kinn.1
/kɪn/, U.S. /kɪn/ I. Family, race, blood-relations.
1. † b. The family or descendants of a specified ancestor; offspring, progeny, posterity; = kind n. 11a, kindred n. 3c. Obsolete.† c. The group of persons formed by each stage of descent in a family or clan; a generation; = kind n. 11b, kindred n. 3a. Obsolete.† d. Genealogy, descent; = kind n. 12b, kindred n. 3d. Obsolete.
a. A group of persons descended from a common ancestor, and so connected by blood-relationship; a family, stock, clan; †in Old English also, people, nation, tribe (frequently with defining genitive, as Israela, Caldea cyn); = kind n. 11, kindred n. 3. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > relations or kindred > [noun]
kinc825
sibOE
kindredOE
sibness?a1300
kindc1325
affinity1357
cousinagea1382
cognationc1384
kinhoodc1440
kinsfolkc1450
evenkina1500
relation1502
kindsfolk1555
folks1715
cousinhood1748
loved onea1756
parentage1768
concerns1818
belonging1842
cousinry1844
cousinship1865
kinspeople1866
kinfolk1873
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > stock, race, or family > [noun]
kinc825
strindc900
maegtheOE
i-cundeeOE
birdeOE
houseOE
kindOE
kindreda1225
bloodc1300
strainc1330
lineage?a1366
generationa1382
progenya1382
stock1382
nationc1395
tribec1400
ligneea1450
lifec1450
family1474
prosapy?a1475
parentage1490
stirpc1503
pedigree1532
racea1547
stem?c1550
breed1596
progenies1673
familia1842
uji1876
c825 Vesp. Psalter lxxvii[i]. 8 Ne sien swe swe fedras heara, cyn ðuerh and bitur.
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xiv. 84 ge sint acoren kynn Gode.
OE Exodus 265 Him eallum wile mihtig drihten þurh mine hand to dæge þissum dædlean gyfan, þæt hie lifigende leng ne moton ægnian mid yrmðum Israhela cyn.
c1000 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 449 Of Iotum comon Cantwara..& þæt cyn on West Sexum þe man nu git hæt Iutna cynn.
a1175 Cott. Hom. 227 Þa wes hweðere an meȝie cynn [ Ælfric i. 24 mægð] þe nefer ne abeah to nane deofel ȝyld..and þes cenne [ Ælfric mægðe] god sælde and ȝesette ae.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 9137 So þat of þulke kunne þer nas þo no fere.
c1369 G. Chaucer Bk. Duchesse 438 By tho figuris mowe al ken..rekene and novmbre.
1604 S. Rowlands Looke to It 11 You that deny the stocke from whence you came, Thrusting your selfe into some Gentle kin.
1879 W. E. Hearn Aryan Househ. (new ed.) xii. 280 By the natural expansion of the Household kins are formed; and these kins in turn form within themselves smaller bodies of nearer kinsmen, intermediate..between the Household and the entire kin.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [noun] > collectively
bairn-teamc885
kinc950
seedOE
teamOE
offspringOE
kindOE
childrenc1175
lineage1303
generationa1325
issuea1325
successiona1340
kindredc1350
progenya1382
posterityc1410
sequelc1440
ligneea1450
posterior1509
genealogy1513
propagation1536
racea1547
postery1548
after-spring1583
bowela1593
afterworld1594
loin1608
descendance1617
succession1618
proles1640
descent1667
ramage1936
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. iii. 7 Cynn ætterna [L. progenies viperarum].
971 Blickl. Hom. 23 Hie wæron of Dauides cynnes strynde.
c1000 Ælfric Homilies II. 190 Ðin cynn [L. semen tuum] sceal ælðeodig wunian on oðrum earde.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 9837 We sinndenn abrahamess kinn & abrahamess chilldre.
c1320 Cast. Love 179 Alle the kynne that of hym come Shulde have the same dome.
