internecine wars were stirred up against the Hussites in Bohemia?

1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 59 Th' Ægyptians worshipp'd Dogs, and for Their faith made internecine [1674 fierce and zealous] war.

1715 S. Nye Explic. Articles of Divine Unity iv. 110 Diversity of Opinion..is by all good Men to be avoided; as begetting Schisms, and they bitter and cruel Strifes; and they again (in the end) internecine Wars.

a1794 C. Pigott Polit. Dict. (1795) 142 Taxes, these are imposts laid on the common bounties of nature.., to assist despots in carrying on bloody and internecine wars against human life, human liberty, and human happiness.

1843 W. E. Gladstone in Foreign & Colonial Q. Rev. Oct. 591 Rome has written on her banners..the alternatives only of internecine war or absolute surrender.

1859 J. E. Tennent Ceylon II. vi. i. 24 An internecine war now raged for years in Ceylon.

1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 170 The war was henceforward, in the literal sense of the word, internecine.

b. In which either side aims to kill or destroy the other. Also in weakened sense: mutually antagonistic, bitter.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > [adjective] > mutually killing

self-kill1599

internecine1755

internecive1819

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Internecine, endeavouring mutual destruction.

1772 J. Tucker Let. 10 Dec. in Lett. to Rev. Dr. Kippis (1773) i. 31 Both Parties..carried on a Kind of internecine War, in which no Quarter was to be given.

1830 Fraser's Mag. 1 748 The internecine and flagrant debellation which I have had with..Sir James Scarlett.

1871 Spectator 17 June 728/1 The bourgeoisie are just as likely to demand the extermination of the aristocracy, as the working-class to declare internecine war on the bourgeoisie.

1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity I. 556 Eight thousand Zealots, who stabbed each other in internecine massacre.

1918 Royal Engineers Jrnl. July 30 A morality which abhors arbitrary conduct, violence and untruthfulness in international politics..; which is opposed to internecine strife between nations.

1948 V. C. Jones Hatfields & McCoys i. 2 Most of the witnesses to this spell of internecine slaughter [between feuding families] have their details in order.

2007 F. Cerutti Global Challenges for Leviathan vii. 192 Scientists..claimed that only by uniting in a world government the peoples could avoid internecine nuclear wars.

2. Of an enemy, enmity, hatred, etc.: mortal, deadly, bitter; (also) implacable, irreconcilable. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > [adjective] > (of hatred) bitter, intense, or violent

Vatinian1607

internecine1692

1692 L. Milbourne Myst. in Relig. Vindicated 277 That internecine hatred which concludes in nothing but blood.

1793 H. A. Selby Fruits of Retirement 22 When internecine spirits engage, who can tell where the mischief will end?

1795 Rights & Remedies: Pt. II 68 The ancient internecine enmity of Rome and Carthage will be renewed.

1799 W. Drennan 2nd Let. to Rt. Hon. W. Pitt 19 This new calamity about to fall on my country, to become the seat of war between the internecine principles that are devastating Europe.

1868 C. Kingsley in Good Words Jan. 23/2 Living things Compete in internecine greed.

1893 L. Stephen in Contemp. Rev. Aug. 162 If the wolf is extirpated as an internecine enemy.., there may be more sheep.

1919 A. B. Rhine tr. H. Graetz Pop. Hist. Jews I. ii. iii. 283 The Samaritans the internecine foes of the Judaeans for a long time.

3. Of conflict, rivalry, etc.: that takes place within a group, society, or organization; internal, civil, domestic.In early quots. perhaps merely a contextual use of sense 1b.

ΚΠ

1834 Standard 27 Oct. The flagrant repugnance, political and personal, amongst the leaders of the liberal party,—the internecine war between Lords Brougham and Durham.

1846 C. F. Henningsen E. Europe & Emperor Nicholas III. iv. 155 France..though powerful enough to have defied, if not to have mastered its continental neighbours, was still so difficult to preserve against internecine dangers, and to defend against itself.

1898 Jrnl. Common Council City of Detroit 1897 387/1 The petty and puerile internecine squabbles of the honorable body called the Park Commission.

1907 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 23 381 Internecine conflict..is perpetually altering its [sc. the nation's] organism from within.

1977 J. Draper in S. Kostof Architect 223 Everyone..helped one another, at the same time maintaining a friendly internecine rivalry.

1991 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 22 Oct. 58/3 Internecine wars among the Cossack hetmans, uprisings against the tsar, and pestilence and starvation devastated the land.

