iso-comb. form

1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. iii. iii. 804 The points which indicate the places of the spectators will lie in..a..curve, which may be termed the iseidomal or the isacoustic curve, that is, one of equal seeing or hearing.

1900 C. Davison in London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 49 43 An isacoustic line may be defined as a line which passes through all places in which the percentage of persons who hear the sound is the same.

1938 L. D. Leet Pract. Seismol. viii. 282 Curves passing through the places at which equal percentages of the observers heard the earthquake sound were drawn in 1899, and Davison, followed by Knott and de Montessus, called them isacoustic lines.

1855 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Isadelphous.

1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. 417/1 Isadelphous,..when the number of stamens in two phalanges is equal.

1881 Nature 21 July 266/2 Elucidated by means of ‘isanomals’ (or lines of equal temperature-anomalies).

1887 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon I[sanomal] line.

1900 Geogr. Jrnl. 15 662 Maps of isotherms and isanomalous lines for January and July.

1927 W. G. Kendrew Climates of Continents 3 ‘Isanomalous lines’ for any month or for the year are lines drawn through places with the same anomaly.

1943 G. T. Trewartha Introd. Climate (ed. 2) i. 56/2 If lines, called isanomals, are drawn on a world map, joining places of equal thermal anomaly, an isanomalous map is the result.

1967 R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Atmospheric Sci. & Astrogeol. 985/1 Isanomalous lines drawn on a map..reflect regional distortions of the world patterns.

1881 Nature 26 May 94/2 Relations between isobars and isanomalies of temperature.

1930 Meteorol. Gloss. (Meteorol. Office) (ed. 2) 109 Isanomaly. This word..is used of lines joining all points on a map or chart having equal anomalies, or differences from normal, of a particular meteorological element.

1931 F. H. Lahee Field Geol. (ed. 3) xxiii. 674 Equal anomalies may be connected by flowing lines called isonomalies, or isanomalies, which express in gammas the local variations from the average total magnetic intensities in the area.

1962 F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics v. 199 Lines of regional vertical intensity are constructed, as are isonomaly charts expressing in gammas the local variations in the average total magnetic intensity of a given region.

1967 R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Atmospheric Sci. & Astrogeol. 507/2 Isanomaly, lines or contours of equal anomalies or departures from normal (often used with gravity anomalies, cf. Isogal).

1855 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Isantherous.

1848 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 9 ii. 323 Quêtelet proposes isanthesical lines (lines of simultaneous flowering).

1855 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Isanthus, applied by G. Allman to those plants which have the perigones or teguments of all their flowers alike: isanthous.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXIII. 285/1 The lines of constant energy on the diagram are called Isenergics.

1925 Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 60 581 The isenthalpic curves themselves contain valuable information.

1937 M. W. Zemansky Heat & Thermodynamics xiv. 245 (caption) Isenthalpic states of a gas.

1937 M. W. Zemansky Heat & Thermodynamics xiv. 246 The numerical value of the slope of an isenthalpic curve on a t–P diagram at any point is called the Joule–Kelvin coefficient.

1973 J. S. Turton Macroscopic Thermodynamics iv. 81 The process undergone by the gas or vapour in passing through the constriction cannot be represented by an isenthalpic curve.

1873 J. W. Gibbs in Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts & Sci. II. 311 If, however, we..call that quantity entropy..it seems natural to..call the lines in which this quantity has a constant value isentropic.

1873 J. W. Gibbs in Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts & Sci. II. 327 Although the inclination of the isentropics is independent of the quantity of gas under consideration, the rate of increase of η will vary with this quantity.

1885 Williamson & Tarleton Dynamics (1889) §326 In a reversible transformation, if no heat be lost or gained by the body.., this curve is called an adiabatic or isentropic curve.

1923 G. N. Lewis & M. Randall Thermodynamics xii. 137 In such an isentropic compression there will ordinarily be a change in temperature.

1951 C. L. Brown Basic Thermodynamics vi. 88 Two additional relations..relate temperature and volume and pressure and volume for an isentropic.

1956 G. C. McVittie Gen. Relativity & Cosmol. vii. 123 An equation determining the function F in isentropic flow.

1951 C. L. Brown Basic Thermodynamics vi. 89 The gas expands isentropically and is exhausted at 15 psia.

1972 Nature 15 Sept. 139/2 The pressure applied to an implosion system does PdV work generating kinetic energy which is converted near isentropically to internal energy concentrated in the compressed volume.

1853 H. W. Dove (title) Distribution of Heat over the surface of the Globe, illustrated by isothermal, thermic, isabnormal and other curves of temperature.

1888 R. Abercromby Weather i. 7 These lines were called isabnormals, that is, equal from the mean.

1956 H. Whitehall in Kenyon Rev. 420 There is..in much of Milton, isochronic counterpointed with isoaccentual rhythm. In some poems of Dylan Thomas, we find a most elaborate counterpoint of isoaccentual..and, apparently, isotonic rhythms.

