audiencen.

Brit.

/ˈɔːdɪəns/, U.S.

/ˈɔdiəns/,

/ˈɑdiəns/

Forms: Middle English audiense, Middle English avdenes, Middle English awdiens, Middle English eudyence (probably transmission error), Middle English–1500s audiens, Middle English–1500s audyens, Middle English–1500s awdyence, Middle English–1600s audyence, Middle English– audience, 1500s awdience, 1500s awdyens, 1500s awdyense, 1600s audyense, 1600s–1700s audiance; Scottish pre-1700 audiens, pre-1700 audyence, pre-1700 audyens, pre-1700 awdience, pre-1700 awdiens, pre-1700 awdyence, pre-1700 awdyens, pre-1700 1700s– audience.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French audience; Latin audientia.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French audience (French audience ) range or sphere of hearing (second half of the 12th cent. in Old French, earliest in en audience audibly; obsolete after the early 18th cent.), formal interview or hearing (a1280 or earlier; end of the 13th cent. or earlier in specific sense ‘judicial hearing’), attention (1309), opportunity to be heard at a formal interview (1316), lecture (1372 in an apparently isolated attestation), room where formal hearings are held, courtroom (1452; obsolete after the Middle French period), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin audientia act of listening, attention, body of listeners, in post-classical Latin also judicial hearing (5th cent.), hearing (granted to petitioner), interview (13th cent. in a British source) < audient- , audiēns , present participle of audīre to hear (see audit n.) + -ia -ia suffix¹; compare -ence suffix.Cognates and parallels. Compare Old Occitan audiensa , audienza , audiencia , audiensia , etc. (c1140), Catalan audiència (14th cent.), Spanish audiencia (14th cent.), Portuguese audiência (1340), Italian udienza (end of the 13th cent.; also, with alteration after the Latin etymon, †audienza (1348)); also Old Frisian audientie (only in audientie jeva : see to give audience (to) at Phrases 1; West Frisian audiinsje ), Middle Dutch audienche , audiencie , audientie (Dutch audiëntie ), Middle Low German audiencie , German Audienz (early 15th cent. as †audientz ), Swedish audiens (1537 as †audientz ), Danish audiens (attested from the early modern period). Compare also Anglo-Norman oance , Old French, Middle French oiance act of listening, attention (second half of the 12th cent., originally and chiefly in en oiance audibly, within earshot; < oir to hear (see oyer and terminer n.) + -ance -ance suffix), Old Occitan auzensa (c1140). Specific sense developments. The senses of branch II., denoting a group of people, are not paralleled in French until later than in English (1585, originally with reference to the hearers of a lecture). In sense 5 after Spanish audiencia (a1550 in senses 5a and 5b; in sense 5a also more fully audiencia real).

I. The action or scope of hearing; a hearing.

†1.

a. The action, practice, or fact of holding a judicial hearing or hearings. Also: the opportunity to have a case or complaint heard in a formal assembly or court of law. Obsolete. in audience: in the context of a judicial hearing; in court.In early use sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 3b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > judicial hearing

audiencea1387

audit1598

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 435 Þe emperour wolde have i-dampned hym wiþ oute audience.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 5145 The querele in audience Declared was in the presence Of themperour and many mo.

c1405 (c1380) G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 466 Lo, he dissimuleth heere in audience.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 4861 (MED) Þou woldest..Þi silfe excuse here in audience, As þou knewe nouȝt of þat offence.

a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 1649 That thi puple have awdiens With thar complantis.

1641 Bp. J. Hall Def. Humble Remonstr. xii. 87 That continuall audience of causes, daily brought before that great Prelate.

a1742 C. Wheatly Fifty Serm. (1746) II. x. 192 The Office of an Advocate is to demand Audience and Sentence in a judicial Way.

1761 tr. Frederician Code I. p. xxi Advocates..are bound to prepare the cause, and to appear on the days of audience of the court of judicature.

b. An assembly gathered for a formal (judicial) hearing or inquiry; a court; spec. = Court of Audience n. at Phrases 3. Also: a hearing held in such a context; a trial or formal inquiry. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > archbishop's court > [noun]

audiencec1451

Court of Audience1467

Audience Court1593

prerogative1604

prerogative court1604

prerogative office1648

officiality1742

commissariat1762

c1451 J. Capgrave Life St. Gilbert (1910) 94 (MED) Þis cause..schuld be differred fro hem to þe kyngis audiens.

a1460 in Norfolk Archaeol. (1929) 23 54 That ye wylle send me an Inhybycyon out of ye Audyence of my lord of Cauntyrbury.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 95 But Sokne is seide otherwhile an interpellacion of a moore grete audience [a1387 St. John's Cambr. court; L. audientiæ].

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) viii. l. 1584 Fra his [sc. Balliol's] cowrt and his prosses Þis Makduf appellit for þi... His helpe and his defens He taulde it til þe audiens Off Edwarde, þat þat tyme wes regnande Kynge..in Inglande.

1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII xxxi Constrained for appeles to resort to the audience of Canturbury.

1669 E. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia 329 Audiences Judicial, when the actions of any Bishop should be called in question.

1695 tr. G. de Courtilz de Sandras Life John Baptist Colbert 118 There being also an Audience at the Court..at the very same Hour, 'tis impossible for the Advocates..to be present in all those places at once.

a. The range or sphere of hearing (of a person or group of people); (also) the capacity (of a person or group) to hear or attend to something. Chiefly in in a person's audience: in a person's hearing. archaic and rare in later use.See also in open (also general) audience at Phrases 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > [noun]

hearingc1230

audiencea1393

audition1656

autophony1871

phonoreception1940

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 669 To speke upon Astronomie..Som part I thenke to declare, Mi Sone, unto thin Audience.

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) viii. l. 3549 He..said in al þar audiens.

1534 J. Fewterer tr. U. Pinder Myrrour Christes Passion f. lxxiii^v Annas moued vnto Christ an vnwyse..question before and in the audience of all the people that were there present.

1651 T. Fuller et al. Abel Redevivus 255 And uttereth these words, in the audience of the congregation.

1654 D. Dickson Brief Explic. Last 50 Psalmes 305 A heart enlarged with the sense of Gods Majesty..will not stand to..proclaim Gods truth..in the audience of the greatest men on the earth.

1734 J. Hunt Ess. Hist. & Revelations of Script. 103 Abraham again bowing himself before the people of the land, spake to Ephron in their audience.

1776 G. Campbell Philos. of Rhetoric II. iii. ii. 292 This champion had given an open defiance to Israel..in the audience of all the army.

1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision III. xxiv. 109 Thou in his audience shouldst thereof discourse.

2003 M. Baker Counsel Fit for King ii. 31 The leader read the Book of the Law in its entirety in the audience of all the people.

†b. With objective genitive. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1605 R. Buckland tr. St. Victor Memorable Hist. Persecution in Africke iii. i. 80 With clamorous noyse we auoyded audience of the matter.

1624 Bp. F. White Replie to Iesuit Fishers Answere 378 The Greeke Church..shutteth and openeth [a canopy]..at the holy Communion;..the same was not done to take away audience of any part of the Seruice from lay people.

