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1968 P. M. Hirsch et al. Digital Holograms & Kinoforms in IBM Technical Symposium on Laser Applic., Sept. 1968 (typescript) 244 Our efforts have been in making digital holograms and a new kind of imaging element, which we call a kinoform.

1969 L. B. Lesem et al. in IBM Jrnl. Res. & Devel. XIII. 150/1 The kinoform is a new, computer-generated wave~front reconstruction device which, like the hologram, provides the display of a three-dimensional image. In contrast, however, the illuminated kinoform yields a single diffraction order and, ideally, all the incident light is used to reconstruct this one image.

1969 L. B. Lesem et al. in IBM Jrnl. Res. & Devel. XIII. 151/2 Unlike the making of holograms, which can be physical recordings of actual wavefront interference patterns.., it does not appear possible to create a kinoform using completely optical techniques.

1970 Physics Bull. Nov. 493/1 Kinoforms, like digital holograms, are also made by calculating the wavefront scattered from the numerically defined object, but instead of adding in a reference beam, the amplitude of the scattered wavefront is assumed constant. A photographic plot of the phase distribution (mod 2π) is made, and translated into a phase plate.

1970 Physics Bull. Nov. 495/2 Kinoforms can be used as arbitrarily shaped phase plates in lens applications.