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单词 absurd
释义

absurdadj.n.

Brit. /əbˈsəːd/, /əbˈzəːd/, U.S. /əbˈsərd/, /æbˈsərd/, /əbˈzərd/, /æbˈzərd/
Forms: 1500s–1600s absurde, 1500s– absurd, 1600s obsurd.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French absurde; Latin absurdus.
Etymology: < Middle French, French absurde (adjective) unreasonable, contrary to common sense (late 14th cent.; beginning of the 13th cent. in Old French as absorde ), (noun) (with indefinite article) something absurd, an absurdity (16th cent.), (with definite article) the absurd, absurdity (17th cent.) and its etymon classical Latin absurdus out-of-tune, discordant, awkward, uncouth, uncivilized, preposterous, ridiculous, inappropriate < ab- ab- prefix + surdus surd adj. With use as noun compare classical Latin absurda , neuter plural (Quintilian). Compare earlier absurdity n.Compare Occitan absurde , absurdo , Catalan absurd (1653), Spanish absurdo (c1400), Portuguese absurdo (1589), Italian assurdo (beginning of the 14th cent.). In sense B. 1b in philosophy after French l'absurde (1942 or earlier in this sense) in the writings of Albert Camus.
A. adj.
1.
a. Of a thing: against or without reason or propriety; incongruous, unreasonable, illogical.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > foolishness, folly > absurdity, incongruity > [adjective]
impertinenta1425
royeta1522
absurd1531
preposterous1533
ridiculous1533
deaf?1541
monstrous?1549
fabulous1561
fanatical1598
fantastical1600
laughable1600
fantasticc1616
nonsense1621
arsy-versy1628
absonous1642
nonsensical1645
ridicule?1669
fancical1671
grotesque1747
rich1836
saugrenu1876
laughsome1884
cockeyed1894
hilarious1925
Rube Goldberg1928
whimsy-whamsy1931
Rube Goldbergian1933
cockamamie1941
fantasticated1960
fanciful-
1531 tr. E. Fox et al. Determinations Moste Famous Vniuersities vi. f. 125 The whiche .ij. thynges, it is euident & playne, that they be most absurde, and as moche agaynst all reason as can be.
1557 R. Record Whetstone of Witte sig. Bbiiiv 8−12 is an Absurde nomber. For it betokeneth lesse then nought by 4.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. ii. 103 Fie, tis a fault to heauen, A fault against the dead, a fault to nature, To reason most absurd . View more context for this quotation
1671 J. Webster Metallographia i. 5 That they had no other skill but onely to embalm, were absurd to imagine.
1782 W. Cowper Hope in Poems 144 'Tis grave philosophy's absurdest dream, That Heav'n's intentions are not what they seem.
1878 W. S. Jevons Polit. Econ. 36 It would be quite absurd if a dozen travellers in one party were to light a dozen separate fires, and cook a dozen separate meals.
1920 C. Carswell Open Door! i. i. 10 The familiar, absurd thought came to her that she was perhaps a changeling or foster-child in the Bannerman family.
1956 J. R. Newman World of Math. III. xiv. 1934 A paradox is defined as a statement either seemingly or essentially absurd.
2006 Y. Lurie Tracking Meaning of Life iv. xxviii. 283 If he were to confess that the stamp collection gives meaning to his entire life, I might regard him as..someone who renders his life meaningful in an absurd fashion.
b. Of a person: acting in an incongruous, unreasonable, or illogical manner.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > foolishness, folly > absurdity, incongruity > [adjective] > of persons
absurda1576
impertinent1613
goonish1921
a1576 E. Dering XXVII Lect. Epist. Hebrues (1577) xiv. 249 We know they are not ye church, but an absurde people.
1592 T. Nashe Strange Newes G iij [Stannyhurst] had neuer been praisd by Gabriel for his labour, if therein hee had not bin so famously absurd.
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 281 Use also, such Persons, as affect the Businesse, wherin they are Employed..Froward and Absurd Men for Businesse that doth not well beare out it Selfe.