1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 8 Than pray..That ȝe may be of Isackis kin.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [noun] > collectively > at each stage of descent
kinc825
kindredlOE
kindc1350
generationa1387
offspringa1400
race1562
c825 Vesp. Psalter lxxxiv. 6 Ne aðene ðu eorre ðin from cynne in cynn.
c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) lxxvii. 7 Þæt hi heora bearnum budun..and cinn oðrum cyðden.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 1464 Iaraeth, þat was þe fift kin fra seth.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11401 Þis writte was gett fra kin to kin.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > lineage or descent > [noun]
kinc892
strindc900
i-cundeOE
bloodOE
kindredOE
birtha1250
strainc1275
gesta1300
offspring?a1300
lineagea1330
descentc1330
linec1330
progenya1382
generationc1384
engendrurec1390
ancestry?a1400
genealogya1400
kind?a1400
stranda1400
coming?a1425
bedc1430
descencec1443
descension1447
ligneea1450
originc1450
family1474
originala1475
extraction1477
nativityc1485
parentelea1492
stirpc1503
stem?c1550
race1563
parentage1565
brood1590
ancientry1596
descendance1599
breeding1600
descendancy1603
delineation1606
extract1631
ancestory1650
agnation1782
havage1799
engendure1867
c892 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker MS.) ann. 716 Eawa [wæs] Pybing, þæs cyn is beforan awriten.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2059 Ne talde þeȝȝ nohht teȝȝre kinn..Bi wimmenn..& all forr þi wass cristess kinn..Bi iosæp reccnedd.
a1225 Leg. Kath. 464 Ȝef þu wult cnawen my cun, ich am kinges dohter.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14975 Of Ethelbright haue I told þe kyn.
2.
a. Ancestral stock or race; family. Usually without article and with descriptive adjective or noun, esp. in (come) of good (noble, etc.) kin; = kind n. 12a, kindred n. 4. Obsolete exc. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > ancestor > [noun] > ancestral stock or root
kinc1100
kindc1175
kindredc1200
rootc1330
stockc1393
stirp?1573
radix1651
source1670
c1100 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (MS. D) ann. 1067 Of geleaffullan & æðelan cynne heo wæs asprungon.
c1200 Vices & Virtues 7 Ȝif hie bieð of heiȝe kenne.
c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 1233 Þe leuedi of heiȝe kenne.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 442 What ys þy riȝte name; & of wat kyn þou ert y come tel me al þat soþe.
c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Add. MS.) ii. xci. 416 Some are prowde, that they come of noble kynne, and sayne they are Gentil~men.
1591 E. Spenser Teares of Muses in Complaints 345 Some one perhaps of gentle kin.
1856 J. Ballantine Poems 206 (E.D.D.) He comes o' gude kin.
b. by or of kin, by birth or descent. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > lineage or descent > [adverb]
originallya1398
by or of kinc1400
extractedlya1641
c1400 Chaucer's Melib. (Harl.) ⁋601 A free man by kyn [6 texts kynde] or burthe.
a1475 Bk. Curtasye (Sloane 1986) l. 13 in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 299 Yf he be gentylmon of kyn, The porter wille lede the to hym.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. aiiiiv I am your cousing of kyn.
1898 S. R. Crockett Standard Bearer 76 (E.D.D.) She was gentle of kin and breeding.
3. The group of persons who are related to one; one's kindred, kinsfolk, or relatives, collectively. (Now the chief sense.)
a. with possess. pronoun (rarely the).
ΚΠ
c875 Sax. Gen. in Old Eng. Texts 179 Ða wæs agan..ccc ond xcvi wintra ðæs ðe his cynn ærest westseaxna lond on walum geeodon.
971 Blickl. Hom. 175 For hwon wæron gyt swa treowlease, oþþe incer cynn.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 35 Ga to þine feder burinesse oðer þer eni of þine cunne lið in.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 253 Al þe kun þat him iseiȝ adde of him ioye.
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. i. 166 Vn-kuynde to heare kun and to alle cristene.
1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) iv. xxiii. 69 I mett in the weye moche dyuerse peple..my frendes and my kyn and also many other.
1549 R. Crowley Voyce Laste Trumpet sig. Avii Thy chylde. Nor any other of thy kynne.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. v. 111 One of thy kin has a most weake Pia-mater . View more context for this quotation
1700 J. Dryden tr. G. Boccaccio Theodore & Honoria in Fables 360 That Father, Mother, and the Kin beside, Were overborn by fury of the Tide.
