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单词 jack
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jackn.1

Brit. /dʒak/, U.S. /dʒæk/
Forms: Middle English iak, Middle English jak, Middle English jake, Middle English jakke, Middle English–1500s iake, Middle English–1500s iakke, Middle English–1500s jacke, Middle English–1600s iacke, 1500s iakk, 1500s–1600s iack, 1500s– jack; Scottish pre-1700 gak, pre-1700 iak, pre-1700 jacke, pre-1700 jak, pre-1700 jake, pre-1700 1700s– jack.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French jaque.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman jakke, jacke, jak, Middle French jacque, jaque (1364; French (now hist.) jaque ) short protective garment < jacques peasant (1359 or earlier; compare Jacquerie n.) < the male forename Jacques < post-classical Latin Jacobus (see Jacob n.). Compare later jacket n.The French word was borrowed into many European languages: compare Old Occitan jaque (1362), Catalan jac (1413 as †jaca), Spanish jaco, jaca (1369 as †jaque), Portuguese jaque (15th cent.), Italian giaco (a1400), Middle Dutch jacke (second half of the 14th cent.; Dutch jak), Middle Low German jacke, Middle High German jacke (1482; German Jacke). An alternative derivation of Middle French jaque (via Spanish jaco) < an alleged Arabic form šakk ‘coat of mail’ is invalid, as the Arabic form is a ghost word arising from a misreading of sakk ‘minting of coins’.
†1. A short, close-fitting coat worn by men and women; a jacket, a jerkin. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > jacket
jack1378
jack coat1652
1378 in H. T. Riley Memorials London (1868) 418 (MED) [John Grey..bought..two] paltockes [of black] satyn, [called]jackes.
a1400 Bk. to Mother (Egerton) in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 41 Wommen..with her hornes..rydelid gownes, and rokettis, colers, lacis, jackes, pattokis, with her longe crakowis.
?c1562 Maner of World now Dayes (single sheet) New facioned iackes With brode flappes in the neckes.
1605 S. Rowlands Humors Antique Faces sig. Bv Doe you knowe this fellowe in the veluet Iacke?
2. A short, padded, quilted jacket or tunic, with or without sleeves and usually made of (layers of) leather or canvas stuffed with linen, wool, etc.; often worn as a protective garment, esp. by foot soldiers. Also (more fully jack of plate, jack of mail): a similar tunic or doublet containing a layer of mail or small plates of iron, worn as an alternative to mail or plate armour. See also black jack n.1 Now historical and in historical contexts.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > body armour > [noun] > coat of mail or corselet
ring netOE
burnec1050
briniec1175
hauberk1297
coatc1300
bryn1330
habergeon1377
jackc1380
doublet of defence (or fence)1418
petticoatc1425
gesteron1469
byrnie1488
coat of fence1490
corset1490
corse1507
sark of mail1515
plate-coat1521
shirt of mail1522
mail-coat1535
corslet1563
costlet1578
pewter coat1584
cataphract1591
pyne doublet1600
sponge1600
coat-armour1603
brace1609
coat of arms1613
frock of mail1671
mail-shirt1816
mail-sark1838
society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > body armour > [noun] > plate-coat or -jacket
coatc1300
acton1328
jackc1380
haquetona1400
jazeranta1400
coat of fence1490
halkrig1516
plate-coat1521
coat-armour1603
coat of arms1613
plate-jackc1720
jacket1916
flak jacket1956
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3689 Þorȝ-out ys scheld & is habreioun, Plates, & iakke & ioupoun, þorȝ-out al it ȝot.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 256 Iakke of defence [?a1475 Winch. iak of fence], garment, baltheus.
1449 J. Paston Petition in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 52 A thowsand persones..arrayd in maner of werre with curesse, brigaunderes, jakkes, salettes, gleyfes, bowes, etc.
1481 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1481/4/5 That thai ger make thare jakkis syde to the knee, thai that wantis leg harnes.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. clxxxvii. 573 The kynge had on a iacke couered with blacke veluet, whiche sore chafed hym.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xix. 129 Quhar for i exort ȝou that ȝe change ȝour sperutual habitis..in steil iakkis and in cotis of mailȝe to deffend ȝour bodeis.
a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 48 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) The leather quilted Iacke in iourneying and in camping, for that it is fittest to be under his shirt of Male.
1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue i. 94 They had brought with them good Iackes of Male.
1694 London Gaz. No. 3014. 2/2 Persons..arm'd with Blunderbuss's, Pistols,..Jackcaps, Leather Doublets and Jacks.
1719 D. Jones Compl. Hist. Turks III. Dict. 150 Some of them wear Jacks of Mail.
1786 F. Grose Treat. Anc. Armour 13 The names of the chief pieces, particularly appropriated to the defence of the breast and body, were..the jack, the vambasium, [etc.].
1821 Archaeologia 19 137 The Jack seems to have been the usual habit of the archers before the adoption of what was more strictly the Brigandine.
1889 B. H. Dixon Border or Riding Clans 78 In 1540, James V ordered..that those of a smaller income in the Lowlands have a jack of plate.
1962 P. M. Kendall Yorkist Age 489 Men wearing jacks were so infrequently killed that Louis XI decided to equip his ‘francs archers’ with them.
2016 V. Milán Dinosaur Knights xii. 204 From her stained leather jack he guessed she'd carried a pike in the third or fourth rank.

Phrases

†P1. to lay (a person) on the jack, to lay it on the jack of (a person): to attack, belabour. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1568 Newe Comedie Iacob & Esau v. vi. sig. G.j If I wrought one stroke to day, lay me on the iacke.
1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 127 They..should sticke to it like men, & laye it on the iacks of them.
†P2. to be upon (also on) a person's jack and variants: to attack, assault a person, esp. to attack an enemy from behind; (in extended use) to deal with a person harshly or severely; also figurative. Cf. on, upon the back of at back n.1 23d. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make attack [verb (intransitive)]
onreseeOE
onslayc1275
entera1425
to be upon (also on) a person's jack1588
endeavour?1589
to fall aboard1591
to let fly1611
strikea1616
to lift (up) the hand(s, (occasionally one's arm)1655
to fall on board (of)1658
tilt1708
to walk into ——1794
to run in1815
to peg it1834
to sail in1856
to wade in1863
to light in1868
to roll into ——1888
to make for ——1893
the world > movement > impact > striking > strike or deliver blows [verb (intransitive)] > specific on a person
to be upon (also on) a person's jack1588
to fall about a person's ears1615
to pink (a person's) jacket (also doublet)1673
the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > be hostile [verb (intransitive)] > harass by hostile attacks
to be upon (also on) a person's jack1588
1588 Disc. Pres. Est. France 18 So soone..might the king of Nauar be sure that he would be vpon his iacke.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. vii. xxx. 269 They shall not..stirre and put out their heads, but we will be streight upon their iacks [L. ab tergo].
1619 J. Denison Heauenly Banquet vii. 237 All the Mariners are vpon the iacke of Ionas, and examine him strictly of his person, his profession, his country, his religion, and what not.
1673 Animadversions Two Late Bks. 17 He's on the jack of the present Age, calling it..Barbarous Age.

Compounds

See also jack-maker n.1
† jack-cap n. Obsolete a leather cap worn to protect the head.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > helmet > [noun] > leather skullcap
jack-cap1694
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > cap > types of > made from specific material > other
lettice cap1544
jack-cap1694
paper cap?1697
Dutch cap1726
napkin-cap1735
shell-cap1794
raccoon cap1840
1694 London Gaz. No. 3014. 2/2 Armed with Blunderbuss's, Pistols,..Quarterstaves, Jackcaps, with Dogs, Toyles, and Nets.
1738 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 2) II. 181 To whom [sc. Firemen] they give Jack-Caps of Leather, able to keep them from Hurt, if Brick or Timber, or any thing not of too great a Bulk, should fall upon them.
jack coat n. †(a) profession, class; cf. coat n. 6 (obsolete); (b) = sense 1 (obsolete); (c) = sense 2 (historical).Sense (a) apparently represents an isolated use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > jacket
jack1378
jack coat1652
1652 N. Culpeper Catastrophe Magnatum v. 42 I pray God in these our daies, in which the end of the world is coming, fellows of that jackcoat be not neer of kin to the frogs mentioned in the Revelations 16. 13.14.
1682 in Early Rec. Town of Providence (Rhode Island) (1894) VI. 96 A sarge jack coat, and a sarge paire of breeches.
1713 London Gaz. No. 5086/3 2/1 A Jackcoat and old Leather Breeches.
1863 Scotsman 31 Mar. 2/1 (advt.) Angola Dress Walking Surtout and Jack Coats, Fancy Trousers in Drabs.
2001 I. N. Hume & A. N. Hume Archaeology Martin's Hundred 430/2 Jack coats were made from generally square steel plates.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Jackn.2