1671 T. Tenison Let. 6 Apr. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1970) VII. 556 Neither am I so absurd as to deny that there is one substance a greater disposition to their Ternarie of productions, then in an other.
1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. iii. 178 The next day after that Argument, Sr Arthur Haslerig..an absurd, bold man..preferr'd a Bill in the House of Commons.
1744 J. Harris Three Treat. iii. i. 161 Is not Education capable of..making us greatly Wise, or greatly Absurd?
1873 W. Black Princess of Thule ii. 23 ‘My dear fellow,’ said Ingram, at last, ‘don't be absurd.’
1919 W. De Morgan Old Madhouse xxxii. 510 That absurd girl of mine..came away from Paris by herself and hasn't been heard of since!
2003 M. Bragg Adventure of Eng. (2004) x. 114 Absurd situations and absurd circumstances and absurd people.
2. Music. Inharmonious, jarring, out of tune. Cf. absurdity n. 1. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > [adjective] > inharmonious or unmelodious
discordanta1425
jarring1552
dissonant1573
tuneless1595
discordous1597
immelodious1601
discord1606
absurd1617
unharmoniousa1634
scrannel1638
unmelodious1665
disharmonious1683
disharmonical1688
unharmonic1694
dissonous1715
inharmonious1715
disconsonant1731
anti-musical1824
ear-sore1859
tin-kettley1862
cacophonous1867
unnoted1867
callithumpian1886
tinny1904
crunchy1959
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > tuning or intonation > [adjective] > out of tune
distonedc1400
distunedc1484
mistonedc1500
untuned1592
false1597
absurd1617
mistuneda1684
off-keya1918
sour1937
off-pitch1945
1617 Janua Linguarum 773 A harpe maketh not an absurd sound.
3. Causing amusement or derision; ridiculous, silly.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > fact or condition of being mocked or ridiculed > [adjective] > ridiculous
gamelyOE
jape-worthyc1374
foolisha1500
ridiculous1533
ludibrious1570
laughable1600
mockablea1616
laughworthy1616
ludicral1656
derisible1657
absurd1716
grotesque1747
tomfool1762
irrisible1767
ludicrous1782
deridable1804
saugrenu1876
screwy1887
derisive1896
josh1908
nutty1915
derisory1923
dingbat1935
bonkers1961
joky1964
1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 14 Sept. (1965) I. 265 Even the..Empresse her selfe is oblig'd to comply..with these absurd Fashions.
1814 W. Scott Waverley III. vii. 89 Flora, observing the Lowland ladies sneer at the comparison, produced some reasons to shew that it was not altogether so absurd . View more context for this quotation
1842 W. M. Thackeray in Punch 3 142 It is always a comfort to read of these absurd vapouring vainglorious Frenchmen obtaining a beating.
1916 H. G. Wells Mr. Britling sees it Through i. ii. 56 The aunt-like lady..stood out amidst these levities in a black silk costume with a gold chain. She refused, it seemed, to make herself absurd.
1988 M. Bradbury Unsent Lett. 94 He recalls Auden walking down the Broad in Oxford in an absurd felt hat, while the girls sniggered at him.
2009 I. Crawford Catered Birthday Party ii. 57 All this hoopdedoo for a dog. Ridiculous. Absolutely absurd.
4. = absurdist adj. Cf. sense B. 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > existentialism > [adjective] > of or relating to other doctrines and their adherents
protentional1931
Kierkegaardian1943
absurd1946
Sartrean1948
absurdist1951
pataphysical1961
1946 Kenyon Rev. 8 675 In L'Etranger the aridity has a more commonplace setting, and the author's failure to demonstrate the beauties of the ‘absurd’ life is more incidental.
1986 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 27 Aug. c5 So many of the conventions of absurd theatre have been co-opted by comedy now, it's tempting to think the avant-garde may be passé.
1997 J. Birkett & J. Kearns Guide French Lit. viii. 266 To a culture still committed to rationalist and religious absolutes and to notions of essential structures and unchanging truths, Absurd drama presented the liberating alternative of an Absurd universe.