1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fourth 31 Nor are our Brothers thoughtless of their Kin, Yet absent.
1807 G. Crabbe Parish Reg. iii, in Poems 123 His Kin suppos'd him dead.
1891 Blakiston in Colleges Oxford (1891) 329 Sir Thomas Pope..did not saddle [Trinity College] with any of the preferences for founder's-kin which proved fertile in litigation elsewhere.
b. Without article or pronoun. Now rare, except in kith and (or) kin: see kith n.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > [noun]
kinc1250
sib1890
kin group1942
c1250 Hymn to God 30 in Trin. Coll. Hom. App. 259 Fader forȝif vs..Al swo we doð..to freômede & kunne.
c1325 Chron. Eng. 92 in J. Ritson Anc. Eng. Metrical Romanceës (1802) II Bruyt hade muche folk with him, Bothe fremede and eke kun.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 4326 Þai spared nouthir kynn na kyth.
a1592 R. Greene Sc. Hist. Iames IV (1598) v. sig. I What? was I borne to bee the scorne of kinne?
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) i. i. 123 One onely Daughter haue I, no Kin else. View more context for this quotation
1836 W. Irving Astoria II. 63 One of those anomalous beings..who seem to have neither kin nor country.
c. Used of a single person: Kinsman, relative; = kindred n. 2b. archaic.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > [noun]
gadlingeOE
sibmanOE
friendOE
sibOE
siblingOE
kinsmanc1175
friendmana1200
kinc1200
cousinc1300
allyc1380
kindreda1450
parent?c1450
alliancec1475
lyance1502
relation1502
relate1651
relative1657
relator1665
family member1673
correlative1697
relater1702
rellie1921
rello1982
c1200 MS. Digby 59 in Symeon of Durham Opera (1868) 190 Sic dicimus vulgariter Nother kyn nor wyn, id est neque cognatum neque amicum.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10709 Hercne me Cador þu ært min aȝe cun.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6851 He wes heore cun & heore freond.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Ruth ii. 20 And eft she seith, Oure nyȝ kyn is the man.
c1475 Partenay 6278 Ny kyn he is to king off norway, For of Melusine discended all thay.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) v. i. 228 Of charity, what kinne are you to me? View more context for this quotation
1790 A. Shirrefs Poems 78 (E.D.D.) Were he a Laird, he'd be nae kin to me.
1864 A. C. Swinburne Atalanta 398 O sweetest kin to me in all the world.
d. In predicative use passing into adj. = Related, akin adj. (to). Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [adjective]
sibeOE
ysibbeOE
belengc1175
sibc1175
kinda1325
by-sybbec1440
evenkinc1450
of kin1486
sibbeda1500
akinc1515
kindred1530
allied1577
affined1586
cousin1590
kin1600
related1650
cognate1827
our1836
affinitative1855
relatival1899
the world > relative properties > relationship > [adjective] > related or connected
fastOE
of kin1486
akin1548
alliant1551
consortinga1592
kin1600
conjugate1605
consanguineousa1616
social1620
related1623
relatea1627
connex1653
cognate1655
agnate1686
contiguous1770
connected1789
allied1794
adjoining1869
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. ii. 104 Like those that are kin [1623 kinne] to the King. View more context for this quotation
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iii. iii. 175 One touch of nature makes the whole world kin, That all with one consent praise new-borne gaudes. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. iv. 114 Lawfull mercie, Is nothing kin to fowle redemption. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. i. 39 My sword and yours are kinne . View more context for this quotation
1695 W. W. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Extinctum 37 I do not find it any the least Kin to a Miracle.
1726 Four Years Voy. Capt. G. Roberts 9 It is next kin to an Impossibility..to have their Water brought out of the Country.
1788 T. Reid Aristotle's Logic ii. §2. 26 They are indeed Kin to each other.
1870 B. Disraeli Lothair I. ix. 59 But we are kin; we have the same blood in our veins.
4. The quality, condition, or fact of being related by birth or descent; kinship, relationship, consanguinity. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [noun] > blood-relationship
bloodOE
alliancec1325
consanguinityc1380
cognation1382
allyc1425
sanguinityc1470
kin1548
blood bond1645
kinship1786
blood relationship1793
blood affinity1820
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cxc He..rode in poste to his kynsman,..verefiyng the old prouerbe: kynne will crepe, where it maie no go.