Brit. /dʒak/, U.S. /dʒæk/
Forms: Middle English Iakke, Middle English–1500s Jakke, Middle English–1600s Iacke, Middle English–1600s Jacke, late Middle English–1500s Iak, late Middle English–1700s Iack, late Middle English–1700s Jak, 1500s Jake, 1500s– Jack, 1700s Jac; English regional 1800s Jaak (Northumberland), 1800s Jag (Yorkshire); Scottish pre-1700 Jak, pre-1700 Jeak, pre-1700 1700s– Jack, pre-1700 1800s– Jake, 1800s Jaick, 1800s– Jaik, 1800s– Jeck. Also with lower-case initial.
Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Jack.
Etymology: < Jack, pet form of the male forename John (see John n.) < Old French, Middle French (northern) Jakke , apparently (with loss of the nasal) < *Janke < Jan (see John n.) + Middle Dutch -ke (variant of -kijn -kin suffix), after Middle Dutch Janke (compare Yankee n.). Compare John n., Jock n.1, Johnny n.The pet form of the forename is attested in Britain from 1275 or earlier. Specific senses. With sense 19 compare earlier black jack n.2 5. In sense 21g short for jackstone n. With sense 25 compare earlier Jacky n. 2. In sense 26 perhaps a back formation < jack-boy n. With sense 29 compare earlier jacklight n., and also jack v.2 1. With sense 31 compare sense 21c and also to make one's jack at Phrases 1b. In sense 32 probably short for Jack and Jill n. 3, rhyming slang for pill n.3 (although that is attested later). In sense 33 short for Jack's alive n. 2b; compare earlier jacks n. In sense 37a(a) probably short for jackdaw n. 2a. In sense 37c short for jackass n.1 4a. In sense 38 short for jackrabbit n.
The male forename Jack, originally a familiar form of John (see John n.), applied in a wide range of general and specific contexts. Cf. similar uses of John n., Johnny n., Joe n.2, etc.
I. Uses of the simple personal name to refer to a man.
1. As a proper noun.
a. A name given to: a hypothetical man, esp. a representative of the common or ordinary people. Cf. Jock n.1Also in proverbial expressions.Cousin Jack: see cousin n. 2a.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > [noun] > one of the common people
Jackc1390
fellowa1400
commonerc1400
populara1525
plebeianc1550
ungentle1562
Tom Tiler1582
roturier1586
vulgarity1646
little man1707
pleb1795
man of the people1799
the man in the street1831
snob1831
man1860
oickman1925
c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. vii. l. 65 Saue Iacke þe Iogelour and Ionete of þe stuyues.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 7752 Therwhile he hath his fulle packe, Thei seie, ‘A good felawe is Jacke’.
?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 192 (MED) Þanne strumpatis & þeuys preisen sire iacke or hobbe & williem þe proude clerk hou smale þei knacken here notis.
1550 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue (new ed.) i. xi. sig. Bviiiv Iacke wold be a gentilman, yf he could speke frenche.
1685 Trick for Tyburn (single sheet) Now the Doors are open wide, Jack may take his Mare and Ride.
1773 Prudential Lovers I. ii. 17 Every Jack isn't made a general.
1814 S. T. Coleridge Lett. II. 635 Jack, Tom, and Harry have no existence in the eye of the law, except as included in some form or other of the permanent property of the realm.
1884 ‘Humanitas’ Socialism 5 He will..hand it over to the State, which means, according to the new doctrine, Tom, Bill, Jack, or Harry.
1967 D. D. F. Gladwin & J. M. White Eng. Canals I. ii. 13 See how Jack gets on before John starts scratching.
2012 L. S. Temkin Rethinking Good 14 There need be no reason for Jack or Jane to dispute John's claim that A is better than B all things considered.
b. In collocation with the female forename Jill (or Gill); cf. jill n. 1b. Often in proverbial expressions, as Every Jack must (or will) have his Jill, a good Jack makes a good Jill, etc. See also Jack and Jill n.In quot. 1619 with punning allusion to gill n.2
ΚΠ
?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 314 And I wole kepe þe feet þis tyde þow þer come both jakke and gylle.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. iii. 39 For Iak nor for Gill Will I turne my face.
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Aiiiiv What auayleth lordshyp yourselfe for to kyll with care and with thought howe Iacke shalle haue gyl.
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. iii. sig. Gv Al is wel. Iak shal haue gill.
1619 H. Hutton Satyricall Epigrams in Follie's Anat. sig. C8 Fill me a quart (quoth he) I'me called Will: The prouerbe is, Each Iack will haue his-Gill.
1670 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Prov. 108 A good Jack makes a good Gill.
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Gill..a homely Woman. Every Jack must have his Gill.
1732 T. Fuller Gnomologia 112 If Jack's in Love, he's no Judge of Jill's Beauty.
1780 C. Dibdin Songs, Duetts, Trios in Islanders (ed. 2) ii. 13 Ev'ry Jill some Jack can find.
1853 E. Bulwer-Lytton My Novel I. iii. x. 198 If Gill was a shrew, it was because Jack did not, as in duty bound, stop her mouth with a kiss!
1875 A. Thomas Maskleynes I. iii. 68 Every Jack will have his Jill, and if we don't bring the right Jacks and Jills together, it's only human nature that, in their anxiety to pair, they should sometimes pair badly.
1938 Amer. Home June 52/1 (advt.) Two little play suits climbed the hill—One on Jack, and one on Jill.
2015 National Post (Canada) (Nexis) 22 Aug. (Weekend Post section) 14 The Jacks have won their Jills.
c. colloquial (originally U.S.). Used as a form of address to an unknown man.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > anonymity or lack of a name > [noun] > form of address to unknown person
what's-your-name1757
stranger1817
Jack1889
Jimmy1981
1889 A. Barrère & C. G. Leland Dict. Slang I. 490/2 It is common among schoolboys in Philadelphia to address a stranger as Jack.
1943 N.Y. Times 9 May ii. 5/4 Jack, that man had them rolling in the aisles.
1966 S. Kelly in F. Shaw et al. Lern Yerself Scouse 76 Another day before yiz, Jack.
1988 P. A. Roberts W. Indians & their Lang. vi. 150 [Barbados.] But, jack, you didn't tell me so.
2006 B. Serotte Fortune Teller's Kiss v. 102 My dad called everyone ‘Jack’, from gas station attendants to ushers at the Luxor. He was never embarrassed about not knowing your name.
2.
a. As a common noun. An ordinary man or boy; a lad, a fellow; esp. a man of low social status; now chiefly in African-American use (without negative connotations). Also: a contemptible man; a scoundrel, a rogue; a stupid or ignorant man; now chiefly U.S.In later U.S. use, perhaps sometimes short for jackass n.1 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > low or vulgar person > [noun]
gadlinga1300
geggea1300
churlc1300
filec1300
jot1362
scoutc1380
beggara1400
carla1400
turnbroach14..
villainc1400
gnoffc1405
fellowc1425
cavelc1430
haskardc1487
hastardc1489
foumart1508
strummel?a1513
knapper1513
hogshead?1518
jockeya1529
dreng1535
sneakbill1546
Jack1548
rag1566
scald1575
huddle and twang1578
sneaksby1580
companion1581
lowling1581
besognier1584
patchcock1596
grill1597
sneaksbill1602
scum1607
turnspit1607
cocoloch1610
compeer1612
dust-worm1621
besonioa1625
world-worma1625
besognea1652
gippo1651
Jacky1653
mechanic1699
fustya1732
grub-worm1752
raff1778
person1782
rough scuff1816
spalpeen1817
bum1825
sculpin1834
soap-lock1840
tinka1843
'Arry1874
scruff1896
scruffo1959
society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > roguery, knavery, or rascalry > [noun] > rogue, knave, or rascal
harlot?c1225
knavec1275
truantc1290
shreward1297
boinarda1300
boyc1300
lidderon13..
cokinc1330
pautenerc1330
bribera1387
bricouna1400
losarda1400
rascal?a1400
knapea1450
lotterela1450
limmerc1485
Tutivillus1498
knavatec1506
smy?1507
koken?a1513
swinger1513
Cock Lorel?1518
pedlar's French1530
cust1535
rabiator1535
varletc1540
Jack1548
kern1556
wild rogue1567
miligant1568
rogue1568
tutiviller1568
rascallion1582
schelm1584
scoundrel1589
rampallion1593
Scanderbeg1601
scroyle1602
canter1608
cantler1611
skelm1611
gue1612
Cathayana1616
foiterer1616
tilt1620
picaro1622
picaroon1629
sheepmanc1640
rapscallion1648
marrow1656
Algerine1671
scaramouch1677
fripon1691
shake-bag1794
badling1825
tiger1827
two-for-his-heels1837
ral1846
skeezicks1850
nut1882
gun1890
scattermouch1892
tug1896
natkhat1901
jazzbo1914
scutter1940
bar steward1945
hoor1965
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke vi. 65 A common poyncte of pleasure doyng, that euery iacke vseth.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xvi. 108 They send them [sc. geese] to the medowes..vnder the custodie of some little small Iacke, who may keepe them from going..into any forbidden places.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) ii. i. 283 A mad-cap ruffian, and a swearing Iacke . View more context for this quotation
?a1634 J. Day Parl. Bees (1641) sig. D4 A halter stretch thee, such ill-tutord jacks Poyson the fame of Patrons.
1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 387 But Mr. Unbelief was a nimble Jack, him they could never lay hold of. View more context for this quotation
1746 Brit. Mag. 75 Familiar both with peers and Jacks.
1830 Mechanic's Free Press 23 Oct. A common Jack never escapes a dozen for being caught drunk.
1867 G. W. Harris Sut Lovingood 124 An' he wer a jack, ove the longes' year'd kine.
1937 L. MacNeice in W. H. Auden & L. MacNeice Lett. from Iceland 127 Being born the surly jack, the ne'er-do-well, the loiterer.
1960 Twentieth Cent. Apr. 291 A society of prosperous, philistine Jacks, no matter how egalitarian, will not be accepted as socialism.
1980 D. Milne Second Chance iv. 69 That'll teach those jacks to mess around with us.
1993 Source July 52/1 I learn about life from the old jacks.
b. slang. A policeman or detective; (Australian) a military policeman. Cf. John n. 3. Now chiefly historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > policeman
truncheon officer1708
runner1735
horny1753
nibbing-cull1775
nabbing-cull1780
police officer1784
police constable1787
policeman1788
scout1789
nabman1792
nabber1795
pig1811
Bow-street officer1812
nab1813
peeler1816
split1819
grunter1823
robin redbreast1824
bulky1828
raw (or unboiled) lobster1829
Johnny Darm1830
polis1833
crusher1835
constable1839
police1839
agent1841
johndarm1843
blue boy1844
bobby1844
bluebottle1845
copper1846
blue1848
polisman1850
blue coat1851
Johnny1851
PC1851
spot1851
Jack1854
truncheonist1854
fly1857
greycoat1857
cop1859
Cossack1859
slop1859
scuffer1860
nailerc1863
worm1864
Robert1870
reeler1879
minion of the law1882
ginger pop1887
rozzer1888
nark1890
bull1893
grasshopper1893
truncheon-bearer1896
John1898
finger1899
flatty1899
mug1903
John Dunn1904
John Hop1905
gendarme1906
Johnny Hop1908
pavement pounder1908
buttons1911
flat-foot1913
pounder1919
Hop1923
bogy1925
shamus1925
heat1928
fuzz1929
law1929
narker1932
roach1932
jonnop1938
grass1939
roller1940
Babylon1943
walloper1945
cozzer1950
Old Bill1958
cowboy1959
monaych1961
cozzpot1962
policeperson1965
woolly1965
Fed1966
wolly1970
plod1971
roz1971
Smokey Bear1974
bear1975
beast1978
woodentop1981
Five-O1983
dibble1990
Bow-street runner-
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by branch of army > [noun] > military policeman
Jack1854
military policeman1883
redcap1919
snowdrop1944
society > law > law enforcement > police force or the police > [noun] > military police > military policeman
provost marshal1535
provost1590
field marshal1690
provost sergeant1825
Jack1854
military policeman1883
MP1889
redcap1919
shore patrolman1944
snowdrop1944
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer according to function > [noun] > officer in charge of discipline or prisoners
provost marshal1535
provost1590
marshala1599
provost sergeant1825
Jack1854
1854 Proc. Old Bailey 18 Sept. 1229 They said they would put the Jack on me—I suppose meaning the policeman.
1886 W. Newton Secrets Tramp Life Revealed 9 Jack or Teck, detective.
1899 Birmingham Daily Mail 1 Nov. A couple of men who were in plain clothes in the tap-room of a public-house, and were suspected by the ‘gaffer’ of being ‘Jacks’.
1930 Bulletin (Sydney) 1 Jan. 11/2 Blue..looked up and saw two Jacks waiting.
1946 F. Sargeson That Summer 102 We all had to stand there with a crowd of jacks in plain clothes standing round.
1971 J. Wainwright Dig Grave 45 These county coppers..couldn't get their minds unhooked from the words ‘New Scotland Yard’—as if every jack in the Metropolitan Police District worked from there.
2008 K. Summerscale Suspicions Mr. Whicher iv. 52 In the London underworld they [sc. detectives] were known as ‘Jacks’, which captured their classless anonymity.
3. colloquial. (A generic name for) a sailor. Cf. Jack tar n.Originally in Jack Sailor; cf. Compounds 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > [noun]
shipmanc900
seamanOE
buscarlOE
shipperc1100
ship-gumec1275
marinerc1300
skipper1390
marinela1400
waterman1421
maryneller1470
seafarer1513
sea-fardingera1550
navigator1574
marinec1575
sailer1585
Triton1589
Neptunist1593
canvas-climber1609
sea-crab1609
tar-lubber1610
Neptunian1620
salt-rover1620
sailora1642
tarpaulin1647
otter1650
water dog1652
tarpauliana1656
Jack1659
tar1676
sea-animal1707
Jack tar1709
sailor-man1761
tarry-breeks1786
hearty1790
ocean-farera1806
tarry-jacket1822
Jacky1826
nautical1831
salt water1839
matelotc1847
knight of the tar-brush1866
main-yard man1867
gobby1883
tarry-John1888
blue jersey1889
lobscouser1889
flat-foot1897
handyman1899
1659 D. Pell Πελαγος Proem. sig. B4 Hollanders.., the Broom at the main Top-mast head..; The English took it down, and laid it most sadly upon Jack-Sailors breech.
1706 Wooden World Diss. (1708) 94 Let us e'en turn about, and view honest Jack the Sailor.
1706 Wooden World Diss. (1708) 98 Here he and his Brother Jacks lie pelting each other with Sea-Wit.
1776 A. Adams in J. Adams & A. Adams Familiar Lett. (1876) 186 We drank tea..on board... Some of their Jacks played very well upon the violin.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xi. 25 There's nothing for Jack to do but to obey orders, and I went up upon the yard.
1860 L. Oliphant Narr. Earl of Elgin's Mission China & Japan I. 154 Our Jacks presented a most grotesque appearance as they returned to their ships.
1918 Vogue 15 Mar. 33/1 Sammy of the Army or Jack of the Navy..gets his evening off.
1943 M. Harrison Reported Safe Arrival 131 Yer can't muck abaht wiv the Navy. They're good lads, the Jacks is!
2002 J. Meades Fowler Family Business xix. 194 Scrumpy to sell to Jacks from Chatham, to pongos from Brompton Barracks.
4.
a. Any of various types of manual labourer; a male servant; an odd-job man. Now rare.Cheap Jack, steeplejack, etc.: see the first element. In quot. 1898: short for steeplejack n. at steeple n.1 Compounds 2a.
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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > [noun] > odd-job or handyman
factotum1562
Magister factotum1573
Johannes factotum1592
Jack of all trades1618
Tom of all trades1631
John-of-all-trades1639
handyman1742
odd man1743
gimcrack1766
Jack of all work1773
orraman1802
bottle washer1835
Jack1836
odd-jobs man1859
roustabout1862
hob-jobber1873
rouster1882
odd-jobber1886
knockabout1889
orra-loon1895
rouser1896
trouncer1896
leatherneck1898
loppy1898
rouseabout1901
bluetongue2002
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > [noun] > man or boy
knightc950
knapec1000
shalkOE
knaveOE
sergeantc1200
swainc1275
groom1297
garcion13..
ladc1300
harlota1350
serving-mana1400
manservant1409
varlet1483
handman1496
custrelinga1556
Sim Shakebuckler?1560
lackey-boy1575
vadelect1586
muchacho1591
round robin1591
varlettoa1616
vadelet1661
gossoon1684
skip1699
mozo1811
Jack1836
tea-boy1847
John1848
1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 1st Ser. II. 184 Having a chat with the ‘jack’, who..seems to be wholly incapable of doing any thing but lounging about.
1898 Daily News 18 Oct. 6/4 I asked Mr. Morris by what stages his steeplejacks attained the handsome sum of 5l. per week. His answer is that a jack (unless already trained) begins his career by labouring.
1937 Washington Post 9 Dec. viii. 1/1 The ‘jack's’ companion on the swaying ‘cradle’ is a pot of boiling tar.
1954 Bull. (Glasgow) 10 Aug. 4 If the farmer did not get his subsidies then he would not be able to pay the farm jake.
b. North American colloquial. Short for lumberjack n.
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the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > lumberman
wood-hewerc1000
wooderc1050
hagger1294
wood-hagger1294
feller1422
woodman1426
faller1614
wood-maker1616
forest-feller1618
axeman1671
holt-felstera1678
stocker1686
bayman1715
logger1734
wood-cutter1758
lumberer1809
lumbermana1817
shantyman1824
chopper1827
splitter1841
bushman1846
mahogany cutter1850
piner1871
bush-faller1882
lumberjack1888
bushwhacker1898
home guard1903
Jack1910
gyppo1912
timber-getter1912
timberjack1916
timber beast1919
1910 E. F. Murphy Janey Canuck in West 106 The ‘jacks’ do not dine on half a pasteboard package of chips.
1926 in F. Rickaby Ballads & Songs Shanty-boy 97 Every jack's a cant-hook man... They do some heavy loggin'.
1947 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 8 Mar. 20/1 The red-bearded jack came on again, head low and shielded.
1961 W. E. Greening Ottawa 101 The jacks who felled the trees and the workers who stripped them were called piqueteurs.
2004 J. Forester Forest for Trees iv. 69 The one person in camp a jack could absolutely not afford to offend was the cook.
II. Senses denoting devices, implements, etc., originally and esp. with reference to objects which in some way take the place of a person, or save human labour.
5. A device for turning a spit for roasting meat over an open fire; = roasting-jack n. Now historical.Early devices were worked by weights or springs; later ones often used currents of hot air or had clockwork mechanisms. Cf. bottle jack n. (a) at bottle n.3 Compounds 8, smoke-jack n. 1a.
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the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > roasting-jack
wheeler dog1379
Jack1391
spit-turner?a1500
turnspit1606
hanging jack1660
turnspit-jack1674
smoke-jack1676
roasting-jack1698
water-jack1807
bottle jack1810
spit-jack1967
1391 in L. T. Smith Exped. Prussia & Holy Land Earl Derby (1894) 102 (MED) Pro iiij magnis spittes longis, et ij paruis spittes, ij paribus jakkes et ij cobardes.
1587 in G. J. Piccope Lancs. & Cheshire Wills (1860) II. 190 The iacke whiche turneth the broche.
1615 J. Stephens Satyrical Ess. 285 The winding up of a iacke is better then musicke to his eares in Lent.
1660 S. Pepys Diary 23 Oct. (1970) I. 273 After supper we looked over..his Wooden Jack in his Chimny that go with the Smoak.
1727 A. Motte Treat. Mech. Powers ii. 141 In common Jacks used for dressing Meat, there is added a Fly at top of the Spindle.
1778 F. Burney Let. Sept. in Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1994) III. 148 Our Roasting is not magnificent, for we have no Jack.
1826 Masonic Mirror 5 Aug. 251/3 Regulating the wheels of a jack to roast meat.
1868 C. Dickens in All Year Round 18 July 129/2 The jack had to be scoured, oiled, wiped, and kept covered up.
1905 Baroness Orczy Scarlet Pimpernel (1906) ii. 11 The jack turned with slow deliberation.
2016 A. Wilson Comfort, Pleasure & Prestige 31 The closeness of the meat to the fire was adjusted by moving the jack back and forth.
6. (A name for) a mechanical figure of a man which strikes a bell on a clock or clock tower at certain times; = Jack of the clock n. at Phrases 3. Now chiefly historical.See also quarter jack n.1 1.
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the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > part(s) of
nut1428
peise1428
plumbc1450
Jack1498
clockwork1516
larum1542
Jack of the clockhouse1563
watch-wheel1568
work1570
plummeta1578
Jack of the clock1581
snail-cam1591
snail-work1591
pointer1596
quarter jack1604
mainspring1605
winder1606
notch-wheel1611
fusee1622
count-wheel1647
jack-wheel1647
frame1658
arbor1659
balance1660
fuse1674
hour-figure1675
stop1675
pallet1676
regulator1676
cock1678
movement1678
detent1688
savage1690
clock1696
pinwheel1696
starred wheel1696
swing-wheel1696
warning-wheel1696
watch1696
watch-part1696
hoop-wheel1704
hour-wheel1704
snail1714
step-wheel1714
tide-work1739
train1751
crutch1753
cannon pinion1764
rising board1769
remontoire1774
escapement1779
clock jack1784
locking plate1786
scapement1789
motion work1795
anchor escapement1798
scape1798
star-wheel1798
recoil escapement1800
recoiling pallet1801
recoiling scapement1801
cannon1802
hammer-tail1805
recoiling escapement1805
bottle jack1810
renovating spring1812
quarter-boy1815
pin tooth1817
solar wheel1819
impulse-teeth1825
pendulum wheel1825
pallet arbor1826
rewinder1826
rack hook1829
snail-wheel1831
quarter bell1832
tow1834
star pulley1836
watch train1838
clock train1843
raising-piece1843
wheelwork1843
gravity escapement1850
jumper1850
vertical escapement1850
time train1853
pin pallet1860
spade1862
dead well1867
stop-work1869
ringer1873
strike-or-silent1875
warning-piece1875
guard-pin1879
pendulum cock1881
warning-lever1881
beat-pin1883
fusee-piece1884
fusee-snail1884
shutter1884
tourbillion1884
tumbler1884
virgule1884
foliot1899
grasshopper1899
grasshopper escapement1899
trunk1899
pin lever1908
clock spring1933
1498–9 in C. Kerry Hist. Church of St. Lawrence, Reading (1883) 97 It. payed for the settyng of Jak with the hangyng of his bell and mendyng his hond, iiijd.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iv. ii. 117 Like a Iacke [1623 Iack] thou keepst the stroke Betwixt thy begging and my meditation. View more context for this quotation
1602 T. Dekker Blurt Master-Constable sig. C4 This is the night, nine the houre, and I the Iacke that giues warning.
1648 J. Taylor Brown Dozen of Drunkards 6 The striking of the Jacks, the whirling of the wheels in a Clock.
1771 E. Ledwich Antiquitates Sarisburienses 92 On the East side is a dial of near ten feet square, with quarter jacks under it.
1842 Odd Fellow 27 Aug. 3/4 There are Paul's jacks striking twelve.
1869 H. S. Cuming in Jrnl. Brit. Archæol. Assoc. 25 278 There was an ancient clock in Old St. Paul's, with Jacks to strike the hours.
1907 Musical Times 1 Dec. 806/2 Quarters were first indicated by a jack striking a single bell, and later by two jacks striking two bells.
1965 J. Needham Sci. & Civilisation in China IV. ii. xxvii. 164 Liang Ling-Tsan arranged for two jacks to strike the hours.
2013 P. Schwyzer Shakespeare & Remains Richard III vi. 218 The jacks of St Paul's were unsynchronized.
7. Any of various devices consisting (solely or essentially) of a roller or winch; esp. a roller around which a towel is looped (English regional (midlands) in later use). Cf. sense 11 and jack roller n. 1. Now rare.In quot. 1623 in figurative context.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun]
Jack1564
lifter1570
scissor lift1945
1564–96 Cony Estate Bk. in Lincs. Notes & Queries (1889) 1 165 It'm a Jack of Woode.
1572 Inventory in Lincs. Notes & Queries (1889) 1 165 A Iack of wood for a towel and bason.
1623 T. Scott Projector 26 You should finde some Iacks faulty, and some cogges missing, whereby the wheele of Iustice is hindered in his circular course.
1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. iii. 47 The Wood work belonging to the Jack, is a Barrel, or Spit-wheel and a Handle of the Winch.
1731 in B. Woodcroft App. Ref. Index Patents Invention (1855) 56 (heading) Organ moved by clockwork, jack, or winch.
1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 37 There were Sluices..wound up and down by a Jack.
1896 G. F. Northall Warwickshire Word-bk. 118 A ‘jack-towel’;..usually a long narrow cloth with the ends joined together, which works round the roller or jack, which is generally fixed at the back of a kitchen door.
8. In the virginal, spinet, and harpsichord: any of a set of small upright blocks, typically of wood, one of which rests on the back of each key lever, and is fitted with a quill or plectrum which plucks the string as the block rises when the key is pressed down; (also) the upright part of a tangent (tangent n. 2) in a clavichord. Also in an early piano: a similar upright piece which raises the damper or hammer; (occasionally also) the hopper, or a part of it, in a modern piano. See also virginal jack n. at virginal n. Compounds.Some editors and commentators have considered Shakespeare to be referring to the keys of the harpsichord in quot. 1609, but this is unlikely; see for instance G. Moore in Notes & Queries (1985) Mar. p. 31–2.
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society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > stringed keyboards > [noun] > parts of plucked instruments
quill1552
Jack1577
saltarello1598
virginal jack1604
mute1783
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > stringed keyboards > [noun] > pianoforte > hopper
grasshopper1807
hopper1840
Jack1896
1577 N. Breton Floorish vpon Fancie sig. Ciijv His Virginals, with neuer a iacke, and halfe the keyes.
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Saltarélli, the iacks of a paire of virginals.
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets cxxviii. sig. H3v How oft..Do I enuie those Iackes that nimble leape, To kisse the tender inward of thy hand. View more context for this quotation
1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xxxii. 276 Like the iacke of a virginall, which stricketh the sounding corde.
1749 D. Hartley Observ. Man i. ii. 229 The Treble Notes of a Harpsichord would be overpowered by the Bass ones, did not the Bits of Cloth affixed to the Jacks check the Vibrations of the Strings in due time.
1778 Universal Mag. June 322/1 The jacks of a harpsichord jump.
1840 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. Dec. 1 391 By the depression of the key, said fly, or jack, shall approach the forward end of the hammer butt.
1896 A. J. Hipkins Descr. & Hist. Pianoforte 103 The merit of introducing in the square piano the ‘hopper’—a jack with a spring and working in a notch or nose forming the front part of a lever, technically known as the ‘underhammer’—belongs to John Geib, who in 1786 took out a patent for this improvement.
1917 W. B. White Mod. Piano Tuning & Allied Arts viii. 211 The rise of the wippen lifts the jack.
1959 R. Russell Harpsichord & Clavichord 135 It is fairly well known how the slides move, in which stand the jacks of a Harpsichord.
2003 E. L. Kottick Hist. Harpsichord x. 197 The player removed the jack of the lowest note of the keyboard.
†9. A frame or trestle for supporting wood that is being sawn; a sawhorse. Obsolete.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > work-benches, seats, etc. > [noun] > work-bench > for sawing
Jack1580
sawing trestle1611
horse1718
saw-horse1775
buck1817
trestle1823
sawing-bench1845
sawing horse1846
sawing stool1846
wood-horse1849
sawbuck1855
transom1885
1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 16v A Iack for to saw vpon, fewell for fier.
1669 J. Worlidge Dictionarium Rusticum in Systema Agriculturæ 272 Jack, a term sometimes used for a Horse whereon they sawe Wood.
1797 Encycl. Brit. IX. 51/1 Jack is used also for a horse or wooden frame to saw timber upon.
1855 Technologisches Wörterbuch II. 443/2 A wooden frame or jack standing upon the soil, to support the timber to be sawed.
10. A device for holding a boot by the heel to help in pulling it off. Now rare except in boot-jack n. at boot n.3 Compounds 2.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > undressing or removing clothing > [noun] > removing specific garments > footwear > device for removing boots
Jack1674
boot-ketch1785
boot-jacka1841
1674 J. Josselyn Acct. Two Voy. 127 Like a Jack that we pull Boots off with.
1679 Tryals Sir G. Wakeman, W. Marshall, W. Rumley, & J. Corker 22 He pull'd off his Boots..upon the Frame of a Table, or else upon a Jack.
1724 I. Watts Logick i. iv. §8 Foot-boys, who had frequently the common name of Jack given them, were kept to turn the spit, or to pull off their master's boots; but when instruments were invented for both these services, they were both called jacks.
?1785 E. Beetham New Lect. on Heads 25 A jack to pull off your boots.
1846 Knickerbocker Nov. 464 I can't get my boots off without a jack?
1885 Maine Farmer 23 July She then grabbed the boot-jack... I took the jack away from her.
1957 A. F. Brooke in A. Bryant Turn of Tide ii. 124 It was highly probable that a German staff officer might have tight boots requiring a jack to pull them off.
11. A mechanical device used for lifting heavy objects with force from below, typically operated by means of a rack and a pinion, screw, or hydraulic mechanism; esp. (in later use) one used for lifting one end or side of a motor vehicle, as when changing a tyre. Also called a lifting jack.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > jacks
screw1404
scalet1640
German devil1670
Jack1679
screw jack1719
spring-jack1724
jackscrew?1735
crick1775
fence-jack1874
swing-jack1875
wagon-jack1875
windlass-jack1875
truck-jack1877
setter1895
1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ix. Explan. Terms 168 Jack,..an Engine used for the removing and commodious placing of great Timber.
1780 J. Hunter in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 71 65 The machine may be applied as a jack to raise great weights a little way from the ground.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 282 Fig. 341 represents the common or simple hand jack.
1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Jack, a contrivance, consisting of a lever and fulcrum, used in washing carriages, to lift one side so that the wheel..may run round freely; sometimes called a ‘carriage-jack’.
1889 Mechanics Dec. 305/1 (advt.) A good, reliable Jack for lifting or pushing in any direction.
1931 Ibid. 27 Apr. 17 ‘Wallaby jacks’ are valuable assistants in any Lifting, Pulling Old Fences, Stump Grubbing, Log Rolling, etc.
1955 Pop. Mech. Feb. 289 (advt.) Have you ever had your car fall off the jack?
2010 Frederick (Maryland) News-Post 13 June c15/2 Get the spare tire, jack and lug wrench from the trunk.
12. Mining.
†a.
(a) A gin (gin n.1 8b); esp. one designed to lift relatively small loads. Obsolete.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > winch or capstan
windas1293
wind1399
windlassc1400
fern1546
stow?1549
capstock1551
winch1577
draw-beam1585
wind-beam1585
winder1585
capstring1609
crab1627
guindall1628
gin1632
Jack1686
screw engine1688
twirl1688
moulineta1706
jack roll1708
wind-lifta1734
whim1738
stowce1747
whim-engine1759
macaroni gin1789
whimsy1789
winze1839
jack roller1843
wink1847
winding engine1858
fusee-windlass1874
come-along1891
society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > shear-legs or gin
gin1398
lading gin1497
raising gin1497
shearsa1625
Jack1686
triangle1691
crab1739
shear-legs1860
1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. iii. 148 But when they have no fall, they draw it up by Gin, which is made either bigger, or less, according to the exigence of the work; the less they call a Iack, which is either turned by Men, as requiring less strength; or by Horses, according as the Owner thinks most fit.
1862 Birmingham Daily Post 20 Jan. 3/4 The two men manage to keep the gin, crab, and jack going.
1908 Codes Rules in Force Mines & Quarries U.K. (Royal Comm. Mines) i. 34/1 He or some competent person or persons appointed by the Manager shall examine the ropes and chains of the pit crab, gin, jack and cradle.
(b) English regional (Northumberland). A name used for either of two gins (gin n.1 8b) used to sink two pits (or a pit and a staple) simultaneously. Obsolete. rare.
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1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 31 Whilst two pits or a pit and a staple are being sunk simultaneously by means of two gins, one of them, to prevent mistakes, is usually called a jack.
b. A wedge that is inserted into a fissure and then struck with a hammer, used to separate or cleave rock. Also: a hydraulic device used for this purpose. Now rare.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > mining equipment > [noun] > wedges, etc.
gad1671
plug1747
stook and coil1808
stook and feathers1808
Jack1846
stob1883
1846 W. M. Buchanan Technol. Dict. 405/1 Jacks, wooden wedges used in coalmines.
1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Jack,..10. A wooden wedge used by miners to separate rocks after blasting.
1929 Amer. Speech 5 147 One who wields with both hands a large hammer and strikes the jack or wedge used to separate rocks broken by blasting is called a double-jacker.
1962 Constr. Methods & Equipm. 44 120 He worked the jacks again to split the cracks wider apart.
13. In a stocking frame or knitting machine: any of several levers which lower and raise the sinkers; cf. jack sinker n. at Compounds 2a.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > knitting > knitting machine > parts of
sinkerc1689
jack sinkera1749
Jack1750
slur1796
needle1829
slay-bar1843
verge1854
ribber1877
thread-carrier1877
1750 Universal Mag. Aug. 50/1 E Is the stocking-frame or engine... 3 is the wheel by whose motion the jacks are drawn together upon the needles.
1829 S. Glover Hist. Derby I. 242 The stocking-frame invented by the Rev. William Lea, or Lee..in 1589, was very simple, with jacks only.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator viii. 128/2 The stocking-frame has a series of vibrating levers, called jacks, which..throw the..yarn into such curvatures as enable the needles to form the loops.
1995 L. Wehrle Fingers of Steel v. 101 All other elements of the [knitting] machine; the cams, jacks, sinkers, stop motions, take up devices, either depend upon the working of the needle or are constructed with the movement of the needle being their main objective.
†14. A device used to guide the yarn as it is passed from the bobbins to the reel in the preparation of warp for a loom, consisting of a movable frame that is mounted on one or more vertical posts and equipped with guide pins or rollers; = heck-box n. at heck n.1 Compounds 2. Obsolete.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > loom > other parts
studdlelOE
staff1338
trendle14..
trindle1483
cylinder?a1560
harness1572
mail1731
mounture1731
leaf1807
march1807
dropbox1823
neck-twine1827
mounting1835
shaft1839
Jack1848
selvage-protector1863
serpent1878
take-up motiona1884
swell1894
1848 Useful Arts & Manuf. Great Brit. (Soc. Promoting Christian Knowl.) 24 The threads pass from the bobbins to the frame through an instrument called a jack or heck-box, or simply a heck.
1885 T. R. Ashenhurst Pract. Treat. Weaving & Designing Textile Fabrics (ed. 3) 51 The threads are now taken from the bobbin and passed through an instrument called a jack or heck-box.
15. More fully winding jack. A device or mechanism used for making a large clock easier to wind.
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1850 E. B. Denison Rudimentary Treat. Clock & Watch Making iii. cxli. 181 The loose jack consists of a frame containing a wheel and pinion with the arbor of the pinion squared to form the winding square.
1885 Horol. Jrnl. Dec. 63/2 The train of wheels of the jack would prevent the weight from rotating it.
2010 C. McKay Big Ben p. xiv. (gloss.) Winding jack, reduction gear to make winding a clock easier.
†16. A short crowbar used by a burglar to force open a window or door. Cf. jemmy n. 6. Obsolete.
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the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > burglary > [noun] > instruments used by burglars
tricker1591
mill1607
iron1681
Betty1700
centre-bit1746
rook1788
jemmy1811
roundabout1811
James1819
jimmy1848
stick1848
Jack-in-the-box1850
Jack1862
alderman1872
cane1930
1862 J. Binny in H. Mayhew London Labour (new ed.) Extra vol. 339/1 These bars are sometimes forced asunder by a small instrument called a jack, by which a worm worked by a small handle displaces them.
1862 J. Binny in H. Mayhew London Labour (new ed.) Extra vol. 348/2 He had first to remove an iron bar at the first floor landing window to the back, which he did with his jack.
1893 J. Hawthorne Confessions of Convict v. 92 The screw and the jack, the most powerful tools in a burglar's kit.
†17. In the preparation of yarn: a jack-frame; a roving frame in which the sliver (sliver n.1 2) is twisted and wound onto a bobbin that is suspended horizontally in a revolving can or cylinder. Obsolete.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture of thread or yarn > [noun] > spinning > machine > parts of
knave1564
porcupine roller1776
catch box1809
jack-frame1814
Jack-in-the-box1814
flyer frame1825
sneck1825
thread-wire1825
creel1835
fly-frame1835
self-actor1835
trumpet-mouth1835
counter-faller1836
Jack1875
trumpet1877
back-shaft1879
builder1884
pot-eye1884
twizzle1884
rice creel1895
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1208/1 Jack,..4. (Spinning.) A coarse bobbin and fly-frame, operating on the sliver from the carding machine.
1913 Cotton Aug. 404/2 When using four processes of fly frames in making fine roving for high counts of yarn, why is the last fly frame called a ‘jack’?
18. Electronics.
a. Originally (in a telephone switchboard): a switch (switch n. 3b) designed to admit a jack plug; = jackknife switch n. at jackknife n. Compounds 2. In later use more generally: any socket used to connect a device to a circuit or network, typically for the purpose of transmitting or receiving audio or telecommunication signals; esp. one also designed to admit a jack plug. See also sense 18b.Frequently with distinguishing word. headphone jack, telephone jack: see first element.
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the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical appliances or devices > [noun] > socket > for connection to circuit
Jack1885
jack socket1895
jackfield1904
1885 U.S. Patent 321,390 A 1/2 Switches of this character designed for use upon telephone switch-boards are now generally called ‘spring-jack switches’, or, briefly, ‘jacks’.
1926 J. L. Pritchard Broadcast Reception xi. 185 The last three jacks have filament controlling contacts by which the insertion of the plug automatically lights the filaments.
1953 Electr. Engin. (U.S.) 72 5/2 It is equipped with an input jack as well as an antenna and an output jack.
1971 R. Thomas Backup Men xiii. 119 Is there another jack in this room?.. Can you get another phone and plug it in?
1996 PC Mag. 6 Feb. 93/1 By mid-1996, Intel will build two USB jacks onto the PC motherboards it supplies to the industry, and you'll see them sold on PCs in the third quarter.
2005 T. Brookes Guitar 295 The first thing he does is grab a cord and plug it into the jack at the butt-end of the instrument.
b. A plug having a single pin with two or more contacts along its length and a lateral groove between the tip and the shaft, frequently used in audio recording, etc.; = jack plug n. at Compounds 2a.
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the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical appliances or devices > [noun] > electric plug > single-pronged
jack plug1886
Jack1960
1960 S. Sheldon Rom. Candle ii. ii. 45 He races back and plugs the jack into the socket.
1990 Re: External Ant on Walkman? in rec.ham-radio (Usenet newsgroup) 7 Mar. Plug the jack into the socket of your Walkman.
2007 J. Steventon DJing for Dummies xi. 159 If you need to know whether the jack you're holding..is mono or stereo, look at the black bands on the tip; one band means it's mono, two bands mean it's a stereo jack.
19. colloquial. A cosh, a bludgeon; = black jack n.2 5.
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society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > blunt weapons other than sticks > [noun] > flail or black-jack
flailc1475
wapper1481
scorpion1541
threshel1688
swingle1818
life-preserver1833
black jack1848
slung-shot1848
neddy1851
slingshot1891
slogger1892
Jack1911
nunchaku1969
nunchuck1970
1911 G. B. Howard Enemy to Society 154 One of them'll push you, you'll push him back, an argument'll start and the first thing you know yuh're laid out with a jack.
1933 D. Runyon in Nash's Pall Mall Mag. Apr. 16/1 He is known to boff guys on their noggins with this jack if they get too fresh with him.
1971 J. D. Horan Blue Messiah xx. 196 He tried to get out a blade and I let him have my jack.
1984 Black Belt July 29/2 The ‘jack’ or ‘sap’ is a leather-covered pod of lead with a spring handle.
III. As a familiar (in some cases mildly humorous or cryptic) name or word for things other than devices, implements, etc.Frequently as the second element in compounds. See also crackerjack n., flapjack n., slapjack n.
†20. A particular joint of mutton (not identified). Obsolete.
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the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > mutton > [noun] > other cuts or parts
Jack1466
sheep's tongue1552
leg of mutton1570
porknell1596
nut1611
pope's eye1663
hand1671
mutton chop1696
mutton cutlet1706
wether-gammona1774
wobbler1823
Queen Elizabeth's bone1846
chump1861
skirt1881
1466 in Manners & Househ. Expenses Eng. (1841) 435 [Laid out] in a brest and a jakke of moton, v.d.
21. Something insignificant, or smaller than the normal size.
†a. colloquial. A very small amount; the least bit. Obsolete. rare.
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the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > a small quantity or amount > a very small amount
shredc1000
farthingsworthc1325
pennyworthc1330
incha1350
sliverc1374
chipa1393
gnastc1440
Jack1530
spoonful1531
crumba1535
spark1548
slight1549
pin's worth1562
scruple1574
thought1581
pinch1583
scrap1583
splinter1609
ticket1634
notchet1637
indivisible1644
tinyc1650
twopence1691
turn of the scale(s)1706
enough to swear by1756
touch1786
scrimptiona1825
infinitesimal1840
smidgen1841
snuff1842
fluxion1846
smitchel1856
eyelash1860
smidge1866
tenpenceworth1896
whisker1913
tidge1986
the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > a small quantity or amount > the smallest amount > a jot
cornc888
grotc888
prickleOE
prickOE
pointc1300
grain1377
hair1377
motec1390
twynt1399
mitec1400
tarec1405
drop1413
ace?1440
tittlea1450
whita1450
jot1526
Jack1530
plack1530
farthingc1540
minima1585
scintil1599
atom1626
scintillation1650
punct1653
doit1660
scintilla1674
rap1792
haet1802
dottle1808
smiggot1823
hooter1839
heartbeat1855
pick1866
filament1868
hoot1878
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 233/2 Iacke or whitte nicquet, as I wyll nat gyve you a whyt.
b. Bowls. A smaller bowl, typically white in colour, at which the players aim.
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > bowls or bowling > [noun] > jack
master-bowl1530
master1579
mistressa1586
block1598
mistress bowl1598
Jacka1616
mark1630
jack bowl1653
tee1789
kitty1898
