kamikazen.adj.

Brit.

/ˌkamᵻˈkɑːzi/, U.S.

/ˌkɑməˈkɑzi/

Forms: 1800s– kamikaze, 1900s– kamikazi; also with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Japanese. Etymon: Japanese kamikaze.

Etymology: < Japanese kamikaze, lit. ‘wind of the kami’ (see note) < kami kami n.¹ + kaze wind.Japanese kamikaze is attested earliest in its literal sense as an epithet of the major Shinto shrine at Ise (8th cent. in combinations); it is used later to denote either of the storms said to have destroyed the Mongol invading fleets in 1274 and 1281 (17th cent.; compare sense A. 1). From 1944, the kanji for this word were used in the name of some of the airborne ‘special attack units’ of the Japanese navy (compare senses A. 2 and B. 1), perhaps with allusion to the 13th-cent. storms said to have protected the country from (naval) invasion; in this context, the kanji were pronounced kamikaze in popular use from the beginning (compare quot. 1944 at sense B. 1a), although the military initially used the alternative pronunciation shinpū, which reflects the Chinese origin of the kanji.

A. n.

1. In Japanese tradition: a powerful wind, said to be a gift from the gods (see kami n.¹); spec. either of the gales that destroyed the fleet of the invading Mongols in 1274 and 1281.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > Japanese wind of the gods

kamikaze1896

1896 L. Hearn Kokoro x. 137 That mighty wind still called Kami-kazé,—‘the Wind of the Gods’, by which the fleets of Kublai Khan were given to the abyss.

1970 J. W. Hall Japan vii. 93 The ‘divine wind’ (kamikaze) which Japan's protective kami had generated against its enemies.

1992 C. Sprawson Haunts of Black Masseur (1993) viii. 288 A swarm of butterflies, blown over by some kamikaze or divine wind, collected..to follow the Japanese competitors.

2010 Time Out Tokyo i. 20 Attempted Mongol invasions in 1274 and 1281 were only driven back by stormy seas off Kyushu, something attributed to the kamikaze, or ‘wind of the gods’.

a. In the Second World War: a Japanese aircraft, typically loaded with explosives, which makes a deliberate suicidal crash into an enemy target, esp. a ship. Also (with the and plural agreement): a military unit of such aircraft. Now historical.The first kamikaze attacks were launched in October 1944, in the latter stages of the war.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [noun] > used in warfare > aircraft used in kamikaze attack

kamikaze1944

Baka1945

1944 N.Y. Times 3 Nov. 3/2 The planes were described as practically flying bombs, carrying just enough fuel to reach their targets and named Kamikaze for the Japanese god of the winds.

1945 N. Y. Times 1 Jan. 12/2 The enemy has claimed major successes in recent months for his suicide fliers of the Kamikaze.

1945 Centralia (Illinois) Sentinel 14 Apr. 1/7 A Kamikaze swooped in, maintaining a long steady dive at the white-painted ship.

1954 Time 4 Jan. 67/1 Fleets of Kamikazes plunged out of the sky, their suicidal pilots aiming their bomb loads at the destroyers.

1959 Sunday Times 5 Apr. 13/5 The Kamikaze hit the bridge, killing thirty and wounding eighty-seven.

2011 Daily Tel. 13 July 29/6 On April 1 Indefatigable received a direct hit from a kamikaze which dived from 6,000ft.

b. The pilot of a kamikaze aircraft (see sense A. 2a). Now historical. Also in extended use: a participant in a suicide mission, esp. a suicide bomber.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > hostilities in the air > airman > [noun] > fighter pilot > suicidal

suicider1944

kamikaze1945

society > travel > air or space travel > people who fly in aircraft or spacecraft > [noun] > person in control of aircraft or spacecraft > person in control of aircraft > air force pilot > suicidal

kamikaze1945

1945 Hutchinson (Kansas) News-Herald 16 Apr. 8/4 After a Kamikaze commits himself to a dive it is too late to change a decision or come back for another run.

1964 Sun-Herald (Sydney) 21 June 28/2 Three Australian guards and more than 200 kamikazes died.

1991 B. Anderson Girls High (1992) xiii. 161 A smiling Kamikaze tied his comrade's white headband as he sat in his cockpit... His hachimaki, said Senri pointing.—They were worn by samurai warriors. A symbol of coolness and courage. They all wore them on their last missions.

2001 N.Y. Times Mag. 25 Nov. 62/1 I interviewed Powell..four days before the hijack kamikazes hit the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.

c. A person who acts in a reckless, hazardous, or potentially self-destructive way, esp. for a cause.