1957 N. Frye Sound & Poetry 143 Isoaccentual, or, as it is often called, isosyllabic rhythm weights with stress.

1904 Alienist & Neurologist XXV. 386 The serum from such blood was also isoagglutinating.

1910 Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull. 21 70/1 Human beings can be divided into four groups according to the ability of their serum to cause isoagglutination and of their corpuscles to be isoagglutinated.

1921 Biol. Bull. 40 18 The iso-agglutinating power of the egg-water.

1967 D. M. Weir Handbk. Exper. Immunol. iv. 87 The isoagglutinating activity found in this sedimentation region of human serum.

1907 Jrnl. Med. Res. 17 338 Human bloods may be separated into three rather definite groups as regards iso~agglutination.

1921 Biol. Bull. 40 17 In iso-agglutination round solid masses of agglutinated spermatozoa form in a few seconds.

1927 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 88 1422/1 Dr. Karl Landsteiner has suggested the substitution of the well known letters O, A, B and AB for the Jansky numbers I, II, III and IV and the Moss numbers IV, II, III and I. The letters will..express the actual constitution of the blood corpuscles with respect to iso-agglutination, as far as it concerns the separation of the groups.

1970 Exper. Cell Res. LIX. 37 (heading) Jelly coat substances of sea urchin eggs. I. Sperm isoagglutination and sialo~polysaccharide in the jelly.

1902 Science 28 Nov. 858/1 The isoagglutinative and isolytic properties of human serums in health and in disease.

1911 Jrnl. Exper. Med. 13 537 Isoagglutinative serum is active at a considerable dilution.

1903 W. A. N. Dorland Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 3) 350/1 iso-agglutinin.

1971 J. A. Bellanti Immunol. iii. 78 All mature individuals possess antibody in their serum, the so-called ‘naturally occurring’ isoantibodies (isoagglutinins) directed against the antigenic determinant absent from their own erythrocytes.

1926 K. Landsteiner & D. H. Witt in Jrnl. Immunol. 11 240 The main human iso-agglutinogens A and B are to be detected not only by human serum but also by the sera of animals.

1972 W. E. Haesler Immunohematol. i. 2 Immunohematology deals with hemagglutinogens (isoagglutinogens, immunogens, antigens) that are a natural phenomenon in human beings.

1943 Stern & Schaeffer in Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 29 361 Different alleles indistinguishable except by special tests will be called isoalleles.

1970 Sci. Amer. Mar. 104 These slightly different forms of the same gene that perform the same function are called isoalleles.

1944 Genetics 29 485 These crosses established the iso-allelic if not identical nature of all seven pyd mutants.

1961 Lancet 29 July 262/2 An isochromosome carries, on its two symmetrical arms, duplicate gene loci each influencing the same character. These arms can be both isologous and isoallelic.

1919 L. & H. Hirschfeld in Lancet 18 Oct. 676/1 The antibodies produced within the species which we call isoantibodies..act..only against the differences between the blood of the animal which provides the blood for injection and that of the recipient.

1936 Jrnl. Immunol. 30 445 (heading) Procedure for the determination of isoantigens in saliva.

1971 J. A. Bellanti Immunol. iii. 76 Homologous antigens or isoantigens (alloantigens) are those genetically controlled antigenic determinants which distinguish one individual of a given species from another.

1938 Jrnl. Pathol. & Bacteriol. 44 249 Iso-antigenic factors present in the grafted tissue and absent in the host are capable of eliciting a response which results in the destruction of the graft.

1971 J. A. Bellanti Immunol. iii. 80 New human iso~antigenic specificities.

1885 S. Tromholt Aurora Borealis I. 248 I have called these lines iso-aurores.

1892 G. De Geer in Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. XXV. 457 To get a general view of the warping of land..I have used the graphic method of Mr. G. K. Gilbert..and have connected with lines of equal deformation, or as I have called them isobases, such points of the limit as were uplifted to the same height.

1903 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. (ed. 4) I. 386 De Geer has traced lines of equal deformation round this centre, and has found that these lines (isobases) group themselves in concentric circles.

1924 J. G. A. Skerl tr. A. Wegener Orig. Continents & Oceans 22 The isobase maps of de Geer..show a depression of the central portion of Scandinavia of at least 250 m.

1957 J. K. Charlesworth Quaternary Era II. xlv. 1289 (caption) Map of the sea's greatest area in Baltoscandia (black), with areas of most important glacier-lakes (shaded) and isobases of uplift in metres.

1969 G. M. Bennison & A. E. Wright Geol. Hist. Brit. Isles xvi. 366 It is still not possible to construct accurate isobases (lines joining points of equal uplift) for Britain, as has been done in the case of Scandinavia.

1932 E. G. Woods Baltic Region x. 121 A glance at such a map with the isobasic lines indicated, shows the late-glacial sea at about its maximum development.

1889 Advt. New patent ‘Isobath’ Constant-level inkstand.

1895 Rep. Sci. Results Voy. H.M.S. Challenger, Summary I. 55 Bauche..is..considered as the first to make use of isobaths for the sea.