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) ii. i. 2 Was there euer man had such lucke [printed Iucke]? when I kist the Iacke vpon an vp-cast, to be hit away? View more context for this quotation
1672 T. Crane Isagoge ad Dei Providentiam iv. 300 The Bowl hits the Jack.
1718 A. de Moivre Doctr. Chances 67 Some other of his Bowls may be nearer the Jack.
1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. iii. 48 If I have a bowl in my hand and want it to touch the jack at tother end of the green.
1828 Sporting Mag. Feb. 243/2 The bowl is never directed straight to the jack, but always circuitously.
1875 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports (ed. 12) iii. i. iii. §3. 683 The jack shall not be changed during a game, except by mutual consent of the players.
1918 Shanghai Times 11 July 4/5 A bowl which touches the jack which is being guarded, shall not count.
1974 N.Y. Times 20 Oct. bqli 16/2 Expertly knock off an opposing bowl that is guarding the jack.
2010 Sunday Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 14 Mar. m19 I can't get my bowl close to the jack no matter what method I use.
†c. slang.
(a) A farthing. Obsolete.
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society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > English coins > [noun] > farthing
farthingc950
ferlingc1000
quadransOE
quarter1389
quadrantc1450
quatrinc1470
Q1530
quadrine1557
rag1592
qua1631
grig1657
Jack?c1690
fadge1789
daddler1900
?c1690 Destr. Plain Dealing (single sheet) (verso) But faith now their calling iss [sic] not worth a jack.
1719 A. Smith Thieves New Canting Dict. (at cited word) in Compl. Hist. Lives & Robberies Highway-men (ed. 5) He would not tip me a jack, i.e., he would not give me a farthing.
a1731 E. Ward Compl. Acct. Remarkable Clubs & Societies (1745) 234 He could..have pick'd up a Hog with more Ease than he now could eight Jacks upon an Easter Holiday.
1846 ‘Lord Chief Baron’ Swell's Night Guide (new ed.) 122/2 Jack, a farthing.
(b) A counter (counter n.3 1b) made to resemble a sovereign. Cf. half-jack n.1 2. Obsolete.
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society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > false coin > [noun] > specific
crockard1300
lushburg1346
pollarda1387
rosarya1387
eagle1577
Leonine1577
morgan1659
rap1724
mitre1749
Paduan1770
Bungtown copper or cent1787
rap halfpenny1787
stampee1795
Jack1851
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 349/2 It is hardly possible that any one who had ever received a sovereign in payment, could be deceived by..a Jack.
1874 Hotten's Slang Dict. (rev. ed.) 160 In large gambling establishments the ‘heaps of gold’ are frequently composed of Jacks.
†d. Building. A half brick forming the closer (closer n.2 3) of each alternate course of the jamb of a brick architrave. Obsolete.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > brick > [noun] > a brick > small
Jack1700
brickette1875
1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 31 Imagine FEG to be a Stretcher, or a Stretching Archytrave..and Imagining it to be thus divided; then EF is called a Header; or a heading Archytrave, and EG is called a Jak.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. 130/2 The upper Fascia is called the Header..and the lower the Jac.
e. English regional. A measure of capacity for liquids, equal to a quarter of a pint (approx. 142 millilitres). Cf. gill n.2 Now historical and rare.In quot. 1787 with the sense ‘half a pint’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > liquid measure of capacity > specific units of liquid measure > gill
gillc1390
joucat1587
Jackc1736
c1736 S. Pegge Alphabet of Kenticisms (1876) Jack, a measure, and Gill, another.
1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. Jack, half a pint. Yorks.
1796 Glasse's Art of Cookery (new ed.) xxiii. 357 To a pound of sugar put a jack of water.
1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 91 Jack, a quarter of a pint measure.
1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Jack, a quarter of a pint measure, and the quantity contained in one. Also in Holderness, Sheffield, Mid. Yorksh. Gloss.
1963 Pop. Mech. Feb. 58/2 Explaining the nursery rhyme, Dr. [Chauncey] Leake said that in the 17th century, Charles I made England's standard jackpot (or jack—two handfuls) a bit smaller to get more food taxes.
2013 C. Grbich Qualitative Data Anal. (ed. 2) xv. 186 The jack/jackpot was a particularly relevant measure for the sale of ale.
f. Nautical. Short for jackcrosstree n. Now historical and rare.
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society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > masts, rigging, or sails > spar > [noun] > mast > cross-trees
cross-tree1626
Jack1829
jackcrosstree1835
1829 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 576/2 ‘D'ye see those Jacks?’ added he, pointing aloft to the fore-top-gallant cross-trees.
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxiii. 227 Though I could handle the brig's [fore-royal] easily, I found my hands full with this, especially as there were no jacks to the ship.
1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 80 Rove through a block under the jack.
1978 P. O'Brian Desolation Island iv. 101 ‘Now for the jack,’ said Joe. ‘You want to look out here, mate; there ain't no ratlines.’
g.
(a) In plural. A tossing and catching game played with a set of small objects, typically pebbles or (in later use) star-shaped pieces of metal or plastic, and often also a small ball, marble, etc. Cf. jackstone n. 2.Numerous different versions of the game have been played in different parts of the world. Most versions in existence today are played by scattering the jacks on a surface, throwing the ball (or marble, etc.) into the air, and then attempting to pick up a certain number of the jacks before catching the ball in the same hand either before it bounces or after it has bounced a certain number of times. Many versions of the game also incorporate a round in which a player tosses the jacks into the air with one hand and then attempts to catch as many of them as possible on the back of the same hand.
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society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [noun] > five-stones or knuckle-bones
morteaulxa1475
martel1481
cockal1586
check-stone1587
guile-bones1606
dab-stone1652
dibstones1692
dibs1736
jackstones1783
Jack1863
knuckle-bone1884
five stones1900
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > children's game > other children's games > [noun] > five-stones or knuckle-bones > stones or bones
cockal1562
check-stone1587
cockal bone1603
jackstone1678
chucker1760
Jack1863
1863 Atlantic Monthly June 689/1 Pen began to play ‘jacks’ with the smooth stones on the shore.
1922 A. C. Sies Spontaneous & Supervised Play xix. 293 ‘Jacks’ is a game in which throwing and catching are not the main centers of interest; rather are the attention and interest focussed on what is done between catches.
1960 H. Miller Nexus (1964) i. 11 Do you know how to skate?.. Did you ever play jacks?
2014 R. Wilkinson Surviving Japanese Internment Camp vi. 82 Girls played jacks and hopscotch.
(b) Each of a set of a small objects, typically pebbles or (in later use) star-shaped pieces of metal or plastic, used in the game of jacks. Cf. jackstone n. 1.
ΚΠ
1875 Our Boys & Girls Mar. 179/2 Throw up the jack, catch it on the back of the hand, throw it up and catch it forward.
1894 Notes & Queries 31 Mar. 256/1 Each player had five smooth stones in her lap, which were named jacks.
1921 Standard Ref. Work IV. at Jackstones The player tosses the jack and catches it, picking up a stone from the ground each time, while the jack is in the air.
2008 B. Cutler 211 Things Clever Girl can Do (Amer. ed.) 160 A set of jacks consists of between five and fifteen small metal ‘asters’.
22. A vessel for holding liquid, esp. alcohol. Also: a drinking vessel, typically of waxed leather coated outside with tar or pitch (= black jack n.2 1); a tankard. Now historical and English regional (northern).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > [noun]
canOE
quart?c1335
pota1382
jug1538
Jack1567
noggin pot1663
gotch1691
the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > [noun] > flagon > leather
Jack1617
the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > drinking vessel > [noun] > leather
gispin1530
Jack1617
1567 G. Turberville tr. G. B. Spagnoli Eglogs ii. f. 10v To goe by water with their Iacks And fetche the wyne away.
1570 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandry (new ed.) f. 33 Trene dishes doth wel, wodden spones go to wrack where stone is no laster, take tankarde and iacke.
1598 Mucedorus sig. B4 To the buttery hatch, to Thomas the butler, for a iacke of beare.
1617 J. Minsheu Ἡγεμὼν είς τὰς γλῶσσας: Ductor in Linguas (at cited word) A Iacke of leather to drinke in, because it somewhat resembles a iacke or coat of maile.
1680 London Gaz. No. 1537/4 Two Drinking Jacks of Leather, edged round with Silver.
1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality III. xvi. 124 Leather jacks, that contained plenty of the best wines.
1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. ix. 233 A large black leathern jack, which contained two double flagons of strong ale.
1885 Standard 25 Dec. 3/2 Water that I had in a tin jack.
1930 Manch. Guardian 29 Aug. 11/2 There was always kept bread and cheese and a large leathern jack of ale.
2003 P. Finney Gloriana's Torch 69 Becket..went in search of booze, which he found in the jack of spiced ale.
23. slang. Also (and in earliest use) in plural. The penis, especially when erect; an erection. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > [noun] > erection
elevation1543
erection1594
tentigoa1603
Jack1604
stand1608
surgation1688
cockstandc1890
hard-on1898
hard1927
boner1936
hard up1937
bone-on1969
morning-glory1985
the world > life > the body > sex organs > male sex organs > [noun] > penis
weapona1000
tarsec1000
pintleOE
cock?c1335
pillicock?c1335
yard1379
arrowa1382
looma1400
vergea1400
instrumentc1405
fidcocka1475
privya1500
virile member (or yard)?1541
prickc1555
tool1563
pillock1568
penis1578
codpiece1584
needle1592
bauble1593
dildo1597
nag1598
virility1598
ferret1599
rubigo?a1600
Jack1604
mentula1605
virge1608
prependent1610
flute1611
other thing1628
engine1634
manhood1640
cod1650
quillity1653
rammer1653
runnion1655
pego1663
sex1664
propagator1670
membrum virile1672
nervea1680
whore-pipe1684
Roger1689
pudding1693
handle?1731
machine1749
shaft1772
jock1790
poker1811
dickyc1815
Johnny?1833
organ1833
intromittent apparatus1836
root1846
Johnson1863
Peter1870
John Henry1874
dickc1890
dingusc1890
John Thomasc1890
old fellowc1890
Aaron's rod1891
dingle-dangle1893
middle leg1896
mole1896
pisser1896
micky1898
baby-maker1902
old man1902
pecker1902
pizzle1902
willy1905
ding-dong1906
mickey1909
pencil1916
dingbatc1920
plonkerc1920
Johna1922
whangera1922
knob1922
tube1922
ding1926
pee-pee1927
prong1927
pud1927
hose1928
whang1928
dong1930
putz1934
porkc1935
wiener1935
weenie1939
length1949
tadger1949
winkle1951
dinger1953
winky1954
dork1961
virilia1962
rig1964
wee-wee1964
Percy1965
meat tool1966
chopper1967
schlong1967
swipe1967
chode1968
trouser snake1968
ding-a-ling1969
dipstick1970
tonk1970
noonies1972
salami1977
monkey1978
langer1983
wanker1987
the world > life > the body > sex organs > male sex organs > [noun] > penis > erect
Priapusc1487
Priap1561
Priapian1598
polec1600
Jack1604
maypole1607
stalk1609
rod1641
bone1654
stick1707
ramrod1768
horn1785
phallus1807
phallos1885
ithyphallus1889
boner1960
stiff1980
stonker1987
1604 T. Dekker & T. Middleton Honest Whore sig. K This was her school-maister, and taught her to play vpon the Virginals, and still his Iacks leapt vp.
a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Spanish Gipsie (1653) ii. sig. C3v San. Is this the little ape does the fine tricks? Pre. Come aloft Jack little ape! San. Would my Jack might come aloft, please you to set the water Mill, with the Ivory cogs in't a grinding my handfull of purging comfetts.
?1834 Parody Love's Ritornella in Flash Chaunter 44 Your Jack you have slip'd (Of time) in the nick.
1896 J. S. Farmer & W. E. Henley Slang IV. 22 Jack..An erectio penis... The penis.
1963 A. Baron Lowlife iv. 26 From too much staying in bed I got the jack up to my eyebrows, so I went to see Marcia... She charges twenty pounds for a short time.
1987 J. Keeble Broken Ground xvi. 241 After he's screwed you once, he'll screw you again... He doesn't quit. Don't let him get his jack in you.
24. Cards. Originally in the game of all fours (all fours n. 3): (a name for) the lowest court card of the suit which is trumps, which earns the player who takes it a point; now rare. Later gen. (originally colloquial): the lowest court card of any suit in a pack of cards, ranking below the queen and above the ten, and bearing a representation of a soldier or a pageboy; = knave n. 5.In the later more general sense, superseding knave as the usual term from the late 19th cent. Acceptance of Jack as standard was possibly driven by the introduction of corner index letters and numbers on playing cards in the late 19th cent., J thus being distinct from K (for King).California jack: see California n. Compounds 2.
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society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > card or cards > [noun] > picture-card > jack
knave1568
varlet1568
knight1585
noddy1611
Jack1674
Pam1898
1674 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester x. 111 This game..is called All-fours from Highest, Lowest, Jack, and Game, which is the Set as some play it.
1674 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester x. 113 He that wins Jack wins one [point] also.
1749 B. Martin Eng. Dict. at Knave A jack at cards.
?1791 ‘A. Pasquin’ Eccentricities J. Edwin I. 92 The Gamester has his Jack upon the cards.
1830 Adams Sentinel (Gettysburg, Pa.) 22 June I'll bet any man ten dollars I can cut the Jack of hearts at the first attempt.
1861 C. Dickens Great Expectations I. viii. 126 He calls the knaves, Jacks, this boy!
1914 G. H. Cantwell Pract. Receipt Bk. 40511 Jack, the knave of trumps, the holder to score one.
1975 Times 13 Dec. 9/2 He is more likely to misdirect the declarer by playing the jack.
2005 Asian Age 28 Sept. 16/4 South can ruff a heart at Trick Two and return the jack of spades.
25. North American. A strong alcoholic liquor, typically home-brewed or illicitly distilled; (originally) spec. = applejack n. at apple n. Compounds 2. Frequently as the second element in compounds, where the first element specifies the fruit or vegetable forming the drink's base.Recorded earliest in applejack n. at apple n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > [noun] > illicit spirits
moonshine1782
moonlight1809
Jack1816
sly grog (seller, etc.)1829
busthead1851
hooch1897
jackass1921
moon1921
samogon1928
shine1933
shinny1934
Hokonui1947
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > brandy > [noun] > brandy not from grapes > apple-brandy
cider brandy1703
apple brandy1740
pupelo1806
applejack1816
Jack1816
calvados1906
1816 ‘Old Scene Painter’ Emigrant's Guide 30 A partial distillation is also made from apples..called Apple-Jack.
1894 Dial. Notes 1 331 In Salem, Sussex, and Burlington counties, where apple whiskey is made, it is commonly called ‘jack’.
1931 Harper's Mag. Oct. 626/2 Some of them got drunk on homebrew or prunejack or sour wine which they always manage to have on hand.
1968 J. McPhee Pine Barrens iv. 59 Applejack..is known as jack, and its effects are known as apple palsy.
1982 B. Downey Uncle Sam must be losing War xvi. 173 Everyone had different ideas on what good ‘jack’ required for superior taste.
2011 J. Moynihan Voy. Rose City viii. 99 Miguel and Ned started trying to brew raisin jack in the mess, but it was generally a dismal failure.
†26. slang and colloquial. A post-chaise. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles (plying) for hire > [noun] > hired carriage > post-chaise
post-caroche1627
post-chaise1699
po-chay1813
Jack1816
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > carriage for conveying persons > [noun] > types of carriage > strong, for travelling > chaise or post-chaise
post-chaise1699
chaise1709
shay1717
post-chay1757
chay1764
po-chay1813
Jack1816
1816 W. H. Prescott in G. Ticknor Life W. H. Prescott (1864) 36 We travelled upon jacks, which is the pleasantest conveyance in the world both for its sociability and the little fatigue which attends it.
1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Memoirs II. 181 Jack, a post-chaise.
27. Newfoundland. A small, fore-and-aft rigged fishing boat similar to a schooner, typically having a rounded bow and two masts. Also (and now chiefly) more fully jack boat.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > fishing vessel > [noun] > used in Newfoundland fisheries
banker1654
by-boat1698
chebacco-boat1823
Jack1845
bank smack1883
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel propelled by sail > [noun] > with specific rig > fore and aft rigged > schooner > schooner-rigged vessels
schooner-frigate1799
mackinaw boat1812
ballahoo1815
schooner barge1819
Jack1845
schooner-yacht1876
bugeye1877
jackass schooner1879
buckeye1885
butterman1885
schooner yawl1889
ram1904
Tancook schooner1933
goelette1948
1845 Jrnl. Gen. Assembly Newfoundland (3rd Gen. Assembly, 3rd Sess.) App. 215 An in-shore fishery, prosecuted in what are called Jacks.
1891 Rep. U.S. Comm. Fish & Fisheries 1887 App. VI. 529 The jack varies from 5 to 15 tons; is schooner-rigged, carrying three sails as a rule.
1937 Rep. Comm. Seafisheries Newfoundland & Labrador 295 The boats used [by the Shore fishermen] are schooners, trap skiffs, jack-boats, dories and punts; many of these are now propelled by motor engines.
1951 Maine Coast Fisherman Oct. 26 A typical Newfoundland jack seen in the cruise to the Bras D'Or Lakes.
2007 S. T. Cadigan in R. Gorski Maritime Labour 116 Sailing..through fog and ice in nothing more than jack boats.
†28. A vessel used in the production of soap or refinement of wax, into which the refined or prepared material is decanted before being poured into the moulds. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for making other articles > [noun] > soap-making equipment
frame1725
pan1742
Jack1845
sess1853
soap-boiler1863
fan1885
1845 A. J. Cooley Cycl. Pract. Receipts (ed. 2) 559/2 It is necessary to have the ‘jacks’ or cans, ladles, and skimmers used in the above process kept pretty hot, as without this precaution the wax cools, and accumulates upon them in such quantity as to render them inconvenient.
c1865 H. Letheby in J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 96/1 They [sc. fatty acids] are poured off into vessels called ‘jacks’.
1896 A. Watt Art of Soap-making (ed. 5) App. 293 The melted stearine, tallow, paraffin, or other material, is poured into the trough of the frame from a small can, called a jack.
29. U.S. A flaming torch, hand-held oil or paraffin lamp, or portable cresset or fire basket filled with burning wood, coals, etc., used (often illegally) to illuminate, attract, dazzle, or temporarily immobilize game or fish when hunting or fishing at night. Now only in jack lamp n. (b) at Compounds 2a, jacklight n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > portable receptacle for burning fuel
fire paneOE
heartheOE
fire vessela1382
chafer1395
chimneyc1420
chafing-dish1483
coal pan1530
fire chauffer1558
brazeraine1623
brasero1652
brazier1690
firecage1770
fire-holder1789
fire basket1798
mangal1814
komfoor1841
rodney1848
Jack1849
chip pan1854
reredos1859
hibachi1863
scaldino1866
chafing-pan1867
salamander1873
1849 Sartain's Mag. Jan. 24/2 The jack was in the bow of the canoe, the pitchy roots in the jack ready to be lighted up in an instant.
1885 Outing (U.S.) Oct. 75/1 If you can shoot behind the jack,..Bullock will be glad to paddle you within range of an old buck.
1914 Amer. Rifleman 22 Oct. 65/1 A successful shot by the flickering light of the jack.
†30. slang. Horsemeat which has been salted and washed to disguise its taste. Obsolete.
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the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > preserved meat > [noun] > salted meat
Martinmas meatc1450
Martinmas beefc1475
powder beef1479
Martinmas flesh1656
Irish horse1748
bully1753
junk1762
salt junk1792
salt horse1836
red horse1864
hunter's beef1879
bullamacow1887
Jack1890
macon1939
1890 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 26 Apr. 967/1 Horseflesh is largely used by low-class sausage makers under the trade name of ‘Jack.’
1904 Daily Chron. 18 May 8/5 Horseflesh so treated is known as ‘Jack’, and if it passes through a mincing machine and is mixed with fat, flesh, and spice, it cannot then be distinguished from that of the ox.
31. Originally and chiefly U.S. Money. Cf. to make one's jack at Phrases 1b.Formerly also in plural in same sense.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > [noun]
silverc825
feec870
pennieseOE
wortheOE
mintOE
scata1122
spense?c1225
spendinga1290
sumc1300
gooda1325
moneya1325
cattlec1330
muckc1330
reasona1382
pecunyc1400
gilt1497
argentc1500
gelta1529
Mammon1539
ale silver1541
scruff1559
the sinews of war1560
sterling1565
lour1567
will-do-all1583
shell1591
trasha1592
quinyie1596
brass1597
pecuniary1604
dust1607
nomisma1614
countera1616
cross and pilea1625
gingerbreada1625
rhinoa1628
cash1646
grig1657
spanker1663
cole1673
goree1699
mopus1699
quid1699
ribbin1699
bustle1763
necessary1772
stuff1775
needfula1777
iron1785
(the) Spanish1788
pecuniar1793
kelter1807
dibs1812
steven1812
pewter1814
brad1819
pogue1819
rent1823
stumpy1828
posh1830
L. S. D.1835
rivetc1835
tin1836
mint sauce1839
nobbins1846
ochre1846
dingbat1848
dough1848
cheese1850
California1851
mali1851
ducat1853
pay dirt1853
boodle?1856
dinero1856
scad1856
the shiny1856
spondulicks1857
rust1858
soap1860
sugar1862
coin1874
filthy1876
wampum1876
ooftish1877
shekel1883
oil1885
oof1885
mon1888
Jack1890
sploshc1890
bees and honey1892
spending-brass1896
stiff1897
mazuma1900
mazoom1901
cabbage1903
lettuce1903
Oscar Asche1905
jingle1906
doubloons1908
kale1912
scratch1914
green1917
oscar1917
snow1925
poke1926
oodle1930
potatos1931
bread1935
moolah1936
acker1939
moo1941
lolly1943
loot1943
poppy1943
mazoola1944
dosh1953
bickies1966
lovely jubbly1990
scrilla1994
1890 M. Townsend U.S.: Index to United States Amer. 427 The..verbal wealth of the United States language is illustrated in an inquiry for a loan of money;..Have you any..Jacks, [etc.].
1920 Collier's 28 Aug. 33/2 The fans which paid their jack to see a fight would be gypped.
1945 ‘N. Shute’ Most Secret 111 I hadn't that much jack... I worked a passage home.
1960 A. Prior in Pick of Today's Short Stories XI. 184 I asked him..to think of the new suits he could get..when the jack came in.
2004 Associated Press Newswire (Nexis) 8 Oct. ‘I was making some jack,’ he said. ‘I made 1,500 bucks one summer.’
32. British slang. A tablet of heroin, esp. a soluble tablet of pharmaceutical heroin (formerly prescribed to drug addicts). Also (Prison slang) as a mass noun: heroin. Now chiefly historical.
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the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > an intoxicating drug > [noun] > a) narcotic drug(s) > morphine, cocaine, or heroin > heroin > quantity or dose of
piece1935
Jack1967
spoon1968
1967 M. M. Glatt et al. Drug Scene in Great Brit. 115 Jack, heroin tablet.
1971 R. Busby Deadlock xii. 177 His last jack is wearing off, and he's grovelling on the floor for another pill.
1980 S. McConville in L. Michaels & C. B. Ricks State of Lang. 526 Heroin..has acquired strange and somewhat bitter nicknames. Horse or H are well known, but there are also jack, schmock and shit.
2005 J. Strang et al. in J. Strang & M. Gossop Heroin Addiction & Brit. Syst. II. i. 7 Pharmaceutical heroin was prescribed in the 1960s and 1970s in the form of tablets known as pills or jacks, which the addict (or nurse or doctor) would then dissolve in water to make the solution ready for injecting.
33. British slang. Five pounds; a five-pound note. Cf. jacks n. Now rare.
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society > trade and finance > money > sum of money > [noun] > specific sums of money > five pounds
spin1941
Jack1968
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > English banknotes > [noun] > five-pound note
five1836
finnip1839
fiver1843
fin1868
flim1870
Jack's alive1938
jacks1958
Jack1968
1968 Gloss. Brit. Argot Jack, five pounds.
1972 ‘K. Royce’ Miniatures Frame v. 64 From under a pottery sugar jar..protruded two jacks.
IV. As the name of an animal.Often as an abbreviation of the fuller names treated under Compounds 3.
34. The male of various animals (see also Compounds 3a).
a. Falconry. A male falcon; spec. a male merlin, Falco columbarius. Frequently attributive (see Compounds 3a(a)).
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the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > hawk > male
tercelc1381
terceletc1381
tercel-gentle1486
Jack1575
tercellenea1682
1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 170 Yf you will flee with the Merlyne at Partridge, chuse the female, whiche is the larger, for they onely will proue good therevnto. And in trayning or making the Iacke, you should but loose your time.
1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. iii. at Hawks A Merlin, the male is called a Iack. The Castrill male a Iack.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Hawk The Female of all Birds of Prey is much larger, stronger, and more couragious than the Male; which is distinguished therefrom by some diminutive Name..; that of the Merlin, Jack.
1860 J. P. Hamilton Reminisc. Old Sportsman II. xlii. 250 The female [hobby] is larger than the male, which, in falconers' vocabulary, is her jack or robin.
2003 G. Robinson Sinews Falconry i. i. 3 The male sparrowhawk is called a ‘musket’, the male merlin a ‘jack’ and there are other variations.
b. Chiefly U.S. A male ass, esp. when kept for breeding mules. Cf. jackass n.1 1.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > [noun] > equus asinus (ass) > male or jackass
stone-assa1607
Jack1631
jackass1727
burro1800
dickass1825
Washoe canary1867
Rocky Mountain canary1889
1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre iii. iv. 38 in Wks. II If the pannier-mans Iacke were euer better knowne by his loynes of mutton, I'le be flead, and feede dogs for him, when his time comes.
1799 G. Washington Let. 18 Aug. in Writings (1893) XIV. 197 I have two or three young Jacks..and several she asses, that I would dispose of.
1840 W. Irving Early Experiences Ralph Ringwood in Knickerbocker Mag. Aug. 153 A gentleman..took it into his head that it would be an immense public advantage to introduce a breed of mules, and accordingly imported three jacks to stock the neighbourhood.
1873 H. W. Longfellow Monk Casal-Maggiore in Aftermath i. 68 He leisurely untied From head and neck the halter of the jack.
1914 Nebraska Farmer 9 Dec. 1179/3 (advt.) Also 13 head horses and mules; 5 brood mares bred to jack.
2003 Daily Tel. 24 Mar. 25/4 The mule, the sterile hybrid offspring of a jack (a male donkey) and a mare, is renowned for its intelligence, endurance, surefootedness and obstinacy.
35. Any of various fishes.
a. A pike (genus Esox), esp. when young or small. Also spec.: (Canadian) the northern pike, E. lucius, and (U.S.) the walleye, Sander vitreus.See also jack fish n. at Compounds 3b, jack pike n. at Compounds 3b, jack salmon n. at Compounds 3b.
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the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Esocidae (pikes) > [noun] > esox lucius (true pike) > young or small
pickerel1290
pickering1528
Jack1587
pod1587
jeg1611
jack pike1788
pikelet1892
1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) iii. iii. 224/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I The pike as he ageth, receiueth diuerse names, as..from a pod to a iacke, from a iacke to a pickerell, from a pickerell to a pike.
1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xix. 185 Old great Pikes are very hard, tough, and ill to digest: young ones (called Jacks) are contrariwise too watrish and moist.
1696 H. Kelsey in Kelsey Papers (1929) 54 To day 5 of our men came from the fourteens which brought 7 Jacks and 20 patridges likewise two from french Creek with 2 Jack and two trout.
1709 J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 159 The Jack, Pike, or Pickerel, is exactly the same, in Carolina, as they are in England. Indeed, I never saw this fish so big and large in America, as I have in Europe.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 108. ¶5 The Gentleman..had the Pleasure of seeing the huge Jack, he had caught, served up for the first Dish.
1787 T. Best Conc. Treat. Angling (ed. 2) 47 A method which I have taken more pikes and jacks with, than any other way.
1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Jack, a young male pike, under a foot in length.
1883 Good Words 24 12 Jack may be caught in the river Roding.
1897 E. Coues New Light Early Hist. Greater Northwest II. xiii. 456 Brochet is F[rench] name of the pike, a fish, otherwise called jack.
1906 J. W. Martin My Fishing Days xii. 120 A local man called the place the Gutter Pool, and it was the only spot there where I found a jack.
1951 Bull. Illinois Nat. Hist. Surv. Sept. 283 (table) Walleye, jack, jack salmon.
2016 Eastern Daily Press (Norwich) (Nexis) 28 Dec. Pike seem to have undergone a seismic population shift, with hordes of jacks infesting some of the drains and few bigger fish about.
†b. A hake; the flesh of the hake, used as food. Apparently only in dried Jack, dry Jack. Cf. poorjack n. Obsolete.
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the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > superorder Paracanthopterygii > order Gadiformes (cod) > [noun] > family Gadidae > merlucius or hake
hake1225
luce of the sea1598
sea-pike1601
Jacka1625
whiting1735
beard1758
stockfish1823
sea-luce1880–4
the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > seafood > [noun] > fish > cured fish > dried fish
stockfish1290
spalderlingc1340
titling1386
woke fish1386
salpa?1527
spelding1537
lobfish1538
bacalao1555
Poor John1589
buck-horn1602
poorjack1623
Jacka1625
spalding1776
speldring1802
Digby1829
klipfish1835
Bombay duck1850
scale-fish1856
skrae-fish1867
rockfish1876
katsuobushi1891
a1625 J. Fletcher Womans Prize ii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) 104/2 You have a certaine feare to finde him Worse then a poore dride Jack.
1674 A. Cremer tr. J. Scheffer Hist. Lapland xiii. 67 They pay..half a pound of dried Jack.
1704 London Gaz. No. 4026/3 Lading, consisting of..Dry Codfish, Dry Jack, Hogslard.
c. Originally Caribbean. Any of numerous fast-swimming, predatory marine fishes of the family Carangidae, which includes the runners and trevallies (genus Caranx), amberjacks (genus Seriola), and pompanos (genus Trachinotus); a carangid. Also (with distinguishing word): any of several marine fishes of other families.See also jack fish n. at Compounds 3b, jack mackerel n. at Compounds 3b.amberjack, buffalo jack, goggle-eyed jack, hickory jack, mangrove jack, skipjack, yellow jack, etc.: see the first element.
ΚΠ
1679 T. Trapham Disc. Health Jamaica 65 The choice Mullet brings up the next division crowded with various Snappers, Rock fish, Stone bass, Cavallies, Groopers, Jacks.., &c.
1873 T. Gill in S. F. Baird Rep. Sea Fisheries S. Coast New Eng. 1871–2 (U.S. Comm. Fish & Fisheries) 803 Paratractus pisquetos (Cuv. et Val.) Gill.—Yellow crevallé; cojinua (Cuba). Jack, Buffalo Jack (Bermuda.) Cape Cod to Florida.
1897 Outing 29 231/2 Other game fishes of Florida are the ‘jack’, or crevallé, also called carvalho.
1937 L. A. Walford Marine Game Fishes of Pacific Coast 72/1 The fish is the Striped Jack (Caranx vinctus).
1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes xv. 254/1 The family Nematistiidae is sometimes combined with the next four families (remoras, cobia, dolphinfishes, and jacks) to form a clade known as carangoids.
2010 Archaeol. in Oceania 45 135/1 Scutes, unique to the jacks (Carangidae), are the second most common element used here for identifying this taxon.
†36. A caterpillar; esp. when used as bait by anglers. Obsolete.
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the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > bait > worms and grubs
angletwitcheOE
wormc1320
codwormc1450
redwormc1450
gentle1577
touchangle1581
bob1589
Jack1601
dug1608
codbait1620
caddis-worm1627
caddis1653
cockspur1653
lob-worm1653
marsh worm1653
gilt tail1656
cadew1668
cad1674
ash-grub1676
clap-bait1681
whitebait1681
earth-bob1696
jag-tail1736
buzz1760
treachet1787
angleworm1788
cow-turd-bob1798
palmer bob1814
slob1814
angledog1832
caddis-bait1833
sedge-worm1839
snake feeder1861
hellgrammite1866
easworm1872
cow-dung bob1880
snake doctora1883
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World Contents sig. bv/1 Of silke flies, their wormes and Iackes called Bombylis and Necydalus, and who first devised silke-cloth.
1681 J. Chetham Angler's Vade Mecum iv. 30 Crabtree-worm, or Jack.
1787 T. Best Conc. Treat. Angling i. iii. 16 How to find and preserve Caterpillars, Oak-worms, Cabbage-worms, Colewort-worm, or Grub, Crabtree worm, or Jack, and Grasshoppers.
37. Any of various birds.
a.
(a) The jackdaw, Corvus monedula. Now rare.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [noun] > genus Corvus > corvus monedula (jackdaw)
choughc1305
coc1325
kae1340
caddow1440
daw?a1475
jay1484
jackdaw1543
caddesse1565
pilledow1603
Jack1651
sea-crow1897
1651 J. Ogilby Fables of Æsop Paraphras'd ii. 16 I stand the true example of vain pride, Since I the Jayish nation did despise, Not only noble Birds will me deride, But I shall be a scorne to Jacks and Pies.
1653 Mercurius Democritus No. 44. 350 Jack-Daws will leave the Steeples, and betake themselves to Chambers in the City, being of more convenience to Treat, Lay, brood and Hatch up their young Jacks.
1696 Parable Three Jackdaws 2/1 The Magpies and Jacks were Thunder-struck at tho hearing of this unlookt-for Command.
1881 Jrnl. Hort., Cottage Gardener & Home Farmer 7 July 24/2 I shot the first jackdaw I came across, and hung up its body as a warning... The jacks were cut up and thrown in pieces about the scene of their crimes.
1950 F. Pitt Nature through Year vii. 43 The doves were easy winners and ‘the jacks’ departed to seek a nest elsewhere.
(b) The jack snipe, Lymnocryptes minimus.
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the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > lymnocryptes minimus (jack snipe)
snipe-knave1590
snyte-knave1611
judcock1621
jack snipe1664
gid1674
half-snipe1766
plover's page1771
Jack1824
plover's provider1892
1824 P. Hawker Instr. Young Sportsmen (ed. 3) 241 The ‘old hand’ therefore keeps the jack for his own eating, and sends the fine looking full snipe to his friend.
1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 15 Dec. 4/2 It may be said both of full snipe and jack that they afford not only the best, but the most legitimate kind of sport.
1937 Times 26 Jan. p. xxx/3 Three guns..can still get their 35 to 40 snipe apiece in the day, without counting jack and painters.
1993 Texas Parks & Wildlife Dec. 39 (heading) Jacks are wild.
b. As the second element in various other bird names.Cornish jack, curlew jack, hay-jack , idle Jack, may jack, whisky jack, etc.: see the first element.
ΚΠ
1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. ii. ii. 68 Subtle Jacks are Birds as big as Pigeons... They are called by the English Subtle Jacks, because of this uncommon way of building.
1776 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 66 103 There are four kinds; the yellow, or king penguin; the red; the black or holey, from their burrowing under ground; and the jumping jacks, from their motion.
1827 P. Hawker Diary 1 Aug. (1893) I. 312 I should have made a grand shot of curlew jacks.
1991 M. Robertson Chestnut Pipe 96 ‘Jay jack’, ‘jay cat’, ‘jay hawk’, ‘carrion bird’ are names for the Gray Jay.
2009 R. J. Cannings Roadside Nature Tours Okanagan x. 95 Grey jays, also known as Canada jays or whisky jacks, float among the trees.
c. Australian. The laughing kookaburra, Dacelo novaeguineae. Also laughing Jack, Old Jack.Cf. jackass n.1 4a, Jacko n. 1, Jacky n. 4.
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the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Coraciiformes (kingfisher, etc.) > [noun] > family Alcedinidae > dacelo novaeguineae (kookaburra)
kingfisher1440
laughing jackass1798
settler's clock1827
jackass1844
goburra1860
Jack1863
kookaburra1890
Jacky1898
Jacko1907
kooka1933
1863 R. W. Vanderkiste Lost—but not for Ever v. 155 Snakes are to Jack what turtle and venison are to the gourmand.
1898 E. E. Morris Austral Eng. 216/1 The bird is generally called only a Jackass, and this is becoming contracted into the simple abbreviation of Jack.
1934 Bulletin (Sydney) 14 Feb. 26/2 Jack came to the conclusion that it was, as tucker, a washout, and departed.
1954 C. Barrett Wild Life Austral. & New Guinea 120 ‘Old Jack’, the kookaburra, may have faults, but he has always been a general favourite.
2004 S. Legge Kookaburra i. 3 Other common names were also a tribute to the remarkable call, such as ‘Laughing Jackass’ (and its derivatives ‘Laughing Jack’, ‘Laughing Johnny’, etc.).
38. U.S. A jackrabbit (jackrabbit n. 1).
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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Lagomorpha (rabbits and hares) > [noun] > family Leporidae > genus Lepus (hares) > lepus townsendii (jack-rabbit)
prairie hare1840
jackass rabbit1847
mule-eared rabbit1855
mule rabbit1857
Texan hare1859
jackrabbit1863
Jack1864
mule-ear rabbit1889
mountain hare1923
1864 L. B. Hull Diary 12 Apr. in Kansas Hist. Q. (1938) 7 9 Went to the bluffs hunting... Started one ‘jack’ and a flock of chickens.
1894 Outing 24 386/2 One day he wounded a big jack, and as he went to pick it up, it arose upon its hind legs.
1947 R. Bedichek Adventures with Texas Naturalist (1984) 158 I once saw a young jack darting from cover to cover like an artful and seasoned dodger to avoid the stoops of a prairie falcon.
2013 D. B. Williams Naturalist's Guide Canyon Country (ed. 2) 94/1 Jacks spend the day in forms, shallow depressions dug under shrubs or near clumps of grass.
V. As the name of a (type of) plant.See also Phrases 4, Compounds 4.
39.
a. Horticulture. Any of various cultivated varieties of primrose or polyanthus in which the calyces, or calyces and bracts, of the flowers are converted into leaf-like or petal-like structures. Cf. jackanapes on horseback at jackanapes n. Phrases, Jack-in-the-box n. 8c, Jack in the green n. 2. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1868 Gardeners' Chron. 25 Apr. 438/3 The variety you send is commonly sold in Covent Garden Market under the name of Jack. The calyx here partly assumes the character of the corolla. The liquid colouring matter, which is generally confined to the corolla, is here developed in the calyx also.
1874 Gardeners' Chron. 25 Apr. 539/3 The writer can testify to having bought..basketfuls of ‘Jacks’ and ‘Galligaskins’ in Covent Garden Market for the purpose of illustrating botanical lectures.
1958 M. Fish All Year Garden v. 50 Another old primrose that I once had and have no more is Jackanapes... It can't quite make up its mind whether to be a Jack or a hose-in-hose.
1975 R. Genders Growing Old-fashioned Flowers 23 Maid Marion. A new Jack, the true primrose yellow flowers having a deeper yellow centre.
b. Horticulture. A carnation plant with single flowers, misrepresented as or bred from a named variety with double flowers. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > pinks or carnations
gillyflower1517
carnation1538
clove gillyflower1538
incarnation1538
William1538
pink1566
John1572
Indian eye1573
sops-in-wine1573
sweet John1573
sweet-william1573
tuft gillyflower1573
Colmenier1578
small honesty1578
tol-me-neer1578
London tuft1597
maidenly pink1597
mountain pink1597
clove-carnation1605
musk-gillyflower1607
London pride1629
pride of London1629
maiden pink1650
Indian pink1664
Spanish pink1664
pheasant's eye pink1718
flake1727
flame1727
picotee1727
old man's head1731
painted lady1731
piquet1731
China-pink1736
clove1746
wild pink1753
lime-wort1777
matted thrift1792
clove-pink1837
Cheddar Pink1843
Dianthus1849
bunch pink1857
perpetual-flowering carnation1861
cliff pink1863
meadow pink1866
musk carnation1866
Jack1873
wax-pink1891
Malmaison1892
grenadin1904
1873 Gardeners' Chron. 12 Apr. 502/3 These invariably reproduce others of a like character in considerable proportions, such plants being most eagerly desired by the hawkers, and are in slang phrase called ‘broad-leaved Jacks’.
1878 Gardeners' Chron. 16 Mar. 340/1 Jacks is the horticultural slang designation for single carnations, which are grown specially for the trading hawker..and sold to the unsuspicious as best named varieties.
1882 Garden 16 Sept. 250/3 [He] has been victimised by the sharp dealers in single Carnations, usually called ‘Jacks’.
1906 Country Life 10 Mar. 337/1 When the seed is not selected with care the proportion of single to double sorts is very great, so much so that it sometimes occurs that not a double flower appears at all, these Carnations being known in the market as ‘Jacks’.
2002 P. McGeorge & K. Hammett Carnations & Pinks xi. 89 Even the most double parents (those plants that have complex flowers with several overlapping layers of petals) produce a proportion of single flowered offspring..). For carnations, these are known traditionally as ‘jacks’.
c. Originally English regional. In full creeping jack. Biting stonecrop, Sedum acre. Now historical and rare.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Crassulaceae (stonecrop and allies) > [noun] > stonecrop
sengreenc1000
stonecropc1000
orpine?a1300
orval?a1300
mouse grassc1300
stonehorea1400
Crassulac1400
sedumc1440
thrift1538
prick-madam1542
mousetail1548
livelong1578
wall pepper1578
worm-grass1578
country pepper1597
jack of the buttery1597
pricket1597
stone-pepper1597
trick-madam1600
trip-madam1693
midsummer mena1697
rosewort1725
roseroot1731
live forever1760
ice plant1818
wall moss1855
Jacka1876
wall grass1882
thick-leaf1884
a1876 E. Leigh Gloss. Words Dial. Cheshire (1877) 52 Creeping jack, Sedum acre, biting stone crop.
1885 Gardening Illustr. 21 Nov. 530/2 ‘C.M.P’ can furnish the hanging-pots and baskets in his greenhouse tolerably well with the following plants, all of which are quite hardy and easily obtained:—Creeping Jack (Sedum acre), Gold-dust plant (Sedum acre variegatum), [etc.].
1930 C. B. King Rosemary makes Garden iv. 60 These queer little plants have all sorts of names, some of them very amusing—love-a-tangle, creeping Jack, jealousy, constancy, [etc.].