2013 Northern Echo (Nexis) 18 Dec. Internecine warfare..has blighted Conservative political and fundraising activity in Thirsk & Malton for the past several years, creating schisms and unpleasantness between friends.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	internecine
释义	internecineadj. Brit. /ˌɪntəˈniːsʌɪn/, U.S. /ˌɪn(t)ərˈnɛˌsin/, /ˌɪn(t)ərˈniˌsaɪn/, /ˌɪn(t)ərˈnisən/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin internecīnus, internecīvus. Etymology: < classical Latin internecīnus, variant of internecīvus fought to the death, devastating, murderous (see internecive adj.).The later semantic development of the word, starting with Johnson (see quot. 1755 at sense 1b), reflects reanalysis as if < inter- prefix + classical Latin nec- , nex violent death (see necation n.) + -ine suffix¹. Johnson cites Butler (compare quot. 1663 at sense 1a), who uses the word in its classical Latin sense, as the earliest authority for the English adjective. In sense 3 perhaps also influenced by a reanalysis of the main element as related to Latin nexus the action of binding, a bond, tie, a type of legal obligation, a combination, connected group. 1. Of conflict, esp. warfare. †a. Characterized by great loss of life; deadly, very destructive, devastating. Obsolete.In later use passing into sense 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > slaughter > [adjective] butcherly1528 butcherlike1555 butchering1574 butcherous1575 massacring1585 slaughtering?1592 massacrous1593 butchery1626 carnificial1632 internecine1642 murdering1667 carnificine1681 genocidal1948 society > armed hostility > war > types of war > [noun] > war to the death internecine1642 war to the knife1812 internecinal war1829 internecion1848 jihad1880 1642 J. Cranford Teares of Ireland To Rdr. sig. A4 How bloudy were the persecutions raised against the Waldenses.., what internecine wars were stirred up against the Hussites in Bohemia? 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 59 Th' Ægyptians worshipp'd Dogs, and for Their faith made internecine [1674 fierce and zealous] war. 1715 S. Nye Explic. Articles of Divine Unity iv. 110 Diversity of Opinion..is by all good Men to be avoided; as begetting Schisms, and they bitter and cruel Strifes; and they again (in the end) internecine Wars. a1794 C. Pigott Polit. Dict. (1795) 142 Taxes, these are imposts laid on the common bounties of nature.., to assist despots in carrying on bloody and internecine wars against human life, human liberty, and human happiness. 1843 W. E. Gladstone in Foreign & Colonial Q. Rev. Oct. 591 Rome has written on her banners..the alternatives only of internecine war or absolute surrender. 1859 J. E. Tennent Ceylon II. vi. i. 24 An internecine war now raged for years in Ceylon. 1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 170 The war was henceforward, in the literal sense of the word, internecine. b. In which either side aims to kill or destroy the other. Also in weakened sense: mutually antagonistic, bitter. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > [adjective] > mutually killing self-kill1599 internecine1755 internecive1819 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Internecine, endeavouring mutual destruction. 1772 J. Tucker Let. 10 Dec. in Lett. to Rev. Dr. Kippis (1773) i. 31 Both Parties..carried on a Kind of internecine War, in which no Quarter was to be given. 1830 Fraser's Mag. 1 748 The internecine and flagrant debellation which I have had with..Sir James Scarlett. 1871 Spectator 17 June 728/1 The bourgeoisie are just as likely to demand the extermination of the aristocracy, as the working-class to declare internecine war on the bourgeoisie. 1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity I. 556 Eight thousand Zealots, who stabbed each other in internecine massacre. 1918 Royal Engineers Jrnl. July 30 A morality which abhors arbitrary conduct, violence and untruthfulness in international politics..; which is opposed to internecine strife between nations. 1948 V. C. Jones Hatfields & McCoys i. 2 Most of the witnesses to this spell of internecine slaughter [between feuding families] have their details in order. 2007 F. Cerutti Global Challenges for Leviathan vii. 192 Scientists..claimed that only by uniting in a world government the peoples could avoid internecine nuclear wars. 2. Of an enemy, enmity, hatred, etc.: mortal, deadly, bitter; (also) implacable, irreconcilable. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > [adjective] > (of hatred) bitter, intense, or violent Vatinian1607 internecine1692 1692 L. Milbourne Myst. in Relig. Vindicated 277 That internecine hatred which concludes in nothing but blood. 1793 H. A. Selby Fruits of Retirement 22 When internecine spirits engage, who can tell where the mischief will end? 1795 Rights & Remedies: Pt. II 68 The ancient internecine enmity of Rome and Carthage will be renewed. 1799 W. Drennan 2nd Let. to Rt. Hon. W. Pitt 19 This new calamity about to fall on my country, to become the seat of war between the internecine principles that are devastating Europe. 1868 C. Kingsley in Good Words Jan. 23/2 Living things Compete in internecine greed. 1893 L. Stephen in Contemp. Rev. Aug. 162 If the wolf is extirpated as an internecine enemy.., there may be more sheep. 1919 A. B. Rhine tr. H. Graetz Pop. Hist. Jews I. ii. iii. 283 The Samaritans the internecine foes of the Judaeans for a long time. 3. Of conflict, rivalry, etc.: that takes place within a group, society, or organization; internal, civil, domestic.In early quots. perhaps merely a contextual use of sense 1b. ΚΠ 1834 Standard 27 Oct. The flagrant repugnance, political and personal, amongst the leaders of the liberal party,—the internecine war between Lords Brougham and Durham. 1846 C. F. Henningsen E. Europe & Emperor Nicholas III. iv. 155 France..though powerful enough to have defied, if not to have mastered its continental neighbours, was still so difficult to preserve against internecine dangers, and to defend against itself. 1898 Jrnl. Common Council City of Detroit 1897 387/1 The petty and puerile internecine squabbles of the honorable body called the Park Commission. 1907 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 23 381 Internecine conflict..is perpetually altering its [sc. the nation's] organism from within. 1977 J. Draper in S. Kostof Architect 223 Everyone..helped one another, at the same time maintaining a friendly internecine rivalry. 1991 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 22 Oct. 58/3 Internecine wars among the Cossack hetmans, uprisings against the tsar, and pestilence and starvation devastated the land. 2013 Northern Echo (Nexis) 18 Dec. Internecine warfare..has blighted Conservative political and fundraising activity in Thirsk & Malton for the past several years, creating schisms and unpleasantness between friends. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1642
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