1903 Nature 29 Oct. 632 Warm currents follow the trend of deepest isobaths.

1938 Jrnl. Marine Res. 1 138 (caption) Isobaths (light broken lines) for every ten meters depth.

1956 Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 75 335 Miner's map is our primary source of that shore line..just as it is for the contained isobaths. The Commission..has in no way modified the lakes except to build a bathing beach and boat docks.

1972 Nature 4 Feb. 253/2 Thus Corsica makes a good fit with France along the 1,000-metre isobath.

1895 Rep. Sci. Results Voy. H.M.S. Challenger, Summary I. 50 These isobathic curves are intended to show that certain elevations of the sea-bottom correspond with the orography of the neighbouring land.

1903 Geogr. Jrnl. Aug. 128 Towards the west this wall of limestone does not rise as high above the water, although the adjacent soundings are still so deep that the 100-metre isobathic line approaches to within 200 metres of the shore.

1957 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 743/2 The isobathic chart of the Severn estuary..shows a progressive deepening seaward by means of V-shaped lines which become blunter westward.

1876 Sir C. W. Thomson cited in Cent. Dict. for Isobathytherm.

1887 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Isobilateral, equal and alike on both sides.

1898 A. Dastre in Smithsonian Rep. 543 Two weights of different aliments for which these numerical values are the same are said to be isodynamogenic, isobiogenetic, or isoenergetic weights.

1835 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (1848) II. 67 Cassini suggests isodynamous or isobrious for dicotyledons.

1886 Sci. Amer. Suppl. 22 9154/2 For 24 separate thunderstorms, drawings were made of the ‘isobronts’, isobars, and isothermals... The ‘isobronts’, or the lines uniting the places where the first peal of thunder was simultaneously heard, had in general a north-south direction.

1922 Exper. Station Rec. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) Sept. 370 The sugar tolerance of the diabetic patient was..more markedly lowered by protein than by isocaloric amounts of fat.

1956 Biol. Abstr. 30 2208/1 Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups receiving an isocaloric diet.

1971 Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. 85 155 Decreasing the amount of protein in the diet, while holding it isocaloric through addition of carbohydrate, resulted in an increase in the ‘excitatory process’ of rats.

1973 Lancet 2 June 1201/2 A programme of work on an isolated group of healthy young men, using isocaloric substitution of glucose syrup..for dietary sucrose.

1971 Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. 85 156 Diets in which carbohydrate and protein were interchanged isocalorically.

1972 Science 19 May 795/1 The animals fed alcohol received the identical diet except that ethanol..isocalorically replaced carbohydrate.

1887 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Isocarpous, equal-fruited. Applied to those phanerogamous plants which have the divisions of the fruit equal in number to the divisions of the perianth.

1885 J. S. Kingsley Standard Nat. Hist. (1888) III. 121 The..Gymnarchidæ, with the lower fins all wanting, and the isocercal tail without a caudal fin.

1885 S. Tromholt Aurora Borealis I. 240 This interesting chart, which he has called an ‘isochasm’ chart, and the lines denoted ‘isochasmes’.

1886 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 425 Isochasms or lines of equal auroral frequency.

1875 H. R. Procter in Encycl. Brit. III. 97/2 Eastward from England, the isochasmic curves tend rapidly northward, Archangel being in the same auroral parallel as Newcastle.

1937 Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb. 59 218 Correlation between rocks of the same bulk-composition metamorphosed under different physical controls—i.e. isochemical correlation.

1951 F. J. Turner & J. Verhoogen Igneous & Metamorphic Petrol. xv. 369 Metamorphism may be considered as commonly approaching, though seldom attaining, the nature of an isochemical change.

1952 T. F. W. Barth Theoret. Petrol. iv. xii. 356 In geological discussions the fact that sediments at the very incipience of metamorphism regularly change their chemical composition has often been neglected. However, these changes are not to be neglected... Isochemical regional metamorphism senso strictu [sic]..does not exist.

1969 W. D. Johns tr. Correns Introd. Mineral. ix. 298 Transformations in an isochemical system depend on the temperature and pressure to which the system has been subjected.

1964 J. Challinor Dict. Geol. (ed. 2) 133/2 A rock changing its mineral composition iso~chemically remains a closed ‘system’.

1973 Nature 23 Mar. 243/2 The thickness of halite salt that could be precipitated isochemically from one basinful of Mediterranean waters..is..only about 20 m.

1890 Rep. on Water Supply & Sewerage Pt. 1: Examinations of Water Supplies & Inland Waters (Massachusetts State Board of Health) 679 In the accompanying map of normal chlorine of Massachusetts, the points of like normal chlorine have been connected by lines which we will call isochlors.

1943 Proc. Royal Irish Acad. 1942–3 B. 48 157 The geochemical data of chlorine are considered with respect to river and surface waters, and equations developed relating the distance of any particular isochlor from the sea coast.

1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. viii. 545 In Europe a greater proportion of rain is derived from air which has moved in perpendicular to the isochlors than is likely to be the case in North America.

1939 C. D. Darlington in Jrnl. Genetics 37 357 The attached-X chromosome has two exactly similar arms united at the centromere. It is what we may call an iso-chromosome.