1628 G. Wither Britain's Remembrancer i. 1161 The brother to the brother growes a stranger. There is no kin, but Cousnage.
1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. i. 75 'Cause Grace and Virtue are within Prohibited Degrees of Kin.
1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite ii, in Fables 29 Palamon, Whom Theseus holds in Bonds..Without a Crime, except his Kin to me.
1858 M. Oliphant Laird of Norlaw III. 156 The Mistress herself, after that first strange impulse of kin and kindness..relapsed into her usual ways.
II. Class, group, division.† 5. A large natural group or division of animals or plants, having presumably a common ancestry; the race (of men, fishes, etc.); a race (of plants); = kind n. 7. Obsolete.In Old English frequently as the second element in compounds, as déorcynn, fisccynn, fugolcynn, manncynn, wífcynn, etc.† 6. † b. In this sense, chiefly in a genitive phrase, dependent upon following noun. Cf. kind n. Phrases 3.In Old English the genitive might be either singular or plural, according to sense; e.g. ælces or gehwylces cynnes déor, animals of each or every kind, monigra cynna scipu, ships of many kinds, þreora cynna treowu, trees of three kinds. In Middle English, cynnes became kunnes, kynnes, kyns, kins; cynna became kunne, kynne, kyn, kin. For the latter the genitive singular was often substituted; and conversely, kynne, kin, appeared in the singular, esp. in the north, where it was probably viewed as an uninflected genitive, as in man son, fader broder, etc. The preceding adjectival word agreeing with kynnes, kins, dropped its genitive s somewhat early; sometimes it was transferred to kinnes, thus alle skynnes (= alles kynnes, alle kynnes), no skynnes, etc. Usually however the two words were at length combined, as in the later forms alkin(s, anykin(s, fele-kin(s, manykin(s, nokin(s or nakin(s, otherkin(s, sere-kin(s, swilkin(s, same-kin(s, thiskin(s, whilk-kin (hwil-kyn), whatkin(s. Few of these came down to 1500, though in the north whatkin is found in the 16th cent., and survives in Scottish and north English as what'n, beside siccan from swilk kin.The reduction of kin to its simple uninflected form may have been assisted by the equivalent use of manere (manner n.) from Old French, which is thus found, as threo maner men = men of three kinds or sorts. In this, at an early period, we find of inserted: an manere of fisce, al maner o suet spices, the syntactical relation between the words being thus reversed, and although this appears to have rarely extended to kin itself, it affected its later representative kind, also sort, species, etc., so that we now say ‘all kinds of things’ = things of all kinds. This may have been facilitated by the fact that in the order of the words (as distinct from their syntactical relation) ‘al kins thinges’ is more closely represented by ‘all kinds of things’ than by ‘things of all kind’. See kind n., manner n., sort n.2, etc., and, for the special combinations of kin with preceding adjective, alkin adj., any kin adj., etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [noun] > phylum
kin971
kindOE
genus1649
phylum1868
971 Blickl. Hom. 5 Seo æreste modor þyses menniscan cynnes.
971 Blickl. Hom. 83 Him biþ beforan andweard eal engla cynn & manna cynn.
a1000 Boeth. Metr. xi. 67 Merestream ne dear ofer eorðan sceat eard gebrædan fisca cynne.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 97 He walde monna cun on þisse deie isundian.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 22084 Alle mannis kin he [sc. the Antichrist] salle for-do.
a. A class (of persons, animals, or things) having common attributes; a species, sort, kind; = kind n. 8. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] > a kind, sort, or class
kinc950
kindOE
distinction?c1225
rowc1300
spece1303
spice1303
fashionc1325
espicec1386
differencea1398
statec1450
sort?1523
notion1531
species1561
vein1568
brood1581
rank1585
order1588
race1590
breed1598
strain1612
batch1616
tap1623
siege1630
subdivision1646
notionality1651
category1660
denomination1664
footmark1666
genus1666
world1685
sortment1718
tribe1731
assortment1767
description1776
style1794
grouping1799
classification1803
subcategory1842
type1854
basket1916
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xvii. 21 Ðis soðlice cynn ne bið fordrifen buta ðerh gebedd and fæstern.
c960 Rule St. Benet (Schröer) i. 9 Feower synt muneca cyn. Ðæt forme is mynstermonna..Oþer cyn is ancrena.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 135 Feole cunne beoð of weldede.
a1250 Owl & Nightingale 1396 Hi beoþ tweire cunne.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 488 Many Fysches of kynes sere.