ΚΠ

1971 Observer 28 Nov. 3/6 The stand of the kamikazes means that in any critical division the Government is assured of a working majority.

1987 J. Barth Tidewater Tales (1988) 526 Scheherazade was not one of your Shiite kamikazes: she wanted to straighten the king's head out..and protect herself.

1998 K. Sampson Extra Time 138 The truce lasts approximately three hours. Emboldened by a vicious combination of skunk and Amstel, the four kamikazes proceed to stand in front of the hurtling express train of fate and taunt it with bare fists.

2002 Trav. Afr. Winter 12/1 I've placed my life in the hands of these kamikazes with disturbing regularity for the last 15 years and they still scare me—..more than every other travel horror conventionally associated with Africa.

2012 FourFourTwo Oct. 12/4 Be full of confidence. You have to be. You can't worry; you have to be a Kamikaze to shoot a penalty.

3. Surfing. A reckless or dangerous way of surfing; spec. a usually deliberate wipeout (wipeout n. 2). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > water sports except racing > surfing > [noun] > types of

body surfing1908

hot-dogging1929

kamikaze1963

rollercoasting1968

boogie boarding1978

longboarding1982

kiteboarding1996

1963 Pix 28 Sept. 62/3 Kamikaze: riding the nose with the hands in cross across chest.

1967 J. Severson Great Surfing Gloss. Kamikaze, a planned wipe-out; taken on purpose with no hope of saving the board or avoiding the swim.

1970 Stud. in Eng. (Univ. Cape Town) 1 32 A kamikaze occurs when the surfer takes a wipe-out fair on the nose of his surfboard.

4. A cocktail made with vodka, orange-flavoured liqueur, and lime juice.In quot. 1979¹: a cocktail made with vodka and lime juice.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > cocktail > [noun] > vodka cocktail

Bloody Mary1939

Moscow mule1944

screwdriver1948

vodka martini1953

vodkatini1955

Black Russian1957

White Russian1965

bloody1967

vodka Collins1969

Bloody Caesar1972

vodka gimlet1974

kamikaze1979

Sex on the Beach1986

caipiroska1990

appletini1997

1979 Chicago Tribune 31 Jan. v. 1/4 A kamikaze is made by filling a mixing glass with ice, pouring Stolichnaya vodka and a little Rose's lime juice.

1979 Ski Oct. 78/2 The Kamikaze. Mix 1½ oz. of vodka (keep in freezer), a dash of lime juice and a drop of Cointreau. Stir in ice, serve straight up.

1998 E. Jenkins Tongue First 21 One person prefers his kamikaze strong and iced, another likes hers neat with extra triple sec.

2015 Asbury Park (New Jersey) Press (Electronic ed.) 1 Feb. 3 He used to drink kamikazes and play Fats Domino's ‘I'm Ready’ on the jukebox.

B. adj.

a. Designating a Japanese aircraft, pilot, or military unit whose purpose is to fly a suicide mission or missions (see senses A. 2a, A. 2b); (also) of or relating to a mission of this kind. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [adjective] > type of bomber

heavy1921

kamikaze1944

interdictor1965

1944 Nippon Times 31 Oct. 1/8 The special Kamikaze Attack Corps attacked an enemy task force.

1946 Chem. & Engin. News 24 1030/2 The Army and Navy..provided protective [smoke] screens against the Kamikaze attack of the Japanese.

1956 A. H. Compton Atomic Quest iv. 225 Japan's one great new weapon was her ‘kamikaze’ planes, loaded with bombs and guided to their targets by heroic suicide pilots.

1960 Spectator 3 June 803 With the suicidal self confidence of kamikaze pilots ramming an aircraft-carrier.

1987 G. Tullock Autocracy 111 (note) In the Okinawa area alone there were about 2,000 Kamikazi sorties against U.S. Naval vessels.

2010 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 27 May 18/4 In World War II..Kamikaze squadrons were indeed called ‘cherry blossoms’.

b. In extended use. Of, relating to, or involved in a suicide mission or missions resembling those carried out by Kamikaze pilots.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > [adjective] > other types of attack

feigned1598

overvaulting1879

frontal1884

tip-and-run1891

hit and run1940

pre-emptive1941

banzai1945

surgical1965

kamikaze1966

1966 M. Sivaram Vietnam War ii. 25 The Vietcong agents seemed seized with kamikaze (suicide squad) fervor.

1974 Illustr. London News Feb. 25/3 Newspaper speculation that kamikaze dolphins, with explosives strapped to them, had been trained to ram and destroy enemy craft.