1972 W. V. Brown Textbk. Cytogenetics xix. 268 The only likely iso~chromosomes found in human beings are of the long arm of a G-group chromosome, probably No. 21, and of the X chromosome.

1889 H. Gadow in Proc. Zool. Soc. 310 The Pteroclidæ..have four loops, which are all closed, left-handed, i.e. isocœlous, and straight.

1915 M. H. Fischer tr. W. Ostwald Handbk. Colloid-chem. iv. 103 We shall term these structures in which disperse phase and dispersion means are chemically isomeric, isocolloids.

1946 J. Alexander Colloid Chem., Theoret. & Appl. VI. xxiii. 531 Wolfgang Ostwald considers high-boiling petroleum fractions as iso~colloids, in which the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium possess the same or similar chemical constitution.

1934 Biol. Abstr. 8 1476/1 Myelin reduction, at least in the iso-cortex, is discontinuous.

1937 C. H. Best & N. B. Taylor Physiol. Basis Med. Pract. lxiii. 1418 The laminated cortex, which in man constitutes the remaining eleven-twelfths [of the cortical area] and in animals is a much smaller fraction of the whole, is called the isocortex.

1951 K. S. Lashley in L. A. Jeffress Cerebral Mechanisms in Behaviour 132 In the rat, I have removed..practically every other part of the isocortex without disturbing visual perception or memory.

1970 Developmental Biol. XXII. 575 Fetal mouse cerebral isocortex from normal animals..was dissociated and aggregated.

1900 E. F. Smith tr. V. von Richter Org. Chem. (ed. 3) II. 435 The carbocyclic substances..belong to the class of isocyclic compounds which consist of rings of atoms of one and the same element.

1904 G. F. Goodchild & C. F. Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. s.v. Closed Chain Compounds When all the atoms in the ring are alike, the ring is called an Isocyclic..Ring.

1932 H. G. Rule tr. J. Schmidt Text-bk. Org. Chem. (ed. 2) ii. i. 347 These [sc. carbocyclic compounds] are sometimes called homocyclic or isocyclic compounds.

1951 I. L. Finar Org. Chem. I. 667 The subject matter is divided into four main divisions: (i) Alicyclic compounds. (ii) Isocyclic compounds. (iii) Heterocyclic compounds. (iv) Natural products.

1887 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Isocyclous, consisting of equal rings.

1855 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Isodactylus,..birds..which have four toes, two in front and two behind: isodactylous.

1900 Proc. Zool. Soc. 20 Feb. 138 Skeleton consisting of..a dermal isodictyal network.

1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xxiv. 208 These two oxides [sc. antimonious and arsenious oxide] are said to be isodimorphous.

1887 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Isodontous, having equal teeth.

1898 A. Dastre in Smithsonian Rep. 543 Two weights of different aliments for which these numerical values are the same are said to be isodynamogenic, isobiogenetic, or isoenergetic weights.

1951 Jrnl. Meteorol. 8 274/1 The distribution of echo intensity from all points in the two-dimensional cut through a storm may be plotted by use of the contour-mapping techniques suggested by Langille and Gunn or Atlas. The latter techniques produce a contour chart showing isopleths of reflected power throughout the area of the storm. (These isopleths will be referred to as ‘isoecho lines’ or ‘power contours’.)

1959 L. J. Battan Radar Meteorol. xv. 141 (heading) Isoecho contouring.

1959 L. J. Battan Radar Meteorol. xv. 141 If range differences are negligible, the isoecho contour corresponds to a line of equal cloud reflectivity and equal rain intensity.

1961 Aeroplane 101 573/2 For general weather observation the C.R. 353 has a 12-in. ppi unit incorporating iso-echo circuits which enable the operator to make cloud density determinations.

1969 New Scientist 4 Dec. 509/1 A..height-finding radar system has been modified to observe cloud and rain up to 160 miles out to sea..and to plot contours of constant rain intensity (iso-echo contours).

1899 Ann. Rep. Board of Regents Smithsonian Inst. 1897–8 543 Two weights of different aliments for which these numerical values are the same are said to be..isoenergetic weights.

1937 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 161 259 The mean free path in paraffin wax of the iso-energetic neutrons obtained by bombarding heavy hydrogen with deuterium ions has been measured.

1937 M. W. Zemansky Heat & Thermodynamics xiv. 281 Show that the slope of an isoenergetic curve on a T–V diagram is equal to [etc.].

1962 Jrnl. Aerospace Sci. 29 400/2 During the first phase of re-entry, the motion is iso~energetic and no significant heating or deceleration problem will exist.

1936 Trans. Faraday Soc. 32 124 As a consequence of the..growth of the micelles the resin passes from its (assumed) isogel state..into the infusible C stage.

1937 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 41 531 Phenol~formaldehyde resins (at least in their initial stages of condensation) are ‘isogels’.

1950 Robitschek & Lewin Phenolic Resins iv. 56 As condensation proceeds, cross-linking takes place between some of the largely spherical bigger molecules (micelles) leading to a structure which..can be likened to a sponge and is termed an isogel.