1500 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 450 Any kinnes of corne bought for merchandise.
ΚΠ
a900 Old Eng. Martyrol. 18 Apr. 58 Monigra cyna wil deor.
971 Blickl. Hom. 63 Þreora cynna syndon morþras.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 51 Þer wunieð fower cunnes wurmes inne.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 79 Alles cunnes wilde deor.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 9759 An kinness neddre..Iss uipera ȝehatenn.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2260 Onn alle kinne wise.
a1250 Owl & Nightingale 886 Mi muth haveth tweire kunne salve.
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. x. 2 A Castel..I-mad of foure kunne [v.rr. foure skenis, skynnes, kynnes] þinges.
c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame iii. 440 Alle skynnes condiciouns.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 27901 It es funden bodili Foure-kin maner [a1425 Galba fowrkins maners] of glotony.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 12346 Alle þai..honoured him on þaire kin wise.
c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) lxi. 254 He shall telle yow what kynne tidynges that he hathe browte.
c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) lxix. 316 What kynnys treson is þis?
15.. Sir A. Barton in Surtees Misc. (1888) 68 Ye wott not what kine a man he is.
1572 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxiii Counterfuting hir in all kin things.
III. Gender.† 7. Gender; sex; = kind n. 16. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > sex and gender > [noun]
i-cundeOE
kinc1000
birtha1250
kinda1382
c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) vi. 18 Æfter gecynde syndon twa cyn on namum..werlic and wiflic.
c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 144 Þæt þu meht witan on bearn-eacenum wife hwæþeres cynnes bearn heo cennan sceal.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3057 Till eȝȝþerr kinn onn eorþe. Till weppmann. & till wifmann kinn.
Phrases
P1. of kin = akin adj.: Related by blood-ties. Also, Related in character or qualities.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [adjective]
sibeOE
ysibbeOE
belengc1175
sibc1175
kinda1325
by-sybbec1440
evenkinc1450
of kin1486
sibbeda1500
akinc1515
kindred1530
allied1577
affined1586
cousin1590
kin1600
related1650
cognate1827
our1836
affinitative1855
relatival1899
the world > relative properties > relationship > [adjective] > related or connected
fastOE
of kin1486
akin1548
alliant1551
consortinga1592
kin1600
conjugate1605
consanguineousa1616
social1620
related1623
relatea1627
connex1653
cognate1655
agnate1686
contiguous1770
connected1789
allied1794
adjoining1869
1486 in Surtees Misc. (1888) 47 For my sake and othre unto whome he is of kin.
1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 2 These fower gentlemen being of kin, and neere neighbors.
1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 89 Man is of kinne to the beasts by his body, and if he bee not of kin to God by his spirit, he is a base and ignoble creature.
1642 T. Fuller Holy State iv. xix. 339 Kings, how nearly soever allied, are most of kinne to their own interest.
1741 A. Monro Anat. Human Bones (ed. 3) 306 The Bones of the toes are much of kin [1782 a-kin] to those of the Thumb and Fingers.
1877 J. C. Geikie Life & Words Christ II. lvi. 429 You are of kin in heart to the prophet-murderers!
P2. near of kin, closely related. ? Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [adjective] > closely
nareOE
nighOE
neara1375
necessarya1382
germanea1449
native1488
near of kin1491
tender1508
near akinc1515
cousin1590
affine1614
own1671
tight-knit1832
1491 Act 7 Hen. VII c. 22 Preamble They be ner of kyn.
1611 Bible (King James) Ruth ii. 20 The man is neere of kin vnto vs. View more context for this quotation
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xix. 101 The neerer of kin, is the neerer in affection.
1763 A. Tucker Freewill §27. 119 This probability, being so near of kin to certainty.
1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. xiv. 219 The uncle is certainly nearer of kin to the common stock, by one degree, than the nephew.