1626 T. Aylesbury Passion Serm. 1 Saint Paul..gained the audience of unspeakable mysteries.

1682 A. Marsh Ten Pleasures of Marriage ix. 168 Happy young Father, who have hitherto so nobly treated..all your She-Gossips, and had the audience of all their curious relations!

a. The opportunity to be heard at a formal interview, esp. one granted by a monarch or government minister to a subject or official; admission to a formal hearing.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > conferring or consulting > audience or opportunity > formal hearing

audiencec1400

allocution1867

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiii. l. 434 (MED) Shulde none harlote haue audience in halle ne in chambres.

1549 W. Thomas Hist. Italie f. 155^v Their ambassadours..beyng brought to audience in Pontificalibus, at length obteined his absolucion.

1585 J. Florio tr. Let. from Rome sig. B.vi^v Cardinall Sforza had audience of the Pope, and showed himselfe agreeued of the depriuation of Lorde Mario.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) i. i. 93 The French Embassador vpon that instant Crau'd audience .

1671 J. Ogilby tr. O. Dapper et al. Atlas Chinensis 236 His Highness for some days had been very busie, which had prevented him from granting Audience.

1743 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras Hist. Eng. (ed. 3) II. xvii. 140 Being admitted to audience.

1788 New Lady's Mag. Sept. 489/2 To court he hastes, and gaining audience strait, The whole affair did to the king relate.

1827 E. Boyce Belgian Traveller (ed. 5) ii. viii. 119 The king grants audience on Wednesdays.

1918 A. Oakes & R. B. Mowat Great European Treaties Nineteenth Cent. (1921) ii. 32 At Vienna Lord Castlereagh had audience of the Emperors of Russia and Austria.

1993 A. Tiruneh Ethiopian Revol. i. iii. 70 Its [sc. the Derg's] chairman..was authorized to grant audience to foreign guests and ambassadors.

b. The action of hearing or listening; attention to what is spoken; (also) the opportunity to be heard, or an instance of this; (a) hearing. Frequently in to give audience (to) at Phrases 1. archaic in later use. Now rare.In later use perhaps influenced by sense 7.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > [noun] > listening

hearkeningc1000

hearinga1225

listening13..

audiencec1405

earc1503

harking1530

exaudition1617

auscultation1634

listen1788

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 104 I dar the bettre aske of yow a space Of audience to shewen oure requeste.

?c1500 Conversion of St. Paul (Digby) l. 162 We beseche yow of audyens.

1591 R. Southwell Marie Magdalens Funeral Teares f. 62^v My silent parly wil find audience in thy inward eare.

1657 T. Reeve God's Plea for Nineveh Ep. Ded. 14 To put audience into his ears, compassion into his eyes.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 804 Thus farr his bold discourse without controule Had audience, when..Abdiel,..The current of his fury thus oppos'd.

1745 J. Dickinson Familiar Lett. xiii. 258 Their Prayers..will find Audience with God, notwithstanding the Error of their Judgments.

1785 W. Paley Princ. Moral & Polit. Philos. (Dublin ed.) II. ii. 44 Some beneficial purposes..may be better answered by the audience of prayer, than by any other mode of communicating the same blessings.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 406 These teachers easily found attentive audience.

1875 M. Thompson Hoosier Mosaics 170 A man of many words, and big ones, but not over prone to seek audience of the world.

1894 Athenæum 3 Mar. 273 Into the subject of audience of petitions, the chief business of the Parliament, Mr. Maitland goes closely.

1996 N. M. Theriot Mothers & Daughters in Nineteenth-cent. Amer. iii. 65 A woman found audience in the feminine circle in which she lived.

c. A formal interview or hearing, esp. one granted by a monarch or government minister to a subject or official. Chiefly with †of, with.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > conferring or consulting > audience or opportunity

speechc900

audience1514

1514 Earl of Worcester in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 233 The king..gave me a good and longe audiens.

a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) ii. i. 154 The Embassadours of Morocco..had divers Audiences of the King and his Ministers.

1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xii. 253 The Embassadours declined any formal Audiences.

1770 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xli. 127 He had a right to demand an audience of his Sovereign.

1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby II. iv. xv. 203 I had an audience..with the Spanish Minister.

1898 Argosy Oct. 455 I had gone to St. Petersburg in the hope of obtaining an audience with the emperor of all the Russias.

1914 W. H. Page Let. 5 July in B. J. Hendrick Life & Lett. W. H. Page (1925) III. ix. 120 About half the Liberian Cabinet..have asked for an audience with me this week.

2005 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 17 Nov. 29/1 In Moscow his group was granted an audience with Leon Trotsky.

†4. A discourse or message delivered to a group of listeners in spoken form. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > [noun] > occasion of hearing

audience1426

séance royale1789

1426 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 7 In any sermon or other audience in yowr cherche or elles-where.

c1475 (c1420) J. Page Siege of Rouen (Egerton) (1876) 36 We you be seche That we may have contynuans For to hyre oure audyens.

a. Frequently with capital initial. A court forming part of the Spanish system of governance of South America, having legislative, executive, and judicial functions. More fully Royal Audience. historical after 19th cent.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > court in Spanish America

audience1583

Audiencia1622

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > other national governing or legislative bodies > [noun] > in Spanish America

audience1583

Audiencia1622

1583 M. M. S. tr. B. de las Casas Spanish Colonie sig. H2^v The Iudges of the audience, would neuer giue them audience to do them iustice.

1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Comm. Notable Thinges in tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China 313 The principall citie of that Ilande is called Santo Domingo,..in the which is an arch-bishop & a royall audience, or chauncerie.

1625 S. Purchas tr. A. de Herrera Descr. W. Indies in Pilgrimes III. v. i. 870 The second Audience which was setled in the Indies, is that of New Spaine, and Nunyo de Guzonau Cauallero de Guadalaiara was the first President.

1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. II. 393 Supreme direction of civil affairs was placed in a board, called The Audience of New Spain.

1824 N. Amer. Rev. July 172 Causes were commonly first tried by the governors, or magistrates of the inferior departments, but their decision had no weight till it was confirmed by the royal audience.

1899 J. Hawthorne Hist. Spanish Amer. ii. v. 268 Successive viceroys, after Pizarro, controlled these countries through their Audiences, and presidents or captains-general.

1914 C. L. G. Anderson Old Panama xvi. 247 In 1533, a royal Audience (Audiencia real), was instituted at Panama, previous to which the courts of Castilla del Oro were under the jurisdiction of the Audience of Española.

1982 W. W. H. Davies El Gringo v. 122 In 1816 the Royal Audience of Guadalajara refused to confirm the sale of a rancho belonging to the pueblo of Cochiti.

b. The territory administered by such a court.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > jurisdiction of or areas under specific authorities > [noun] > under Spanish American court

audience1670

1670 R. Blome Geogr. Descr. World iv. 23/1 The Audience of Guatemala, is between the Seas del Nort, and Sud.

1691 L. Echard Compl. Compend. Geogr. iv. 151 These seven Provinces make up the Audience of Mexico, or New-Spain.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) New Spain comprehends three Audiences; those of Gaudalajara [sic], Mexico, and Guatimala.