1924 C. E. Tilley in Geol. Mag. LXI. 169 In the terminology suggested above, this line may be said to be an Isograd... In reality an isograd is the intersection of an inclined isograd surface with the earth's surface.

1956 E. W. Heinrich Microsc. Petrogr. vi. 173 By joining points on a map that mark the initial appearance of each of the diagnostic minerals, mineral isograds (biotite isograd, sillimanite isograd, etc.) may be defined.

1971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth i. 36/2 The garnet isograd for example is the surface (line on the map) separating the garnet-bearing rocks of the garnet zone (high-grade) from the garnet-free rocks of the biotite zone (low grade).

1924 C. E. Tilley in Geol. Mag. LXI. 168 Isograde rocks are those which have originated under closely similar physical conditions of temperature and pressure.

1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) VIII. 298/1 Rocks within the same zone [of metamorphism] may be called..isograde.

1924 C. E. Tilley in Geol. Mag. LXI. 168 Rocks which belong to the same facies can be said to be in the same metamorphic grade, and can be referred to by the terms which I now suggest as isofacial or isogradic.

1926 G. W. Tyrrell Princ. Petrol. xv. 259 In the green-schist facies, a chlorite-quartz-muscovite-schist is isogradic with a green schist composed of chlorite, epidote, and albite.

1968 F. J. Turner Metamorphic Petrol. viii. 376 On this model the isogradic surfaces near the heat source have a reversed dip.

1887 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Isogynous, a term applied to a flower of which the carpels are equal in number to the petals.

1902 C. R. Mann & R. A. Millikan tr. P. Drude Theory of Optics ii. ii. iii. 354 The whole field of view is now..traversed by a black curve, the so-called principal isogyre.

1922 N. H. Winchell & A. N. Winchell Elem. Optical Mineral. (ed. 2) I. xviii. 168 The biaxial optic axis interference figure differs from the uniaxial optic axis interference figure most clearly in the fact that it has only one isogyre instead of two. It also differs..in the fact that the single isogyre is not fixed in position, nor constantly straight, when the crystal is rotated.

1922 N. H. Winchell & A. N. Winchell Elem. Optical Mineral. (ed. 2) I. xviii. 172 As in uniaxial crystals, the isogyres are the locus of all points at which the light emerges with its vibration planes parallel with the planes of the nicols.

1964 N. H. Hartshorne & A. Stuart Pract. Optical Crystallogr. v. 203 These interference bands are symmetrically arranged around the optic axis (or axes)... In addition to these bands there are dark ‘brushes’ or isogyres.

1902 C. R. Mann & R. A. Millikan tr. P. Drude Theory of Optics 354 The loci of those points of the field for which ϕ is constant are the curves of constant direction of polarization (isogyric curves).

1907 F. P. Gay in Jrnl. Med. Res. Dec. 321 The isohemagglutinating power of serum resists heating to 56º C. for thirty minutes.

1907 Jrnl. Med. Res. 17 321 Earlier observers of human isohemagglutination asserted that isoagglutinins occurred only in the sera of pathological states.

1940 Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. 131 205 Breed, sex and age of animals seemed to have no influence on the occurrence of natural isohemagglutination.

1907 Jrnl. Med. Res. 17 334 Such an experiment, in the case of human isohemagglutinins, does more to prove the strict specificity of each ‘bound agglutinin’.

1971 J. A. Bellanti Immunol. ii. 44 It is known that isohemagglutinins—the antibody to blood groups—..may develop as a result of exposure to enteric bacilli, containing blood grouplike substances in their structure.

1905 G. M. Gould Dict. New Med. Terms 318/2 Isohemolysin.

1916 W. V. Brem in Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. LXVII. 190/2 Isohemolysins cannot be used, therefore, in determining blood groups.

1972 W. E. Haesler Immunohematol. i. 2 Hemolysis is most frequently observed in the detection of the group A and B isohemolysins and the Le^a antibodies.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 404/2 South of the Tropic of Capricorn the isohalines run nearly east and west.

1964 Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. 2 71 In winter the fiord water becomes isothermal and isohaline with average temperature and salinity of −1·76°C and 32·75‰.

1964 Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. 2 375 (caption) The increase in salinity in recent decades has altered..the course of the isohalines given in the chart.

1968 G. Neumann Ocean Currents iv. 129 The slope of isobaric surfaces..is small when compared to the slope of isothermal, isohaline (surfaces of equal salinity) and iso-pycnal surfaces.

1904 G. F. Goodchild & C. F. Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 323/1 Isohels, lines connecting places having the same amount of sunshine.

1931 A. A. Miller Climatol. 22 The deviation of sunshine (shown on maps by lines of equal duration known as isohels).

1968 J. Gentilli Sun, Climate & Life (1971) xiii. 141/2 These lines are called iso-pleths as a general term, but..more specifically..isobars (equal pressure), isotherms (equal temperature),..isohels (equal sunshine),..etc.

1897 Geogr. Jrnl. 10 306 König..has found sufficient material for a first attempt to draw ‘isohelic’ lines for Western Europe.

1899 Nature 21 Dec. 172/2 Isobars and isohyets indicating monthly and annual distribution of barometric pressure and rainfall.