2007 P. Codde Jewish Amer. Novel vi. 108 Her brush with the absurd has made her realize that the best defense against an absurd cosmos is an attitude of total indifference.
B. n.
1. With the.
a. That which is absurd; absurdity.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > foolishness, folly > absurdity, incongruity > [noun]
wantonnessc1405
absurdity1529
monstruousness1545
impertinency1573
ridiculousness1573
monstrousness1574
absurd1581
absurdness1582
incongruity1597
fancy1598
delirium1599
monstruosity1604
absurdum1606
foppishness1611
impertinence1616
nonsense1630
impertinentness1645
irrationality1647
monstrosity1651
nonsensicality1652
ridicule1668
ridicule1672
nonsensicalness1674
maggotry1706
preposterousness1727
zanyship1766
ridiculosity1773
drollness1823
stultification1832
nonsensity1834
farcicality1849
cockeyedness1858
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius ii. f. 244v And this doth Paule fittly and applyably enough, to witte, deducyng an Argument, from the reason which leadeth to the absurde.
1853 C. Brontë Villette III. xxx. 20 I was afraid, if I stirred, I should either laugh or cry; so odd, in all this, was the mixture of the touching and the absurd.
1893 Engin. Mag. 5 657 The rotunda of the Government building is a miracle of the absurd in architecture.
1909 M. H. Dziewicki in J. Wyclif De Ente ii. i. v. 96 (margin) The absurd, being nothing, cannot even be thought by God.
1993 S. Milligan & A. Clare Depression & how to survive It (1994) Introd. 4 Milligan's manic punning, deliriously fertile imagination and anarchic sense of the absurd had fuelled the rise of The Goon Show.
2006 Daily Tel. 8 Mar. 25/4 One psychotherapist treated her shame [after being raped] as verging on the absurd.
b. spec. Frequently with capital initial. The chaotic and purposeless nature of the universe, and the futility of human attempts to make sense of it. Cf. Theatre of the Absurd n. at theatre n. 3f(c), absurdism n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > existentialism > [noun] > absurdism or concept of the absurd
absurd1946
absurdism1948
1946 M. Lowry Let. 2 Jan. in Sursum Corda! (1995) I. 520 These characters are in one way ‘Things’, as that French philosopher of the Absurd fellow has it.
1954 H. Read Anarchy & Order 13 He [sc. Albert Camus] suggested a philosophy of the absurd, and his subsequent work..has been an affirmation of ‘absurdism’ in politics and ethics, as well as in metaphysics.
1966 Listener 6 Oct. 515/1 Telly of the Absurd is a new experience.
1998 R. Poole in A. Hannay & G. D. Marino Cambr. Compan. Kierkegaard 56 The Absurd in Kierkegaard might best be seen as a category introduced to make livable something that is unthinkable.
2. An unreasonable thing, act, or statement; an absurdity. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > foolishness, folly > absurdity, incongruity > [noun] > instance of
follyc1300
absurditya1525
mumpsimus1531
trim-tram1533
foppery1546
ridicle1570
fangle1583
delirium1599
monstruosity1601
adox1606
absurd1610
extravagancy1625
incongruitya1626
monstrosity1639
extravagant1644
extravagance1650
ridiculea1658
fadoodlea1670
ridiculous1674
irrationalitya1680
ridiculosity1773
whimsy-whamsy1807
absurdism1815
nonsensity1834
nonsensical1842
nonsensicalitya1850
fandango1856
fandangle1880
bollock1919
1610 Histrio-mastix ii. 264 Our heavenly poesie, That sacred off-spring from the braine of Jove, Thus to be mangled with prophane absurds.
1635 T. Heywood Hierarchie Blessed Angells v. 292 Of which Absurds, I'le make no more narration.
1710 L. Milbourne Moderate Cabal 42 They'd soon believe a Tribe inur'd to Blood, Might be by Priests, on Knight, or Lord, halloo'd; Would ne'er consider Possibilities, Nor what Absurds; from their Suppose, would rise.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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adj.n.1531
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