1748 Geogr. made Familiar VI. ii. iv. 268 Guadalajara and St. Jago de Guatimala, the Capitals of the other Audiences, are rich, populous, and well-built Cities.

1811 Z. M. Pike Exploratory Trav. 330 I am not positive whether his jurisdiction does not include the audience of Guatemala, which lies to the south.

2002 J. L. Scarpaci et al. Havana (rev ed.) i. 17 (table heading) Population of selected major villages in the Antillean section of the Audience of Santo Domingo.

†6. A place in which hearings are held or interviews conducted; an audience chamber. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > [noun] > place of hearing or listening

auditory1548

audience1588

auditorium1854

1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China 208 The two souldiers..tarried till such time as they opened the gates of the audience. [No equivalent of the headword in the Spanish original.]

1596 T. Danett tr. P. de Commynes Hist. viii. xviii. 344 He had built a publike audience where himselfe heard the sutes of all men.

II. A body of hearers, spectators, etc.

7. Frequently in singular with plural agreement.

a. All the people within hearing of something; (hence) the assembled listeners or spectators at a public performance or event (as a play, film, lecture, etc.) considered collectively.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > [noun] > hearer or listener > assembly of

auditoryc1380

audiencea1387

auditurec1550

union1834

captive audience1902

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 361 Plato cleped Aristotles hous þe redynge hous and wolde ofte seie ‘Go we to þe reder his hous’, and when Aristotle was away, Plato wolde crye, ‘Understondynge is away, þe audiens is deef.’

1407 Thorpe's Examinacion (MS Rawl. C. 208) f. 18^v Þere was noon audience þere of seculer men.

?1520 J. Rastell Nature .iiii. Element sig. E.iiij Suche company..wyll please well this audyens.

1580 T. Lupton Siuqila (new ed.) 5 The audience are so stony hearted, or else they are negligent or forgetfull hearers,..that their painefull preaching doth little preuaile.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 31 Fit audience find, though few.

1698 G. Ridpath Stage Condemn'd xviii. 164 Mr. Dursey's Comedy could have as little good Influence upon the Morals of his Audience, as Mr. Collier's Books can have upon the Principles of his Readers.

1714 J. Byrom Spectator No. 597. ⁋9 The rest of the Audience were enjoying..an excellent Discourse.

1817 T. Moore Lalla Rookh 128 He here looked round and discovered that most of his audience were asleep.

1873 Galaxy Aug. 288/2 The same kind of pleasure seems to be derived from it that the audience at a circus derives from ‘acts’ on the flying trapeze or double-summersaults.

1923 Times 19 Feb. 7/4 It is something to hold an audience silent and not coughing through the half-hour of a Brahms sonata.

1926 Atlanta (Georgia) Constit. 21 Dec. 6/4 King and King, soft shoe and tap artists, par excellence, fairly have the audience rolling in the aisles with applause.

2001 London Rev. Bks. 22 Feb. 10/2 Auden was by this time a practised lecturer, and his unprofessorial manner on the platform appealed strongly to his audiences.

2012 Telegram & Gaz. (Mass.) 24 Mar. a8 Did the audience clap when the movie ended?

b. Those people who have read or regularly read a particular text, publication, or writer, considered collectively; a readership.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > reading > reader > [noun] > collectively

audience1760

reading public1812

eyes1919

eyeball1970

1760 B. Franklin Let. D. Hume 27 Sept. in Wks. (1887) III. 128 It often gives me pleasure to reflect how greatly the audience (if I may so term it) of a good English writer will, in another century or two, be increased.

a1854 H. Reed Lect. Eng. Lit. (1878) vii. 225 ‘Pilgrim's Progress’..has gained an audience as large as Christendom.

1867 Brit. Q. Rev. July 108 Many of Keble's poems impress us with the idea of..an audience of whom the writer was conscious.

1870 G. Meredith Let. 13 Oct. (1970) I. 428 I have an audience of about a dozen, but if they're satisfied I am too.

1883 G. Hamilton in E. C. Rollins New Eng. Bygones Pref. 1 This book is published with no thought of an audience.

1949 Los Angeles Times 13 Feb. (Comics Section) 1 There may be neurotics in our audience!

1991 Utne Reader July 109/3 (advt.) The smallest village 20 miles outside of New York City may be tiny, but it has a hot newspaper with a sophisticated audience.

1993 Locus Oct. 4/1 I'm a writer who has an ongoing dialog with an audience, and what that audience tells me feeds back into my work.

2008 Vanity Fair June 91/2 Like any blog site but grossly magnified due to the mass scale of its audience and influence, Daily Kos is a schizophrenic enterprise.

c. Those people who listen to or watch a programme broadcast on radio or television, or who access audio or video content via digital media, regarded collectively; (also) all those who regularly follow a particular programme, podcast, channel, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > broadcasting > audience > [noun]

audience1927

1922 Oneonta (N.Y.) Daily Star 13 Mar. 4/1 He addressed not only a congregation that packed the church but also a radio audience..numbering probably upwards of 200,000 persons.]

1927 N.Y. Times 18 Mar. 27 Radio as a system of mass communication with a mass audience..may equalize..educational conditions throughout the country.

1930 S. A. Moseley & H. J. B. Chapple Television viii. 95 The audience can see on the screen of their ‘televisors’, and hear the person who is broadcasting from the studio.

1936 B.B.C. Ann. 85/2 The audience for the daily broadcasts to schools constitutes another special section of the public.

1952 Ann. Reg. 1951 400 Television's For the Children..won an avid audience.

1981 J. Monaco How to read Film (rev. ed.) v. 406 The upscale, influential audience of PBS.

2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 9 July 12/2 Recent television debates between the political leaders attracted large audiences.

8. In extended use: those people who admire, support, or take a consistent interest in a particular person, area of artistic activity, idea, etc.; (also) those people who are regarded as likely to be interested in such a person or thing.

ΚΠ

1839 Musical World 17 Jan. 33 The choral music of oratorios..will never want a large and increasing audience.

1914 Ann. Rep. Chicago Hist. Soc. 30 A loan exhibition of archaeological objects..from the Chicago area..elicited great attention. Indian Archaeology always attracts an audience.

1947 Kingsport (Tennessee) News 27 Dec. 2/5 Billy Wilder..says there is a growing audience in the United States with a ‘good taste for European pictures’.

1974 S. Marcus Minding Store xv. 303 While the Dior business was directed towards the Establishment customers..Saint Laurent appealed to a much more avant-garde audience.

1992 N.Y. Times 12 July iii. 9/4 Apple wants people to call the Newton a..PDA, rather than a computer, since the Newton is supposed to appeal to a much wider audience than traditional computing tools.

2012 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 29 Mar. Madonna..still has the attention of a devoted audience.