Phrases

P1. Phrases with verbs and adverbs.
†a. to play the jack (also jacks): to act in a dishonest, deceitful, or underhand manner. Chiefly with with a person. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > roguery, knavery, or rascalry > [verb (intransitive)]
truantc1400
to play the‥varlet1579
to play the jack1606
rogue1702
scaramouch1783
blackguard1786
1606 T. Heywood 2nd Pt. If you know not Me sig. D3v I thinke your master had more need knock you about the eares, for playing the Iackes with him.
1613 F. Beaumont Knight of Burning Pestle Prol. sig. B1 If you were not resolu'd to play the Iacks, what need you study for new subiects, purposely to abuse your betters?
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iv. i. 197 Your Fairy..Has done little better then plaid the Iacke with vs. View more context for this quotation
1679 F. Smith Clod-pate's Ghost 8/1 I knew thou wouldst play the Jack with me.
†b. U.S. to make one's jack: to make one's fortune; to prosper, to succeed. Obsolete. [Compare senses 21c(a) and 31.]
ΚΠ
1778 J. Todd Let. 29 June in T. Bodley Hist. Kentucky (1928) I. x. 153 My greatest Pleasure here is thinking I shall make my Jack here if I can preserve my Night-Cap.
1817 A. Royall Lett. from Alabama (1830) ix. 21 Amusing myself with ‘mine host’ and hostess, who I dare say, expect to make their Jack out of me.
1867 J. M. Crawford Mosby & his Men 282 Frankland having given up the office of Quartermaster of the battalion, to take command of Company F.., thought it an excellent opportunity to make his ‘Jack’.
1901 H. Robertson Inlander ii. 25 You've come here to make your jack, and I've always heard that a good way to do that is to dress as if you'd already made it.
c. British colloquial. I'm all right, Jack: used to indicate selfish complacency and disregard for the circumstances or difficulties of others; also attributive designating this attitude.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > self-interest > one's own interest [phrase] > expression of selfish complacency
I'm all right, Jack1885
1885 Hampshire Advertiser 11 July 3/6 The Liberal policy seemed to him to be ‘I'm all right, Jack; how are you?’
1919 F. Ninette Tiddley Sailors 26 They dodged as much work as possible and generally assumed the manner ‘I'm all right Jack’.
1960 News Chron. 2 May 4/6 This ‘I'm all right, Jack’ attitude towards such relatives is deplorable.
2004 D. Peace GB 84 32/1 They're all, Fuck you, I'm all right Jack, says Tony.
d. colloquial. every jack: every single (person or thing); esp. in every jack one. Also not a jack: not a single (person or thing).
ΚΠ
1886 Horse & Hound 16 Oct. 628/2 Every jack one left the covert in a short time.
1926 C. E. Montague Rough Justice vi. § 2 Not a Jack window in it but looks bang down the reach.
1926 C. E. Montague Rough Justice x. § 2 Till he could get to know every Jack atom there was to be known.
1950 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 14 Oct. 8/5 What I would like to see..every jack one of them in the House do.
2013 T. Lyons Warlock's Daughters ii. 164 He..put them up in fancy hotels downtown; and he balled every jack one of them for years and years.
e. slang (originally and chiefly British). on one's jack: on one's own, alone; cf. on one's pat at pat n.4, on one's tod at tod n.4 [Short for Jack Jones n. Compare earlier Jack Jones adj. and slightly later on one's Jack Jones at Jack Jones n.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > one > condition of being alone > [adverb] > by oneself
by oneself (himself, themselves, etc.)eOE
myself one (also alone)a1300
of oneselfc1450
sole1450
post alone1478
solely1495
high-lone1533
myselfc1540
lone1613
solus cum solo1742
on one's ownio1908
on one's Pat Malone1908
on one's lonely(-o)1919
on one's ownsome1921
on one's jack1931
on one's tod1934
1931 ‘G. Orwell’ Hop-picking in Coll. Ess. (1968) I. 71 Jack, on his: on his own.
1935 ‘G. Orwell’ Clergyman's Daughter iii. 197 Michael went off on his jack an' left me wid de bloody baby.
1973 R. Parkes Guardians x. 193 I thought I could go sneaking in there all on my jack and bring out the evidence.
2006 C. Tate et al. Am I Bovvered? 55 Lauren: You're on your jack, mate. Ryan: Right, I'll go without you then.
f. colloquial (originally and chiefly U.S.) not to know jack: not to know anything at all. Hence in other dismissive (and chiefly negative) constructions.Compare earlier jackshit n., jack-all n., and later jack squat n.
ΚΠ
1974 Arizona Daily Republic 26 Dec. g4/4 A lot of coaches don't know jack about athletic injuries.
1983 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch 3 Feb. 7 a/3 They tell you they can get a new load for you, but sometimes that doesn't mean jack.
1994 R. McKnight in Kenyon Rev. Spring 44 I ain't said jack to you, man. Go talk to Mendez; he's the one pissed you off.
1999 N.Y. Post (Nexis) 4 Jan. 8 People ask me how do I know the sky is blue and grass is green when I can't see jack.
2005 D. Dailey-Clarke Lazy Eye 203 ‘What happened that night?’ She's right. I did jack.
2016 Post (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 13 July (E1 ed.) 12 The truth is, you still don't know jack about anything, and the more you say you do, the more trouble you're in.
g. every man jack, any man jack: see man n.1 21.
P2. Proverb. Jack is as good as his master: an assertion of equality, usually in a specific context, between persons of differing class, rank, or status.
ΚΠ
1798 Anti-Jacobin 2 Apr. 93 It was at this time the constant practice to excite the seamen to treat their officers with insolence and contempt.., Jack is as good as his Master here.
1868 C. Reade & D. Boucicault Foul Play II. xx. 228 Is it the general opinion of seamen before the mast? Come, tell us. Jack's as good as his master in these matters.
1881 F. Caddy Lares & Penates ix. 181 Jack's as good as his master, so we dress and think on a level with Jack.
1905 W. C. Russell Yarn Old Harbour Town xi. 271 Jack's as good as his master when it comes to his having to do something which he didn't agree for.
1987 R. Hill Child's Play viii. 248 1945 might have seen Britain ready at last for the political assertion that Jack was as good as his master.
P3. Phrases in which Jack forms part of a colloquial name or nickname for a particular (type of) person or thing. When designating a person, usually with reference to a man or boy.See also Jack-a-Lent n., Jack-in-the-box n., Jack in the green n., Jack of all trades n., Jack-o'-lantern n.
Jack among the maids n. now rare a man who enjoys the company of women; a ladies' man; (also simply) a man outnumbered in a social group by women or girls.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > flirtation or coquetry > [noun] > flirt > male flirt > ladies' man or philanderer
gallanta1450
dalliera1568
women's man1568
amorist1595
woman's man1597
lady-mongerc1600
dammaret1635
topgallant1701
agapet1736
ladies' man1764
Jack among the maids1785
philanderer1841
Romeo1902
tea-hound1921
bird dog1942
1785 J. Trusler Mod. Times I. vi. 160 The Mayor..was a pleasant man, and Jack among the maids.
1827 W. Napier Let. June in H. A. Bruce Life W. Napier (1864) I. xii. 308 I shall be Jack among the maids, the husbands being in London.
1894 ‘Iota’ Children of Circumstance xxix. 179 She was watching Frank's back disagreeably. ‘Jack among the maids,’ she murmured.
1954 Country Life 28 Oct. 2100/1 I was Jack among the maids, being one of three men in a party of, I think, nineteen ladies.
Jack at (a) pinch n. (a name for) a person who is available (esp. for work) whenever needed; spec. †a member of the clergy who stands in temporarily when required (obsolete); (formerly also as adv.) †in an emergency, as a last resort (obsolete). Now archaic and rare.In quot. 1994 in a poem describing various phrases containing the name Jack.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > exchange > substitution > [noun] > a substitute > poor or temporary
Jack at a pinch1622
stopgap1691
apology1754
makeshift1822
warming-pan1846
ersatz1875
substitute1878
1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue i. 130 When there was neede of my seruice..I was seldome or neuer wanting; I was Iacke at a pinch.
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Jack at a Pinch, a poor Hackney Parson.
1700 T. Brown Descr. Mr. D—n's Funeral 8 Iack-at-a pinch, when reeling he repairs To neighb'ring Church to mumble o'er his Pray'rs.
1775 J. Jackson Æsop's Fables (new ed.) xxii. 24 The Gods are not apt to be like a Jack at a pinch, to drudge and slave for every lazy drone.
1821 John Bull 28 May 189/2 For the want of an abler hand, he consented to become Jack at pinch.
1883 F. M. Whitcher Widow Bedott Papers ii Miss Coon..knows that the Major took her [as a wife] ‘Jack at a pinch’—seein' he couldent get such as he wanted, he took such as he could get.
1892 E. S. Hartland County Folk-lore: Gloucs. 156 Well, if I be'ent set tew regular I on't come Jack at a pinch.
1902 F. Lynde Master of Appleby xxv. 276 That wily Jack-at-a-pinch of ours will befool them into believing that he is a runner from the Cowee Towns.
1994 C. Causley All Day Sat. 85 Jack-at-a-Pinch gives a hand when he can.
† Jack-hold-my-staff n. Obsolete (a name for) a lowly servant or employee.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > attendant or personal servant > [noun] > servile
John-hold-my-staff1542
Jack-hold-my-staff1625
1625 R. Montagu Appello Cæsarem ii. xvi. 217 As if..the man [were not] to bee made any more account of than Iack hold my staffe, by these Rabbies.
1678 A. Behn Sir Patient Fancy v. i. 90 Madam, in plain English I am made a John A-Nokes of, Jack-hold-my-staff,..to give Leander time to marry your Daughter.
1702 J. Tutchin Mouse grown Rat 28 Mere Jack-hold-my-Staff's, that would be the Cyphers of Government.
1710 E. Ward Nuptial Dialogues & Deb. I. xxix. 354 You're but Jack-hold-my-staff at best.
Jack in office n. a person in authority who behaves in an officious manner, esp. one in a relatively minor position; (also attributive) designating or characteristic of such a person.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > officious or petty
Jack in office1652
red-tapist1832
red-taper1837
Bumble1846
red tapeworm1851
tapist1852
jobsworth1970
1652 Anti-levellers Antidote 22 Such Officers, or Jacks in Office, have been very insolently proud.
1766 W. Kenrick Falstaff's Wedding i. iv. 4 A jack-in-office rascal! we shall cure the blue-skin'd runnion of his itch for whipping, I warrant ye.
1794 ‘P. Pindar’ Wks. II. 452 I hate a jack-in-office martinet.
1887 W. Besant World Went xiii The clerks..gave this young officer..as much trouble as Jacks-in-office possibly can.
1932 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Nov. 869/3 Harassed by Guatamaltec Jacks-in-office.
1976 A. Calder Russia Discovered viii. 259 ‘You can wait,’ he yelled at her as he turned to Ragin; this kind of jack-in-office rudeness is something which Chekhov loathes.
2011 Hull Daily Mail (Nexis) 14 Nov. 10 Local councillors..worried sick that some little jack in office at the Planning Inspectorate in Bristol, will overturn their local decisions.
Jack in the Basket n. Nautical a type of warning beacon consisting of a basket, box, etc., on top of a pole, used to mark a sandbank or other dangerous area.Originally and chiefly as the name of certain warning beacons of this type.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > buoys, marks, or lighthouses > [noun] > object on land or sea as guide > beacon > types of
watereOE
Jack in the Basket1710
balize1847
beacon-bell1862
1710 Post-man & Hist. Acct. 8 June The Cruiser and Monk's Prize are come to an Anchor at Jack in the Basket.
1893 E. H. Hills Channel Pilot (ed. 8) v. 225 Lymington spit extends 7½ cables in a south-easterly direction from Jack-in-the-basket to the 3-fathoms line.
1941 Beaver Sept. 38/1 Jack-in-the-Basket. A beacon. The Moose River was well buoyed, and the many shoals were marked with high poles surmounted with long wicker baskets, or broom heads of willows.
2008 P. Bruce Solent Hazards (ed. 5) 59/1 Shoal water extends out beyond the line of the Pennington sewer beacon and Jack in the Basket.
† Jack in the (low) cellar n. [after Dutch Hans-in-kelder (see Hans n. b)] Obsolete rare an unborn child; cf. Hans-in-kelder n. at Hans n. b.
ΚΠ
1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Hans-en-kelder, a Dutch word, signifying Jack in the Cellar; it is commonly taken for a child in the mothers belly.
1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle I. x. 76 When his companions drank to the Hans en kelderr, or Jack in the low cellar, he could not help displaying an extraordinary complacence of countenance.
Jack in (also o') the water n. English regional (London) (now historical and rare) (a name given to) a person, esp. a young man or boy, who offers his or her services to passengers or watermen at a landing-stage on the Thames.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > worker in specific place > [noun] > on the shore
shoreman1690
water boy1722
Jack in the water1826
beach-man1867
tidesman1882
1826 Bell's Life in London 4 June 182/3 Andrews, who acts as ‘Jack-o'-the-water’ at the stairs leading from the above tavern.
1829 Standard 22 Sept. He was playing in a boat at Middlesex stairs, where his elder brother was ‘Jack in the water’.
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour I. 66/1 The lads, who act as jacks-in-the-water, were busy feeling in the mud for the fish that had fallen over board.
1973 P. Lovesey Mad Hatter's Holiday xii. 129 Tom Sayers, the great pugilist, was once one of these ‘Jacks in the water’.
Jack of (also †at) all work(s) n. a person who is able to do many different types of work; = Jack of all trades n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > [noun] > odd-job or handyman
factotum1562
Magister factotum1573
Johannes factotum1592
Jack of all trades1618
Tom of all trades1631
John-of-all-trades1639
handyman1742
odd man1743
gimcrack1766
Jack of all work1773
orraman1802
bottle washer1835
Jack1836
odd-jobs man1859
roustabout1862
hob-jobber1873
rouster1882
odd-jobber1886
knockabout1889
orra-loon1895
rouser1896
trouncer1896
leatherneck1898
loppy1898
rouseabout1901
bluetongue2002
1773 Westm. Mag. Mar. 188/1 Zounds, he is a Jack of all work; from the garret to the kitchen he is a creature of use.
1820 Sporting Mag. 6 159 My Jack of all works, who, by the by, is a universal gallant.
1908 Forest & Stream 29 Feb. 355/1 ‘A. B.’ (Coulters) the caretaker, builder, jack-at-all work of the club being retained.
2008 Sunday Business Post (Ireland) (Nexis) 2 Nov. From sponsored radio show host to radio announcer..he was a jack of all work.
Jack of (also o') both sides n. now rare (Australian) (a name for) a person who sides first with one party and then with an opposing one, or who professes support for opposing causes; often in to play Jack of (also o') both sides. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [noun] > temporizing or trimming > temporizer or trimmer
Jack of both sides1554
mongrela1555
timeling1554
temporizer1555
time-taker1576
politique1581
time-server1583
time-pleaser1590
time observer1594
temporist1596
please-time1606
timist1614
timorist?1623
trimmer1682
Vicar of Bray1725
timer1842
1554 ‘Eusebius Pamphilus’ in tr. M. Luther Faithful Admon. True Pastor & Prophete (new ed.) sig. D.iii (margin) Wynchester a wethercocke & a Iacke of both sides.
1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso 338 That he hath won this universal good will by the vice of playing Jack of both sides.
1759 W. H. Dilworth Life of Pope 59 He was a papist, a jack o' both sides.
1834 T. Hood Tylney Hall (1835) xii. 65 These discussions, by the help of Jack-of-both-sides, generally ended as drawn games.
1928 Newcastle (New S. Wales) Morning Herald 19 Jan. 7/1 (advt.) Vote No. 1 Cornish..If you do not believe in a Jack of Both Sides, with influence with neither.
1934 Advocate (Burnie, Tasmania) 8 Sept. 3/6 The Prime Minister (Mr. Lyons) has been picked ‘Jack of both sides’, as he is an old player both of the Stanley and Smithton cricket clubs.
Jack on both (†the) sides n. now Caribbean (a name for) a person who sides first with one party and then with an opposing one, or who professes support for opposing causes; = Jack of both sides n.
ΚΠ
1556 J. Olde tr. R. Gwalther Antichrist f. 165v (margin) Hearke my gentilmen Iackes on bothe sides to this saing.
1583 R. Sempill in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. 55 Jak on baith the sydis will neuer do gude.
a1614 J. Melville Autobiogr. & Diary (1842) 174 Some regairding nought at all bot thair awin standing and guid esteat warldlie,..played prettelie the part of Jak on bathe the sydes.
1730 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum Ambidexter, a Person who uses both Hands, a Prevaricator, a Jack on both Sides.
1816 J. Fielding Rejoinder to Lett. addressed to Church & Congregation 17 He ran with the hare, and held with the hounds!—He was Jack on both sides!
1954 Times of India 21 Sept. 9/1 A statement..accusing India and Mr. Nehru of playing ‘jack on both sides’ in foreign policy.
2016 Caribbean News Now (Nexis) 29 Mar. He is trying to play jack on both sides with Bishop's followers and the unrepentant faction that executed Bishop.
Jack of (also †a) Dover n. now historical (apparently) some kind of dish which has been cooked or dressed more than once.Chiefly (and now only) with reference to Chaucer's use in quot. c1405. Various conjectures have been made as to the nature of the dish referred to; see e.g. quot. 1894.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > other prepared foods or dishes > [noun]
mawmenny1381
browet Saracen?c1390
corat?c1390
lete lardes?c1390
lete lory?c1390
burseuc1400
lorey14..
Jack of Doverc1405
bukenadea1425
nesebeka1425
mosy?c1425
blaundsore1430
fauntemperec1430
irchinc1430
white sorréc1430
entraila1450
pasteladea1450
prenadec1450
fignadea1475
frianc1500
profiterole?1521
slampamp1593
flap-dragon1604
eel-cake1653
Lombard1657
hedgehog1723
bird's nest1769
dope18..
negro-pota1818
jug jug1877
King Henry's shoestrings1887
foam-omelet1892
crème1901
farofa1922
chilaquiles1938
metagee1957
Kiev1967
pani puri1969
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Cook's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 23 Many a Iakke of Douere hastow soold That hath been twies hoot and twies coold.
1684 G. S. Anglorum Speculum 397 A Jack of Dover, that is, Food that is unsavoury by reason of frequent dressing.
1724 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. (ed. 2) Jack a dover, a Joint of Meat dress'd over again.
1884 Illustr. London News 12 Apr. 339/3 I should very much like to know the ingredients of the old sea-dish called a ‘Jack of Dover.’
1894 W. W. Skeat Compl. Wks. Chaucer: Notes to Canterbury Tales 128 The meaning of ‘a Jack of Dover’ has been much disputed, but it probably meant a pie that had been cooked more than once. Some have thought it meant a sole (probably a fried sole); as ‘Dover soles’ are still celebrated.
1997 Times Lit. Suppl. 13 June 37/1 The exact nature of the Jack of Dover of which Chaucer's Cook had sold so many is probably as impossible to recover as the poet's own Book of the Lion.
Jack-of-straw n. (a) a representation of a man made of straw, esp. one used as a scarecrow; †(b) a man without substance or financial means; cf. man of straw at straw n.1 2e, jackstraw n. 1 (obsolete rare).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > one who is unimportant > worthless
chaffc1386
noughta1400
noughtinga1500
trifle?a1500
undought1508
wallydraigle?a1513
jackstraw1565
oatmeal-groat1594
trasha1616
Jack-of-strawa1625
little worth1823
wanworth1832
shicer1846
nowt1847
no good1871
two-spot1885
cannon fodder1917
crumb1918
no-gooder1936
nogoodnik1936
schmatte1967
a1625 J. Fletcher Wild-goose Chase (1652) iii. i. 26 I..would be marryed sooner to a Monkey, Or to a Jack of Straw, then such a Juggler.
1876 E. Wood Adam Grainger ii. 72 It was all very well for adventurers; Jacks of straw, shady rogues who lived by their wits.
1995 Country Life 21 Sept. 78/3 Jacks-of-straw, or Tatty Bogles..can still be seen about the countryside.
2000 M. Welter Our Sainted Lady Esther 10 One who could scare a witch from the sky as easily as a Jack-of-Straw to a crow.
Jack of the clock n. (also †Jackaclock, jack-a-clock) now chiefly historical = Jack of the clockhouse n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > part(s) of
nut1428
peise1428
plumbc1450
Jack1498
clockwork1516
larum1542
Jack of the clockhouse1563
watch-wheel1568
work1570
plummeta1578
Jack of the clock1581
snail-cam1591
snail-work1591
pointer1596
quarter jack1604
mainspring1605
winder1606
notch-wheel1611
fusee1622
count-wheel1647
jack-wheel1647
frame1658
arbor1659
balance1660
fuse1674
hour-figure1675
stop1675
pallet1676
regulator1676
cock1678
movement1678
detent1688
savage1690
clock1696
pinwheel1696
starred wheel1696
swing-wheel1696
warning-wheel1696
watch1696
watch-part1696
hoop-wheel1704
hour-wheel1704
snail1714
step-wheel1714
tide-work1739
train1751
crutch1753
cannon pinion1764
rising board1769
remontoire1774
escapement1779
clock jack1784
locking plate1786
scapement1789
motion work1795
anchor escapement1798
scape1798
star-wheel1798
recoil escapement1800
recoiling pallet1801
recoiling scapement1801
cannon1802
hammer-tail1805
recoiling escapement1805
bottle jack1810
renovating spring1812
quarter-boy1815
pin tooth1817
solar wheel1819
impulse-teeth1825
pendulum wheel1825
pallet arbor1826
rewinder1826
rack hook1829
snail-wheel1831
quarter bell1832
tow1834
star pulley1836
watch train1838
clock train1843
raising-piece1843
wheelwork1843
gravity escapement1850
jumper1850
vertical escapement1850
time train1853
pin pallet1860
spade1862
dead well1867
stop-work1869
ringer1873
strike-or-silent1875
warning-piece1875
guard-pin1879
pendulum cock1881
warning-lever1881
beat-pin1883
fusee-piece1884
fusee-snail1884
shutter1884
tourbillion1884
tumbler1884
virgule1884
foliot1899
grasshopper1899
grasshopper escapement1899
trunk1899
pin lever1908
clock spring1933
1581 T. Lupton Persuasion from Papistrie 273 As great a miracle as a iack of the clocke to strike on ye bell.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II v. v. 60 While I stand fooling heere his iacke of the clocke.
1791 Topographer July 32 A new bell made for the Jackaclock at Gosford Gate.
1856 T. Ewbank Life in Brazil xiv. 169 Here ‘Jacks of the Clock’, like ancient sacristans, grasp the clapper of church bells and proclaim the hours.
1931 Country Life 5 Sept. 262/1 Men and women are no jack-a-clocks for Mr. Moore to be wound up and set capering by an all-powerful author.
2014 R. Race Making Simple Automata 12/1 (caption) A jack of the clock in Wells Cathedral. The figure strikes the bell in front with a hammer.
Jack of the clockhouse n. chiefly historical after 17th cent. (A name given to) a mechanical figure of a man which strikes a bell on a clock or clock tower at certain times, typically every quarter of an hour; formerly also figurative; cf. sense 6.Found chiefly on church clocks, or those of other public buildings. [Compare Middle French (regional: Fribourg) jaquemart (1422), Middle French, French jacquemart, jaquemart (1534), and Old Occitan jacomart (1472), all in the same sense.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > part(s) of
nut1428
peise1428
plumbc1450
Jack1498
clockwork1516
larum1542
Jack of the clockhouse1563
watch-wheel1568
work1570
plummeta1578
Jack of the clock1581
snail-cam1591
snail-work1591
pointer1596
quarter jack1604
mainspring1605
winder1606
notch-wheel1611
fusee1622
count-wheel1647
jack-wheel1647
frame1658
arbor1659
balance1660
fuse1674
hour-figure1675
stop1675
pallet1676
regulator1676
cock1678
movement1678
detent1688
savage1690
clock1696
pinwheel1696
starred wheel1696
swing-wheel1696
warning-wheel1696
watch1696
watch-part1696
hoop-wheel1704
hour-wheel1704
snail1714
step-wheel1714
tide-work1739
train1751
crutch1753
cannon pinion1764
rising board1769
remontoire1774
escapement1779
clock jack1784
locking plate1786
scapement1789
motion work1795
anchor escapement1798
scape1798
star-wheel1798
recoil escapement1800
recoiling pallet1801
recoiling scapement1801
cannon1802
hammer-tail1805
recoiling escapement1805
bottle jack1810
renovating spring1812
quarter-boy1815
pin tooth1817
solar wheel1819
impulse-teeth1825
pendulum wheel1825
pallet arbor1826
rewinder1826
rack hook1829
snail-wheel1831
quarter bell1832
tow1834
star pulley1836
watch train1838
clock train1843
raising-piece1843
wheelwork1843
gravity escapement1850
jumper1850
vertical escapement1850
time train1853
pin pallet1860
spade1862
dead well1867
stop-work1869
ringer1873
strike-or-silent1875
warning-piece1875
guard-pin1879
pendulum cock1881
warning-lever1881
beat-pin1883
fusee-piece1884
fusee-snail1884
shutter1884
tourbillion1884
tumbler1884
virgule1884
foliot1899
grasshopper1899
grasshopper escapement1899
trunk1899
pin lever1908
clock spring1933
1563 in T. Wright Churchwardens' Accts. Ludlow (1869) 114 For mendinge the chymes..and jake of the clockehouse.
1661 A. Cowley Vision Cromwell 43 A Man, like that which we call Jack of the Clock-house, striking as it were, the Hour of that fulnesse of time.
1771 Notes of Richard III 27 in W. Shakespeare Plays IV An image like those at St. Dunstan's church in Fleet-street, and at the market-houses of several towns in this kingdom, was usually called a jack of the clock-house.
1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod iii. ii. 128 The jack of the clock-house, often mentioned by writers of the sixteenth century,..either struck the hours upon the bell in their proper rotation, or signified by its gestures that the clock was about to strike.
1898 G. S. Tyack Bk. about Bells xiii. 222 Such clocks were at one time not uncommon in England, the automata being popularly known as ‘Jacks’, or more fully, ‘Jacks of the Clockhouse’.
1963 G. R. Williams Use your Ears! xi. 99 These figures were generally called Jack-of-the-Clockhouse and were of great value to the public as clocks were an expensive rarity.
Jack of (also o', †in) the Dust n. U.S. Navy (a name for) an assistant in the ship's stores; (now) esp. one in charge of tinned food; cf. Jack Dusty n. at Compounds 1b.Jack of the Dust was established as an official rating for a U.S. Navy store-keeper in 1876. The rating was abolished in 1893, but the name is still used informally as defined above.
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society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > sailors involved in specific duties or activities > [noun] > one dealing with provisions or distribution of
stewardc1450
scaffmaster1555
steward's mate1708
Jack of the Dust1821
pantry boy1839
Jimmy Ducks1849
bung1863
Jack Dusty1915
1821 ‘B. Truck’ Man-of-war's-man ii, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 424/2 From his worship, the skipper, down to Jack in the dust.
1833 W. F. Owen Service Afloat I. v. 103 No small contention at the gloomy portal of the victualling department with Jack o' the Dust, or the officiating deputy.
1878 Detroit Free Press 12 Jan. (Suppl.) 2/4 Forward, on the gun-deck, the Paymaster's Steward, and his assistant, the Jack of the Dust, were serving out small stores.
1897 ‘F. B. Williams’ On Many Seas xxiii. 211 ‘Jack in the Dust’ was up at the market purchasing his supplies.
1968 C. M. Blackford Torpedoboat Sailor v. 56 A dishpan, partly filled with alky and canned fruit stolen by the Jack-o'-the-dust.
2012 Targeted News Service (Nexis) 2 May All food stores are ordered by Young and Culinary Specialist 2nd Class Howard Fields, referred to as Jack of the Dust.
Jack o' (also of) the green n. chiefly historical between 18th and 21st centuries (now rare) (at May Day celebrations) a man dressed in greenery, representing a wild man of the woods or seasonal fertility; = Jack in the green n. 1b; (also) a man or boy wearing a wicker framework covered with leaves; = Jack in the green n. 1a.In quot. 1729 probably: a similar character at a harvest celebration.
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society > leisure > social event > festive occasion > persons and characters > [noun] > characters in May-day festivities
May-lady1564
savage mana1577
green man1578
May Marian1582
May Queen1600
malkina1625
Jack o' the green1729
Jack-in-the-bush1792
Jack in the green1794
May Day sweep1832
green1836
Maid Marian1893
1729 Daily Post 23 Sept. 1/2 To-morrow will be unloaded the last wagon of Harvest-Home;..Bells, and Merry-making;..the Barley-mow, the blind Fidler;..then Jack o' the Green, [etc.].
1775 Morning Chron. & London Advertiser 2 May Jack of the Green had made his garland by five in the morning.
1826 W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1827) II. 577 Formerly a pleasant character dressed out with ribands and flowers, figured in village May-games under the name of Jack-o'-the-Green... A Jack-o'-the-Green always carried a long walking stick with floral wreaths.
1911 Observer 30 Apr. 16/3 Next followed Maypoles, Jack-o'-the-Green, six sweeps and master sweep.
2012 Kentish Gaz. (Nexis) 29 Mar. Jack o' the Green is dusting off winter cobwebs in readiness for his starring role at Whitstable's May Day celebration.
† Jack out of doors n. Obsolete (a name for) a person who has been turned out of his or her home; a homeless person, a vagrant; esp. in proverbial phrase not altogether Jack out of doors, and yet no gentleman and variants.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > type of inhabitant generally > [noun] > homeless
Jack out of doors1603
stray1649
street boy1796
street urchin1827
Arab1847
street Arab1853
wastrel1877
street person1907
skell1955
scugnizzo1957
1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. i. vi. 13 At his returne [he] found the Towne taken, and himselfe jack-out-of-doores [Fr. sa place saisie].
1616 Withal's Dict. 569 Not altogether Iack out of doores, and yet no gentleman.
1664 R. Codrington Proverbs in 2nd Pt. Youths Behaviour ii. 206 No altogether Jack out of doors, although no Gentleman.
† Jack out of office n. Obsolete (a name for) a person who has been dismissed from his or her position or employment; a person who is no longer required to perform a particular role or function; cf. Jack out of service n.
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society > occupation and work > worker > one who does not work > [noun] > one who has been put out of office
Jack out of officea1530
quondam1535
Jack out of service?1541
John-out-of-office1576
dischargee1894
a1530 T. Lupset tr. St. J. Chrysostom Serm. (1542) sig. Cv Whan thy authoritie cesseth, whan thou arte Iacke out of office, than shalt thou here innumerable defamers.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. i. 175 For me nothing remaines: But long I will not be Iack out of Office . View more context for this quotation
1667 R. L'Estrange tr. F. de Quevedo Visions ii. 79 We should be but so many Jacks out of Office.
1711 Obed. to Civil Govt. clearly Stated 74 What then becomes of God's Minister..but as a Jack out of Office.
1836 Spectator 20 Aug. 799/2 Lyndhurst and his hungry crew of jacks out-of-office.
1897 Judy 14 Apr. 169/2 (stage direct.) Enter a string of Jacks-out-of-Office.
† Jack out of service n. Obsolete rare = Jack out of office n.figurative in quot. ?1541.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > one who does not work > [noun] > one who has been put out of office
Jack out of officea1530
quondam1535
Jack out of service?1541
John-out-of-office1576
dischargee1894
?1541 M. Coverdale Confut. Standish sig. ivij Gods good worde must weere the papyre, and be iack out of seruyce from other men.
Jack-o'-(the)-wisp n. rare a frivolous or flighty person; (literally) a will-o'-the-wisp. [Compare earlier Jack-o'-lantern n. 1.]
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the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > light-mindedness > [noun] > person
flippera1400
butterflya1500
dalliera1568
fling-brain1570
barmy-froth1598
inconsiderate1598
cork1601
cork-brain1630
kickshaw1644
shatter-brain1719
shatter-pate1775
shatter-wit1775
scatter-brain1790
flutter-pate1894
Jack-o'-wisp1896
ditz1984
the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [noun] > capriciousness > capricious persons or animals > capricious or whimsical person
butterflya1500
wild-brain1580
wild-head1583
humorista1586
wild goose1597
barmy-froth1598
whirligig1602
maggot-monger1607
maggot-patea1640
kickshaw1644
whimsy-pate1654
maggot1681
volatilityship1771
whimship1793
vagarist1888
Jack-o'-wisp1896
Hamlet1903
temperamentalist1924
1896 Catholic Mag. July 4 If she had been a Jack-o'-wisp, in her young days..would Lady Mary have chosen her?
1985 Nashua (New Hampsh.) Tel. 31 Oct. 31/2 The jack-o'-lantern, will-o'-the-wisp or jack-o'-the-wisp, as the light is also called, disappears or retreats when someone approaches its glow.
Jack the Lad n. colloquial (a name for) a brash, self-assured young man.
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the mind > emotion > pride > impudence > [noun] > impudent person > young man
princock1540
puppy?1544
skipjack1554
pup1590
whelp1611
whisk1629
whippersnapper1674
whiffet1839
Jack the Lad1968
Essex man1990
1968 Vogue 15 Feb. 88/1 Peter never makes himself too busy, never makes himself Jack the Lad.
1981 New Society 4 June 383/3 I was always Jack the Lad—the one everyone liked but nobody wanted to know.
2017 Somerset County Gaz. (Nexis) 1 Feb. I was a bit of a Jack the Lad in my younger days.
Jack the Painter n. [perhaps with reference to it staining the drinker's mouth] Australian (now historical) a coarse green tea drunk in the Australian bush.
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the world > food and drink > drink > tea manufacture > [noun] > types of dry tea > green tea
imperial tea1699
imperial1713
green1728
gunpowder1771
cow-slip tea1796
Twankay1840
Jack the Painter1848
1848 Bell's Life in Sydney 4 Mar. A poley-quart-pot simmering at the fire, indicated that it was ready to receive the ‘pinch of Jack the Painter.’
1880 G. Walch Victoria in 1880 113 Special huts had to be provided for them [sc. the sundowners], where they enjoyed eleemosynary rations of mutton, damper, and ‘Jack the Painter’.
1937 D. Glass Austral. Fantasy 89 ‘Jack the Painter’, which extra potent version was apt to leave its mark around the drinker's mouth.
2005 Sun Herald (Sydney) (Nexis) 17 July 31 Winking at the bemused barman, he added: ‘Makes a change from Jack the painter.’
P4. Chiefly English regional. In the names of plants and animals.See also Jack-in-the-box n. 8, Jack in the green n. 2.
† jack at the hedge n. Irish English Obsolete rare goosegrass (cleavers), Galium aparine.
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1886 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names App. 545 Jack at the hedge, Galium Aparine, L.—Ireland (Co. Donegal).
1898 H. C. Hart Flora County Donegal 379 Jack at the Hedge, Galium aparine.
jack-by-the-hedge n. garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > hedge-garlic
sauce-alone1530
jack of the hedge1538
jack-by-the-hedge1578
garlic treaclewort1597
poor man's treacle1611
jack-in-the-hedge1675
garlic-mustard1861
Jack-in-the-bush1872
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 639 In Englishe Sauce alone, and Iacke by the hedge.
1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xxiii. 222 Jack by the hedge... Country men do boil it and eat it in stead of Garlick, being no less strengthened and nourished by it then the Persian children were with Town-cresses.
1771 J. Robertson Jrnl. 7 June in D. M. Henderson & J. H. Dickson Naturalist in Highlands (1994) vi. 155 On the outside of the garden at Abergaldie I saw the sweet Cicely or Myrrh, Musk-mallow, common mallow, Ever-green Bugle, and Jack by the Hedge.
1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. xxv. 627 Jack by the Hedge, or Sauce Alone..was a favourite condiment.
2015 Times 21 May 29/1 A common flower now along the lanes is garlic mustard, or jack-by-the-hedge.
jack-go-to-bed-at-noon n. (a) goat's beard, Tragopogon pratensis (cf. go-to-bed-at-noon n. at go v. Compounds 3, John-go-to-bed-at-noon n. at John n. Compounds 1b); †(b) star of Bethlehem, Ornithogalum umbellatum (obsolete rare).Sense (b) is apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > goat's beard
goat's beardc1400
bucks-beard1551
Joseph's flower1578
Tragopogon1578
noontide1597
John-go-to-bed-at-noon1759
sleep-at-noon1779
nap-at-noon1828
jack-go-to-bed-at-noon1847
1847 R. Deakin Florigraphia Britannica III. 1020 From the remarkable circumstance of the flowers closing at or before noon, however fine and cloudless the day may be, it has obtained the name amongst the country people of Jack go to Bed at Noon.
1885 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (1886) 178 Jack-go-to-bed-at-noon, the plant Ornithogalum umbellatum, which closes its flowers very early in the day.
1931 M. Grieve Mod. Herbal I. 360/1 The Goat's Beard opens its blossoms at daybreak and closes them before noon, except in cloudy weather, hence its old country name of ‘Noon-flower’ and ‘Jack-go-to-bed-at-noon’.
1951 W. de la Mare Winged Chariot 9 How punctual they!.. As testifies ‘Jack-go-to-bed-at-noon’.
2004 Wildlife News May 9/1 How rewarding to harvest home grown food, including native vegetables such as ‘Jack-go-to-bed-at-noon’ known commonly as goat's-beard and its daisy flower-like relatives—knowing there are no toxic residues.
† jack-in-a-bottle n. English regional Obsolete the long-tailed tit, Aegithalos caudatus, which builds a bottle-shaped nest.Cf. bottle tit n. at bottle n.3 Compounds 8.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > [noun] > family Aegithalidae > genus Aegithalos (long-tailed titmouse)
poke bag1663
pudding-poke1684
bottle tom1802
bottle tit1817
bumbarrel1817
feather-poke1831
mufflin1837
jack-in-a-bottle1838
pettichaps1851
poke pudding1851
Long Tom1853
muffler1868
hedge-jug1881
ragamuffin1885
1838 Penny Mag. 15 Dec. 482/1 It is known by other local names, as ‘Jack-in-a-bottle’, ‘Bottle Tom’, &c.
1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 31 The penduline form of the nest, and the feathers which compose the lining, have obtained for the bird the names of Jack in a bottle. Bottle Tom. [etc.]
1901 G. L. Apperson Idler's Cal. 17 Perhaps the greatest of these ornithological ‘Jacks’ is the ‘Jack-in-a-bottle’, which is a country name for a kind of titmouse that builds a bottle-like, hanging nest.
jack-in-the-hedge n. (a) garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata; = jack-by-the-hedge n.; †(b) a kind of campion (perhaps red campion, Silene dioica) (obsolete rare).Sense (b) is apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > hedge-garlic
sauce-alone1530
jack of the hedge1538
jack-by-the-hedge1578
garlic treaclewort1597
poor man's treacle1611
jack-in-the-hedge1675
garlic-mustard1861
Jack-in-the-bush1872
1675 J. Ray Dictionariolum Trilingue 11 Jack in the hedge. Alliaria.
1750 W. Ellis Country Housewife's Family Compan. 129 This Woman gather'd what they call Jack in the Hedge,..that stinks like Onions.
1875 W. D. Parish Dict. Sussex Dial. Jack-in-the-hedge, Lychnis diurna.
1941 A. L. Rowse Poems of Decade 111 The many and various scents of the flowers, Cuckoo-pint, cow-parsley and jack-in-the-hedge.
2001 Independent 7 July ii. 14/7 Even relaxed gardeners have a problem with helping out..the Orange-Tip which favours jack-in-the-hedge and charlock.
jack-in-the-pulpit n. †(a) cuckoo pint, Arum maculatum, an aroid plant native to Europe (obsolete); (b) U.S. a common North American aroid plant, Arisaema triphyllum, the inflorescence of which has a club-shaped spadix and a green spathe striped with brown and purple.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > root vegetables > turnip > turnip plant > varieties of turnip plant
jack-in-the-pulpit1823
1823 J. L. Drummond First Steps Bot. vii. 200 It [sc. Arum maculatum] has a ridiculous resemblance to an image standing in a case, and hence has received the vulgar names of Jack in a box, and Jack in the pulpit.
1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. I. ii. 211 Fine specimens of Jack-in-the pulpit, and the moccassin-flower.
1869 J. G. Fuller Uncle John's Flower Gatherers 36 Blossoms springing all around it—little bluets, great broad-leaf trilliums and waterarum (Jack-in-the-pulpit we called it then..).
1894 W. H. Gibson in Harper's Mag. Mar. 565 Our well-known jack-in-the-pulpit, or Indian-turnip, with its purple-streaked canopy and sleek ‘preacher’ standing erect beneath it.
1906 N.Y. Evening Post 16 June (Suppl.) 2 In these woods I made acquaintance with Jack-in-the-pulpits, or, as the English call them, ‘Lords and Ladies’.
1949 Nature Mag. Apr. 178 A few of these, like Indian turnip or jack-in-the-pulpit, cowslip and milkweed, may be considered mildly inedible.
1972 T. McHugh Time of Buffalo viii. 91 Soups were popular, some brewed with..buffalo meat, berries, fat, and the roots of jack-in-the-pulpits.
2004 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 3 June d2/1 I have a lot of jack-in-the-pulpits in my woods in Vermont.
jack-jump-about n. †(a) a poisonous hedgerow plant (not identified) (obsolete rare); (b) wild angelica, Angelica sylvestris (rare); †(c) ground elder, Aegopodium podagraria (obsolete rare).Sense (c) is apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΚΠ
1750 W. Ellis Country Housewife's Family Compan. 150 A poor Woman..gathered a Herb that grew in a Hedge, called Jack-jump-about, for boiling it with a Piece of Meat... One child died of it.
1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words I. 353 Jack-jump-about. Angelica sylvestris... In some parts of the county the gout-weed, Ægopodium podagraria, bears the name.
1996 Chiltern Seeds Catal. 18 Wild Angelica, Jack-Jump-About, Water Squirt and many more. A fairly common native wild flower found in damp places in woods and meadows with purplish stems and umbels.
† jack of the buttery n. Obsolete rare biting stonecrop, Sedum acre; cf. creeping jack at sense 39c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Crassulaceae (stonecrop and allies) > [noun] > stonecrop
sengreenc1000
stonecropc1000
orpine?a1300
orval?a1300
mouse grassc1300
stonehorea1400
Crassulac1400
sedumc1440
thrift1538
prick-madam1542
mousetail1548
livelong1578
wall pepper1578
worm-grass1578
country pepper1597
jack of the buttery1597
pricket1597
stone-pepper1597
trick-madam1600
trip-madam1693
midsummer mena1697
rosewort1725
roseroot1731
live forever1760
ice plant1818
wall moss1855
Jacka1876
wall grass1882
thick-leaf1884
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 415 Stonecrop,..wall Pepper, countrey Pepper, and Iacke of the butterie.
jack of the hedge n. garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata; = jack-by-the-hedge n.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > hedge-garlic
sauce-alone1530
jack of the hedge1538
jack-by-the-hedge1578
garlic treaclewort1597
poor man's treacle1611
jack-in-the-hedge1675
garlic-mustard1861
Jack-in-the-bush1872
1538 W. Turner Libellus de re Herbaria Alliaria,..Iak of the hedge.
1662 tr. F. Plater et al. Golden Pract. Physick (new ed.) ii. ii. 225/1 Some do draw the venom out at the orifice, after bleeding apply Scordium or Jack of the hedg.
1889 Hampshire Advertiser 1 June 3/1 The hedgerows just now are full of a weed variously known as ‘Garlic mustard’, ‘Poor man's salad’, or ‘Jack of the hedge’ (Alliaria officinalis).
2015 Guardian (Nexis) 23 Apr. Along canal hedges, in city parks and under pylons we found the evening's feast—wood sorrel, wild garlic, jack of the hedge, jew's ear fungi, chickweed, St. George's mushrooms, [etc.].