P3. next (†nearest) of kin, most closely related; chiefly absol. the person (or persons) standing in the nearest degree of blood-relationship to another, and entitled to share in his personal estate in case of intestacy.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > [noun] > close relative > next of kin
next friendeOE
cousinc1425
next (nearest) of kin1548
1426 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 76 My brethren and my sustren and next of my kyn.
1540 Sc. Acts Jas. V, c. 40 (1814) II. 377/2 Þe nearest of þe kin to succeid to þaim sall haue þair gudis.]
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. ciiijv The next of kynne to the lord Cawny chalenged the enheritaunce.
c1600 K. Leir in Percy's Reliques Being dead, their crowns they left Unto the next of kin.
1695 Sc. Acts Will. III c. 72 In the Case of a moveable Estate left by a defunct, and falling to his nearest of kin.
1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 501 Till process hath first issued to call in the widow, or next of kin, to contest it.
1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 65 For the next of kin it was argued, that the estate was to be sold out and out.
1881 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 198/1 The next of kin must be ascertained according to the rules of consanguinity.
Compounds
C1. General attributive.
a.
kin-bond n.
ΚΠ
1890 C. Gross Gild Merchant I. 169 When the old kin-bond (the ‘maegth’) dissolved, various new institutions arose.
kin-marriage n.
ΚΠ
1881 E. B. Tylor in Academy 9 Apr. 265 Exogamy is connected both with wife-capture and with barring kin-marriage.
b.
kin-sphere n.
ΚΠ
1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 268 Fear The fate of your kin-sphere.
C2. † kin-rest n. Obsolete a general cessation from labour (with reference to the Jewish sabbatical year).
kinfolk n. chiefly U.S. = kinsfolk n.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > relations or kindred > [noun]
kinc825
sibOE
kindredOE
sibness?a1300
kindc1325
affinity1357
cousinagea1382
cognationc1384
kinhoodc1440
kinsfolkc1450
evenkina1500
relation1502
kindsfolk1555
folks1715
cousinhood1748
loved onea1756
parentage1768
concerns1818
belonging1842
cousinry1844
cousinship1865
kinspeople1866
kinfolk1873
1873 ‘M. Twain’ & C. D. Warner Gilded Age ii. 33 No father, no mother, no kin folks of no kind.
1947 S. J. Perelman Westward Ha! (1949) xii. 153 We managed to unsnarl our respective kinfolk.
1959 Listener 24 Dec. 1128/1 They [sc. the Bwamba] were organized into self-contained patrilineal villages, consisting of a group of male kinfolk with their wives and children.
1964 Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 8 Apr. (1970) 103 I had asked Mrs. MacArthur and her son, and the Ambassador and all the kinfolks, to stop by the White House to warm up and have a cup of tea.
1970 Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 21 Mar. c 2/1 Two willing young women have started ‘The Bride's Workshoppe’ to cope with everything from choosing a gown to picking up kinfolk at the airport.
1973 Publishers Weekly 20 Aug. 75/3 He was always surrounded by affectionate and eccentric kinfolk.
kin group n. a group of people related by blood or marriage.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > [noun]
kinc1250
sib1890
kin group1942
1942 A. R. Johnson One & Many in Israelite Conception God 25 The conception of the individual may not be dissociated from that of his kin-group (conceived in ever-widening circles of relationship).
1951 R. Firth Elements Social Organization ii. 55 Differential family growth..affects the control of wealth by kin groups.
1957 E. Bott Family & Social Network v. 117 Bilateral descent cannot give rise to enduring corporate kin groups.
1970 G. A. Theodorson & A. G. Theodorson Mod. Dict. Sociol. 220 Kin group, a group united by ties of blood or marriage.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > work > times or periods of work > [noun] > general cessation of labour
kin-rest1532
1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer i. f. cccxxxv I pray that..this eighteth [yere] mowe to me bothe be kynrest and masseday after the seuen werkedayes of trauayle.