1911 C. E. W. Bean ‘Dreadnought’ of Darling xv. 144 The carpet which covers a country within the ten-inch isohyet (rainfall line) is a pretty ticklish thing to play with.

1931 A. A. Miller Climatology 19 Lines drawn through points having equal rainfall during any given period and known as isohyets.

1967 M. J. Coe Ecol. Alpine Zone Mt. Kenya 63 The main peak area has a rainfall of between 30″ and 40″ per annum, the 30″ Isohyet being displaced slightly to the South-west of the peaks.

1889 Cent. Dict. Isohyetal, a. and n.

1895 T. Russell Meteorol. vii. 141 A graphic representation of quantity of rainfall by lines through places having equal depths of rainfall are ‘isohyetals’.

1909 British Rainfall 1908 140 The isohyetal lines are drawn about the 18th of the following month.

1923 Glasgow Herald 1 Feb. 6 Most of these features are..illustrated by maps exhibiting them..by isohyetal lines.

1962 W. Stegner Wolf Willow iv. iv. 281 She knew nothing about minimal annual rainfall, distribution of precipitation, isohyetal lines.

a1864 A. K. Johnston in Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Isohyetose.

1938 Jrnl. Pathol. & Bacteriol. 47 234 Fleisher found evidence of iso-immune reactions working with grafts of renal tissue in the guinea-pig.

1967 D. M. Weir Handbk. Exper. Immunol. xxx. 991 Isoantigenic differences, though usually detected by isoimmune sera, may in some cases also be picked up with antisera produced by immunization across a species gap.

1969 B. Pirofsky Autoimmunization xxi. 479/1 The bulk of knowledge concerning the nature and effect of immune interactions on the erythrocytes has been derived from heteroimmune and isoimmune studies.

1939 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 8 July 126/1 It would seem to resemble agglutinins resulting from iso-immunization following repeated transfusions.

1971 J. A. Bellanti Immunol. iii. 77 Alternatively, isoimmunization can occur during the course of pregnancy when fetal cells..or proteins gain access to the maternal circulation.

1971 Nature 29 Oct. 608/1 The human foetus is at greater risk from maternal iso~immunizations than the bovid foetus.

1926 H. E. Jordan & J. E. Kindred Textbk. Embryol. v. 31 Since the small amount of yolk is evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm, it [sc. the human egg] may also properly be called an isolecithal egg.

1940 L. H. Hyman Invertebrates I. v. 256 When the yolk is slight in amount, it is also more or less evenly dispersed; such eggs are variously termed isolecithal, alecithal, or homolecithal.

1972 P. A. Meglitsch Invertebr. Zool. (ed. 2) iv. 81/2 Isolecithal ova usually cleave in a characteristic manner.

1921 Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. 20 183 The finding and fixing of the isolectic lines is a task of word geography.

1921 Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. 20 182 There is danger in delay if certain phases of dialect life are to be recorded at all, and an accelerated pace in registering them would be advisable, especially in establishing the boundary lines of present dialects, with their maze of isophones, isomorphs, isolexes, and isotaxes, i.e., lines connecting places of identical or nearly identical sounds, forms, words, and syntactical peculiarities.

1963 Amer. Speech 38 127 The regional diversity and the complicated grid of isolexes in the Northern counties.

1963 Amer. Speech 38 128 Any attempt to correlate the isolexes with demographic factors.

1926 Germanic Rev. 1 iv. 285 The isolexic lines of this word..present a hopeless tangle.

1939 L. H. Gray Found. Lang. ii. 26 These lines will be iso~phonic, isotonic, isomorphic, isosyntagmic, or isolexic according as they indicate identical sounds, tones, inflexions, syntax, or vocabulary.

1954 M. A. Pei & F. Gaynor Dict. Linguistics 107 Isolexic lines, lines on a linguistic map, indicating the approximate boundaries of the speech-areas in which a uniformity in the vocabulary of the speakers and in their use of words can be observed.

1944 V. Conrad Methods in Climatol. xiii. 167 Isolines..are fully analogous to contour lines, or to the equipotential lines used in physics... Closed isolines surrounding a region indicate that this is either depressed or elevated.

1961 G. T. Trewartha Earth's Probl. Climates xvi. 237/2 In summer..the isolines of rainfall frequency show a strong zonal arrangement.

1969 Nature 29 Nov. 903/1 Vertical sections show that isolines slope steeply to the surface [of the sea] during upwelling, but the slope of the isoline varies with the parameter chosen.

1970 Biol. Abstr. 51 11534/1 The resulting pattern of the isolines can be readily related to the distribution of a particular organism.

1901 W. A. N. Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 2) 333/2 Iso~lysin.

1910 Jrnl. Hygiene 10 186 The injection of goats' blood into other goats resulted as a rule in the formation of isolysins.

1969 L. H. Crisp Clin. Immunol. & Allergy (ed. 2) xliv. 433/1 Isohemolysins, isolysins, or antibodies capable of lysis of erythrocytes may be found in the serum in paroxysmal hemoglobinuria.

a1909 V. C. Vaughan & F. G. Novy Cellular Toxins 129 Isolysis.