Compounds

C1. Compounds denoting people.Usually with the main stress on the second element.
a. Prefixed to a noun or adjective to form a nickname or generic name for a person representing, embodying, or associated with the second element, as Jack lord, Jack meddler, etc. Compare Johnny n. Compounds 1. Often derogatory or in contemptuous use. Now rare (archaic and historical).
ΚΠ
a1477 Bk. of Curtesye (Oriel 79(2)) (1882) l. 491 Pley not Iakke mAlaperte [sic; 1477–8 Caxton Iack malapert], that is to sey, Be ware of presumpcioun.
a1529 J. Skelton Why come ye nat to Courte (?1545) 331 No man dare come to the speche Of this gentell Iacke breche.
1566 J. Martiall Replie to Calfhills Blasphemous Answer v. f. 144 Ye be founde a iacke bragger, and vayne boaster.
1597 1st Pt. Returne fr. Parnassus v. i. 1397 The divell of the musition is he acquainted with but onlye Iacke fidler.
1602 W. Clark Withals' Dict. Eng. & Latine (new ed.) 263/1 A Iacke-medler, or busie-body, in euerie mans matter, ardelio.
1619 J. Higgins Falles Vnfortunate Princes 465 Him listeth not with each Iack lout to sport.
a1689 Bp. Ward in W. Pope Life (1697) 47 I met some Jack Lords going into my Grove, but I think I have nettled them.
1762 Scots. Mag. Dec. 669/2 Jack Spaniard will grow soon as sick of saying any thing to us, in the broadside-way.
1833 Examiner 10 Nov. 713/1 Nous avons changé tout cela, as Jack Frenchman says.
2005 Masthead Spring 14/2 'Twas this cruel night the jack-slave featly came.
b.
Jack ashore n. Nautical slang (the type of) a sailor on shore leave, esp. when drunk or high-spirited; also attributive designating the attitude or behaviour of such a sailor.
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society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > sailors involved in specific duties or activities > [noun] > one who goes ashore > sailor allowed to go ashore
liberty man1758
liberty boy1826
Jack ashore1834
1834 Observer 13 Apr. Jack Ashore... A sun-burnt sailor..was charged with having been found uproariously drunk.
1883 Cent. Mag. Nov. 29/2 Without doubt, he had loved the bottle, and lived the life of Jack ashore.
1920 J. Conrad Victory (1921) Author's note p. xviii It was long after the sea-chapter of my life had been closed, but..it was in something of the Jack-ashore spirit that I dropped a five-franc piece into the sauceboat.
1970 ‘E. McGirr’ Death pays Wages iv. 90 Jack Ashore does not check bills.
2013 A. McKinty Dead I well may Be ii. 32 Darkey, when he was on a bender or even a mild celebration, was like a Jack ashore.
Jack Blunt n. an uncompromisingly forthright man; cf. blunt adj. 5; cf. earlier John Blunt n. at John n. Compounds 1a.In quot. 1737 as a name given to a character of this type.
ΚΠ
1737 J. Hewitt Tutor for Beaus ii. 27 Hallo, hey, Jack Blunt, are you a-sleep, or a-wake?]
1868 Boston Post 11 Dec. Schenck had to draw in his horns and submit to be overruled by Grant's mouthpiece and the Jack Blunt Higby of California.
a1937 F. W. Strapp Tales from Moonstone Inn (2014) iii. 34 When I do [find you a bit of a nuisance], I shall tell you so, for if I'm not Jack Blunt, I'm Jill Blunt, which amounts to the same thing.
1996 R. Lehane Beating Odds in Big Country vi. 97 Bryan Rushford was Jack Blunt—he used to push it along very hard in Victoria.
† Jack boots n. (also Jack boot) Obsolete a person employed to clean customers' shoes and boots at an inn, hotel, etc.; = boots n.1 1.
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society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > [noun] > shoe or boot-cleaner > in an hotel
boots1785
Jack boots1795
1795 Times 17 Oct. 6d. to the hostler, and 6d. to the jack-boot.
1824 Hist. Gaming Houses 10 The Jack-boots of an Inn.
† Jack Drum n. Obsolete (a name for) a hypothetical person given an unwelcoming or hostile reception.See also Jack Drum's entertainment at drum n.1 Phrases 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > [noun] > expulsion or driving out > specific people from a place, position, or possession
outputtinga1387
voidingc1435
ejectmentc1523
exposition1530
extrusion1540
ejection1566
expulse1567
Jack Drum1592
eviction1599
ousting1858
bounce1876
1592 R. Greene Notable Discouery of Coosenage (new ed.) sig. E4v With a broken pate or two, he was paid, and like iacke Drum, faire and orderly thrust out of dores.
?c1685 Youngmans Careless Wooing (single sheet) Thy Entertainment shall be like Iack Drum.
Jack Dusty n. Nautical slang (a name for) an assistant to a ship's steward, who works in the ship's stores; = dusty boy n. at dusty adj. Compounds 2; cf. earlier Jack of (also o', †in) the Dust n. at Phrases 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > sailors involved in specific duties or activities > [noun] > one dealing with provisions or distribution of
stewardc1450
scaffmaster1555
steward's mate1708
Jack of the Dust1821
pantry boy1839
Jimmy Ducks1849
bung1863
Jack Dusty1915
1915 Washington Post 17 Oct. ii. 2/3 The cooper and the ship's steward invariably recognize themselves under the cognomens of ‘Jimmy Bungs’ and ‘Jack Dusty’, respectively.
c1931 W. N. T. Beckett Few Naval Customs 18 The junior member of the Paymaster's Victualling staff is known as The Dusty Boy or Jack Dusty.
1974 P. Wright Lang. Brit. Industry x. 85 In the Second World War, destroyers had a Jack Dusty, a supply assistant who kept ledgers listing all the stocks.
2005 D. Diss Dizzy xvii. 179 He was going to change over to become a Jack Dusty (Stores Assistant).
† Jack-Fellow n. Obsolete a fellow, companion, friend, or peer.
ΚΠ
1628 M. Wren Serm. Preached before Kings Maiestie at White-hall 17th Feb. 17 Worship not when thou comest in to Him [sc. a king], beg any thing of Him not on thy knee, bow not downe in honour of Him; but be Iack-fellow.., and will He accept thee?
1838 J. Tipton Let. 2 Oct. in John Tipton Papers (1942) III. 741 When on duty command and make them obey. Off duty make yourself Jack fellow with them.
1866 James Meetwell I. x. 169 They [sc. the landlords] almost expected..that when I came home while they had any of their friends in the house, I should pay my shilling, take my share, and be Jack-fellow with them.
† Jack-fellow-like adv. and adj. Obsolete (a) adv.in a familiar or friendly manner; (b) adj.(of a person or a person's manner) friendly or familiar; sociable, companionable.
ΚΠ
1638 G. Lightbody Against Apple of Left Eye of Antichrist 63 Should we sit Jack-fellow like with Christ at the Lords table?
1831 W. Kennedy Only Son xix. 323 Young master..must go with the great, jack-fellow like, and spend his guinea with an air.
1845 Tait's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 187/2 Upon my sowl, you're all of a kidney—all jack fellow like.
1906 Christian Family Oct. 456/1 If he earned a lot he spent a lot, he had to be Jack-fellow-like with his comrades.
Jack fool n. = tomfool n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > person of weak intellect > [noun] > idiot, crazy person
Jack foolc1405
drivel1478
idiotc1480
nidiot1533
hare-brain1542
hare-copa1566
nidget1579
lunatic1602
flight-head1605
moonling1631
driveller1682
tomfool1683
niddy-noddy1722
imbecile1781
puggle1783
gype1825
eejit1853
nowmun1854
dinlo1873
loon1885
ratbag1890
doughbakea1895
ding-a-ling1899
feeb1914
dingbat1915
bodoh1922
diddy1933
Nimrod1933
pranny1949
momo1953
head-the-ball1958
flake1968
fuckwit1969
tattie-bogle1969
div1975
tube1975
wazzock1976
gonzo1977
motorhead1979
prannet1979
twonk1981
dough ball1983
numpty1985
divvy1987
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 522 Go fro the wyndow, Iakke fool she sayde.
1567 tr. J. Tagault in Certaine Wks. of Galens 114 Iuglers, players, ye and Jack foole with his fooles cote.
1664 Duchess of Newcastle CCXI Sociable Lett. cxcv. 408 The Incorporeal Thoughts were the several Actors, and my Wit play'd the Jack Fool.
1826 Observer 19 June The Baronet..was the Jack Fool of the whole House.
1906 A. Conan Doyle Sir Nigel xi. 139 That jack-fool..was here talking of having seen a covey of pheasants in the wood.
1996 M. Terry Land of Hope & Glory xiii. 100 You want to be able to afford a glass of good whiskey when you'd like..without asking any other jack-fool's leave.
† Jack-gentleman n. Obsolete a gentleman; (depreciative) a man of low birth or social status who pretends or considers himself to be a gentleman; an upstart.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > [noun] > parvenu or imitator of upper classes
Jack-gentleman1550
truck-knight1625
court-card1699
parvenu1787
cocktail1839
gent1843
shoneena1849
snob1848
shoddyite1865
got-up1881
shoddy1904
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [noun] > unmannerliness > ill-breeding > person
Jack-gentleman1550
1550 J. Bankes tr. J. Rivius Treat. Folishnesse of Men sig. E.i Men ought not to..take a master for euery iacke gentilmans request.
1667 Omnia Comesta a Belo 13 What, Sir, do you think that it is fit for every Jack-Gentleman to speak thus to a Bishop?
1710 Answer Sacheverell's Serm. 9 They despised the Gentry at such a rate, that it was a common thing to call them Jack Gentleman.
1757 Sedan II. xxvi. 152 The footman, as the jack gentleman has the assurance to call us.
1845 Examiner 22 Feb. 115/3 The author of Hawkstone has the same hatred of the Jack-Gentlemen.
† Jack-gentlewoman n. depreciative Obsolete a woman of low birth or social status who pretends or considers herself to be a lady.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > [noun] > parvenu or imitator of upper classes > woman
Jack-gentlewoman1787
snobbess1869
parvenuess1903
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [noun] > unmannerliness > ill-breeding > specific behaviour of woman or girl > person
hoyden1676
Jack-gentlewoman1787
gammerstang1788
1787 ‘P. Pindar’ Ode upon Ode 68 Yet Men there are, (how strange are Love's Decrees!) Whom vulgar, coarse Jack-Gentlewomen please.
1809 S. Wesley Let. 25 Sept. (2001) 121 Even such a Jack-Gentlewoman as Mother Storace, would have been tempted.
† Jack monkey n. depreciative Obsolete a person likened to a monkey; a foolish or silly person. [Compare earlier jackanapes n. 2 and 3.]
ΚΠ
a1563 J. Bale in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. xii. 114 He plays jack monkey at the altar, with his turns and half-turns.
1856 Pennsylvania School Jrnl. May 3441/ Any Jack monkey may force himself upon our schools and assume the instruction of our children.
Jack Mormon n. U.S. (a) derogatory a non-Mormon who supports, defends, or sympathizes with Mormons (now historical); (b) a Mormon who does not (any longer) adhere rigidly to the doctrine of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints; a nominal or lapsed Mormon.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Mormonism > [noun] > person > not > but sympathetic
Jack Mormon1844
1844 T. Ford Let. 23 Dec. in Jrnl. Senate Illinois 96 The county contained a goodly number of inhabitants in favor of peace... These were stigmatised by the name of ‘Jack Mormons’.
1904 W. T. Washburn First Stone & Other Stories 107 Her father is in ‘pen’, so he cannot come—in his place a worthy friend of the family, a Jack-Mormon.
1956 J. Miller Arizona: State Guide (rev. ed.) 155 He was a pretty good Mormon, always paid his tithes-—only he had to have his coffee so some called him a Jack Mormon.
1989 K. H. Winn Exiles in Land of Liberty x. 225 Church opponents began their crusade against Jack-Mormons.
2015 S. Nobel Forbidden Entry xxi. 274 ‘Mormons don't usually drink, do they?’ ‘Not devout ones, maybe Jack Mormons.’
Jack-Mormonism n. †(a) the principles or practice of Jack Mormons (Jack Mormon n. (a)); defence of or support for Mormons or Mormon doctrine by non-Mormons (obsolete) (b) the state or fact of being a Jack Mormon (Jack Mormon n. (b)); refusal or failure to adhere strictly to Mormon doctrine.
ΚΠ
1846 Amer. Republican & Baltimore Daily Clipper 29 Sept. 1/3 The folly of religious fanaticism, the infamy of Jack Mormonism.
1913 Homiletic Rev. May 132/1 One of the most menacing aspects of the Mormon situation is the increase of gentile Jack-Mormonism.
1995 M. McCoy Wild West 349 Two young men who carried their ‘Jack Mormonism’ to extremes were Matt Warner..and George LeRoy Parker.
2008 J. Richman Last Cowgirl i. 14 Heber drifted decidedly toward jack-Mormonism because he liked to swear.
Jack Nasty n. depreciative a valet, a pageboy; (later also) a contemptible or unpleasant person. N.E.D. (1900) cites T. L. O. Davies Suppl. Eng. Gloss.(1881) Jack Nasty ‘a term of reproach for a sneak or a sloven’ (illustrated from Tom Brown's School Days: see quot. 1857); however evidence is lacking for this specific sense.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > informing on or against > [noun] > informer
wrayerc1000
wrobberc1300
discoverera1400
denunciator1474
informer1503
denouncer1533
detector1541
delatora1572
sycophant1579
inquisitor1580
scout1585
finger man1596
emphanista1631
quadruplator1632
informant1645
eastee-man1681
whiddler1699
runner1724
stag1725
snitch1785
qui tam1788
squeak1795
split1819
clype1825
telegraph1825
snitcher1827
Jack Nasty1837
pigeon1847
booker1863
squealer1865
pig1874
rounder1884
sneak1886
mouse1890
finger1899
fizgig1902
screamer1902
squeaker1903
canary1912
shopper1924
narker1932
snurge1933
cheese eater1935
singer1935
tip-off1941
top-off1941
tout1959
rat fink1961
whistle-blower1970
1837 Bentley's Misc. 2 497 An urchin..whom Monsieur Georges had added to his establishment two years before, by way of Jack Nasty, foot-page, or errand-boy.
1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. iii. 67 The idea of equality or inequality..doesn't [enter their heads] till it's put there by Jack Nastys or fine ladies' maids.
1908 Academy 24 Oct. 390/1 Sir Henry and his Jack Nasties settled down naturally to government by exploitation.
2007 A. Theroux Laura Warholic xxii. 319 Her sexy walk.., which always caught the attention of various slouching jack-nasties nearby.
Jack Nasty-face n. slang (originally and chiefly Nautical). (a name for) a low-ranking sailor; (also occasionally in extended use) any person regarded as low or contemptible; cf. Jack Nasty n. Now rare (archaic and historical in later use).The name Jack Nastyface was used as a pseudonym by William Robinson, British sailor and writer (c1787–1836), in his memoir Naut. Econ. (1836).
ΚΠ
1788 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue (ed. 2) (at cited word) Jack Nasty Face, a sea term, signifying a common sailor.
1833 Monthly Mag. & Brit. Reg. May 507 A low-lived ignorant menial, the dog-boy's first cousin, Jack Nasty-face, the whipper in.
1889 Chambers's Jrnl. 3 Aug. 496/1 His [sc. the ship's cook's] assistant enjoys, with no apparent reason, the name of ‘Jack Nasty-face’.
1945 N. R. Raine Capt. Kidd iii. 39 Has your mother turned honest woman, Jack Nasty-face?
1990 E. L. Rasor Brit. Naval Hist. since 1815 vi. 195 For the British Army it is ‘Tommy Atkins’.., and for the Royal Navy, ‘Jack Tar’, earlier ‘Jack Nastyface’.
† Jack Nitigo n. [ < Jack n.2 + a second element of unknown origin] Obsolete rare (a name for) a man who will not acknowledge what he has seen.
ΚΠ
?1550 J. Bale Apol. agaynste Papyst 28 He playeth the part of Iack Nitigo, as ye saying is, he seith but he wyll not se, or els that he seyeth a smal moate & letteth the great beame passe by.
† Jack Northwester n. Obsolete a strong wind blowing from the north-west; the north-west wind personified.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > wind with reference to direction > winds from specific compass points > north-west
Caurusc1374
north-west1440
nor'-wester1703
north-wester1728
Jack Northwester1749
north-westerly1930
1749 Capt. Standige in Naval Chron. (1800) 3 205 We experienced..uncommonly severe jack northwesters.
1846 G. Little Amer. Cruiser xvi. 178 It put me in mind of ‘Jack Northwester’ on the coast of Yankeeland.
Jack Presbyter n. now historical (a disparaging name for) a Presbyterian minister.
ΚΠ
1647 Cities Loyaltie to King (single sheet) Their Synod now sits in great feare, and so does Iack Presbyter.
1708 Yorkshire-Racers 14 Jack Presbyter can cry, God save the King.
1875 Leisure Hour 19 June 395/1 The picture exhibits Jack Presbyter holding the young king's nose to the revolving stone.
2012 D. J. Appleby in A. P. F. Sell Great Ejectment 1662 ii. 111 Tory mobs were more concerned with..burning effigies of Jack Presbyter.
† Jack Priest n. Obsolete (a disparaging name for) a priest.
ΚΠ
1602 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor ii. iii. 74 I will kill de cowardly Iack preest.
1834 Dublin Univ. Mag. Mar. 293 Jack Priest of course each item learns Next morning at confession.
1920 S. Jameson Happy Highways i. xvi. 87 An organized futility, defended by jack-priests, politicians, and a spreading, scabrous belief that black coats, gramophones and brick villas descend with the other middle-class decencies straight from God through the capitalist.
Jack sauce n. now archaic and rare (a name for) an impudent, arrogant, or presumptuous man; cf. sauce n. 7.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > impudence > [noun] > impudent person
bolda1400
capron hardya1477
malaperta1529
jackanapes1534
past-shame1553
saucea1556
saucy-face1566
outfacer1579
impudent1586
Jack sauce?1590
brazen-face1602
impertinence1611
impertinent1612
insolency1613
insolenta1616
brass-face1647
flapsea1652
impudence1671
bold-face1692
ironface1697
Corinthian1699
scandal-proof1699
saucy-box1702
busker1728
insolence1740
effronterist1776
pert1785
nash-gab1816
card1853
pawk1855
sass-box1856
a one1880
cockapert1881
?1590 Bk. of Robin Conscience (new ed.) sig. B.iij Iack sauce (I say) thou lout, thou hoddie peake.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. vii. 138 His reputation is as arrant a villaine and a Iacke sawce, as euer his blacke shoo trodd vpon Gods ground.
1702 J. Vanbrugh False Friend iii. ii Why how now, Jack-sauce? why, how now, Presumption?
1868 C. M. Yonge Chaplet of Pearls II. xliv. 274 What are you laughing at, you Jacksauce?
1935 E. R. Eddison Mistress of Mistresses xix. 384 They..began like jack sauces to jet the streets, quick to beat or kill any that should displease them.
Jack Shalloo n. (also Jack Shilloo) [apparently < shilloo n.] Nautical slang (now disused) a boaster, a braggart; (also) an (excessively) easy-going officer; an officer who curries favour with the crew. †to do Jack Shalloo: to behave as a Jack Shalloo (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > [noun] > light-heartedness > light-hearted person
happy-go-lucky1835
Jack Shalloo1875
viscerotonic1938
society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > types of sailor > [noun] > cheerful sailor
Jack Shalloo1875
1875 Fraser's Mag. Aug. 138/1 It causes them [sc. sailors] to show off,..swagger and talk bombastic nonsense. The Royal Navy has in itself a slang term for them—‘Jack shilloo’.
1880 Vanity Fair 1 Dec. 13/1 Each one went on his own way, the Premier setting the example by quitting an exhausted House to do ‘Jack Shalloo’ on board the Grantully Castle.., where he behaved like a man who unbends in the enjoyment of the hour.
1904 E. P. Statham Story of ‘Britannia’ iv. 70 This lad [sc. an officer cadet]..was already rather a favourite, being of the breezy type, which sailors call a ‘Jack-shilloo’.
1932 M. Johnston Maiden xxii. 194 A fine lad, though maybe a bit of a Jack Shalloo with the great talk.
Jack Sprat n. (a) a small or insignificant person (obsolete (English regional (Somerset) in later use)); (b) a thin person, or one who does not eat fat (chiefly U.S.). [In sense (b), with allusion to the nursery rhyme:
1670 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Prov. 211 Jack Sprat he loved no fat, and his wife she lov'd no lean: And yet betwixt them both, they lick't the platters clean.
]
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily height > shortness > [noun] > person
dwarfeOE
congeonc1230
go-by-ground?a1300
smalla1300
shrimpc1386
griga1400
gruba1400
murche1440
nirvil1440
mitinga1450
witherling1528
wretchocka1529
elf1530
hop-o'-my-thumb1530
pygmy1533
little person1538
manikin1540
mankin1552
dandiprat1556
yrle1568
grundy1570
Jack Sprat1570
squall1570
manling1573
Tom Thumb1579
pinka1585
squib1586
screaling1594
giant-dwarf1598
twattle1598
agate1600
minimus1600
cock sparrow1602
dapperling1611
modicum1611
scrub1611
sesquipedalian1615
dwarflinga1618
wretchcock1641
homuncio1643
whip-handle1653
homuncule1656
whippersnapper1674
chitterling1675
sprite1684
carliea1689
urling1691
wirling1691
dwarf man1699
poppet1699
durgan1706
short-arse1706
tomtit1706
Lilliputian1726
wallydraigle1736
midge1757
minikin1761
squeeze-crab1785
minimum1796
niff-naff1808
titman1818
teetotum1822
squita1825
cradden1825
nyaff1825
weed1825
pinkeen1850
fingerling1864
Lilliput1867
thumbling1867
midget1869
inch1884
shorty1888
titch1888
skimpling1890
stub1890
scrap1898
pygmoid1922
lofty1933
peewee1935
smidgen1952
pint-size1954
pint-sized1973
munchkin1974
1570 Mariage Witte & Sci. iv. i. sig. Ciiiv Hard you euer such a counsell of such a Iacke sprot?
1648 Mercurius Anti-mercurius sig. A Every Jack-sprat that hath but a pen in his ink-horn is ready to gather up the Excrements of the Kingdom.
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Jack-sprat, a Dwarf, or very little Fellow, a Hop-on-my-thumb.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 78. ¶9 We [sc. the words Who and Which] are descended of ancient Families, and kept up our Dignity and Honour many Years, till the Jacksprat That supplanted us.
1881 Miss Montgomery-Campbell Amico's Little Girl 189 I trust Mima may find a more worthy Romeo, though not a Jack Sprat, for her powers of manducation will, if you will pardon the quotation, be perfectly equal to ‘licking’ any ‘platter clean’ unassisted.
1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. at Jack-sprat What, thick little Jack-sprat of a fellow! why he idn no higher'n a twopenny loav!
1951 N.Y. Times 3 Jan. 24/4 A Jack Sprat tendency among consumers—less willingness to buy lard.
1992 Daily News (Huntingdon, Pa.) 19 Nov. 17/7 Is it possible to be a Jack Sprat—and still have a tasty Thanksgiving dinner?
2004 H. Fearnley-Whittingstall River Cottage Meat Bk. v. 102 An underused and underrated cut, the breast..is admittedly not ideally suited to the Jack Sprats of this world, being undeniably fatty.
† Jack-stickler n. Obsolete a meddlesome or interfering person; a busybody; cf. stickler n.1 2b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > acting in another's business or intervention > [noun] > being a busybody or officiousness > a busybody
busybody1526
busyhead1555
stiffler1566
Jack-stickler1579
pragmatical1593
polypragmon1596
polypragmonist1609
polypragmist1613
factotum1618
ardelio1624
polypragmatist1631
pragmatic1634
polypragmatic1636
pragmatist1640
stickler1702
gad1756
pantopragmatic1860
butterinsky1902
eager beaver1942
1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 853/2 Howe many iacke sticklers are there nowe adayes..which..will needes shewe them selues to be somwhat by mouing troubles?
1640 tr. J. A. Comenius Janua Linguarum Reserata (new ed.) lxxxvi. §837 A prying medler [busie-body, jack-stickler] crouds in and intrudeth..where it nothing concernes him.
Jack Strop n. [perhaps < strop n.2] Nautical slang (chiefly British Navy) a conceited or obstreperous sailor; a know-all.Earlier currency is perhaps implied by the name Jack Strop, given to the character of a sailor in a comic sketch performed by the crew of HMS Rattler (see quot. 1893), though the name is perhaps derived from strop n.1 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > self-esteem > conceit > [noun] > conceited person
coxcomb1567
snipper-snappera1593
conceited1596
feather-cock1612
turkey-cocka1616
cockcomb1684
egotist1715
fop1755
fat1832
swell-head1845
swelled head1862
big-head1863
swollen head1898
Jack Strop1910
trombenik1922
society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > types of sailor > [noun] > argumentative or opinionated sailor
sea-lawyer1829
sea-preacher1855
Jack Strop1910
1893 N. China Herald & Supreme Court & Consular Gaz. 17 Mar. 374/1 Characters... Bill Type (a printer)... Jack Strop (a sailor).]
1910 Englishman 4 May 767/1 A quarrelsome sailor is a ‘Jack strop’.
1958 Times 10 Mar. 12/6 The petty delinquents in the calendar of naval crime, the messdeck ‘Jack Strops’ or ‘Tom Oilskins’.
1984 T. McClenaghan Submariners in M. Wilcox Gay Plays I. 46/1 You're a little Jack Strop. In a dog watch and thinks he knows it all.
2000 R. Mayne Lang. Sailing 164 Will such instances silence Jack Strops?
Jack whore n. slang now rare a female prostitute of large build, masculine appearance, or masculine characteristics.
ΚΠ
1756 J. C. Sham Beggar (Dublin ed.) i. i. 4 Now, Daddy, I advise you to go and pick up a damn'd large Jack Whore, and spend one Shilling upon her.
1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue Jack whore, a large masculine overgrown wench.
a1827 W. Hickey Mem. (1960) xviii. 291 He at that time was the professed keeper of Mrs. Cuyler, a great jack whore, without pretensions to manners.
1861 Morning Post 21 Dec. 3/2 He said he was not going to marry a Jack whore.
1971 J. Matthews Tale Asa Bean v. 15 Bring on your goddam jack whore!
C2.
a. Compounds denoting things (esp. machines, appliances, etc.), or otherwise related to senses in branch II. See also jack maker n.2
jack back n. [ < back n.2] (a) Brewing a cistern equipped with a perforated screen, used for filtering the wort from the hops; = hop-back n. at hop n.1 Compounds 2 (now historical and rare); †(b) (in vinegar-making) an underground tank into which the cooled wort is passed before being pumped into the fermenting tuns (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > manufacture of alcoholic drink > brewing > [noun] > strainer
theadc1400
huckmuck1472
jack back1764
wilch1823
hop-jack1875
hop-back1888
1764 T. H. Croker et al. Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. I. at Brew-house The jack-back..is placed something lower than the under-backs, and has a communication with them all; and out of this back the wort is pumped into the coppers.
1805 R. Shannon Pract. Treat. Brewing iii. 56 The gyle is let down into the jack back, (that is, the great reservoir under ground).
1842 Penny Mag. Monthly Suppl. Oct. 428/1 The cooled wort flows into a large circular receptacle sunk in the ground, called the ‘jack-back’.
2011 H. W. Ronnenberg Material Culture Breweries (2016) i. 32/2 A filter device called a hop jack (or hop back or jack back) was developed to filter the hot wort.
jack engine n. †(a) (perhaps) a jack-frame (jack-frame n. 2) (obsolete); (b) Mining a small steam engine used for tasks auxiliary to those performed by a larger, main engine (esp. in the sinking of a pit); = donkey-engine n. at donkey n. Compounds 2 (now historical and rare).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > other types of engine > [noun] > other specific engines
ballast engine?1748
reciprocator1769
bellows-engine1834
jack engine1847
power producer1859
trunk-engine1864
naphtha engine1876
jinny1877
barring engine1885
shifter1904
yarder1911
mill1918
rocket1919
booster1944
monobloc1944
1847 Bradford & Wakefield Observer 19 Aug. All the stock-in-trade of a worsted spinner and manufacturer, comprising 18 Power Looms, with strapping and Gearing complete; 21 Jack Engines and Harness [etc.].
1855 G. C. Greenwell Pract. Treat. Mine Engin. iv. 123 Contractor to sink the pit with a jack engine, to be erected by the owners.
1975 D. Anderson Orrell Coalfield ii. 91 Within living memory the 20in bucket from the ‘Big Lift’ (as Blundells' Cornish engine at Pemberton was known) was many times drawn out of the stocks, wound up the pit by the ‘jack engine’ and..repaired.
jack file n. rare after 17th cent. a broad file (file n.1 1a), thicker in the middle than at the edges.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > file > [noun] > other files
jack file1678
knife-file1683
pillar file1683
using-file1683
carlet1688
grail1688
screw-rasp1688
riffler1797
quannet1809
safe edge1815
cross-cut1831
saw-file1846
shouldering file1846
warding file1846
found1874
side file1874
cant-filea1877
pin bone1936
1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. iii. 48 A Jack-file, is a broad File somewhat thin on both edges, and stronger in the middle.
1707 Coles's Dict. Eng.-Lat. (ed. 6) at Jack A Jack-file, Lima cum marginibus tenuioribus.
1887 Boston Daily Globe 29 Oct. 8/7 On searching their apartments he found several dozen different kinds of keys, a black jack file and a hangman's knot.
1920 File: Hist., Making, & Uses (Henry Disston & Sons) 17 These files were made for rough work and were bastard-cut, or so-called ‘Jack-files’.
2015 A. Emm Tracing your Trade & Craftsmen Ancestors 3 Jack is used in tools: the bootjack, the jack-file, the jack-screw.
† jack flyer n. Obsolete the flywheel of a roasting-jack (see sense 5).
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the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > roasting-jack > parts of
dog-wheel1592
jack weight1642
flyer1674
jack-pulley1675
spit-wheel1678
tumbler1678
spit-rack1693
jack flyer1731
1731 G. Medley tr. P. Kolb Present State Cape Good-Hope I. 327 She..set her tongue a going with the fury of a Jack-flyer.
1775 G. Wallis Mercantile Lovers iii. 25 Whirr go the jack fliers, hurry, scurry.
jack-head n. now historical and rare a lifting-pump used for raising large volumes of water and in which the delivery pipe is secured to the cylinder by a gooseneck; chiefly attributive.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > pump > [noun] > other types of pump
bottom lift1778
rose pump1778
centrifugal pump1789
jack-heada1792
jet pump1850
sand-pump1865
Union pump1867
shell-pump1875
eductor1877
brake-pump1881
bull-pump1881
cam-pumpa1884
sand-reel1883
grasshopper1884
knapsack pump1894
knapsack sprayer1897
turbo-pump1903
Sylphon1906
slush pump1913
displacement pump1924
power pack1937
proportioner1945
solids pump1957
peristaltic pump1958
powerhead1981
Cornish pump-
a1792 J. Smeaton Reports (1797) I. 223 The jack-head pump.
1816 Encycl. Londinensis XIV. 773/2 A small lifting-pump..called the jack-head or jaquette, is worked by a rod.
1878 R. H. Thurston Hist. Steam-engine 65 This ‘jack-head cistern’ is sufficiently elevated to give the water entering the cylinder the velocity requisite to secure prompt condensation.
1975 D. Anderson Orrell Coalfield ii. 84 Cold water for the injection cistern was pumped up to it by a piston pump known as the jack head pump worked from the main beam.
jack-high adv. and adj. Bowls (a) adv. in a position on the green level with the jack; (b) adj. into a position on the green level with the jack.
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1880 Glasgow Herald 23 July 6/6 Muir made a pretty draw with his second, and with his third he lay jack high.
1886 Rules of Bowling 21 All players, while looking on, to stand jack-high at least, and, unless acting as directors, not within three yards of the jack.
1939 Times 30 June 6/6 Collins's first was jack high at a foot, and his second was 9in. on the other side.
2016 Central Fife Times (Nexis) 27 Sept. Barbara threw her first two bowls very close, about jack high.
jack-hunting n. U.S. (now chiefly historical) the action or practice of hunting at night (esp. for deer) using a jacklight; jacklighting for deer or other animals.
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the world > food and drink > hunting > [noun] > hunting with lights
fire-lighting1848
jack-hunting1857
fire shooting1860
fire hunting1885
jacklighting1895
pit-lamping1924
spotlighting1926
pitlighting1969
lamping1984
1857 Independent (N.Y.) 24 Sept. 2/1 Of all the romantic scenes in the Adirondack wilderness, the night hunt, or ‘jack hunting’, gives the most impressive.
1915 Ottumwa (Iowa) Rev. 27 Nov. I went jack-hunting on Moose Lake last night and got a deer.
2015 J. Schlett Not too greatly Changed Eden xv. 192 He had gone out on the lake at night with a rifle and lantern for some jack hunting.
jack lamp n. †(a) a Davy lamp in which the gauze is shielded by a glass cylinder (obsolete); (b) U.S. a portable lamp used as a jacklight (see jacklight n.) for hunting or fishing at night (now rare).
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the world > food and drink > hunting > equipment > [noun] > light
jack lamp1853
jack-lantern1875
1853 N. Wood On Safety Lamps Lighting Coal Mines 14 in Trans. North of Eng. Inst. Mining Engineers 1 Jack Lamp, being a common Davy, with an outside glass cylinder half way up the Lamp, leaving about 3 inches of the wire gauze exposed.
1875 Amer. Reg. 25 Sept. (London ed.) 8/2 Pelts and horns, jack lamps, moccasins.
1916 Trans. Inst. Mining Engineers 1915–1916 51 648 The safety of the lamp was increased by the use of a cylindrical glass shield, as in the ‘Jack’ lamp.