Phrases

P1. to give audience (to): (a) to listen, pay attention (to); (b) to grant a formal hearing (to); (also in extended use). Now rare. [Compare Anglo-Norman and Old French doner audience, Middle French, French (now literary) donner audience to listen, pay attention (13th cent.), to grant a formal hearing (to a person) (a1377 or earlier), Spanish dar audiencia (late 14th cent.); also Old Frisian audientie jeva, Middle Low German audiencie gēven.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > hear [verb (intransitive)] > listen

listenc950

hearkena1000

listc1000

lithea1225

yliþea1300

intendc1380

hear1382

to have or give a lista1400

to give audience (to)c1405

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hengwrt) (2003) §174 They wol yeue yow audience & lokyng & supportacioun in thy presence, & scorne thee in thyn absence.

a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) v. l. 235 Now I am gon, whom yeue ye audience [c1450 Harl. 2280 audiens].

a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iv. l. 545 Parde leue broþer..Whan þow me hast yeue an audience Ther-after mayst þow telle all þi sentence.

1533 J. Heywood Mery Play Pardoner & Frere sig. A.i^v I requyre all ye in this prese For to abyde, and gyue dew audyence.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xvi. 109 I refuse to gyf eyris or audiens to thy accusations.

1671 tr. A. Charant Let. conc. Countrys King of Tafiletta 48 in tr. R. Fréjus Relation Voy. Mauritania The King of Morocco usually gives audience at the Gate of this Palace.

1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling i. v. §32 Shall she take no care..how undecently she appear when the King of Kings gives audience?

1771 J. Ryland Serious Ess. on Truths of Gospel 182 He'll bow his ear, And most attentive audience give, to those that merit not to live.

1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece V. xl. 115 To give audience to all who had business to transact with him.

1875 T. T. Stoddart Poems of Seasons 95 The pranksome squirrel, With perk'd ear giving audience To the warbling of the merle!

1921 Times 21 Feb. 6/2 Their brethren in England may find it possible to give audience to the..claims of the Church in Wales.

1999 D. M. Kennedy Freedom from Fear iv. 113 To all of them Roosevelt gave attentive audience. As his visitors talked, FDR would nod in apparent approval.

P2. in open (also general) audience: so that everyone can hear; openly, publicly. Now archaic and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > openness or unconcealedness > [adverb]

barelyc950

beforeOE

openlyOE

nakedly?c1225

in a person's bearda1250

opelyc1275

apertly1297

commonlya1325

opena1325

overtlyc1325

pertlya1375

plainc1380

in (also on) opena1382

in apertc1384

plainlyc1390

in open (also general) audiencea1393

aperta1400

in commonaltya1400

outa1400

without laina1400

in commonc1400

publishlyc1400

pertc1410

in publicc1429

on higha1450

in pert1453

to a person's facea1470

into heightc1480

forthward?1504

but hidel?1507

publicly1534

uncolouredly1561

roundly1563

famously1570

vulgarly1602

above board1603

round1604

displayedly1611

on (also upon) the square?1611

undisguisedly1611

broadly1624

discoveredly1659

unveiledly1661

under a person's nose1670

manifestly1711

before faces1762

publically1797

overboard1834

unashamedly1905

upfront1972

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 1842 There in open Audience Of hem that stoden thanne aboute, He tolde hem.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hengwrt) (2003) §83 Many folk..priuely..conseiled hym certeyn thyng, and conseiled hym the contrarie in general audience.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 102 He seyde in opyn audiens, ‘Thys [is] your place.’

1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. xiv. f. 37 With blushles face, and vnstaied penne, I meane the woordes..in open audience to pronounce.

1670 W. Annand Pater Noster v. ii. 174 Our Saviour, who hath taught us to pray in secret, and in open audience.

1788 J. Skinner Eccl. Hist. Scotl. II. xxxv. 93 He would preach there in open audience before he died.

1884 M. Thornhill Personal Adventures Magistrate during Indian Mutiny xxii. 217 A Hindoo chieftain..had defied the Emperor in open audience; he fled, the guards pursued him.

1904 Amer. Monthly Rev. of Revs. Mar. 314/2 The two rooms were lined with waiting visitors..awaiting until he would come out and say a few words to them in general audience.

P3.

Court of Audience n. now historical an English ecclesiastical court under the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Canterbury, originally held by the archbishop in person, but later chiefly by a judge appointed by him, known as an official of audience or an auditor (see auditor n. 4a).The Court of Audience was abolished in 1641 and apparently not revived after the Restoration.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > archbishop's court > [noun]

audiencec1451

Court of Audience1467

Audience Court1593

prerogative1604

prerogative court1604

prerogative office1648

officiality1742

commissariat1762

1467 T. Howes in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 562 There ys a newe contryved processe..that is exibited and putte in my lordys Courte of Audience be-fore his Auditoure.

1632 T. E. Lawes Womens Rights iii. l. 223 Sentence of diuorce was giuen..in the Archbishops Court of Audience.

1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 192 The Court of Audience held in Pauls Church in London.

1868 Eccl. Appeals p. xxv, in Parl. Papers 1867–8: Accts. & Papers XVIII. With the other Ecclesiastical Courts, the Court of Audience was abolished in 1641, and does not appear to have been revived, by name at least, or as a separate court, after the Restoration.

1889 Solicitors' Jrnl. 9 Feb. 228/1 Formerly the Court of Audience was held in the archbishop's palace, for the consideration of all matters which he chose to reserve for his special hearing.

1982 M. F. Stieg Laud's Lab. vi. 168 The Court of Audience and the Prerogative Court of Canterbury had an original jurisdiction in all ecclesiastical causes.

P4.

audience of leave n. now historical a farewell interview or meeting; spec. (in diplomacy) a formal leave-taking between a sovereign or government minister and a foreign representative who has been recalled to his or her own country.

ΚΠ

1660 W. Lower tr. Relation Voiage Charls II 95 M^r de Thou, Count of Meslay, Embassadour of France, took this day his audience of leave, with the same ceremonies he took the first.

1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 298. ⁋5 I dropped him a Curtsy, and gave him to understand that this was his Audience of Leave.

1797 E. Marshall Edmund & Eleonora II. xcv. 309 They had their audience of leave, as they were, on the morrow to take their departure for Lisbon.

a1827 T. H. Horne in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XVIII. 37/2 Where the Minister, who succeeds one that is recalled, arrives before the departure of the latter..the Minister who is on the point of departing presents him to the Sovereign at his Audience of Leave.

1917 E. Channing Hist. U.S. IV. xv. 420 Pinkney..had his audience of leave on February 28, 1811, and sailed for home.

2000 C. Heywood in A. Hamilton et al. Friends & Rivals in East iii. 90 The next Paget heard was that Van Heemskerck had been given his audience of leave; again he wrote..that no further letters for the king be given him, but he was too late.

P5.

right of audience n. (also rights of audience) Law (in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries) the right of a legal representative to appear in a court of law and conduct a case on behalf of a client.Regulations regarding right of audience vary between countries and over time. In England and Wales, barristers have full rights of audience in all courts; traditionally, solicitors only appeared in the county courts and magistrates' courts but they may now obtain rights of audience in higher courts.