1903 Med. Rec. 14 Feb. 247 The possibility of the formation of isolytic substances was thus established.

1898 J. Milne Seismol. xii. 225 Slight changes in the isomagnetics of a district.

1899 Nature 6 July 236/2 An opportunity will thus be afforded..to obtain some idea of the accuracy with which the isomagnetic lines can be determined.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXX. 461/1 Formulæ giving smooth curves of continuous curvature, approximating as closely as possible to the district lines. These smooth curves are called terrestrial isomagnetics.

1940 S. Chapman & J. Bartels Geomagnetism I. iii. 96 The lines are called isomagnetic lines, and a chart in which the distribution of a magnetic element is thus indicated..is called an isomagnetic chart.

1967 E. H. Vestine in S. Matsushita & W. H. Campbell Physics of Geomagnetic Phenomena I. ii. ii. 185 The isomagnetic lines for declination D or variation of the compass are also called ‘isogonic’ lines.

1880 Eng. Mechanic 24 Sept. 51/3 By tracing on the surface of the globe lines of equal nebulosity, M. Renou gets what he calls isonephs.

1881 Smithsonian Rep. 290 A chart of the world, showing lines of equal annual cloudiness (isonephelic) is given by Rénan.

1900 E. F. Smith tr. V. von Richter Org. Chem. (ed. 3) II. 390 Isonuclear substitution products with adjacent substituents show in general the same deportment as the ortho-substitution products of benzene.

1951 I. L. Finar Org. Chem. I. xxix. 586 Introduction of a second substituent can give rise to homonuclear (isonuclear) substitution..or to heteronuclear substitution.

1908 Jrnl. Exper. Med. 10 137 An iso-osmotic physiologically balanced solution.

1971 Biochem. Jrnl. 121 261 Protein-polysaccharides of knee-joint cartilage of 9-month-old pigs were extracted sequentially with neutral iso-osmotic sodium acetate.

1855 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Isopetalus,..isopetalous.

1849 E. Sabine in J. F. W. Herschel Man. Sci. Enq. (Lords Commissioners Admiralty) 28 The isophænomenal lines are drawn for that portion of the globe in correspondence with the observations.

1900 Nature 24 May 79/2 Microphotography, Isophotography, Megaphotography.

1858 E. Lankester & W. B. Carpenter Veg. Physiol. (new ed.) §397 When the phytoids are of the usual form they are called isophytoids.

1873 J. W. Gibbs in Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts & Sci. II. 311 In the same way we may conceive of lines of equal pressure... These lines we may also call..isopiestic.

1873 J. W. Gibbs in Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts & Sci. II. 313 To prove that the ratio is independent of the shape of the circuit, let us suppose the area..divided up by an infinite number of isometrics..with equal differences of volume dv, and an infinite number of isopiestics..with equal differences of pressure dp.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXIII. 283/2 The isothermals..coincide with the iso-piestics for a saturated vapour in presence of its liquid.

1940 S. Glasstone Text-bk. Physical Chem. ix. 622 If two vessels containing different solutes in the same solvent are placed side by side in a closed space, vapor will distil from the solution of higher vapor pressure and condense in the one having the lower pressure until, when equilibrium is attained, both solutions are exerting the same pressure, that is to say they are isopiestic.

1966 R. Joel Basic Engin. Thermodynamics i. 80 The pressure remains constant throughout the process. It is often referred to as an isobaric or isopiestic process.

1899 W. Watson Text-bk. Physics 274 Isometric lines or isopleres.

1855 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Isopogonus, Ornithol. Applied to a feather, of which the two sides are of equal size: isopogonous.

1931 Compt. Rend. de l'Assemb. de Stockholm 1930 (Union Géod. et Géophys. Internat., Sect. de Magn. et Électr. Terr.) 284 In that year the zero-isopor (the line dividing easterly and westerly change) crossed central Siberia.

1963 J. A. Jacobs Earth's Core v. 53 Considerable changes take place in the general distribution of isopors even within 20 years.

1931 Compt. Rend. de l'Assemb. de Stockholm 1930 (Union Géod. et Géophys. Internat., Sect. de Magn. et Électr. Terr.) 280 A consideration of the most recent published results of secular-variation observations..has revealed some very interesting and important conditions governing isoporic movements.

1940 S. Chapman & J. Bartels Geomagnetism I. iii. 114 The rate of the secular variation in each element at any epoch..can..be represented by..isoporic charts, a term proposed by Harradon.

1973 M. W. McElhinny Palaeomagnetism & Plate Tectonics i. 6 Isoporic foci are not permanent, but grow and decay, their lifetime being of the order of 100 years, during which they move on the earth's surface in a somewhat irregular fashion.

1904 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 8 344 Since adiabatic expansion is isopsychric at points on the neutral curve, this curve is the locus of the points of mutual tangency of the adiabatics and isopsychrics.