1931 Lowell (Mass.) Sun 20 Nov. 1/6 (headline) New Hampshire authorities act to end ‘Jack-lamp’ deer hunting.
jack-lantern n. U.S. (now rare) a portable lantern used as a jacklight (see jacklight n.) for hunting or fishing at night.
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the world > food and drink > hunting > equipment > [noun] > light
jack lamp1853
jack-lantern1875
1875 Warren (Pa.) Mail 5 Oct. The boys are out with their jack-lanterns nightly.
1881 Pall Mall Gaz. 14 July 5/1 I have stood motionless on a flat rock..amid the rushing water, with poised three-pronged spear behind a jack-lantern, waiting for a sturgeon to come there.
1955 Kenyon Rev. 17 412 He might be not above taking a deer out of season, or in season at night by jack-lantern.
† jack page n. (also jack o' page) Obsolete rare a wedge driven between a horizontal strut and the runners (runner n.1 20c) lining a trench, used to force the latter firmly against the walls of the trench. Cf. page n.1 10.
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1895 Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 120 338 Numerous ‘jack-pages’, ‘driving-wedges’, and ‘slack-blocks’ were used in fixing the work, as much depended on tight wedging to make good the timbering.
1907 Surveyor & Munic. & County Engineer 22 Feb. (Suppl.) 13/1 The ‘jack o' pages’ are then placed in position, and driven in firmly.
† jack-pin n. Nautical Obsolete a belaying pin.Attested only in glossaries.
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society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > pin for coiling of running ropes
pin1762
belaying-pin1836
jack-pin1867
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Jack-pins, a name applied to the fife-rail pins.
1883 W. C. Russell Sailors' Lang. Tack-pins—also called jack-pins, belaying-pins.
jack-pit n. Mining (now rare) a shallow pit or shaft at or near the surface; (also) a shallow shaft in a mine communicating with an overcast, or at a fault.
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1851 Times 18 Mar. 7/3 Early on Sunday morning, the 23d of June, Reuben Curtis was found in a jack pit near Brierley-hill.
1893 Colliery Guardian 14 Apr. 670/1 The fan was made to draw, not from the mine, but on an artificial resistance, starting from a downcast shaft and a jack pit, two headings, converging towards a general stone drift.
1980 T. Wakefield Forties' Child ix. 60 Unlike other pools (many of them beautiful testaments to an abandoned ‘jack pit’), this pool, the ‘Cat and Dog’, was not renowned for its fishing.
jack plug n. Electronics a plug having a single pin with two or more contacts along its length and a lateral groove between the tip and the shaft, frequently used in audio equipment; = sense 18b.
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the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical appliances or devices > [noun] > electric plug > single-pronged
jack plug1886
Jack1960
1886 Canad. Patent Office Rec. July 381/2 The subscribers' annunciator may be restored to his line, whether the jack plug is removed or not.
1953 W. MacLanachan Television & Radar Encycl. 103/2 Jack and Jack plug, a socket with two or more contacts..into which a jack plug with corresponding contacts can be inserted.
2005 J. S. Coleman Introducing Speech & Lang. Processing i. 8 You may also need an adapter, as most microphone cables end in a 1/4-inch jack plug, but most PC sound cards have a socket for a miniature jack plug.
jack-pulley n. (a) the pulley of a roasting-jack; cf. sense 5 (now historical) (b) any of various pulleys in a belt driven system; esp. that driven by the belt and used to transmit motion and power to one or more components of a machine (rare).
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the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > roasting-jack > parts of
dog-wheel1592
jack weight1642
flyer1674
jack-pulley1675
spit-wheel1678
tumbler1678
spit-rack1693
jack flyer1731
1675 J. Smith Christian Relig. Appeal ii. 13 Such Jack-pullies, and Weights..Atoms, which our modern Wits have fancied for the Springs of his Motion.
1764 in D. Yaxley Researcher's Gloss. Hist. Documents E. Anglia (2003) 111 Jack pulleys & weights.
1891 Power-steam Dec. 3/1 The piece that wrecked the north jack pulley weighed some 500 pounds.
1951 U.S. Patent 2,562,818 5 The lower end of the shaft..has rotatably mounted thereon a three-groove jack pulley.
1996 P. Brears in P. A. Sambrook & P. Brears Country House Kitchen 1650–1900 iv. 97 The weight of the spit was taken by the rope or chain from the jack pulley above.
jack roll n. chiefly Mining (now historical and rare) a winch or windlass turned by hand, typically made of wood. [Compare sense 7 and roller n.1 3b.]
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society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > winch or capstan
windas1293
wind1399
windlassc1400
fern1546
stow?1549
capstock1551
winch1577
draw-beam1585
wind-beam1585
winder1585
capstring1609
crab1627
guindall1628
gin1632
Jack1686
screw engine1688
twirl1688
moulineta1706
jack roll1708
wind-lifta1734
whim1738
stowce1747
whim-engine1759
macaroni gin1789
whimsy1789
winze1839
jack roller1843
wink1847
winding engine1858
fusee-windlass1874
come-along1891
1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 9 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) Sinking with Jack Rowl, or by Mens winding up the Rowl.
1848 M. Dunn Treat. Winning & Working Collieries ii. 28 Hand windlasses, or jack-rolls, were the first species of machinery employed for drawing the loads up the shafts.
1908 Trans. Liverpool Engin. Soc. 29 317 Two to four men..worked the jack roll outside for lifting the buckets.
2010 G. Coyle Riches beneath our Feet iv. 54 The only ‘mechanical’ help was the jack roll, a very ancient, though still man-powered, device for hoisting ore or water to the surface.
jack roving frame n. now rare (in the preparation of yarn) a roving frame in which the sliver (sliver n.1 2) is twisted and wound onto a bobbin that is suspended horizontally in a revolving can or cylinder; = jack-frame n. 2.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > treating or processing textile materials > [noun] > drawing or twisting > equipment for > types of
tube roving-frame1839
tube roving-machine1839
jack roving frame1843
1843 Penny Mag. Monthly Suppl. June 246/2 This was followed by the ‘Jack-roving frame’, in which the revolving can contained a bobbin whereon the roving was wound as fast as made.
1906 Textile World Rec. Nov. 104/2 The machine used for the production of this roving is called the ‘jack frame’, or ‘jack roving frame’.
1964 Import Trade Control (India Ministry Internat. Trade) 196 Jack Roving Frames.
jackshaft n. any of various kinds of intermediate shafts which are driven by another shaft or by a set of gears, typically used to communicate rotational motion; a countershaft.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > shaft > [noun] > intermediate
jackshaft1853
countershaft1864
layshaft1888
secondary shaft1888
second shaft1902
1853 Amer. Railroad Jrnl. 5 Nov. 714/3 The motion of the drum being reversable by a clutch on the jack shaft of the water wheel.
1936 W. Staniar Mech. Power Transmission Handbk. v. 144 The jackshaft is used for ratio purposes and also to break up long center distances.
2010 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 13 Mar. 12 The IPS [= Inboard Performance System] drives..are linked by jackshafts to the compact 260-horsepower four-cylinder Volvo Penta engines.
jackshafting n. now rare a system of jackshafts; a countershafting.
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1893 Electr. Engineer 19 Apr. 395/2 From these run power and lighting circuits to all parts of the factory, simple copper rods taking the place of long and heavy lines of jack shafting or countershafting.
1969 IEEE Trans. Industry & Gen. Applic. 5 288/2 Smaller horsepower concentric shaft gearing such as that normally used with gearmotors may sometimes be dimensioned so that it is actually a lot springier than the much longer jackshafting in the system.
jack sinker n. now historical and rare (in a stocking frame or knitting machine) each of a series of thin metal plates attached to the jacks (sense 13) and suspended vertically between the needles, used in conjunction with the lead-sinkers to form loops upon the thread.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > knitting > knitting machine > parts of
sinkerc1689
jack sinkera1749
Jack1750
slur1796
needle1829
slay-bar1843
verge1854
ribber1877
thread-carrier1877
a1749 G. C. Deering Nottinghamia (1751) App. 367 These heads have a slit which admits the jack sinker.
1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 817 The jack sinkers falling successively from the loops on every alternate needle.
1995 L. Wehrle Fingers of Steel iv. 92 Lee's sinkers were jack sinkers, which moved individually to fall between every two needles and thus form even stitches.
jack socket n. Electronics a socket or switch used to connect a device to a circuit or network, esp. one used to transmit or receive audio or telecommunication signals;= sense 18a.
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the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical appliances or devices > [noun] > socket > for connection to circuit
Jack1885
jack socket1895
jackfield1904
1895 A. R. Bennett Telephone Syst. Europe viii. 157 The jack sockets are divided into two halves.
1970 J. Earl How to choose Tuners & Amplifiers i. 14 Modern amplifiers are often equipped with a jack socket wired to accommodate stereo headphones.
2004 Computer Music (Beginners Special) Apr. 14/2 These high-impedance jack sockets allow you to plug a guitar directly into the soundcard without loss of level or tone.
jack spinner n. Spinning (originally U.S., now historical) a person whose job is to operate a jack (sense 17).
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1849 N.Y. Herald 2 June (Afternoon ed.) (advt.) Wanted—workmen in a woollen factory,..also, a few good Jack Spinners.
1904 Boston Sunday Globe 7 Aug. 2/1 Mr Corcoran was a jack spinner in Dracut.
2004 L. W. Potts & A. M. Sligar Watkins Mill vii. 126 In the course of a day, a jack spinner could usually fill two and a half sets of spindles.
jack-towel n. now rare a long towel with the ends joined so as to form a continuous loop and hung on a roller; a roller towel; cf. sense 7.
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the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing oneself or body > [noun] > rubbing with towel > towel > roller-towel
jack-towel1590
round towel1724
roller cloth1803
roller towel1808
horse-towel1861
runner1865
1590 Inventory Sir T. Ramsey in Archaeologia (1866) 40 340 Itm. iiij olde jack towells.
1732 True Inventory R. Woolley 11 7 small Towels and 4 Jack Towels.
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxv. 264 A clean jack towel behind the door.
1937 Country Life 4 Sept. 259/2 Probably most people regard roller or jack towels as a modern idea.
jack-wheel n. (a) any of several types of cog wheel used in a mechanism (now rare) †(b) a device or mechanism used for making a large clock easier to wind; = sense 15 (obsolete rare).
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the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > part(s) of
nut1428
peise1428
plumbc1450
Jack1498
clockwork1516
larum1542
Jack of the clockhouse1563
watch-wheel1568
work1570
plummeta1578
Jack of the clock1581
snail-cam1591
snail-work1591
pointer1596
quarter jack1604
mainspring1605
winder1606
notch-wheel1611
fusee1622
count-wheel1647
jack-wheel1647
frame1658
arbor1659
balance1660
fuse1674
hour-figure1675
stop1675
pallet1676
regulator1676
cock1678
movement1678
detent1688
savage1690
clock1696
pinwheel1696
starred wheel1696
swing-wheel1696
warning-wheel1696
watch1696
watch-part1696
hoop-wheel1704
hour-wheel1704
snail1714
step-wheel1714
tide-work1739
train1751
crutch1753
cannon pinion1764
rising board1769
remontoire1774
escapement1779
clock jack1784
locking plate1786
scapement1789
motion work1795
anchor escapement1798
scape1798
star-wheel1798
recoil escapement1800
recoiling pallet1801
recoiling scapement1801
cannon1802
hammer-tail1805
recoiling escapement1805
bottle jack1810
renovating spring1812
quarter-boy1815
pin tooth1817
solar wheel1819
impulse-teeth1825
pendulum wheel1825
pallet arbor1826
rewinder1826
rack hook1829
snail-wheel1831
quarter bell1832
tow1834
star pulley1836
watch train1838
clock train1843
raising-piece1843
wheelwork1843
gravity escapement1850
jumper1850
vertical escapement1850
time train1853
pin pallet1860
spade1862
dead well1867
stop-work1869
ringer1873
strike-or-silent1875
warning-piece1875
guard-pin1879
pendulum cock1881
warning-lever1881
beat-pin1883
fusee-piece1884
fusee-snail1884
shutter1884
tourbillion1884
tumbler1884
virgule1884
foliot1899
grasshopper1899
grasshopper escapement1899
trunk1899
pin lever1908
clock spring1933
1647 J. Carter Nail & Wheel 85 Their motion is just like that of the jack-wheels; they turn and turn, but what do they turn?
1850 E. B. Denison Rudimentary Treat. Clock & Watch Making 182 The going part never requires a jack wheel to wind it up except in very large clocks.
1989 J. Needham in S. K. Biswas et al. Cosmic Perspectives i. 15 (caption) In front, the jack-wheels and vertical shaft, behind this the driving wheel.
b. Compounds denoting things which are insignificant, or smaller than the normal size. Cf. sense 21.
jack-arch n. Architecture a small arch only one brick in thickness, having a flat rather than a semicircular profile, and typically used above a window or door, or to support a floor.In earliest use as a mass noun.
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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > other types of arch
bowOE
craba1387
cove1511
triumphal arch (arc)a1566
straight arch1663
pointed arch1688
rough arch1693
jack-arch1700
oxi1700
raking arch1711
flat arch1715
scheme-arch1725
counter-arch1726
ox-eye arch1736
surbased dome1763
ogee1800
rising arch1809
sub-arch1811
deaf arch1815
four-centred arch1815
mixed arch1815
Tudor arch1815
camber1823
lancet arch1823
invert1827
platband1828
pier arch1835
ogive1841
scoinson arch1842
segment1845
skew arch1845
drop-arch1848
equilateral arch1848
lancet1848
rear arch1848
straining-arch1848
tierceron1851
shouldered arch1853
archlet1862
segment-arch1887
1700 W. Alingham Epitome of Geom. 247 For 36 Foot of Jack Arch.
1736 B. Langley Anc. Masonry Dict. sig. gv Jack-Arch, a streight Arch of Brick over the Head of a Window.
1885 Harper's Mag. Mar. 525/2 The windows are capped with jack-arches of red brick.
1923 Times of India 6 July (Indian Engineering Suppl.) 2/5 Jack arches are left in piers to save materials.
2012 Archit. Hist. 55 249 These columns support serlianas with clever brick jack-arches.
jack bowl n. Bowls (now rare) a smaller bowl at which the players aim; = sense 21b.
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > bowls or bowling > [noun] > jack
master-bowl1530
master1579
mistressa1586
block1598
mistress bowl1598
Jacka1616
mark1630
jack bowl1653
tee1789
kitty1898
1653 Duchess of Newcastle Poems & Fancies 30 (margin) A Jack Bowle is the marke.
1697 R. Pierce Bath Mem. ii. ii. 264 He had not Strength..to throw the Jack-Bowl half over the Green.
1782 Trial of Wit 17 [Riddle] I have no legs and yet I run apace... It is a Jack Bowl.
1803 Sporting Mag. 22 307 In shape and size like a jack-bowl, used on a bowling-green.
1909 Scotsman 30 Oct. 8/6 They..stole a bag, three pairs of bowls, two jack bowls, and seven towels.
2005 K. Elgin Theater & Entertainm. 25 (note) Touched the ‘jack’ bowl.
jack rafter n. Roofing any rafter of a length less than that of the slope of a roof; esp. one of a number, gradually decreasing in length, set at intervals along the edge of a roof and intersecting with a hip rafter (hip rafter n. at hip n.1 Compounds 5b); cf. jack timber n.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > roof-beam
pan1284
roof-tree1321
wiverc1325
sile1338
wind-beam1374
bindbalkc1425
trave1432
purlin1439
side-waver1451
wind-balk1532
roof beam1551
post1567
crock1570
spercil1570
collar-beam1659
camber1679
top-beam1679
camber-beam1721
jack rafter1736
hammer-beam1823
tie-beam1823
spar-piece1842
viga1844
collar1858
spanner1862
cruck1898
1736 B. Langley Anc. Masonry Dict. sig. gv Jack-Rafters, the short Rafters in the end of a hipp'd Roof.
1741 T. Langley Builder's Jewel 24 Which fill up with small and Jack Rafters at Pleasure.
1859 W. Bell Carpentry made Easy ii. 72 Since the pitch of the jack rafters is the same as that of the common rafters, the longest jack rafter, the upper end of which rests against the end of the ridge pole, is of the same length as the common rafters.
1918 A. I. Frye Civil Engineers' Pocket Bk. (rev. ed.) xlvi. 807 The strength of the sheathing will determine, within certain limits, the spacing of the jack rafters.
2010 R. Osborn Framing House viii. 166 Each jack rafter terminates at the header.
jack rib n. Architecture and Building any rib (rib n.1 7b) which is shorter than the others in the same structure; cf. jack timber n.
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1763 W. Pain Builder's Pocket-treasure 62 The Mould for the Jack Ribs of the Groin.
1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 110 In the construction of groins,..the ribs that are shorter than the whole width are termed Jack-ribs.
1909 Carpentry & Building June 199/1 The lengths and profiles of the jack ribs R R are found by drawing lines from their intersections.
1998 C. M. Harris Amer. Archit. 188 Jack rib, any rib in a framed arch or dome that is shorter than the other ribs.
jack timber n. Architecture and Building. any timber which is shorter than others in the same structure, esp. one which is intersected by another timber.Chiefly (and now only) in glossaries.
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1819 P. Nicholson Archit. Dict. II. 149/1 Jack Timber, any timber that is interrupted in its whole length, or cut short.
1908 Cycl. Archit., Carpentry & Building II. 359 The square is placed on the jack timber rafter.
1998 C. M. Harris Amer. Archit. 188/1 Jack timber, any timber in a framework which, being intercepted by some other piece, is shorter than the rest.
C3. In names of animals, often with the sense ‘male’ or ‘small’.See also jack-in-a-bottle n. at Phrases 4, jack snipe n. 1. Cf. jackdaw n. 2.
a.
(a) attributive, designating the male of certain animals, esp. falcons. Cf. sense 34. See also jackass n.1 1.
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1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) vii. xliv. 712 Of Merlins there are both male and female: the male is called the Iack Merlin.
1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. iii. 294 The Curlew: Numenius sive Arquata. The Female weighed twenty eight ounces; the Male, which is somewhat less, and commonly called, The Jack Curlew, twenty five and a quarter.
1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. iii. v. 97 Swearing it was the largest Jack Hare he ever saw.
1829 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 26 636 That extreme ‘facial development’, which imparts it seems to the countenance of several of her ladyship's friends, the character of jack-apes.
1937 Discovery Feb. 41/1 In mid-May I put up the jack (cock) merlin from a stone in a clearing.
1988 J. Lavers Dict. Isle of Wight Dial. 46 Jack hare, a male hare.
1999 A. Walker Encycl. Falconry 76/1 jack hobby , uncommon, obsolete name for the male hobby. jack kestrel, jack castrell , uncommon, obsolete names for the male kestrel.
2006 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 6 June 12 Mr Jacklin backed scientists to mate the mule's parents, a quarterhorse mare and jack donkey.
(b)
jack fly n.
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1835 T. Boosey Piscatorial Reminisc. & Gleanings 58 James Holmes..in throwing a jack-fly, caught a woodcock.
1857 Catal. Superior Salmon & Trout Rods (W. J. Cummins, Bishop Auckland) 17 If..trout are well on the feed they will take the male or ‘Jack’ flies readily.
2004 C. Fernández Fly-fishing Bonefish xix. 179/1 A heavy monofilament shock tippet and a 'cuda or jack fly.
b.
† jack crow n. Obsolete (a) in the West Indies, the turkey vulture, Cathartes aura; (b) the white-necked rockfowl, Picathartes gymnocephalus, of West Africa.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > [noun] > subfamily Timaliinae > genus Picathartes
Picathartes1837
jack crow1873
1873 A. Gallenga Pearl of Antilles v. 94 Not many birds in sight ; hardly any warbler's note—only everywhere the ‘jack crow’, or Turkey buzzard, a foul and unwieldy vulture.
1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 23 One of the chief features of Free Town are the jack crows. Some writers say they are peculiar to Sierra Leone.
1905 B. Pullen-Burry Ethiopia in Exile i. 21 The Jack Crows sitting on the housetops with outspread wings fit in with other objects in the tropical landscape.
jack curlew n. now chiefly Canadian the whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus; cf. curlew-jack n. at curlew n. 3.In North America whimbrel were formerly regarded as a separate species ( N. hudsonicus).
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the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > member of genus Numenius (miscellaneous)
whaup1538
jack curlew1770
Eskimo curlew1772
the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [noun] > member of genus Numenius (miscellaneous) > numenius phaeopus (whimbrel)
spowe1519
whimbrel1530
May-chick1577
jack curlew1770
May-bird1791
tang-whaup1808
May-fowl1852
May jack1880
May curlew1885
crooked-bill marlin1886
1770 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) IV. Index Jack Curlew, vide Whimbrel.
1866 G. Montagu Dict. Birds at Wimbrel The Whimbrel has..in some parts..obtained the name of Jack Curlew, from a supposition that it is the male of that bird.
1884 E. Coues Key to N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 645 Numenius hudsonicus (Of Hudson's Bay), Hudsonian Curlew, Jack Curlew.
1979 Kenosha (Wisconsin) News 7 Sept. 14/4 Many jack curlews nest in northern Canada and on the coast of Alaska.
jack fish n. †(a) the northern pike, Esox lucius (cf. sense 35a) (obsolete); (b) a carangid fish (cf. sense 35c).
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the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Esocidae (pikes) > [noun] > esox lucius (true pike)
hakedeOE
pike1314
ged1324
water wolfa1398
luce14..
pike fish1494
lucetc1550
wolf1555
lucern1615
river wolf1655
jack fish1659
luscio1680
lupus1706
pickerel1709
esox1774
fresh-water shark1799
pickering1842
northern1950
1659 tr. R. Fludd Mosaicall Philos. ii. ii. vi. 241 The Pike or Jack-fishe's guts dried, should mightily provoke urin.
1846 E. Bulwer-Lytton Lucretia I. i. i. 47 A worthy object..which might well detain you from roach and jack-fish.
2001 BBC Wildlife Sept. 50 (caption) Carangid fish eggs, which hatch into jack fish. Each egg contains an oil droplet for buoyancy.
jack mackerel n. any of several mackerel-like pelagic fishes of the carangid genus Trachurus, esp. T. symmetricus of the eastern Pacific; (also) any of several similar fishes, as the bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix, and jacks of the genus Caranx.
ΚΠ
1882 G. C. Eggleston Wreck of ‘Red Bird’ iii. 18 They call them blue fish up North, I believe, but we call them skipjacks or jack mackerel.
1950 Rep. Fisheries Div., Dept. Commerce & Agric. (Austral.) 7 The Division..was instrumental in having the species renamed jack mackerel.
1993 Jrnl. Sci. Food & Agric. 63 227 Japanese jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus)..is similar to African jack mackerel (Caranx hippos).
2003 Time Out N.Y. 14 Aug. 31/1 Yashia makes dishes with the day's best seafood..say, jack mackerel, fluke and fatty tuna laced with barley miso, trefoil or shiso.
jack pike n. = sense 35a.
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the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Esocidae (pikes) > [noun] > esox lucius (true pike) > young or small
pickerel1290
pickering1528
Jack1587
pod1587
jeg1611
jack pike1788
pikelet1892
1788 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 44/1 (list) A jack pike, in most months.
1852 Fishing for Arms in D. Blake Sprig of Shillelah 159 And he landed very shortly a beautiful Jack Pike.
1932 Trans. Amer. Fisheries Soc. 62 335 We adopted the system of planting what we call our jack pike or green pike, with small- and largemouth bass.
2010 Coarse Fisherman Apr. 49/1 I..began to gently twitch it [sc. the bait] back across the surface, only for it to instantly receive attention from a small jack pike.
jack salmon n. North American the walleye, Sander vitreus, a pike-like perciform fish; (occasionally also) the sauger, S. canadensis.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Percidae (perches) > [noun] > genus Stizostedion (pike-perches) > stizostedion vitreum (wall-eye)
pickerel1709
jack salmon1850
wall-eyed pike1869
walleye1888
spike-nose1891
blow-fish1893
1850 Daily Lafayette (Indiana) Courier 19 Apr. The fishing in the Wabash is said to be fine. Bass, Jack-salmon and mud-cats are becoming plenty.
1920 Outing May 118/2 We always hope..to catch a few jack salmon.
2011 B. Burroughs Where Gulls Are xv. 242 Commercial trade in sauger is prohibited today, and so the ‘jack salmon’ delivered to your table is really a walleye.
† jacksaw n. British regional Obsolete a sawbill duck; esp. the goosander, Mergus merganser.
ΚΠ
1843 W. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Birds III. 293 This bird [sc. Mergus merganser] like the Red-breasted Merganser, is also called Sawbill and Jacksaw.
1885 C. Swainson Prov. Names Birds 163 Goosander... From its saw-like bill this bird is called Sawbill (Stirling)...Sawneb (Aberdeen). Jacksaw.
1905 W. P. Westell Brit. Bird Life 87 With regard to this bird, called also the Dun Diver, Harle Duck (female or young male), Jack Saw, Sawbill, and Sparkling Fowl, it is chiefly a winter visitor.
jack sharp n. British regional the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Gasterosteiformes (sticklebacks) > [noun] > family Gasterosteidae > member of (stickleback)
sticklinga1400
stitlingc1425
sticklebacka1475
shaftling1558
sharpling1558
stansticklea1637
hackle1655
pricklefish1668
prickling1668
jack sharp?1758
tittlebat1781
Jack Sharpnails1787
thorny-back1811
struttle1821
bandie1825
tinker1833
thornback1859
tiddler1885
?1758 R. Bowlker Art of Angling Improved 54 Of the Stickleback or Jack-Sharp.
1876 I. Banks Manch. Man I. v. 81 He mun larn to tak' care on himsel' th' next time he marlocks among th' Jack-sharps.
1925 J. T. Jenkins Fishes Brit. Isles 124 There are numerous local names for this fish [sc. the three-spined stickleback], such as Jack Sharp, Prickleback, [etc.].
2008 Worcester News (Nexis) 16 June The beetle made a beeline for the Jack Sharp, stabbed it with its pincers, and started to eat its still-alive prey.
jack spaniard n. (chiefly Caribbean) a large paper wasp, Polistes canadensis, found widely in the warmer parts of the Americas.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [noun] > suborder Apocrita, Petiolata, or Heterophaga > group Aculeata (stinging) > the wasps > superfamily Vespoidea (hornets) > member of
marabunta1822
jack spaniard1833
Spaniard1909
1833 A. C. Carmichael Domest. Manners W. Indies II. xxv. 330 The jack-spaniard, may be called the wasp of the West Indies; it is twice as large as a British wasp, and its sting is in proportion more painful.
1938 Trans. Royal Entomol. Soc. 87 181 Polistes Latreille. Four species of this genus were collected in Trinidad. P. canadensis (L.). Typical form. ‘Jack Spaniard’. Common throughout all settled areas.
2002 C. Dabydeen in H. Maes-Jelinek & B. Ledent Theatre of Arts 31 One hornet, a Jack Spaniard, flitted by, blackly.
C4. In names of plants, often with the sense ‘small’.See also Phrases 4.
jack bean n. any of the tropical climbing leguminous plants of the genus Canavalia; esp. C. ensiformis, which has pale purple flowers and produces long pods with large white seeds. [Perhaps after horse-bean n. at horse n. Compounds 2c; compare sense 34b at this entry.]
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > bean > other types of bean-plant
horse-bean1684
Angola pea1756
pole bean1770
Congo pea1812
Canavalia1828
no-eye pea1837
overlook1837
bean-vine1838
asparagus-bean1856
sword-bean1875
jack bean1885
horse-gram1886
winged bean1910
tepary1912
adzuki1914
siratro1962
1885 ‘C. E. Craddock’ Prophet Great Smoky Mountains xv. 280 He sat upon the cabin porch beneath the yellow gourds an the purple blooms of the Jack-bean.
1928 F. S. Earle Sugar Cane & its Culture 237 Among the most important of these [legumes used for green manuring] are velvet beans, jack beans (Canavalia sp.), lab-lab beans (Dolichos lab-lab) [etc.].
2011 P. K. Bhattacharjee & G. C. Routledge in P. Ducheyne et al. Comprehensive Biomaterials I. 508/2 Concanavalin A (Con A) is a plant lectin, extracted from the jack bean.
† jack bush n. U.S. Obsolete rare a scrubby tree (perhaps spec. a jack oak).
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1812 J. Cutler Topogr. Descr. Ohio 96 The land in this distance is mostly clothed with jack bushes and tall woods.
jack oak n. chiefly U.S. any of several relatively small North American oaks, esp. Quercus marilandica; cf. black jack n.2 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > oak and allies > [noun] > other oaks
red oakOE
cerre-tree1577
gall-tree1597
robur1601
kermes1605
live oak1610
white oak1610
royal oak1616
swamp-oak1683
grey oak1697
rock oak1699
chestnut oak1703
water oak1709
Spanish oak1716
turkey-oak1717
willow oak1717
iron oak1724
maiden oak1725
scarlet oak1738
black jack1765
post oak1775
durmast1791
mountain chestnut oak1801
quercitron oak1803
laurel oak1810
mossy-cup oak1810
rock chestnut oak1810
pin oak1812
overcup oak1814
overcup white oak1814
bur oak1815
jack oak1816
mountain oak1818
shingle-oak1818
gall-oak1835
peach oak1835
golden oak1838
weeping oak1838
Aleppo oak1845
Italian oak1858
dyer's oak1861
Gambel's Oak1878
maul oak1884
punk oak1884
sessile oak1906
Garry oak1908
roble1908
1816 U. Brown Jrnl. in Maryland Hist. Mag. (1915) 10 266 Jack Oaks and other Scrub Wood.
1888 St. Louis Globe Democrat 20 Jan. The Southern part of Illinois..is full of sand-hills and jack oak.
1914 J. G. Neihardt Life's Lure ix. 186 The frost came; the many-colored fires of fall ran up the jack oaks, and the wild grapes were purple.
2000 Birmingham (Alabama) News (Nexis) 11 June A man who can..blow a pismire off the side of a jack oak at 90 yards and never touch the bark.
jack pine n. chiefly U.S. any of several relatively small pines, esp. Pinus banksiana, having needles growing in pairs and twisted cones; (also) the wood of such a tree.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > pines and allies
pine treeeOE
pineOE
pine-nut treec1330
pineapplec1390
pineapple treea1398
mountain pine1597
pine1597
mountain pine1601
frankincense1611
rosin flower?1611
black pine1683
Scotch pine1706
yellow pine1709
Jersey pine1743
loblolly pine1760
mugoa1768
Scots pine1774
Scotch fir1777
arrow plant1779
scrub pine1791
Georgia pine1796
old field pine1797
tamarack1805
grey pine1810
pond pine1810
New Jersey pine1818
loblolly1819
Corsican pine1824
celery-top pine1827
toatoa1831
heavy-wooded pine1836
nut pine1845
celery pine1851
celery-topped pine1851
sugar-pine1853
western white pine1857
Jeffrey1858
Korean pine1858
lodge-pole pine1859
jack pine1863
whitebark pine1864
twisted pine1866
Monterey pine1868
tanekaha1875
chir1882
slash-pine1882
celery-leaved pine1883
knee-pine1884
knobcone pine1884
matsu1884
meadow pine1884
Alaska pine1890
limber pine1901
bristlecone pine1908
o-matsu1916
insignis1920
radiata1953
1863 Home Missionary Oct. 145/2 White sandy plains, covered with jack pines, beautiful to behold, but worthless for tillage.
1883 G. O. Shields Hunting Great West xxxi. 285 This [country] is now grown up with scattering dwarf pines or, as the settlers call them, jack-pines.
1920 S. Lewis Main St. 228 Herself she blamed for trying to carve intaglios in good wholesome jack-pine.
1957 J. Kerouac On the Road i. ix. 55 I..looked up and saw jackpines in the moon.
2006 J. T. Costa Other Insect Societies xix. 641 Larvae reared on jack pine were better able to defend themselves than those reared on red pine.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

jackn.3

Brit. /dʒak/, U.S. /dʒæk/
Forms:

α. 1500s iaaca, 1500s iaacca, 1500s iaqua, 1500s–1600s iaca, 1500s–1600s iaka, 1700s jakka, 1700s– jaca, 1700s– jacca, 1700s– jaka.