ΚΠ

1743 G. Reynolds Hist. Ess. Govt. Church of Eng. i. 27 Justinian..provided, that the Bishop in civil Actions of the Monks and Clergy, should proceed summarily..directing, that his Right of Audience should devolve to the secular Magistrate.

1897 Law Notes Jan. 348/1 His Honour..does not stop to consider the obvious injustice of taking away from the solicitors their present statutory right of audience in these courts.

1961 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 1 Nov. 14/6 The actual conduct of the prosecution in court is entrusted to members of the Bar in those courts where they have exclusive right of audience.

2003 Daily Tel. 23 Oct. i. 19/8 There are now nearly 2,000 solicitors with the same rights of audience as barristers.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

a. In sense 3, as audience chair, audience room, audience speech, etc.

ΚΠ

1637 W. Crowne True Relation Trav. T. Howard 31 To the Audience-roome..and thorow other faire chambers.

1659 W. Montagu Shepheard's Paradise iii. 71 The Queen Sir, is going to the audience-seat, and tis time for you to move that way.

1688 P. Pett Happy Future State of Eng. Pref. sig. H*^v A Popish Ambassador sent to Queen Elizabeth began his Audience Speech.

1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. IV. xciv. 226 His audience chair is under a canopy, over which is the emperor's picture.

a1799 J. Meikle Solitude Sweetened (1803) lii. 118 This is the time that God will talk with men in a special manner;—the audience-hour of the great King.

1878 H. M. Stanley Through Dark Continent I. xv. 398 The court before the audience-hall.

1883 ‘M. Twain’ Life on Mississippi ii. 39 The chief's house contained an audience room forty feet square.

1899 Daily News 20 July 6/4 On Sunday all are at liberty to call and see the King, even without the formality of an audience paper to fix an appointment.

1911 E. Wherry Red Lantern i. 38 This..had once been the audience court of a great mandarin.

1922 H. M. Rockey & H. B. Hunting Wonderland of India ii. 22 The ruins of the fort, including the great public audience hall where every morning Akbar held court, may still be seen.

2003 J. C. Martin Push not River 449 The king sat on his audience chair under its elaborate canopy.

b. In sense 7, as audience area, audience member, audience part, audience reaction, etc.

ΚΠ

1749 W. R. Chetwood Gen. Hist. Stage 71 The Audience Part is ornamented with rich Embellishment.

1812 Dramat. Censor for 1811 99 The hall, or audience part of the House, to comprise the segment of a circle.

1848 Mirror Mar. 215 Various important improvements have taken place in the audience portion of the house, which will materially contribute to the comfort and enjoyment of the public.

1894 P. H. Fitzgerald Savoy Opera & Savoyards 133 A sort of stage or scaffold was raised in the stalls to enable them [sc. the authors] to have the correct ‘audience view’ of all that was doing.

1921 Bookman May 223/1 It is difficult for them to imagine the novel made into a successful photoplay; they cannot so readily picture audience reaction.

1945 Billboard 25 Aug. 6 A station stunt that brought a heavy audience response.

1966 BBC Handbk. 73 The measurement of audience size.

1992 S. Fry Paperweight (1993) 378 Off-the-shelf tapes of general audience laughter are dubbed onto soi-disant amusing programmes.

1999 A. Howell Anal. Performance Art iv. 49 A raised stage would establish a difference between performance area and audience area.

2007 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 2 Dec. ii. 25/2 Flinging put-downs..at delighted audience members..he is clearly the grandmaster of insult comedy.

2012 Deseret News (Salt Lake City) (Nexis) 4 May In an effort to expand its audience demographic, the station launched two successful local talk shows.

C2.

audience chamber n. a room, esp. one in a palace, in which a monarch or other distinguished person receives visitors on formal business; cf. presence chamber n.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > room by type of use > [noun] > audience-chamber

chamber of presence1538

presence1548

presence chamber1551

audience chamber1625

salutatory1641

salle d'audiencec1660

presence room1690

durbar1793

1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes II. ix. xv. 1582 (margin) Audience Chamber. Faire Court.

1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea II. xxxi. 185 The throne in the audience-chamber is of velvet.

1882 Cent. Mag. Apr. 810/2 The great audience-chamber of the official palace is an immense hall, with lofty ceiling.

2005 Austin (Texas) Amer.-Statesman (Nexis) 4 Apr. e1 After the Mass, all those in attendance were ushered into an audience chamber, and the Holy Father soon entered.

audience appeal n. attractiveness to a (target) group of viewers, listeners, or readers; (also) the potential to appeal to or to attract a large audience.

ΚΠ

1923 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 23 Sept. 6/7 It could be possible..to reiterate over and over again the tremendous audience appeal in the picture as a whole.

1950 L. A. G. Strong Which I Never ii. 48 I was thinking less of intrinsic quality, of skill, than of what I believe is termed audience appeal.

1979 H. J. Gans Deciding what's News iv. 126 Prior publication is taken to be a sign that the topic has audience appeal.

1992 B. M. Owen & S. S. Wildman Video Econ. v. 164 Until network programs are broadcast, it is impossible to predict their audience appeal.

Audience Court n. a court in which an audience or judicial hearing is held; spec. = Court of Audience n. at Phrases 3. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > archbishop's court > [noun]

audiencec1451

Court of Audience1467

Audience Court1593

prerogative1604

prerogative court1604

prerogative office1648

officiality1742

commissariat1762

1593 R. Cosin Apol. for Sundrie Proc. (rev. ed.) i. xii. 89 An olde written booke of Acts Ecclesiasticall, sped in the Audience Court of the Archbishop of Canterbury.

1614 T. Adams Deuills Banket (new ed.) 126 Our consciences take no notice of our owne iniquities; but they complaine in the audience-Court of Heaven.

1809 tr. A. L. J. de Laborde View of Spain II. 46 There is a royal audience court at Seville, and the intendant of the province of Andalusia, or of the kingdom of Seville, resides there.

1834 A. Jameson Visits & Sketches III. 8 The principal durbar, or largest audience-court of the palace, was thrown open on this occasion.

1911 H. L. Yen Surv. Constit. Devel. China iii. 94 The prince..placed some soldiers behind the walls of the audience-court to assassinate him.

2008 J. A. Brundage Medieval Origins Legal Profession x. 420 The archbishop of Canterbury's audience court held sessions only about once every three weeks.

audience-friendly adj. readily understood or appreciated by a group of viewers, listeners, or readers; having popular appeal.

ΚΠ

1985 Adweek (U.S.) (Nexis) 18 July 8/3 The name of the game..is to create a kind of radio over the air that is audience-friendly.

1996 N.Y. Mag. 23 Dec. 141/3 The new regime has already taken firm charge and many seem relieved by the promise of a more audience-friendly repertory.

2011 Guardian (Nexis) 5 Aug. 4 Every Hollywood executive is looking for an audience-friendly film.

audience involvement n. the degree to which an audience engages with or relates to a particular medium; (also) = audience participation n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > broadcasting > audience > [noun] > audience participation

request1928

audience participation1932

audience involvement1950

1950 Rev. Educ. Res. 20 211 Experimentation with technics to improve large-group communication has been directed toward increasing audience involvement and participation.