1876 S. Kens. Mus. Catal. No. 3989 Isoscope.

1883 Nature 6 Sept. 437/2 Isoseismal lines over the injured districts..assume the form of elongated ellipsoids.

1887 Science (U.S.) 20 May 493/1 The relations of these isoseismals to each other.

1900 Rep. Brit. Assoc. 71 Isoseist.

1895 C. S. Palmer tr. W. Nernst Theoret. Chem. i. v. 121 The investigation of solutions having the same osmotic pressure, viz. the so-called is-osmotic solutions.

1905 W. H. Howell Text-bk. Physiol. 884 A 0· 95 per cent. solution of NaCl is isotonic or isosmotic with mammalian serum.

1967 Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. 5 383 In life the muscle cells are probably isosmotic with the interstitial fluid and the plasma.

1887 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Isospore.

1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 338 Isosporous Vascular Cryptogams. Only one kind of spore is produced.

1881 Nature 15 Sept. 474/1 [Prof. Williamson] divides coals into ‘Iso-sporous’..and ‘Heterosporous’ coals.

1835 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (1848) II. 367 Isostemonous is said of plants the stamens of which are equal in number to the petals.

1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. (ed. 2) 659 In the isostemonous flowers the stamens are sometimes superposed on the petals.

1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. 196 With Isostemony.

1964 Shapiro & Chargaff in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 91 263 There exist procedures permitting the separation of the hydrolysates [of DNA] into a series of fractions, each comprising the equinumerant oligonucleotide runs of a given length... It may be convenient to refer to such a size group as an isostich.

1970 Nature 26 Sept. 1296/1 The tracts were fractionated into isostichs by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose.

1971 F. von der Harr et al. in Cantoni & Davies Procedures Nucleic Acid Res. II. 682 The isostichs can be further separated into their components, differing in base composition, by paper chromatography.

1920 J. Groves & G. R. Bullock-Webster Brit. Charophyta I. 74 Isostichous.

1906 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 89 ii. 1129 It is conceivable that in the case of two ‘isostructural’ substances the actual size of the structural unit may be of the greatest importance.

1965 C. S. G. Phillips & R. J. P. Williams Inorg. Chem. I. xvi. 576 Tellurium is only known in one form, isostructural with grey Se.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xii. [Cyclops] 299 The intricate alliterative and isosyllabic rules of the Welsh englyn.

1943 Jrnl. Theol. Stud. 44 51 The isosyllabic metre of the Greek homilies of Ephraem, typical of Syriac poetry.

1956 H. Whitehall in Kenyon Rev. 18 iii. 420 Of the non-syllabic rhythms, the first, found typically in Old Testament Hebrew verse and in some, though not all, ‘free verse’ is isosyntactic—the recurrent factor is repetition of the same syntactic construction, usually a phrase or clause, in strictly parallel sequences.

1954 M. A. Pei & F. Gaynor Dict. Linguistics 107 Isosyntagmic lines, lines on a linguistic map, indicating the approximate boundaries of the speech-areas in which a uniformity of syntax can be observed.

1957 S. Potter Mod. Ling. vi. 134 On more detailed [linguistic] maps we might construct different kinds of lines called isophonic, isotonic, isomorphic, or isosyntagmic, which would record differentiating features of sound, tone, word-form and clause-structure respectively.

1947 Mineral. Abstr. X. 159 Isogyres and iso-taches (curves of equal velocity) are plotted on a stereographic net.

1955 W. J. Saucier Princ. Meteorol. Anal. x. 304/1 The wind field is analyzed by drawing streamlines and isotachs, which give, respectively, the course of flow and its speed.

1970 Nature 11 Apr. 133/2 (caption) Geostrophic isotachs (in knots) at 500 mbar for 00 GMT November 14, 1968.

1910 Smith & Menzies in Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 32 1420 The purpose of the apparatus being to show when two pressures have become equal, the arrangement may be called an isoteniscope.

1960 Jrnl. Chem. Education 37 533/1 Livingstone suggests the inclusion of a thermometer well in the iso-teniscope bulb so that temperature equilibrium can be ascertained at the time of the pressure measurements.

a1864 Dana in Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Isotrimorphism.

1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Isotrimorphous.

1915 D. White in Jrnl. Washington Acad. Sci. 5 198 Lines were then drawn through the points of equal fixed carbon (or volatile matter). Such lines,..which I have termed ‘isovols’, are drawn to mark each 5 per cent increase in the fixed carbon in the pure coal.

1923 Glasgow Herald 11 June 7 The isovols for the Hutton seam take the form of a number of rings with a common centre to the north-west of Durham.

1928 E. R. Lilley Geol. Petroleum & Nat. Gas v. 113 The greater part of the oil of Pennsylvania is produced from pools lying between the isovols..of 55 and 60%.

1968 D. Murchison & T. S. Westoll Coal xv. 370 Fig. 15 shows lines of equal magnetic vertical intensity and the isovols of the Wealden coals.

1851 E. Forbes Let. to Ramsay in G. Wilson & A. Geikie Mem. E. Forbes (1861) xiv. 488 My new map of marine distribution, with my proposed Isozoic belts on it.

1858 E. Lankester & W. B. Carpenter Veg. Physiol. (new ed.) §397 Isozooids and allozooids.