β. 1600s giack, 1600s giacke, 1600s iack, 1600s jacke, 1600s jawk, 1600s– jack, 1800s– jak, 1800s jaack.

Origin: A borrowing from Portuguese. Etymon: Portuguese jaca.
Etymology: < Portuguese jaca (1535) < a Dravidian language (compare Malayalam cakka , Tamil cakkai , Kodagu cakke , Kannada jaka ). Compare ( < Portuguese) Middle French, French †iaca (1553 in a translation of Castanheda; compare quot. 1582), French jaque (1611 as iaque), Italian giaca, †giacca (1577 in a translation of Castanheda).The Indian name is cited earlier in Latin contexts, as chaqui (first half of the 14th cent.) or ciake- (in ciakebaruhe , apparently reflecting two words transmitted via Arabic (mid 14th cent.)). Compare also Italian †cachi (1444). Compare also Italian †ciccara (1444), †ciaccara (1510; compare quot. a1576) and (hence) Middle French chiacare (1525). With these compare the following earlier English passage:a1576 R. Eden tr. L. de Varthema Nauigation & Voy. xiv. in R. Willes & R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Hist. Trauayle W. & E. Indies (1577) 393 There is in Calecut a fruite which they name Iaceros [L. Ciaceros, It. Ciaccara]. With use with specific reference to the tree compare Portuguese jaqueira (1525) and French jaquier (1688).
The very large edible fruit of the tropical Asian tree Artocarpus heterophyllus (family Moraceae); = jackfruit n. 1. Also: the tree itself, which is monoecious, with evergreen entire leaves and inconspicuous greenish flowers, and is also the source of useful timber and dyewood; = jack tree n. at Compounds b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > tropical exotic fruit > other tropical or exotic fruits
tamarind1539
guava1555
genipat1568
jack1582
genipap1613
custard apple1648
star apple1693
sweet-sop1696
breadfruit1697
sugar-apple1739
sweet-apple1760
guarri1789
ackee1792
marmalade-box1796
five-corner1826
jakkalsbessie1854
Molucca berry1861
bullock's heart1866
guava-apple1866
vegetable egg1866
Jew plum1880
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tropical or exotic fruit-tree or -plant > bread-fruit tree
jack1582
breadfruit1745
terap1839
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias xvii. f. 44v He commaunded to be giuen them Figges and Iacas [Pg. jacas] to eate.
1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies i. l. 92/1 (heading) Of Iaqua or Iaacca.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 505 Iacas are bigger..and grow out of the bodie of the tree: they are of so many pleasant tastes, but hard to digest.
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 183 The Iacks or Giacks..deserue description..the Iacke is for bignesse comparable to a Pumpion.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 67 This side is all covered with Trees of Cocoes, Jawks, and Mangoes.
1706 in tr. E. Y. Ides Three Years Trav. Moscow to China 183 Jacca is a Fruit which grows to the Bulk of forty and sometimes fifty Pounds.
1779 T. Forrest Voy. New Guinea 319 Banka..abounds in coco nuts, limes, nankas or jacks, fish, turtle, and ratans.
1787 Lord Sydney Let. 5 May in Mariner's Mirror (1936) 22 184 Any Bread Fruit Trees which may have been injured..may be replaced by Mangosteens, Duriens, Jacks, Nancas, Lansas, and in short all the fine fruits of that Quarter.
1820 J. Crawfurd Hist. Indian Archipel. I. iv. 122 Of the Jack fruit..two species occur in the Indian islands... The Jack is highly nutritious.
1824 H. E. Lloyd tr. J. B. von Spix & C. F. P. von Martius Trav. Brazil I. ii. i. 175 Brazil is indebted to the intercourse of the Portuguese with the East Indies..for the excellent fruits of the jaca, the mango, and the jambos.
1839 T. J. Newbold Polit. & Statist. Acct. Straits of Malacca ii. 53 In the valley grow various fruit-trees, such as..the jack.
1859 J. E. Tennent Ceylon II. vii. i. 111 The jack, with broad glossy leaves and enormous yellow fruit.
1878 P. Robinson In my Indian Garden (ed. 2) 49 The monstrous jáck that in its eccentric bulk contains a whole magazine of tastes and smells.
1902 Queensland Agric. Jrnl. 11 194 The Jack is a native of East India and the South Seas, inhabiting countries with a hot and moist climate.
1919 Nature 25 Sept. 78/2 The native of the country is content with the fruit that is easily produced there and is already well known (in this case the durian, mango, sapodilla, mangosteen, jak, etc.).
1931 B. Miall tr. C. Guenther Naturalist in Brazil iv. 80 The fruits of the Jaca, as large as a man's head, seem to grow directly from the trunk and boughs.
1969 S. G. Harrison et al. Oxf. Bk. Food Plants 114/2 Jak or Jack Fruit (Artocarpus integrifolia) is a related species with enormous fruits which can weigh up to 70 lb. each. In spite of their very strong odour, they are relished especially in Asia and may be eaten cooked or raw.
2016 European Union News (Nexis) 17 Aug. The jackfruit, also known as jack tree, jakfruit, or sometimes simply jack or jak, is a species of tree in the mulberry and Breadfruit family.

Compounds

a. General attributive, as jack leaf, jack seed, jack wood, etc.See also jackfruit n.
ΚΠ
1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies i. li. 93/1 Mangas growe vppon great trees like Iaca trees [Du. boomen van iaca].
1789 R. Saunders in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 79 79 Jack and saul timber, are frequently to be met with in the forests and jungles.
1810 M. Graham Jrnl. Resid. India (1813) 101 The jack-wood..at first yellow, becomes on exposure to the air of the colour of mahogany.
1843 J. W. Bennett Ceylon & its Capabilities xiii. 110 Their general fodder is green jack leaves (Artocarpus integrifolia, L.), grass, and other vegetables; and they are often fattened for the table entirely upon the former.
1884 Indian Forester 10 36 Jak timber comes now almost entirely from private land.
1904 Spolia Zeylanica 2 54 I saw a yellow jak leaf gently and inertly sinking to the bottom.
1934 C. C. Steele Introd. Plant Biochem. vi. xix. 211 Morin occurs in ‘Jak-wood’ obtained from the Indian tree, Artocarpus integrifolia of the Urticaceæ.
1975 Loris 13 268/1 It is common to see them [sc. tame elephants] returning home after the day's work with large loads of Jak branches and leaves held under their trunks.
1997 A. Sivanandan When Memory Dies ii. ii. 141 Everyone knew who had been to market that morning to buy the ‘kool things’—the palmyrah flour out of which the ‘soup’ was made and the hundred and one other things that went into it like sprats and prawns and shrimps and fish-heads, billing, jak seed and coconut, [etc.].
2010 D. Perera Kumari's Karma 254 Its cadjan roof was supported on four sturdy jak wood pillars.
b.
jack tree n.
ΚΠ
1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies i. li. 93/1 Mangas growe vppon great trees like Iaca trees [Du. boomen van iaca].
1694 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 280 A sort of large Club-Moss putting forth of the Jack-Trees and Mango's.
1806 B. M'Mahon Amer. Gardener's Cal. 627 Hot-House Trees, Shrubs, and Succulent Plants... Artocarpus integrifolia. Indian Jaca Tree.
1962 Housewife (Ceylon) Apr. 23 The rich green foliage of mature plaintain and jak trees.
2008 R. Ellis Sri Lanka (ed. 3) vi. 195 Explore its small garden bordered by the Kelani River and you will see a venerable jak tree.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

jackn.4

Brit. /dʒak/, U.S. /dʒæk/
Forms: 1600s jacke, 1600s– jack. Also with capital initial.
Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: Jack n.2
Etymology: Probably a specific use of Jack n.2, said of and applied to things of smaller than the normal size (compare Jack n.2 21 and also Compounds 2b at that entry). Compare later jack flag n. and also Union Jack n.
A ship's flag of a smaller size than the ensign, used at sea as a signal, or as an identifying device; spec. a small flag flown at the bow (formerly often at the head of the spritsail topmast) of a vessel moored or at anchor to indicate its nationality, frequently with modifying adjective, as British jack, Dutch jack, etc.In British use the jack has been since the 17th cent. (except under the Commonwealth) a small Union flag of the period (see Union Jack n.), and hence the term Union Jack is often applied to the Union flag even when not flown at sea. Every maritime nation has its own jack, typically either of the same design as the canton of the ensign, or a smaller version of the ensign itself.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > standard > [noun] > flag > naval or merchant
pavilion1572
blue flag1613
jack1633
white ensign1676
Red Ensign1720
Blue Ensign1745
red flag1757
red rag1809
Union Jack1832
duster1904
red duster1914
1633 J. Penington Direct. to Commanders of Ships, 1633–8 (BL MS Sloane 2682) f. 51 You are alsoe for this present service to keepe in yor Jack at yor Boultspritt end and yor Pendant and yor Ordinance.
1667 S. Pepys Diary 22 June (1974) VIII. 283 The Dutch did take her [sc. the Royal Charles] with a boat of nine Men..and presently a man went up and struck her flag and Jacke.
1694 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) III. 343 This day was published their majesties proclamation..prohibiting other than the kings ships to wear their majesties Jack, called the Union Jack.
1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 119 The Signal is to shew a white Jack at the Main Top-mast Head.
1788 G. Keate Acct. Pelew Islands xxi. 255 At day-light, an English jack was hoisted at the mast-head.
1822 W. James Naval Hist. Great Brit. II. 93 The stranger, which ultimately proved to be the French 32-gun frigate Néréïde,..hoisted a Dutch jack, and hauled to the wind.
1890 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) In the United States naval service the jack is a blue flag with a white five-pointed star for each State in the Union.
1954 G. Tucker Poltroons & Patriots I. xi. 173 Captain Dacres ran up a new British Jack on the stump of the mainmast.
2014 A.-M. Owens & J. Yealland Our Flag 13 The jack flies at the bow.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

Jackn.5

Brit. /dʒak/, U.S. /dʒæk/
Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: Jacobite n.4
Etymology: Shortened < Jacobite n.4
colloquial. Now historical.
A supporter of the deposed James II and his descendants in their claim to the British throne after the Glorious Revolution of 1688; = Jacobite n.4 Usually in plural.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > [noun] > Jacobitism > adherent of
Jacobite1689
Jack1694
Perkinite1702
1694 Trimmer's Confession of Faith (single sheet) With the Jacks I rejoyce that Savoy's defeated.
1695 B. Blaire in R. Blackmore Hist. Conspiracy (1723) xxi. 180 Men of the greatest Acquaintance and Influence amongst the Jacks.
1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth I. 355 The Jacks are fierce, and Williamites are flesh'd.
1795 J. Hall-Stevenson Wks. II. 163 Tories were always knaves, and Jacks but fools.
1848 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Nov. 545/2 It would appear that the Jacks did not often venture to impede the Whig mob.
1892 York. Herald 23 Jan. 4/6 The Jacobites, or as they were commonly called, the Jacks, were assembled in great force.
2007 E. Pearce Great Man (2008) v. 73 After an assault on Read's Mugg House in Fleet Street, five Jacks were tried and hanged.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

jackn.6

Brit. /dʒak/, U.S. /dʒæk/
Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: jacobin n.3
Etymology: Shortened < jacobin n.3
Now rare.
The jacobin, a breed of fancy pigeon (see jacobin n.3 1); a bird of this breed. In early use also †Jack pigeon.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > domestic pigeon > [noun] > jacobin
ruff1675
jacobin1688
Jack pigeon1732
Capuchin pigeon1735
1732 W. Ellis Pract. Farmer 118 The Tame or House-Pigeons are called Barbels, Jacks, Crappers... The small Jack-Pigeon is a good Breeder.
1765 Treat. Domest. Pigeons 119 The ruff, if attentively examined, will be found larger than the jack, with a longer beak, and a larger head.
1812 J. Nott in T. Dekker Guls Horne-bk. (new ed.) 76 The jacobine, or jack vulgarly called.
1874 Jrnl. Hort., Cottage Gardener, & Country Gentleman 22 Jan. 89/1 Mr. South contributed Dragoons,..also Turbits, Jacks, and Baldheads.
1914 Pacific Poultrycraft Apr. 35/1 Come on now. you Jack fanciers from Salt Lake and California, get in the game and help this Club, the ‘Biggest and Best’.
1966 Pigeon News June 16/2 This brings the Jack as we call them to the top of the Pigeon Fancy as this bird will be viewed by millions of people.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† jackn.7

Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: jack n.1
Etymology: Probably the same word as jack n.1 Compare jacket n. 5, ragged-jacket n. at ragged adj.1 Compounds 2. Compare also jack v.1
Orkney. Obsolete.
A sealskin.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of seal
sealskin1325
jacka1795
seal1886
seal-fur1894
pin seal1906
Lakoda1969
a1795 G. Low Fauna Orcadensis (1813) 17 When they arrive the jacks are divided, and sold by public auction, at about five or six shillings sterling apiece.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018).

jackn.8

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: jackboot n.
Etymology: Short for jackboot n.
colloquial.
A jackboot.Obsolete except in ankle-jack n. at ankle n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > shoe or boot > boot > [noun] > heavy or strong > jack-boot
jackboot1686
ankle-jack1800
jack1801
1801 C. K. Sharpe Corr. 11 Apr. (1888) I. 108 His lordship..wears..boots nearly approaching to jacks.
1844 New Sporting Mag. Sept. 168 A pair of Jacks over linen trowsers.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

jackn.9

Brit. /dʒak/, U.S. /dʒæk/
Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: Jacqueminot n.
Etymology: Shortened < Jacqueminot n.
More fully General Jack. The variety of hybrid perpetual rose General Jacqueminot (see Jacqueminot n.); a rose of this variety. Frequently attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > rose and allied flowers > rose > types of rose flower or bush
summer rosea1456
French rose1538
damask rose?a1547
musk rose1559
province1562
winter rose1577
Austrian brier1590
rose of Provence1597
velvet rose1597
damasine-rose1607
Provence rose1614
blush-rose1629
maiden's blush1648
monthly rose tree1664
Provinsa1678
York and Lancaster rose1688
cinnamon rose1699
muscat rose1707
cabbage rose1727
China-rose1731
old-fashioned rose1773
moss rose1777
swamp rose1785
alba1797
Cherokee rose1804
Macartney rose1811
shepherd's rose1818
multiflora1820
prairie rose1822
Boursault1826
Banksian rose1827
maiden rose1827
moss1829
Noisette1829
seven sisters rose1830
Dundee rambler1834
Banksia rose1835
Chickasaw rose1835
Bourbon1836
climbing rose1836
green rose1837
hybrid China1837
Jaune Desprez1837
Lamarque1837
perpetual1837
pillar rose1837
rambler1837
wax rose1837
rugosa1840
China1844
Manetti1846
Banksian1847
remontant1847
gallica1848
hybrid perpetual1848
Persian Yellow1848
pole rose1848
monthly1849
tea rose1850
quarter sessions rose1851
Gloire de Dijon1854
Jacqueminot1857
Maréchal Niel1864
primrose1864
jack1867
La France1868
tea1869
Ramanas rose1876
Japanese rose1883
polyantha1883
old rose1885
American Beauty1887
hybrid tea1890
Japan rose1895
roselet1896
floribunda1898
Zéphirine Drouhin1901
Penzance briar1902
Dorothy Perkins1903
sweetheart1905
wichuraiana1907
mermaid1918
species rose1930
sweetheart rose1936
peace1944
shrub rose1948
1867 Amer. Jrnl. Hort. 1 246 It is very usual to recognize that rose about here as ‘General Jack’.
1879 Indianapolis Jrnl. 3 Jan. 5/4 Of all the roses now to be had in New York none is, perhaps, as popular as the Jacqueminot or ‘Jack’, as it is more commonly called.
1883 Harper's Mag. Jan. 241/1 The box contained a..nosegay, with a ‘Jack’ rose in the centre.
1917 W. P. Stark How to beautify Home Grounds 41/1 ‘General Jack’ is a celebrated, all-round Rose.
1921 Flower Grower Jan. 14/1 Then there are..the ever-popular General Jacqueminot—Jack Rose—with its brilliant velvety-crimson flowers.
1957 R. Thomson & H. van P. Wilson Roses for Pleasure 43 As General Jack or the Jack Rose, it holds an affectionate place in the memories of an older generation.
2004 C. P. Wachsberger & T. James Rose 42 ‘Général Jacqueminot’. ‘General Jack’ is the great-grandparent of many of today's red roses.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

jackn.10

Brit. /dʒak/, U.S. /dʒæk/
Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: jackal n.
Etymology: Shortened < jackal n.
Now historical and rare.
The golden jackal, Canis aureus, esp. as a quarry for hunting in South Asia.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > [noun] > genus Canis > jackal
thos1601
jackal1603
jacco1648
the lion's provider1774
thous1839
jack1871
saddleback1947
1871 Oriental Sporting Mag. Jan. 24 It was on Major Beresford's making a wide cast with the hounds that he descried the jack in the act of crossing the road.
1892 Daily News 22 Jan. 5/4 The pack soon started a fine jackal, who led the hunt over the big paddy bunds and cactus fences... The jack was killed, and the Master presented the brush to Lady Harris.
1922 E. W. Savi Rulers of Men i. 5 My sympathies are generally with the ‘jack’!
1964 K. Goode How Very Eng. i. xi. 117 The Peshawar Vale hounds..hunted the jack (or jackal) instead of the fox, which did not exist out there.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

jackn.11

Brit. /dʒak/, U.S. /dʒæk/, Australian English /dʒæk/
Forms: also with capital initial.
Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: Jack-in-the-box n.
Etymology: Short for Jack-in-the-box n. (compare sense 10 at that entry).
slang (now chiefly Australian).
Venereal disease. Frequently with the.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > venereal disease > [noun]
bone acheOE
burning1382
crinkums1618
bone ague1659
crankum1661
venereal1843
jack1899
Jack-in-the-box1899
V.D.1920
a certain disease1927
social disease1978
1899 How to raise Love ii. 43 Not content with rhyming slang to slang, they shorten their jingle... He..says: ‘You know I've got the “Horse and Trap”.’ ‘Have you?’ says the other, ‘well, I've got the Jack!’
1932 J. T. Farrell Young Lonigan iv. viii. 302 You better go to a doctor, said Studs. I ain't got the jack, said Paulie.
1954 T. A. G. Hungerford Sowers of Wind i. 3 Penicillin'll take care of that... No more jack!
1960 J. Iggulden Storms of Summer xv. 297 They reckon she was rotten with the jack so they never paid her.
1985 N. Medcalf Rifleman 73 Got malaria, beri-beri, malnutrition and probably a dose of jack.
2002 Re: Surv.: Favorite Sexy Songs in alt.culture.us.1970s (Usenet newsgroup) 4 Sept. The Jack is Aussie slang for VD.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Jackn.12

Brit. /dʒak/, U.S. /dʒæk/
Forms: also with lower-case initial.
Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Jack.
Etymology: < the name of David Jacks (see Monterey Jack n. at Monterey n. 5b).
Chiefly North American (originally U.S.)
A kind of semi-hard cheese made from pasteurized cow's milk; = Monterey Jack n. at Monterey n. 5b. Also more fully Jack cheese.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > cheese > [noun] > varieties of cheese
goat cheeseOE
green cheesec1390
rowen cheesea1425
bred-cheesec1440
hard cheesec1470
ruen cheese1510
parmesan1538
spermyse1542
angelot1573
cow-cheese1583
goat's cheese1588
Cheshire Cheese1597
eddish-cheese1615
nettle cheese1615
aftermath cheese1631
marsolini1636
Suffolk cheese1636
Cheddar cheesea1661
rowen1673
parmigianoa1684
raw-milk cheesea1687
fleet cheese1688
sage-cheese1714
Rhode Island cheese1733
Stilton cheese1736
Roquefort cheese1762
American cheese1763
fodder cheese1784
Old Peg1785
blue cheese1787
Dunlop cheese1793
Wiltshire1794
Gloucester1802
Gruyère1802
Neufchâtel1814
Limburger cheese1817
Dunlop1818
fog cheese1822
Swiss cheese1822
Suffolk thumpa1825
Stilton1826
skim dick1827
stracchino cheese1832
Blue Vinney1836
Edam1836
Schabzieger1837
sapsago1846
Munster1858
mysost1861
napkin cheese1865
provolone1865
Roquefort1867
Suffolk bang1867
Leicester1874
Brie1876
Camembert1878
Gorgonzola1878
Leicester cheese1880
Port Salut1881
Wensleydale1881
Gouda1885
primost1889
Cantal1890
Suisse1891
bondon1894
Petit Suisse1895
Gervais1896
Lancashire1896
Pont l'Évêque1896
reggiano1896
Romano1897
fontina1898
Caerphilly cheese1901
Derby cheese1902
Emmental1902
Liptauer1902
farmer cheese1904
robiola1907
gjetost1908
reblochon1908
scamorza1908
Cabrales1910
Jack1910
pimento cheese1910
mozzarella1911
pimiento cheese1911
Monterey cheese1912
processed cheese1918
Tillamook1918
tvorog1918
anari1919
process cheese1923
Bel Paese1926
pecorino1931
Oka1936
Parmigiano–Reggiano1936
vacherin1936
Monterey Jack1940
Red Leicester1940
demi-sel1946
tomme1946
Danish blue1948
Tilsit1950
St.-Maure1951
Samsoe1953
Havarti1954
paneer1954
taleggio1954
feta1956
St. Paulin1956
bleu cheese1957
Manchego1957
Ilchester1963
Dolcelatte1964
chèvre1965
Chaource1966
Windsor Red1969
halloumi1970
Montrachet1973
Chaumes1976
Lymeswold1981
cambozola1984
yarg1984
1910 Pacific Dairy Rev. 5 May 8/2 What is known as ‘Jack’ or Monterey cheese is practically a California variety.
1912 Washington Post 14 Jan. m4 ‘Jack’ is a second native American cheese. It was first made in Monterey County, California, about a quarter of a century ago, and was then called ‘Monterey’ cheese.
1915 Los Angeles Times 20 May ii. 10 Jack cheese is plentiful here and selling at about 14 cents.
1979 Tucson (Arizona) Mag. Feb. 96/2 Try one of their special alfalfa sprout, avocado and jack cheese open face sandwiches.
1979 Mountain Democrat & Placerville (Calif.) Times 17 Oct. c5 (advt.) Pepper Jack... Olympic Brand. Random Weight Chunks... 20¢.
2007 L. Rice & B. Callinan Fondue 29/2 Jack is said to have been created in Monterey County in the 1890s.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

jackadj.

Brit. /dʒak/, U.S. /dʒæk/, Australian English /dʒæk/
Origin: Probably formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: jack v.2
Etymology: Probably < jack v.2 (compare to jack out of —— at jack v.2 Phrasal verbs and to jack up 4 at Phrasal verbs at that entry).
Australian slang.
Disenchanted with, tired of (a person, activity, etc.); bored; esp. in to be (also get) jack of.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > feeling of weariness or tedium > [adjective] > weary of person or thing
wearyc1275
sick1603
tired1672
full up1871
jack1885
1885 Bulletin (Sydney) 18 Apr. 22/3 He got ‘jack’ of the monotonous kind of life, so he handed in his resignation and left those parts.
1889 A. L. Hunt Bk. Bonanzas 79 We've hed two ov them trips already, an' we'er getting Jack about the business.
1907 Leader (Melbourne) 23 Mar. 30/2 I reckon he's jack of her now, and I don't wonder.
1969 Coast to Coast 1967–8 4 He was willing to bet she'd get jack of it.
2011 Echo (Austral.) (Nexis) 24 Feb. 1 We're just jack of the whole thing... Just stop the confusion.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† jackv.1

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: jack n.7
Etymology: < jack n.7
Orkney. Obsolete.
intransitive. To remove the skin from a seal. Cf. jack n.7
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > whaling and seal-hunting > whaling > cutting up whale or seal > cut up whale or seal [verb (transitive)] > to flay or skin (a seal)
jacka1795
flench1874
a1795 G. Low Fauna Orcadensis (1813) 17 One party armed with clubs, fall to knocking them on the head, and another set to jacking, i.e. cutting off the skin, together with the blubber on it.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

jackv.2

Brit. /dʒak/, U.S. /dʒæk/, Australian English /dʒæk/, New Zealand English /dʒɛk/
Forms: 1800s jag (English regional (Staffordshire), in sense to jack up 4b at Phrasal verbs), 1800s– jack.
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: Jack n.2
Etymology: < Jack n.2In sense 7 and in to jack around at Phrasal verbs perhaps influenced by jackass n.1 With to jack around at Phrasal verbs compare also earlier to jerk around at jerk v.1 Phrasal verbs. With to jack off 1 at Phrasal verbs perhaps compare earlier to jerk off at jerk v.1 Phrasal verbs.
1. North American.
a. intransitive. To use a jacklight to illuminate, attract, dazzle, or transfix (game, esp. deer, or fish); to go jack hunting or jack fishing. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > type or method of fishing > [verb (intransitive)] > other methods of fishing
rye1496
kipe1706
jack1833
torch1887
1833 N.-Y. Mirror 12 Oct. 114/3 Not a man on Long Island can clam, crab, jack, shoot, or draw a net for bony fish.
1910 H. H. Prichard Hunting Camps vii. 186 In order to ‘jack’ the hunters choose a dark, still night.
1983 S. King Pet Semetary (2014) ii. 401 ‘Gonna jacklight a few deer tonight?’ ‘Not at all,’ Louis said, unsmiling. ‘I haven't a license to jack.’
b. transitive. To use a jacklight to illuminate, attract, dazzle, or transfix (game, esp. deer, or fish) when hunting or fishing at night.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunt [verb (transitive)] > hunt with light
fire-hunt1807
shine1845
jack1876
jacklight1883
spotlight1918
lamp1988
1876 Forest & Stream 19 Oct. 166/2 To jack a deer becomes as difficult a feat as to stalk one.
1896 N.-Y. Times 22 Apr. i. 1/6 The Sanger bills amended to limit hounding and ‘jacking’ deer to a period of two weeks each year has passed the Assembly.
1940 P. Wylie Big Ones get Away! ix. 225 Confound it, man, jacking fish with a light is a bad business!
2016 Times & Transcript (New Brunswick) (Nexis) 20 July a8 People who jack deer often get harsher sentences than those who drive drunk.
2. transitive. To raise or hoist by means of a jack (Jack n.2 11).Recorded earliest in to jack up: see to jack up 1b at Phrasal verbs.
ΚΠ
1853 Boston Daily Atlas 10 Jan. A freight car, which was jacked up for the purpose of repairing.
1913 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 11 Nov. 330/2 The frame will be lifted to jack the vehicle.
1942 Railway Mech. Engineer Aug. 340/2 Before jacking an engine, tender or car, place substantial blocking under jack.
1985 Maintenance Mag. (U.S. Air Force) Oct.–Dec. 23/1 The crew had jacked the C-141 aircraft, completed all the checks and started to let it down.
2007 S. Smith How to build Hot Tuner Car 11 (caption) Any time you jack the car, make sure you have jack stands supporting the car.
3. transitive. slang and English regional. To give up, abandon (a pursuit, practice, occupation, etc.); also (and in earliest use) in to jack it. Occasionally also intransitive. Cf. to jack in at Phrasal verbs, to jack up 4 at Phrasal verbs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease from (an action or operation) [verb (transitive)] > abandon or relinquish (an activity or occupation)
remit1587
to give up1589
quit1607
to give off1613
to get out of ——1632
ding1852
to jack up1880
jack1902
to throw in1951
toss in1956
1902 Eng. Dial. Dict. III. 339/2 Thee jack it.
1902 Eng. Dial. Dict. III. 341/1 I've done all I can for you, and there's no reason you should jack now.
1909 A. H. Cocks 3rd Contrib. Bucks. Vocab. in Rec. Bucks. 9 148 What, jacked it already?
1940 M. Marples Public School Slang 102 Jack (Aldenham, 1923+), to stop a game—e.g. ‘Let's jack now’.
2011 R. Banks Dead Money xvii. 100 I wouldn't be surprised if he jacked his job.
4. transitive. Originally and chiefly U.S. To push (ammunition) into or out of the chamber of a firearm. Chiefly with into, out of, etc.
ΚΠ
1903 Daily Kennebec Jrnl. (Augusta, Maine) 28 Nov. 3/4 The single process of ‘jacking’ a shell into the chamber and ejecting it with an ordinary 30-30 Winchester rifle.
1951 G. H. Coxe Widow had Gun vi. 61 He smelled the muzzle, removed the clip, and jacked the bullet from the chamber, hearing its metallic clicking as it tumbled along the chest top.
1977 M. Montague Hardhat Fever xi. 169 Racevsky jacked a shell in the chamber and stuck the big thing back in his belt.
1987 J. D. Hardin Raider xxi. 225 He jacked the cartridge out of the single-shot and put the slug between his teeth, twisting the shell casing until the lead popped out.
2006 J. Ringo Unto the Breach xxiii. 286 They jacked a round into their weapons and placed them on safe. Mike jacked a round then undid his safety harness.
5. transitive (reflexive) and intransitive. coarse slang (originally and chiefly U.S.). To masturbate. Also transitive: to masturbate (a man, or a man's genitals). Cf. to jack off 1 at Phrasal verbs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > masturbation > masturbate [verb (reflexive)]
masturbate1857
to play with ——1879
to toss off1879
frigc1890
touch1892
to jerk off1904
to pull off1909
jackc1930
diddle1960
to jack off1967
manipulate1971
c1930–50 How to keep from growing Old 3 Drink two pints of moonshine every morning and jack yourself before every meal.
1970 P. R. Runkel Law unto Themselves 108 I think we jacked ourselves once and then I knew we took turns jacking each other at leas' twice.
1971 F. Hilaire Thanatos xxxvii. 247 The bastard was jacking to a picture of the kid's ma.
1994 L. Eighner Amer. Prelude 170 I jacked his dick with my wet fist.
2014 M. James Brief Hist. Seven Killings 458 He sat down with his own projector, in the basement, cigar in one hand dick in the other, while he jacked himself silly.
6.
a. transitive. To connect (a piece of equipment) to a computer, network, electronic device, etc., by means of a cable inserted into a jack (Jack n.2 18a); to connect (a wire, cable, etc.) by insertion into such a jack; to plug into. Frequently in passive.
ΚΠ
1939 Music Educators Jrnl. May 45/1 Individual sets of headphones were in turn jacked into the connecting blocks fed by the amplifier.
1954 J. H. Secondari Temptation for King v. 86 Then he sprinted back and jacked a wire into the control panel. But all that the earphones brought her was a hum.
1966 Electricity on Farm Nov. 24/1 The guitar can be jacked into the phonograph, which then serves as an amplifier.
2011 A. Baker Outpost 259 She jacked her headphones and selected Brief Encounter from the menu.
2016 J. A. Summit Singing God's Words x. 217 A knowledgeable reader listens to the reading through headphones jacked into the synagogue's sound system.
b. intransitive. Of a person: to log in or connect to a computer system, network, electronic device, software, etc. Also occasionally (and in earliest use) transitive (reflexive) in same sense. Chiefly with into.
ΚΠ
1970 R. Silverberg in Galaxy Mag. June 141/2 Watchman..jacked himself into the computer.
1975 Oversight Hearings on Comprehensive Employm. & Training Act (U.S. House Comm. on Educ. & Labor, 94th Congr., 1st Session) I. 20 The House Administration Committee..is now seriously considering..jacking into all of the different computers that the administration has..so that we would then know what is going on.
1990 A. D. Foster Cyber Way (1993) 30 He found the phone, unclipped his spinner from his belt and jacked in.
2015 M. Matos Underground is Massive iv. 74 Jacking into the college's e-mail system seeking local rave newsgroups, all he could find was club info.
7. intransitive. U.S. colloquial. With with. To get involved, interfere, or mess about with; to provoke, take on. Cf. to jack around 1 at Phrasal verbs.
ΚΠ
1972 B. Jackson In Life ii. 220 I know I can't jack with it [sc. Dilaudid, an opioid drug] and not get hooked.
1987 ‘J. B. Briggs’ Joe Bob goes to Drive-in 29/2 I thought I'd made it plain that nobody jacks with Joe Bob like that.
1991 Police Nov. 56/1 He had never tried a capital murder case, says one of the investigators bitterly, and there was no way he was going to jack with this one.
2015 S. Adrian Tunnel Vision v. 30 Maybe he does have a sense of humor, and he's totally jacking with me.