1964 M. McLuhan Understanding Media xxxi. 312 The cool TV medium..creates audience involvement.

1996 Times (Electronic ed.) 18 Dec. Audience involvement is limited to the occasional hokey-cokey. The cast do buttonhole the guests..but their gambits are mostly hectoring.

2002 Inc. Sept. 115/2 (advt.) An electronic whiteboard is a convenient way to increase audience involvement.

audience participation n. involvement of an audience in some aspect of a performance; esp. the involvement of viewers or listeners in some aspect of a programme broadcast on radio or television.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > broadcasting > audience > [noun] > audience participation

request1928

audience participation1932

audience involvement1950

1932 Stevens Point (Wisconsin) Daily Jrnl. 22 Oct. 3/3 Songs of the harvest and airs of the homeland will be provided for audience participation.

1940 E. McGill Radio Directing x. 201 On audience-participation broadcasts the script is no more than a guide-post.

1948 Penguin Music Mag. Feb. 52 Intelligent audience-participation is more and more possible.

1963 N. Coward Diary 17 Mar. (2000) 530 What I predicted about the New York theatre parties killing audience participation has come true.

1990 Cook's May 80/3 Tourists packed this London spot for the juggling acts, Renaissance-style feasts.., and a heavy dose of audience participation.

1995 Guardian 18 Sept. ii. 11/5 The prommers did as John Drummond asked and kept audience participation to a minimum.

2004 Time Out N.Y. 30 Dec. 54/2 This audience-participation show of jazzed-up..nursery rhymes.

audience rating n. originally U.S. (in singular) a measure of the proportion of the total available audience tuned into a television channel, radio station, or programme at a particular time; (hence more generally) (assessment of) audience size or share (usually in plural).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > broadcasting > audience > [noun] > size of

tune-in1931

rating1935

audience rating1941

Nielsen rating1951

TAM rating1958

reach1959

share1974

1941 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 213 145/1 (note) The average audience rating of an entire week's programs usually lies between 2.0 and 2.3, while the best program of the week..may receive as high a rating as 2.6 or 2.7.

1955 A. Koestler Trail of Dinosaur 91 The radio performances of a Bach cantata and of a sobbing crooner are compared on the same scale of audience-rating.

a1974 R. Crossman Diaries (1976) II. 445 This has all paid off in terms of the audience ratings where the B.B.C. has been doing well in the last six months, winning the battle for the audience by its with-itness.

1988 W. Hamilton Lap of Luxury ii. iii. 91 It's Morning had declined in audience ratings from a solid first to barely second among the three network eye-openers.

1999 Times 30 June 7/1 The Sun claimed its hoax proved that the BBC was cutting corners and dropping standards in the pursuit of better audience ratings.

audience research n. research designed to establish the size, composition, or characteristics of an audience, esp. one for a radio or television programme.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > broadcasting > audience > [noun] > audience research

audience research1940

1940 Sandusky (Ohio) Star-Jrnl. 24 June 4/4 Schaefer, head of RKO,..has hired George Gallup's exclusive services in the motion picture field. Gallup, in turn, has organized the Audience Research Institute.

1950 Times 6 Sept. 2/5 An analysis by the B.B.C. Audience Research Department of the social grades of listeners.

1951 B.B.C. Year-bk. 144 The BBC maintains an Audience Research Department to advise it on the habits, tastes, and opinions both of listeners and of viewers.

1998 Scotsman (Nexis) 22 Oct. 17 This is as good an account as I've read of what Birtian broadcasting means. There's the obsession with audience research, the anxiety about political opinion, [etc.].

audience researcher n. a person who carries out audience research.

ΚΠ

1947 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 254 163/2 Such classifications as age, sex, income, and education..play such a large role in audience research. This information is..generally available to the audience researcher from a variety of sources.

1959 Observer 8 Feb. 18/3 I.T.V...is now estimated by the audience-researchers to have an average daily audience or viewing public of 5,250,000.

1976 New Scientist 16 Dec. 668/2 The Beeb's audience researchers jog people's memories about what they might have watched. This is not a promising start.

2004 J. Newman Videogames v. 82 Audience researchers..have pointed to the ways in which meaning is produced and texts are made to make sense by their users and readers.

audience share n. Broadcasting an estimate of the percentage of households viewing or listening to a particular television or radio station during a specific period of time, used as a measure of popularity; cf. sense share n.² 2f.

ΚΠ

1953 N.Y. Times 20 Aug. 39/7 (advt.) Just three weeks later..Nielsen ratings and audience share began a steady climb.

1989 Broadcast 18 Aug. 22/1 In television's summer dog days, riddled with repeats, thoughts turn not to the channel's struggle for audience share but to viewing as a whole.