Draft additions April 2011
kin selection n. Biology a form of natural selection in which characteristics that may be disadvantageous to an individual, such as sterility in worker insects or altruistic behaviour, can persist or increase in the population if they contribute to the survival and reproduction of the individual's close genetic relatives; cf. group selection n. at group n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > evolution > [noun] > selection
natural selection1842
selection1857
survival of the fittest1864
selection value1892
organic selection1896
post-selection1896
orthoselection1907
survival value1912
kin selection1964
r selection1967
1964 J. Maynard Smith in Nature 14 Mar. 1145/2 By kin selection I mean the evolution of characteristics which favour the survival of close relatives of the affected individual, by processes which do not require any discontinuities in the population breeding structure.
1976 R. Dawkins Selfish Gene (1981) vi. 101 Kin selection accounts for within-family altruism; the closer the relationship, the stronger the selection.
1995 New Scientist 25 Nov. 56/1 The geneticist J. B. S. Haldane was the first to suggest that altruistic sacrifice would make sense if it ensured the survival of two of your offspring or, say, eight cousins, because your genes would survive in them. This is called kin selection.
2006 R. Joyce Evol. Morality ii. 45 The unquestionable importance of the mother-child relation is sufficient for us to conclude..that kin selection was an important force in our heritage.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
kinn.2
/kɪn/, U.S. /kɪn/ northern dialect.
A crack, chink, or slit; esp. (a) a chasm or fissure in the earth; (b) a chap or crack in the skin.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > chasm or cleft
chinec1050
earth-chinea1300
kinc1330
chimneyc1374
haga1400
riftc1400
refta1425
dungeonc1475
rupturec1487
gaping1539
rent1603
chasm1621
abrupt1624
hiulcitya1681
clove1779
score1790
strid1862
fent1878
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > chap or crack
rhagadesOE
chap1398
chine1398
rupture?a1425
chapping1540
rift1543
chame1559
cleft1576
chop1578
crepature1582
cone1584
chink1597
fent1597
chawn1601
star1607
hacka1610
kin1740
sand-crack1895
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 1720 Þey leye in dykes & in kynes [rhyme Peyteuyns].
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 13976 In chynes [v.r. kynnes], in creuesses, & in semes.
1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. vi. 244 Subject to what's called a Kin, or Crack in the lower Lip.
1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. 92/1 Kinns, chinks and crevices in rocks, or breaks in the skin of the human body.
1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Kins, Keens, cracks in the hands caused by frost.
Derivatives
kin v. to chap or crack.
ΚΠ
1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words at Keen The hands are said to be keened with the frost, when the skin is broken or cracked, and a sore induced.
kinned adj. cracked, chapped; chilblained.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [adjective] > chapped or cracked
chipped1495
chappeda1500
chopped1549
hummelled1597
hummel1601
chapping1610
seamy1776
hacked1788
chappy1833
chippy1851
kinned1855
soda-chapped1922
1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 96 ‘Kinn'd hands’, chopped hands. ‘Kinn'd feet’, chilblained feet.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1901; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
kinv.
/kɪn/, U.S. /kɪn/ English regional and U.S. regional (esp. in African-American usage).
= can v.1
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > be able to [verb (intransitive)] > is or are able to or capable of
mayeOE
willeOE
willa1475
kin1875
1875 Independent (N.Y.) 2 Sept. 25/4 I'll bet you I kin ride um.
1880 J. C. Harris Uncle Remus: Songs & Sayings i. 20 I speck de ole 'oman en de chilluns kin..git up sump'n fer ter stay yo' stummuck.
1880 E. L. Wheeler Boss Bob, King of Bootblacks vii. 9/1 I kin get lots o' jobs, if I'd take my pay in friendship an' all sech lollygag.
1894 F. D. Banks in Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 7 148 Ef she can look him squar in de face when she talks to him, den she kin be trusted.
1936 M. Mitchell Gone with the Wind v. 77 You kin allus tell a lady by dat she eat lak a bird.
1952 V. Wilkins King Reluctant i. iii. 46 I kin 'spicion wat Miz Fell gwine ter say.
1964 J. H. Clarke Harlem 263 Don' sent fer m'gal 'n Alabama, So she kin marry me.
1967 in A. Dundes Mother Wit (1973) 272/1 She kin throw 'em out the window.
1973 Black World Oct. 58/2 How much kin you like Boston when you used to the Bayou?
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1976; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
> see also
also refers to : -kinsuffix
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n.1c825
n.2c1330
v.1875see also