1996 L. Sigelman & A. Rosenblatt in D. C. Mutz et al. Polit. Persuasion & Attitude Change vii. 187 On October 23, 241 U.S. service personnel were blown up by a ‘kamikaze’ explosives-filled van driven by Arab terrorists.

2016 What Papers Say (Russia) (Nexis) 25 Jan. According to preliminary information, the bomb was actuated by a kamikaze terrorist.

2. figurative and in extended use. Reckless, dangerous; hazardous and potentially self-destructive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > incautiousness > [adjective] > rash or reckless

recklesseOE

redmodOE

unreckless?c1225

hastivec1300

racklec1300

testyc1374

rabbisha1387

temeraryc1410

temerous1461

rash1509

temerarious1532

hare-brained1548

temerarec1550

hare-brain1566

hot-spurred1573

overrash1577

hotspur1586

madcap1591

wretchless1598

Phaetontic1608

zeal-blind1615

Phaetontal1617

unresponsable1619

Phaetontical1630

phaetonicala1640

Phaetonic1708

hell-bent1731

harum-scarum1751

unresponsible1764

suicidal1768

rumgumptious1781

shy1787

devil-may-care1799

bullheaded1818

devil-may-carish1825

temeritous1892

kamikaze1952

1952 Life 21 Apr. 48/2 The storks made the most of their 6-to-1 odds and used kamikaze tactics.

1964 ‘J. H. Roberts’ Q Document (1965) viii. 198 The kamikaze cabs did not seem to be affected..by the condition of the streets. They followed the same erratic courses through the staggered lines of more cautious drivers.

1968 Evening Standard 29 Aug. 13/3 He developed a contempt for the kamikaze liberals who prefer glorious defeat to sensible accommodation.

1974 D. Seaman Bomb that could Lip-read xi. 88 The Royal Army Ordnance Corps—not normally looked upon as a kamikaze outfit—supplies two such [bomb disposal] units, the only ones in the whole British Army.

1986 R. Sproat Stunning the Punters 163 Tommy Bolt..got himself kneed in the cobblers by some berserk teenager on a kamikaze charge.