Phrasal verbs

With adverbs and prepositions in specialized senses. to jack around
North American colloquial.
1.
a. transitive. To interfere or mess around with (a person or (occasionally) a thing); to inconvenience or make trouble for.In quot. 1924: to manoeuvre or direct (a person).
ΚΠ
1924 Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune 16 June 5/2 Uncle Robbie has jacked these pitchers around with excellent results.., the Dodgers will be one of the toughest teams in the league to beat.
1943 Miami (Okla.) Daily News-Record 6 July 4/1 If the lid [sc. price ceiling] is taken off enough food items, or jacked around by the OPA to the end the effect's the same, prices..will shoot skyward.
1980 A. Maupin More Tales of City 197 Don't you think I know when people are jacking me around?
2010 I. Nathanson Minneapolis in 20th Cent. 195 Ford confronted Gustafson, declaring angrily, ‘You guys are jacking us around on this.’
b. intransitive. To interfere or mess around with; to cause inconvenience, make trouble.
ΚΠ
1972 D. Jenkins Semi-tough i. 88 He likes to jack around in the stock market with our money.
1987 B. A. Powe Ice Eaters i. xiii. 67 I told them not to jack around with my people while I was gone.
2004 M. Ivins Who let Dogs In? 37 The Bush administration has clearly jacked around with the prosecution of a criminal case.
2. intransitive. To behave in a playful or irresponsible manner; to waste time; to fool around.
ΚΠ
1951 Megaphone (Georgetown, Texas) (Student's Assoc. Southwestern Univ.) 23 Mar. 3/3 This guy after getting the idea..tinkered, puttered, jacked, and fooled around for 15 or 20 years and finally this machine emerged.
1977 Grand Prairie (Texas) Daily News 6 Feb. 3/5 I had to bench a couple of guys because they were jacking around in warmups.
1992 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 13 Nov. a1 If Clark quit jacking around and underwrote that deficit, the problem will be resolved.
 to jack down
transitive. To lower (a thing) by means of a jack (Jack n.2 11).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > lower or let down > by mechanical means
to turn down1551
parbuckle1768
to strike down1778
to hoist down1794
to jack down1893
to wind down1961
1893 Engin. Rec. 15 July 105/1 They [sc. the girders] are..then jacked down.
1915 Southwestern Reporter 177 1140/1 If they had jacks they jacked the wheel down.
1972 Bailey Bridge (U.S. Dept. Army Techn. Man. TM 5-277) Aug. v. 62/1 The number of jacks required to jack down a bridge depends on the span length and the type of the bridge.
1993 F. Conroy Body & Soul (1994) viii. 160 He put on the spare and jacked down the car.
2013 Orange County (Calif.) Reg. 25 June 3/1 Some tall buildings are dismantled..from the bottom up, the entire structure being slowly jacked down.
 to jack in
transitive. British colloquial and regional. To leave, abandon (a person); (more usually) to give up, stop doing (something). Chiefly in to jack it in. Cf. to jack up 4 at Phrasal verbs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease from (an action or operation) [verb (transitive)]
aswikec975
linOE
beleavec1175
forletc1175
i-swikec1175
restc1175
stutte?c1225
lina1300
blinc1314
to give overc1325
to do wayc1350
stintc1366
finisha1375
leavea1375
yleavec1380
to leave offa1382
refuse1389
ceasec1410
resigna1413
respite?a1439
relinquish1454
surcease1464
discontinue1474
unfill1486
supersede1499
desist1509
to have ado?1515
stop1525
to lay aside1530
stay1538
quata1614
to lay away1628
sist1635
quita1642
to throw up1645
to lay by1709
to come off1715
unbuckle1736
peter1753
to knock off1767
stash1794
estop1796
stow1806
cheese1811
to chuck itc1879
douse1887
nark1889
to stop off1891
stay1894
sling1902
can1906
to lay off1908
to pack in1934
to pack up1934
to turn in1938
to break down1941
to tie a can to (or on)1942
to jack in1948
to wrap it up1949
the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)]
forsakec893
forlet971
to reach upOE
agiveOE
yield?c1225
uptake1297
up-yield1297
yield1297
deliverc1300
to-yielda1375
overgivec1384
grant1390
forbeara1400
livera1400
forgoc1400
upgive1415
permit1429
quit1429
renderc1436
relinquish1479
abandonc1485
to hold up?1499
enlibertyc1500
surrender1509
cess1523
relent1528
to cast up?1529
resignate1531
uprender1551
demit1563
disclaim1567
to fling up1587
to give up1589
quittance1592
vail1593
enfeoff1598
revoke1599
to give off1613
disownc1620
succumb1632
abdicate1633
delinquish1645
discount1648
to pass away1650
to turn off1667
choke1747
to jack up1870
chuck up (the sponge)1878
chuckc1879
unget1893
sling1902
to jack in1948
punt1966
to-leave-
1948 A. Baron From City, from Plough i. 12 ‘What's your ol' woman do to you, Charlie?’ ‘Jacked me in for a civvy. I got home; no one there, no furniture, nothing.’
1958 F. Norman Bang to Rights iii. 77 There was only fifteen of us on the hunger strike, I suppose the others must have got hungrey [sic] anyway they jacked it in.
1973 Times 31 May 10/7 Private landlords jack-in the shaky business of letting.
1982 P. Redmond Brookside (Mersey TV shooting script) (O.E.D. Archive) Episode 4. 10 Jack it in, smartarse... Go on mate, piss off.
2014 Z. Howe Jesus & Mary Chain i. 5 After a series of dead-end jobs, Williams finally jacked it in.
 to jack off
1. coarse slang (originally and chiefly U.S.).
a. intransitive. Chiefly of a man: to masturbate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > masturbation > masturbate [verb (intransitive)]
frig1598
mastuprate1623
masturbate1839
to jerk off1865
rub1902
to rub up1902
wank1905
to jack off1916
to pull one's (or the) pud (also pudding, wire, etc.)1927
to toss off1927
to play pocket billiards1940
to beat one's meat1948
to wank off1951
whack1969
to choke the chicken1975
fap2001
1916 H. N. Cary Slang of Venery I. 153 Jack off, to masturbate.
1922 R. McAlmon Hasty Bunch 147 That was why he was so scared this morning, wondering if all the things the book said about the dangers in jacking-off were true.
1971 R. A. Carter Manhattan Primitive (1972) xxiv. 237 You can jack off in Llewellyn's best hat for all I care.
2000 A. Schell My Best Man v. 65 I can't believe she's jacking off..right in front of me in my car.
2010 Time Out N.Y. 20 May 119/1 You've become too accustomed to jacking off in a way that differs substantially from actual intercourse.
b. transitive. To masturbate (a man, or a man's genitals). Also reflexive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > other types of sexual activity or intercourse > engage in other types of sexual activity or intercourse [verb (transitive)] > stimulate genitals of (a person)
gropec1275
feel1569
goose1879
to play with ——1879
fingerc1890
to bring off1916
to feel up1926
to jack off?1927
reef1962
fingle1996
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > masturbation > masturbate [verb (reflexive)]
masturbate1857
to play with ——1879
to toss off1879
frigc1890
touch1892
to jerk off1904
to pull off1909
jackc1930
diddle1960
to jack off1967
manipulate1971
?1927–8 J. Fliesler Anecdota Americana 94 Gulliver had been captured by the Lilliputians, and the King.., ordered his army to jack-off the giant.
1967 I. Rosenthal Sheeper xii. 42 He was jacking himself off as hard as he could.
1987 J. Edelstein in F. Delacoste & P. Alexander Sex Work i. 63 When I first started working here, I knew I'd have to jack off the guys.
2003 J. Kerr in A. Foxxe Three Hard Way 29 ‘I'm going to come’, Scott said as I kept jacking off his cock.
2012 N. Barker Yips viii. 356 Will she jack me off if I give her a big enough tip?
2. intransitive. British slang. To go away, leave.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)]
wendeOE
i-wite971
ashakec975
shakeOE
to go awayOE
witea1000
afareOE
agoOE
atwendOE
awayOE
to wend awayOE
awendOE
gangOE
rimeOE
flitc1175
to fare forthc1200
depart?c1225
part?c1225
partc1230
to-partc1275
biwitec1300
atwitea1325
withdrawa1325
to draw awayc1330
passc1330
to turn one's (also the) backc1330
lenda1350
begonec1370
remuea1375
voidc1374
removec1380
to long awaya1382
twinc1386
to pass one's wayc1390
trussc1390
waive1390
to pass out ofa1398
avoida1400
to pass awaya1400
to turn awaya1400
slakec1400
wagc1400
returnc1405
to be gonea1425
muck1429
packc1450
recede1450
roomc1450
to show (a person) the feetc1450
to come offc1475
to take one's licence1475
issue1484
devoidc1485
rebatea1500
walka1500
to go adieua1522
pikea1529
to go one's ways1530
retire?1543
avaunt1549
to make out1558
trudge1562
vade?1570
fly1581
leave1593
wag1594
to get off1595
to go off1600
to put off1600
shog1600
troop1600
to forsake patch1602
exit1607
hence1614
to give offa1616
to take off1657
to move off1692
to cut (also slip) the painter1699
sheera1704
to go about one's business1749
mizzle1772
to move out1792
transit1797–1803
stump it1803
to run away1809
quit1811
to clear off1816
to clear out1816
nash1819
fuff1822
to make (take) tracks (for)1824
mosey1829
slope1830
to tail out1830
to walk one's chalks1835
to take away1838
shove1844
trot1847
fade1848
evacuate1849
shag1851
to get up and get1854
to pull out1855
to cut (the) cable(s)1859
to light out1859
to pick up1872
to sling one's Daniel or hook1873
to sling (also take) one's hook1874
smoke1893
screw1896
shoot1897
voetsak1897
to tootle off1902
to ship out1908
to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder1909
to push off1918
to bugger off1922
biff1923
to fuck off1929
to hit, split or take the breeze1931
to jack off1931
to piss offa1935
to do a mick1937
to take a walk1937
to head off1941
to take a hike1944
moulder1945
to chuff off1947
to get lost1947
to shoot through1947
skidoo1949
to sod off1950
peel1951
bug1952
split1954
poop1961
mugger1962
frig1965
1931 ‘G. Orwell’ Hop-picking in Coll. Ess. (1968) I. 71 Jack off, to, to go away.
1935 ‘G. Orwell’ Clergyman's Daughter ii. 109 Flo and Charlie would probably ‘jack off’ if they got the chance of a lift.
1989 2000 AD 30 Dec. 6 Now jack off before I oick ya.
2011 K. Petras & R. Petras Bk. All-time Stupidest Top 10 Lists 66 It's a big, Hippity-hop rabbit, jacking off down the field.
 to jack out
transitive. To release, disengage, or disentangle from some obstruction or restraint by means of a jack (Jack n.2 11).
ΚΠ
1869 Pall Mall Gaz. 13 Apr. 7/1 He had to be literally ‘jacked’ out from underneath the débris.
1901 Munsey's Mag. June 356/2 The carriage was jacked out and rolled away from the end it had supported.
1974 S. Terkel Working ix. 574 A head-on collision on a parkway... The father had lived until we jacked him out and he had collapsed.
2007 I. Wahl Building Anat. xvi. 266 The form is jacked out, reinforcing steel is placed, and concrete is poured, vibrated, and allowed to cure.
 to jack out of ——
intransitive. English regional (south-western) and Australian. To abandon, leave, give up. Now somewhat rare.
ΚΠ
1891 R. P. Chope Dial. Hartland, Devonshire (at cited word) He'll sure to jack out o't eef he kin.
1901 C. V. Goddard in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1902) III. 340/1 I din't know as Bill were going to jack out of the choir.
1940 E. Curry Hysterical Hist. Austral. Pref. p. i I tried very hard to jack out of it.
1969 Daily Tel. 6 Feb. 19/3 Andrew Samuels..said why he had ‘jacked out’ of the Oxford Revolutionary Socialist Students.
 to jack up
1. transitive.
†a. Perhaps: to construct (a roof) so as to be raised higher than is usual. Obsolete.Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
1840 Bradford Observer 23 Apr. A Room in the Roof, which is jacked up 3 feet 6 inches high.
b. To raise or lift (an object, esp. a vehicle) with a jack (Jack n.2 11).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > work with tools or equipment [verb (transitive)] > lifting or hoisting equipment
to wind upc1275
windc1440
sling1522
crane1570
hoise1573
pulley1581
tackle1711
lewis1837
teagle1841
to jack up1853
windlass1870
whorl1886
luff1913
1853 Boston Daily Atlas 10 Jan. A freight car, which was jacked up for the purpose of repairing.
1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 20 Mar. 6/1 To ‘jack-up’ a seven-ton engine and replace it on the rails.
1931 Autocar 2 Jan. 34/2 A naughty travelling marshal shamelessly jacked up one wheel of his car.
1971 J. D. MacDonald Seven (1974) iii. 46 When we decided to give up the apple stand, I said it might make a nice little cabin. My husband Ralph jacked it up and put it on a flatbed wagon.
2013 Chron. (Austral.) (Nexis) 10 Dec. a14 I had already jacked up the car, however I was unable to loosen the nuts on the wheel.
c. colloquial (originally U.S.). To raise, increase (esp. a price, tax, rent, etc.); to hike. Also: to boost (an economy).In quot. 1884: to force up the price of (a stock) artificially.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (transitive)]
echeOE
ekec1200
multiplya1275
morea1300
increase13..
vaunce1303
enlargec1380
augmenta1400
accrease1402
alargea1425
amply?a1425
great?1440
hainc1440
creasec1475
grow1481
amplea1500
to get upa1500
improve1509
ampliatea1513
auge1542
over1546
amplify1549
raise1583
grand1602
swell1602
magnoperate1610
greaten1613
accresce1626
aggrandize1638
majoratea1651
adauge1657
protend1659
reinforce1660
examplify1677
pluralize1750
to drive up1817
to whoop up1856
to jack up1884
upbuild1890
steepen1909
up1934
1884 Glasgow Herald 18 Mar. 7/5 Stocks were ‘jacked up’.
1904 N.Y. Tribune 8 May 10 The management thought it saw a chance to jack up rents, and made a sudden announcement of a raise.
1959 Economist 7 Feb. 504/1 At his first trial, Cho Bong-Am got only five years, but a second trial jacked this up to capital punishment.
1964 Ann. Reg. 1963 44 Mr. Heath unveiled the plans to jack up the punctured local economies.
1988 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 13 Mar. 1 i M&Ms, crushed Oreo cookies and carob-covered raisons [sic] jack up the bulge quotient.
2002 Nation (N.Y.) 29 Apr. 8/1 The companies jacked up our prices by another 17.1 percent last year.
d. slang (originally and chiefly U.S.). To rouse from apathy, stir up; to encourage, inspire to action.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate
stirc897
putOE
sputc1175
prokec1225
prickc1230
commovec1374
baitc1378
stingc1386
movea1398
eager?a1400
pokec1400
provokea1425
tollc1440
cheera1450
irritec1450
encourage1483
incite1483
harden1487
attice1490
pricklea1522
to set on1523
incense1531
irritate1531
animate1532
tickle1532
stomach1541
instigate1542
concitea1555
upsteer1558
urge1565
instimulate1570
whip1573
goad1579
raise1581
to set upa1586
to call ona1592
incitate1597
indarec1599
alarm1602
exstimulate1603
to put on1604
feeze1610
impulse1611
fomentate1613
emovec1614
animalize1617
stimulate1619
spura1644
trinkle1685
cite1718
to put up1812
prod1832
to jack up1914
goose1934
the world > action or operation > undertaking > beginning action or activity > begin or enter upon (an action) [verb (transitive)] > stir up or rouse up
stirc1000
aweccheOE
stirc1175
arear?c1225
awakec1315
amovec1330
araisec1374
wake1398
wakenc1400
to stir upa1500
incend?1504
to firk upc1540
bestir1549
store1552
bustlea1555
tickle1567
solicitate1568
to stir one's taila1572
exsuscitate1574
rouse1574
suscitate1598
accite1600
actuate1603
arousea1616
poach1632
roust1658
to shake up1850
to galvanize to or into life1853
to make things (or something specified) hum1884
to jack up1914
rev1945
1914 S. H. Adams Clarion ix. 100 I think I'll jack up our boys in the city room by hinting that there may be a shake-up coming under the new owner.
1920 Sun (Christchurch, N.Z.) 31 Jan. 9/5 It is about time this sleepy Government was jacked up a bit.
1954 A. W. LeVier & J. Guenther Pilot 123 This only served to jack you up and get you back on the ball.
2014 AutoWeek 21 July 48/1 Granted, the timed, two- or three-round knockout format beats the old single-car runs, but it hasn't jacked up fan interest as much as officials had expected.
2. transitive.
a. slang. Originally among railway workers: to take disciplinary action against (a person, esp. an employee); esp. to suspend from duty. Frequently in passive.
ΚΠ
1861 Bristol Mercury 31 Aug. 6/6 Their doings were not known to Mr. Brotherhood, or they would be soon ‘jacked up’.
1898 H. E. Hamblen Gen. Manager's Story xviii. 298 The engineer was, of course, discharged; and the head brakeman..was jacked up for thirty days.
1909 Railway Carmen's Jrnl. June 316/2 We, to keep from being ‘jacked up’, work ourselves to death.
2006 G. Pelecanos Night Gardener xxxvi. 335 IAD could jack him up for it..but the girl would never testify.
b. U.S. colloquial. To call (a person or institution) to account for a misdemeanour or misconduct; to take to task, upbraid, reprimand. Now somewhat rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > reproach > [verb (transitive)]
edwitec825
shendc897
lehtriec1000
atwiteOE
gaba1200
begredec1200
tucka1225
reprove?1316
braidc1325
abraidc1330
upbraida1340
reprocec1350
reprucec1350
umbraida1393
reproacha1400
brixlec1400
saya1470
embraid1481
outbraid1509
check1526
twit1530
entwite1541
broide1546
taunt1560
upbray1581
improperate1623
betwit1661
to jack up1896
1896 G. Ade Artie xii. 107 He was goin' down to the city hall and change the whole works. He was goin' to clean the streets and jack up the coppers.
1908 H. M. Bush Diary Enlisted Man 40 The sixth captain was ‘jacking up’ a couple of his men about something.
1936 J. Tully Bruiser v. 53 He's always jackin' me up like I was some stumble bum, an' not a comin' champeen.
1969 J. A. Al-Amin Die Nigger Die! vii. 78 I got switched to the police-community relations program, which was O.K. with me 'cause I wanted to jack up the police anyway.
1983 P. Dexter God's Pocket i. 6 I see him over there jackin' up Old Lucy, and it ain't going to end.
3. transitive. colloquial and regional. To put in a bad state or situation; to ruin, spoil, mess up. Cf. jacked-up adj. 1.Originally in passive (with unexpressed agent).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > relinquishing > make relinquishment [verb (intransitive)]
to take leavelOE
resign1602
to jack up1870
chuckc1879
the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)]
forsakec893
forlet971
to reach upOE
agiveOE
yield?c1225
uptake1297
up-yield1297
yield1297
deliverc1300
to-yielda1375
overgivec1384
grant1390
forbeara1400
livera1400
forgoc1400
upgive1415
permit1429
quit1429
renderc1436
relinquish1479
abandonc1485
to hold up?1499
enlibertyc1500
surrender1509
cess1523
relent1528
to cast up?1529
resignate1531
uprender1551
demit1563
disclaim1567
to fling up1587
to give up1589
quittance1592
vail1593
enfeoff1598
revoke1599
to give off1613
disownc1620
succumb1632
abdicate1633
delinquish1645
discount1648
to pass away1650
to turn off1667
choke1747
to jack up1870
chuck up (the sponge)1878
chuckc1879
unget1893
sling1902
to jack in1948
punt1966
to-leave-
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > bring to ruin or put an end to
undoc950
shendOE
forfarea1000
endc1000
to do awayOE
aquenchc1175
slayc1175
slayc1175
stathea1200
tinea1300
to-spilla1300
batec1300
bleschea1325
honisha1325
leesea1325
wastec1325
stanch1338
corrumpa1340
destroy1340
to put awayc1350
dissolvec1374
supplanta1382
to-shend1382
aneantizec1384
avoidc1384
to put outa1398
beshenda1400
swelta1400
amortizec1405
distract1413
consumec1425
shelfc1425
abroge1427
downthringc1430
kill1435
poisonc1450
defeat1474
perish1509
to blow away1523
abrogatea1529
to prick (also turn, pitch) over the perka1529
dash?1529
to bring (also send) to (the) pot1531
put in the pot1531
wipea1538
extermine1539
fatec1540
peppera1550
disappoint1563
to put (also set) beside the saddle1563
to cut the throat of1565
to throw (also turn, etc.) over the perch1568
to make a hand of (also on, with)1569
demolish1570
to break the neck of1576
to make shipwreck of1577
spoil1578
to knock on (in) the head (also rarely at head)1579
cipher1589
ruinate1590
to cut off by the shins1592
shipwreck1599
exterminate1605
finish1611
damnify1612
ravel1614
braina1616
stagger1629
unrivet1630
consummate1634
pulverizea1640
baffle1649
devil1652
to blow up1660
feague1668
shatter1683
cook1708
to die away1748
to prove fatal (to)1759
to knock up1764
to knock (or kick) the hindsight out or off1834
to put the kibosh on1834
to cook (rarely do) one's goose1835
kibosh1841
to chaw up1843
cooper1851
to jack up1870
scuttle1888
to bugger up1891
jigger1895
torpedo1895
on the fritz1900
to put paid to1901
rot1908
down and out1916
scuppera1918
to put the skids under1918
stonker1919
liquidate1924
to screw up1933
cruel1934
to dig the grave of1934
pox1935
blow1936
to hit for six1937
to piss up1937
to dust off1938
zap1976
1870 Hampshire Tel. & Sussex Chron. 15 June 4/4 There is a party gone out in that boat to go round the ships at spithead, and if they do they are sure to be jacked up soon.
1881 M. Reynolds Engine-driving Life 66 To burn a fire-box, burns your name into the locomotive superintendant's black-book, and there you are jacked up for ever.
1957 H. Hall Parish's Dict. Sussex Dial. (new ed.) 67/1 We were having a good game till you came and jacked it up.
2009 L. Sandoval Lexy's Little Matchmaker 99 She'd changed clothes a zillion times, which of course..jacked up her hair.
4. colloquial.
†a. intransitive. To withdraw or back out from a venture or undertaking; to give up, esp. suddenly or abruptly. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1871 Leeds Mercury 16 Aug. 4/1 Whoever ‘jacked up,’..should return the amount of his passage money.
1887 W. D. Parish & W. F. Shaw Dict. Kentish Dial. 84 Jack-up, to give up anything from pride, impudence, or bad temper. ‘They kep' on one wik, and then they all jacked-up.’
1888 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms I. xix. 256 [It] took a deal of punishment before he jacked up.
b. transitive. To give up, abandon (a pursuit, practice, occupation, etc.). Cf. to jack in at Phrasal verbs, to chuck up at chuck v.2 2b. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ceasing > cease from (an action or operation) [verb (transitive)] > abandon or relinquish (an activity or occupation)
remit1587
to give up1589
quit1607
to give off1613
to get out of ——1632
ding1852
to jack up1880
jack1902
to throw in1951
toss in1956
1880 Daily Tel. 9 Oct. The Liberal canvassers..became dissatisfied and threatened to ‘Jack up’ their books.
1897 Contemp. Rev. Dec. 795 About 16 per cent ‘jack it up’ and go back to the slough and mire.
1909 A. H. Cocks 3rd Contrib. Bucks. Vocab. in Rec. Bucks. 9 148 I jacked up work at five o'clock.
1972 J. B. Keane Lett. Irish Parish Priest 63 If he don't mind his own business I might jack the whole thing up.
c. intransitive. Originally and chiefly Australian. To refuse to cooperate or participate; to refuse to work.
ΚΠ
1898 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Romance of Canvas Town 253 As a man, a gentleman, and a squatter, I ‘jacked up’ at the cookery.
1936 M. Franklin All that Swagger 470 Grandfather always took Grandma with him everywhere until she jacked up.
1969 Guardian 22 Nov. 7/4 Occasionally they can jack up altogether when they are imposed upon.
2014 Weekend Austral. (Nexis) 8 Feb. 1 They'd just jack up and go on strike.
5. transitive. New Zealand slang.
a. To make or prepare (esp. food or drink); to arrange, organize, contrive. Also in to jack it up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > put in (proper) order [verb (transitive)]
rightlOE
attire1330
ettlea1350
to set (also put) in rulea1387
redress1389
dress?a1400
fettlea1400
governc1405
yraylle1426
direct1509
settlec1530
tune1530
instruct1534
rede1545
commodate1595
square1596
concinnate1601
concinnea1620
rectify1655
fix1663
to put (also bring) into repair1673
arrange1802
pipeclay1806
to get together1810
to do up1886
to jack up1939
1939–45 Expressions & Sayings 2nd N.Z. Expeditionary Force in Dict. N.Z. Eng. (1997) 420/1 Jack up, prepare anything.
1942 NZEF Times 7 Sept. 5 In recent weeks NCO's have had a trying time ‘jacking up’ all sorts of things.
1944 J. H. Fullarton Troop Target xxvi. 187 I've jacked up a hot snack for the end of the shoot.
1950 A. R. D. Fairburn Let. 10 June (1981) 196 You can surely jack up some pretext for flying north.
1956 D. M. Davin Sullen Bell i. iii. 24 I've jacked it up to stay the night with a friend of mine.
1985 J. J. Stewart Gumboots & Goalposts 91 ‘I'll jack-up someone to referee,’ Walton volunteered.
2005 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 19 Nov. We finally jacked it up with a telephone conference call.
b. Originally Military. To fix up, sort out; esp. to settle (a person) in a new place (also in passive with unexpressed agent). Also reflexive: to settle in.
ΚΠ
1944 E. G. Webber Johnny Enzed in Middle East 13/3 May take a year to jack it up again.
1946 E. G. Webber Johnny Enzed in Italy 44 They've had plenty of time to jack themselves up by now.
1971 N.Z. Listener 22 Mar. 13/1 I'll see you right at a boardin' place until you get jacked up.
2007 N.Z. Herald (Nexis) 15 Mar. Pacific Island people are increasingly getting the opportunity to live in New Zealand without having to rely on relatives already here to jack them up with jobs.
6. transitive. U.S. colloquial. To assault (a person); to beat up, mug.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > rob [verb (transitive)] > attack and rob
huff1832
garrotte1858
mug1864
to jack up1965
steam1987
1965 Esquire July 45/2 They jacked him up in a hallway.
1979 E. Torres After Hours xviii. 169 By Thursday they'll jack somebody up to get money for the weekend.
2002 J. Lerner You got Nothing Coming i. 50 This fucking bullshit is outta line! In Kansas we'd of jacked up a few cops.
7. colloquial (originally U.S.).
a. transitive. To excite or exhilarate (a person) with, or as if with, a recreational drug; to stimulate (mentally or physically).Sometimes overlapping with sense 1d.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > effects of drugs > have intoxicating effect on [verb (transitive)]
intoxicatea1566
besot1627
buzz1927
stone1959
to jack up1966
wipe1972
1966 F. Elli Riot i. 11 Damn Benny inhalers were expensive... Even so, if a man wanted to stay alive in a graveyard like this, he had to jack up his wig on something once in a while.
1967 F. Reynolds & M. McClure Freewheelin Frank v. 55 An acid high, LSD high, jacks you up stimulant-wise.
1986 D. Davin Salamander & Fire 52 I knew I was too tired for any amount of gin to jack me up.
1996 Sports Illustr. 19 Feb. 32/2 Sacramento coach Garry St. Jean jacked himself up by watching a Ronald Reagan western.
2007 S. Moffie Swap 125 He was going to have to jack himself up with some more caffeine..because he knew it was going to be a long night.
b.
(a) intransitive. To inject a recreational drug.
ΚΠ
1968 T. Jones Drugs & Police ix. 71 (gloss.) Jack up, to inject heroin.
1986 Film Comment 22 38/2 They watched an awful lot of terribly depressing films of people jacking up in bathrooms.
2005 A. Masters Stuart v. 42 Smudger had a lot of friends: they..stole his chewy muesli bars, tinfoil, spoons, matches, then jacked up on the floor and got bored.
2013 FourFourTwo Feb. 56/6 I've never seen someone jacking up but I've heard conversations about what goes on.
(b) transitive. To take (a recreational drug), esp. by injection; to inject (oneself) with a recreational drug.
ΚΠ
1970 New Society 16 Feb. 309/2 They will ‘jack up’ pills.
1986 B. Geldof & P. Vallely Is that It? (1987) vi. 70 If he jacked himself up in the house, I'd kick him out. Heroin horrified me.
1994 J. Birmingham He died with Felafel in his Hand (1997) vi. 127 Kristin..came home and jacked herself up a few spoons of smack.
2011 T. Ronald Becoming Nancy (2012) xix. 258 ‘Bob Lord,’ I sneer, ‘jacking up heroin while he watches the boys in the showers after football.’
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

jackv.3

Brit. /dʒak/, U.S. /dʒæk/
Origin: Probably formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: hijack v.
Etymology: Probably shortened < hijack v. Perhaps compare earlier jackroll v.
slang (originally and chiefly U.S.).
transitive. To take illegally, steal (esp. a car or something from a car); to burgle (a place); to rob (a person).
ΚΠ
1930 Amer. Mercury Dec. 454/2 Two loads jacked. That's the blow off. You're through.
1959 J. Farris Harrison High i. xi. 112 The only way to make any money out of cigarettes is to jack a carload.
1988 ‘Ice-T’ & ‘Afrika Islam’ Colors in Hip-hop & Rap: Compl. Lyrics 175 Songs (2003) 56 My young brother got shot. My home got jacked, my mother's on crack.
2001 Guardian 17 Mar. i. 5/3 ‘Let's jack her’; one youth suggested, and Marsh and Edwards ran up to lure her down.
2015 Dawn (Pakistan) (Nexis) 12 Jan. Tales featuring guns and police chases, about jacking cars and being put into lockups.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

> see also

also refers to : -jackcomb. form
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n.11378n.2c1390n.31582n.41633n.51694n.61732n.7a1795n.81801n.91867n.101871n.111899n.121910adj.1885v.1a1795v.21833v.31930
see also
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