2005 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 3 Nov. 4/1 I was plunging through the heat, dust, eye-stinging pollution, and kamikaze traffic of Tehran.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	kamikaze
释义	kamikazen.adj. Brit. /ˌkamᵻˈkɑːzi/, U.S. /ˌkɑməˈkɑzi/ Forms: 1800s– kamikaze, 1900s– kamikazi; also with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Japanese. Etymon: Japanese kamikaze. Etymology: < Japanese kamikaze, lit. ‘wind of the kami’ (see note) < kami kami n.¹ + kaze wind.Japanese kamikaze is attested earliest in its literal sense as an epithet of the major Shinto shrine at Ise (8th cent. in combinations); it is used later to denote either of the storms said to have destroyed the Mongol invading fleets in 1274 and 1281 (17th cent.; compare sense A. 1). From 1944, the kanji for this word were used in the name of some of the airborne ‘special attack units’ of the Japanese navy (compare senses A. 2 and B. 1), perhaps with allusion to the 13th-cent. storms said to have protected the country from (naval) invasion; in this context, the kanji were pronounced kamikaze in popular use from the beginning (compare quot. 1944 at sense B. 1a), although the military initially used the alternative pronunciation shinpū, which reflects the Chinese origin of the kanji. A. n. 1. In Japanese tradition: a powerful wind, said to be a gift from the gods (see kami n.¹); spec. either of the gales that destroyed the fleet of the invading Mongols in 1274 and 1281. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > Japanese wind of the gods kamikaze1896 1896 L. Hearn Kokoro x. 137 That mighty wind still called Kami-kazé,—‘the Wind of the Gods’, by which the fleets of Kublai Khan were given to the abyss. 1970 J. W. Hall Japan vii. 93 The ‘divine wind’ (kamikaze) which Japan's protective kami had generated against its enemies. 1992 C. Sprawson Haunts of Black Masseur (1993) viii. 288 A swarm of butterflies, blown over by some kamikaze or divine wind, collected..to follow the Japanese competitors. 2010 Time Out Tokyo i. 20 Attempted Mongol invasions in 1274 and 1281 were only driven back by stormy seas off Kyushu, something attributed to the kamikaze, or ‘wind of the gods’. 2. a. In the Second World War: a Japanese aircraft, typically loaded with explosives, which makes a deliberate suicidal crash into an enemy target, esp. a ship. Also (with the and plural agreement): a military unit of such aircraft. Now historical.The first kamikaze attacks were launched in October 1944, in the latter stages of the war. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [noun] > used in warfare > aircraft used in kamikaze attack kamikaze1944 Baka1945 1944 N.Y. Times 3 Nov. 3/2 The planes were described as practically flying bombs, carrying just enough fuel to reach their targets and named Kamikaze for the Japanese god of the winds. 1945 N. Y. Times 1 Jan. 12/2 The enemy has claimed major successes in recent months for his suicide fliers of the Kamikaze. 1945 Centralia (Illinois) Sentinel 14 Apr. 1/7 A Kamikaze swooped in, maintaining a long steady dive at the white-painted ship. 1954 Time 4 Jan. 67/1 Fleets of Kamikazes plunged out of the sky, their suicidal pilots aiming their bomb loads at the destroyers. 1959 Sunday Times 5 Apr. 13/5 The Kamikaze hit the bridge, killing thirty and wounding eighty-seven. 2011 Daily Tel. 13 July 29/6 On April 1 Indefatigable received a direct hit from a kamikaze which dived from 6,000ft. b. The pilot of a kamikaze aircraft (see sense A. 2a). Now historical. Also in extended use: a participant in a suicide mission, esp. a suicide bomber. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities in the air > airman > [noun] > fighter pilot > suicidal suicider1944 kamikaze1945 society > travel > air or space travel > people who fly in aircraft or spacecraft > [noun] > person in control of aircraft or spacecraft > person in control of aircraft > air force pilot > suicidal kamikaze1945 1945 Hutchinson (Kansas) News-Herald 16 Apr. 8/4 After a Kamikaze commits himself to a dive it is too late to change a decision or come back for another run. 1964 Sun-Herald (Sydney) 21 June 28/2 Three Australian guards and more than 200 kamikazes died. 1991 B. Anderson Girls High (1992) xiii. 161 A smiling Kamikaze tied his comrade's white headband as he sat in his cockpit... His hachimaki, said Senri pointing.—They were worn by samurai warriors. A symbol of coolness and courage. They all wore them on their last missions. 2001 N.Y. Times Mag. 25 Nov. 62/1 I interviewed Powell..four days before the hijack kamikazes hit the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. c. A person who acts in a reckless, hazardous, or potentially self-destructive way, esp. for a cause. ΚΠ 1971 Observer 28 Nov. 3/6 The stand of the kamikazes means that in any critical division the Government is assured of a working majority. 1987 J. Barth Tidewater Tales (1988) 526 Scheherazade was not one of your Shiite kamikazes: she wanted to straighten the king's head out..and protect herself. 1998 K. Sampson Extra Time 138 The truce lasts approximately three hours. Emboldened by a vicious combination of skunk and Amstel, the four kamikazes proceed to stand in front of the hurtling express train of fate and taunt it with bare fists. 2002 Trav. Afr. Winter 12/1 I've placed my life in the hands of these kamikazes with disturbing regularity for the last 15 years and they still scare me—..more than every other travel horror conventionally associated with Africa. 2012 FourFourTwo Oct. 12/4 Be full of confidence. You have to be. You can't worry; you have to be a Kamikaze to shoot a penalty. 3. Surfing. A reckless or dangerous way of surfing; spec. a usually deliberate wipeout (wipeout n. 2). Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > water sports except racing > surfing > [noun] > types of body surfing1908 hot-dogging1929 kamikaze1963 rollercoasting1968 boogie boarding1978 longboarding1982 kiteboarding1996 1963 Pix 28 Sept. 62/3 Kamikaze: riding the nose with the hands in cross across chest. 1967 J. Severson Great Surfing Gloss. Kamikaze, a planned wipe-out; taken on purpose with no hope of saving the board or avoiding the swim. 1970 Stud. in Eng. (Univ. Cape Town) 1 32 A kamikaze occurs when the surfer takes a wipe-out fair on the nose of his surfboard. 4. A cocktail made with vodka, orange-flavoured liqueur, and lime juice.In quot. 1979¹: a cocktail made with vodka and lime juice. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > distilled drink > cocktail > [noun] > vodka cocktail Bloody Mary1939 Moscow mule1944 screwdriver1948 vodka martini1953 vodkatini1955 Black Russian1957 White Russian1965 bloody1967 vodka Collins1969 Bloody Caesar1972 vodka gimlet1974 kamikaze1979 Sex on the Beach1986 caipiroska1990 appletini1997 1979 Chicago Tribune 31 Jan. v. 1/4 A kamikaze is made by filling a mixing glass with ice, pouring Stolichnaya vodka and a little Rose's lime juice. 1979 Ski Oct. 78/2 The Kamikaze. Mix 1½ oz. of vodka (keep in freezer), a dash of lime juice and a drop of Cointreau. Stir in ice, serve straight up. 1998 E. Jenkins Tongue First 21 One person prefers his kamikaze strong and iced, another likes hers neat with extra triple sec. 2015 Asbury Park (New Jersey) Press (Electronic ed.) 1 Feb. 3 He used to drink kamikazes and play Fats Domino's ‘I'm Ready’ on the jukebox. B. adj. 1. a. Designating a Japanese aircraft, pilot, or military unit whose purpose is to fly a suicide mission or missions (see senses A. 2a, A. 2b); (also) of or relating to a mission of this kind. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [adjective] > type of bomber heavy1921 kamikaze1944 interdictor1965 1944 Nippon Times 31 Oct. 1/8 The special Kamikaze Attack Corps attacked an enemy task force. 1946 Chem. & Engin. News 24 1030/2 The Army and Navy..provided protective [smoke] screens against the Kamikaze attack of the Japanese. 1956 A. H. Compton Atomic Quest iv. 225 Japan's one great new weapon was her ‘kamikaze’ planes, loaded with bombs and guided to their targets by heroic suicide pilots. 1960 Spectator 3 June 803 With the suicidal self confidence of kamikaze pilots ramming an aircraft-carrier. 1987 G. Tullock Autocracy 111 (note) In the Okinawa area alone there were about 2,000 Kamikazi sorties against U.S. Naval vessels. 2010 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 27 May 18/4 In World War II..Kamikaze squadrons were indeed called ‘cherry blossoms’. b. In extended use. Of, relating to, or involved in a suicide mission or missions resembling those carried out by Kamikaze pilots. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > [adjective] > other types of attack feigned1598 overvaulting1879 frontal1884 tip-and-run1891 hit and run1940 pre-emptive1941 banzai1945 surgical1965 kamikaze1966 1966 M. Sivaram Vietnam War ii. 25 The Vietcong agents seemed seized with kamikaze (suicide squad) fervor. 1974 Illustr. London News Feb. 25/3 Newspaper speculation that kamikaze dolphins, with explosives strapped to them, had been trained to ram and destroy enemy craft. 1996 L. Sigelman & A. Rosenblatt in D. C. Mutz et al. Polit. Persuasion & Attitude Change vii. 187 On October 23, 241 U.S. service personnel were blown up by a ‘kamikaze’ explosives-filled van driven by Arab terrorists. 2016 What Papers Say (Russia) (Nexis) 25 Jan. According to preliminary information, the bomb was actuated by a kamikaze terrorist. 2. figurative and in extended use. Reckless, dangerous; hazardous and potentially self-destructive. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > incautiousness > [adjective] > rash or reckless recklesseOE redmodOE unreckless?c1225 hastivec1300 racklec1300 testyc1374 rabbisha1387 temeraryc1410 temerous1461 rash1509 temerarious1532 hare-brained1548 temerarec1550 hare-brain1566 hot-spurred1573 overrash1577 hotspur1586 madcap1591 wretchless1598 Phaetontic1608 zeal-blind1615 Phaetontal1617 unresponsable1619 Phaetontical1630 phaetonicala1640 Phaetonic1708 hell-bent1731 harum-scarum1751 unresponsible1764 suicidal1768 rumgumptious1781 shy1787 devil-may-care1799 bullheaded1818 devil-may-carish1825 temeritous1892 kamikaze1952 1952 Life 21 Apr. 48/2 The storks made the most of their 6-to-1 odds and used kamikaze tactics. 1964 ‘J. H. Roberts’ Q Document (1965) viii. 198 The kamikaze cabs did not seem to be affected..by the condition of the streets. They followed the same erratic courses through the staggered lines of more cautious drivers. 1968 Evening Standard 29 Aug. 13/3 He developed a contempt for the kamikaze liberals who prefer glorious defeat to sensible accommodation. 1974 D. Seaman Bomb that could Lip-read xi. 88 The Royal Army Ordnance Corps—not normally looked upon as a kamikaze outfit—supplies two such [bomb disposal] units, the only ones in the whole British Army. 1986 R. Sproat Stunning the Punters 163 Tommy Bolt..got himself kneed in the cobblers by some berserk teenager on a kamikaze charge. 2005 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 3 Nov. 4/1 I was plunging through the heat, dust, eye-stinging pollution, and kamikaze traffic of Tehran. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1896
随便看	mosquito boat mosquito boot mosquito brigade mosquito bush mosquito canopy mosquito coil mosquito craft mosquito curtain mosquito door mosquito dope mosquito fire mosquito fish mosquito fleet mosquito fly mosquito gnat mosquito hawk mosquito larva mosquito net mosquito netting mosquito repellent mosquito room mosquito screen mosquito season mosquito state mosquito sting