2005 Austral. Financial Rev. (Sydney) 22 Aug. 49/1 Media buyers claimed that Ten's audience share and revenue would be squeezed by the big programs on Seven and Nine.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	audience
释义	audiencen. Brit. /ˈɔːdɪəns/, U.S. /ˈɔdiəns/, /ˈɑdiəns/ Forms: Middle English audiense, Middle English avdenes, Middle English awdiens, Middle English eudyence (probably transmission error), Middle English–1500s audiens, Middle English–1500s audyens, Middle English–1500s awdyence, Middle English–1600s audyence, Middle English– audience, 1500s awdience, 1500s awdyens, 1500s awdyense, 1600s audyense, 1600s–1700s audiance; Scottish pre-1700 audiens, pre-1700 audyence, pre-1700 audyens, pre-1700 awdience, pre-1700 awdiens, pre-1700 awdyence, pre-1700 awdyens, pre-1700 1700s– audience. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French audience; Latin audientia. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French audience (French audience ) range or sphere of hearing (second half of the 12th cent. in Old French, earliest in en audience audibly; obsolete after the early 18th cent.), formal interview or hearing (a1280 or earlier; end of the 13th cent. or earlier in specific sense ‘judicial hearing’), attention (1309), opportunity to be heard at a formal interview (1316), lecture (1372 in an apparently isolated attestation), room where formal hearings are held, courtroom (1452; obsolete after the Middle French period), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin audientia act of listening, attention, body of listeners, in post-classical Latin also judicial hearing (5th cent.), hearing (granted to petitioner), interview (13th cent. in a British source) < audient- , audiēns , present participle of audīre to hear (see audit n.) + -ia -ia suffix¹; compare -ence suffix.Cognates and parallels. Compare Old Occitan audiensa , audienza , audiencia , audiensia , etc. (c1140), Catalan audiència (14th cent.), Spanish audiencia (14th cent.), Portuguese audiência (1340), Italian udienza (end of the 13th cent.; also, with alteration after the Latin etymon, †audienza (1348)); also Old Frisian audientie (only in audientie jeva : see to give audience (to) at Phrases 1; West Frisian audiinsje ), Middle Dutch audienche , audiencie , audientie (Dutch audiëntie ), Middle Low German audiencie , German Audienz (early 15th cent. as †audientz ), Swedish audiens (1537 as †audientz ), Danish audiens (attested from the early modern period). Compare also Anglo-Norman oance , Old French, Middle French oiance act of listening, attention (second half of the 12th cent., originally and chiefly in en oiance audibly, within earshot; < oir to hear (see oyer and terminer n.) + -ance -ance suffix), Old Occitan auzensa (c1140). Specific sense developments. The senses of branch II., denoting a group of people, are not paralleled in French until later than in English (1585, originally with reference to the hearers of a lecture). In sense 5 after Spanish audiencia (a1550 in senses 5a and 5b; in sense 5a also more fully audiencia real). I. The action or scope of hearing; a hearing. †1. a. The action, practice, or fact of holding a judicial hearing or hearings. Also: the opportunity to have a case or complaint heard in a formal assembly or court of law. Obsolete. in audience: in the context of a judicial hearing; in court.In early use sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 3b. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > judicial hearing audiencea1387 audit1598 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 435 Þe emperour wolde have i-dampned hym wiþ oute audience. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 5145 The querele in audience Declared was in the presence Of themperour and many mo. c1405 (c1380) G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 466 Lo, he dissimuleth heere in audience. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 4861 (MED) Þou woldest..Þi silfe excuse here in audience, As þou knewe nouȝt of þat offence. a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 1649 That thi puple have awdiens With thar complantis. 1641 Bp. J. Hall Def. Humble Remonstr. xii. 87 That continuall audience of causes, daily brought before that great Prelate. a1742 C. Wheatly Fifty Serm. (1746) II. x. 192 The Office of an Advocate is to demand Audience and Sentence in a judicial Way. 1761 tr. Frederician Code I. p. xxi Advocates..are bound to prepare the cause, and to appear on the days of audience of the court of judicature. b. An assembly gathered for a formal (judicial) hearing or inquiry; a court; spec. = Court of Audience n. at Phrases 3. Also: a hearing held in such a context; a trial or formal inquiry. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > archbishop's court > [noun] audiencec1451 Court of Audience1467 Audience Court1593 prerogative1604 prerogative court1604 prerogative office1648 officiality1742 commissariat1762 c1451 J. Capgrave Life St. Gilbert (1910) 94 (MED) Þis cause..schuld be differred fro hem to þe kyngis audiens. a1460 in Norfolk Archaeol. (1929) 23 54 That ye wylle send me an Inhybycyon out of ye Audyence of my lord of Cauntyrbury. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 95 But Sokne is seide otherwhile an interpellacion of a moore grete audience [a1387 St. John's Cambr. court; L. audientiæ]. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) viii. l. 1584 Fra his [sc. Balliol's] cowrt and his prosses Þis Makduf appellit for þi... His helpe and his defens He taulde it til þe audiens Off Edwarde, þat þat tyme wes regnande Kynge..in Inglande. 1541 Act 33 Hen. VIII xxxi Constrained for appeles to resort to the audience of Canturbury. 1669 E. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia 329 Audiences Judicial, when the actions of any Bishop should be called in question. 1695 tr. G. de Courtilz de Sandras Life John Baptist Colbert 118 There being also an Audience at the Court..at the very same Hour, 'tis impossible for the Advocates..to be present in all those places at once. 2. a. The range or sphere of hearing (of a person or group of people); (also) the capacity (of a person or group) to hear or attend to something. Chiefly in in a person's audience: in a person's hearing. archaic and rare in later use.See also in open (also general) audience at Phrases 2. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > [noun] hearingc1230 audiencea1393 audition1656 autophony1871 phonoreception1940 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 669 To speke upon Astronomie..Som part I thenke to declare, Mi Sone, unto thin Audience. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) viii. l. 3549 He..said in al þar audiens. 1534 J. Fewterer tr. U. Pinder Myrrour Christes Passion f. lxxiii^v Annas moued vnto Christ an vnwyse..question before and in the audience of all the people that were there present. 1651 T. Fuller et al. Abel Redevivus 255 And uttereth these words, in the audience of the congregation. 1654 D. Dickson Brief Explic. Last 50 Psalmes 305 A heart enlarged with the sense of Gods Majesty..will not stand to..proclaim Gods truth..in the audience of the greatest men on the earth. 1734 J. Hunt Ess. Hist. & Revelations of Script. 103 Abraham again bowing himself before the people of the land, spake to Ephron in their audience. 1776 G. Campbell Philos. of Rhetoric II. iii. ii. 292 This champion had given an open defiance to Israel..in the audience of all the army. 1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision III. xxiv. 109 Thou in his audience shouldst thereof discourse. 2003 M. Baker Counsel Fit for King ii. 31 The leader read the Book of the Law in its entirety in the audience of all the people. †b. With objective genitive. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1605 R. Buckland tr. St. Victor Memorable Hist. Persecution in Africke iii. i. 80 With clamorous noyse we auoyded audience of the matter. 1624 Bp. F. White Replie to Iesuit Fishers Answere 378 The Greeke Church..shutteth and openeth [a canopy]..at the holy Communion;..the same was not done to take away audience of any part of the Seruice from lay people. 1626 T. Aylesbury Passion Serm. 1 Saint Paul..gained the audience of unspeakable mysteries. 1682 A. Marsh Ten Pleasures of Marriage ix. 168 Happy young Father, who have hitherto so nobly treated..all your She-Gossips, and had the audience of all their curious relations! 3. a. The opportunity to be heard at a formal interview, esp. one granted by a monarch or government minister to a subject or official; admission to a formal hearing. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > conferring or consulting > audience or opportunity > formal hearing audiencec1400 allocution1867 c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiii. l. 434 (MED) Shulde none harlote haue audience in halle ne in chambres. 1549 W. Thomas Hist. Italie f. 155^v Their ambassadours..beyng brought to audience in Pontificalibus, at length obteined his absolucion. 1585 J. Florio tr. Let. from Rome sig. B.vi^v Cardinall Sforza had audience of the Pope, and showed himselfe agreeued of the depriuation of Lorde Mario. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) i. i. 93 The French Embassador vpon that instant Crau'd audience . View more context for this quotation 1671 J. Ogilby tr. O. Dapper et al. Atlas Chinensis 236 His Highness for some days had been very busie, which had prevented him from granting Audience. 1743 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras Hist. Eng. (ed. 3) II. xvii. 140 Being admitted to audience. 1788 New Lady's Mag. Sept. 489/2 To court he hastes, and gaining audience strait, The whole affair did to the king relate. 1827 E. Boyce Belgian Traveller (ed. 5) ii. viii. 119 The king grants audience on Wednesdays. 1918 A. Oakes & R. B. Mowat Great European Treaties Nineteenth Cent. (1921) ii. 32 At Vienna Lord Castlereagh had audience of the Emperors of Russia and Austria. 1993 A. Tiruneh Ethiopian Revol. i. iii. 70 Its [sc. the Derg's] chairman..was authorized to grant audience to foreign guests and ambassadors. b. The action of hearing or listening; attention to what is spoken; (also) the opportunity to be heard, or an instance of this; (a) hearing. Frequently in to give audience (to) at Phrases 1. archaic in later use. Now rare.In later use perhaps influenced by sense 7. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > [noun] > listening hearkeningc1000 hearinga1225 listening13.. audiencec1405 earc1503 harking1530 exaudition1617 auscultation1634 listen1788 c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Clerk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 104 I dar the bettre aske of yow a space Of audience to shewen oure requeste. ?c1500 Conversion of St. Paul (Digby) l. 162 We beseche yow of audyens. 1591 R. Southwell Marie Magdalens Funeral Teares f. 62^v My silent parly wil find audience in thy inward eare. 1657 T. Reeve God's Plea for Nineveh Ep. Ded. 14 To put audience into his ears, compassion into his eyes. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 804 Thus farr his bold discourse without controule Had audience, when..Abdiel,..The current of his fury thus oppos'd. View more context for this quotation 1745 J. Dickinson Familiar Lett. xiii. 258 Their Prayers..will find Audience with God, notwithstanding the Error of their Judgments. 1785 W. Paley Princ. Moral & Polit. Philos. (Dublin ed.) II. ii. 44 Some beneficial purposes..may be better answered by the audience of prayer, than by any other mode of communicating the same blessings. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 406 These teachers easily found attentive audience. 1875 M. Thompson Hoosier Mosaics 170 A man of many words, and big ones, but not over prone to seek audience of the world. 1894 Athenæum 3 Mar. 273 Into the subject of audience of petitions, the chief business of the Parliament, Mr. Maitland goes closely. 1996 N. M. Theriot Mothers & Daughters in Nineteenth-cent. Amer. iii. 65 A woman found audience in the feminine circle in which she lived. c. A formal interview or hearing, esp. one granted by a monarch or government minister to a subject or official. Chiefly with †of, with. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > conferring or consulting > audience or opportunity speechc900 audience1514 1514 Earl of Worcester in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 233 The king..gave me a good and longe audiens. a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) ii. i. 154 The Embassadours of Morocco..had divers Audiences of the King and his Ministers. 1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xii. 253 The Embassadours declined any formal Audiences. 1770 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xli. 127 He had a right to demand an audience of his Sovereign. 1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby II. iv. xv. 203 I had an audience..with the Spanish Minister. 1898 Argosy Oct. 455 I had gone to St. Petersburg in the hope of obtaining an audience with the emperor of all the Russias. 1914 W. H. Page Let. 5 July in B. J. Hendrick Life & Lett. W. H. Page (1925) III. ix. 120 About half the Liberian Cabinet..have asked for an audience with me this week. 2005 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 17 Nov. 29/1 In Moscow his group was granted an audience with Leon Trotsky. †4. A discourse or message delivered to a group of listeners in spoken form. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > [noun] > occasion of hearing audience1426 séance royale1789 1426 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 7 In any sermon or other audience in yowr cherche or elles-where. c1475 (c1420) J. Page Siege of Rouen (Egerton) (1876) 36 We you be seche That we may have contynuans For to hyre oure audyens. 5. a. Frequently with capital initial. A court forming part of the Spanish system of governance of South America, having legislative, executive, and judicial functions. More fully Royal Audience. historical after 19th cent. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > court in Spanish America audience1583 Audiencia1622 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > other national governing or legislative bodies > [noun] > in Spanish America audience1583 Audiencia1622 1583 M. M. S. tr. B. de las Casas Spanish Colonie sig. H2^v The Iudges of the audience, would neuer giue them audience to do them iustice. 1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Comm. Notable Thinges in tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China 313 The principall citie of that Ilande is called Santo Domingo,..in the which is an arch-bishop & a royall audience, or chauncerie. 1625 S. Purchas tr. A. de Herrera Descr. W. Indies in Pilgrimes III. v. i. 870 The second Audience which was setled in the Indies, is that of New Spaine, and Nunyo de Guzonau Cauallero de Guadalaiara was the first President. 1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. II. 393 Supreme direction of civil affairs was placed in a board, called The Audience of New Spain. 1824 N. Amer. Rev. July 172 Causes were commonly first tried by the governors, or magistrates of the inferior departments, but their decision had no weight till it was confirmed by the royal audience. 1899 J. Hawthorne Hist. Spanish Amer. ii. v. 268 Successive viceroys, after Pizarro, controlled these countries through their Audiences, and presidents or captains-general. 1914 C. L. G. Anderson Old Panama xvi. 247 In 1533, a royal Audience (Audiencia real), was instituted at Panama, previous to which the courts of Castilla del Oro were under the jurisdiction of the Audience of Española. 1982 W. W. H. Davies El Gringo v. 122 In 1816 the Royal Audience of Guadalajara refused to confirm the sale of a rancho belonging to the pueblo of Cochiti. b. The territory administered by such a court. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > jurisdiction of or areas under specific authorities > [noun] > under Spanish American court audience1670 1670 R. Blome Geogr. Descr. World iv. 23/1 The Audience of Guatemala, is between the Seas del Nort, and Sud. 1691 L. Echard Compl. Compend. Geogr. iv. 151 These seven Provinces make up the Audience of Mexico, or New-Spain. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) New Spain comprehends three Audiences; those of Gaudalajara [sic], Mexico, and Guatimala. 1748 Geogr. made Familiar VI. ii. iv. 268 Guadalajara and St. Jago de Guatimala, the Capitals of the other Audiences, are rich, populous, and well-built Cities. 1811 Z. M. Pike Exploratory Trav. 330 I am not positive whether his jurisdiction does not include the audience of Guatemala, which lies to the south. 2002 J. L. Scarpaci et al. Havana (rev ed.) i. 17 (table heading) Population of selected major villages in the Antillean section of the Audience of Santo Domingo. †6. A place in which hearings are held or interviews conducted; an audience chamber. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > [noun] > place of hearing or listening auditory1548 audience1588 auditorium1854 1588 R. Parke tr. J. G. de Mendoza Hist. Kingdome of China 208 The two souldiers..tarried till such time as they opened the gates of the audience. [No equivalent of the headword in the Spanish original.] 1596 T. Danett tr. P. de Commynes Hist. viii. xviii. 344 He had built a publike audience where himselfe heard the sutes of all men. II. A body of hearers, spectators, etc. 7. Frequently in singular with plural agreement. a. All the people within hearing of something; (hence) the assembled listeners or spectators at a public performance or event (as a play, film, lecture, etc.) considered collectively. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > [noun] > hearer or listener > assembly of auditoryc1380 audiencea1387 auditurec1550 union1834 captive audience1902 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 361 Plato cleped Aristotles hous þe redynge hous and wolde ofte seie ‘Go we to þe reder his hous’, and when Aristotle was away, Plato wolde crye, ‘Understondynge is away, þe audiens is deef.’ 1407 Thorpe's Examinacion (MS Rawl. C. 208) f. 18^v Þere was noon audience þere of seculer men. ?1520 J. Rastell Nature .iiii. Element sig. E.iiij Suche company..wyll please well this audyens. 1580 T. Lupton Siuqila (new ed.) 5 The audience are so stony hearted, or else they are negligent or forgetfull hearers,..that their painefull preaching doth little preuaile. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 31 Fit audience find, though few. View more context for this quotation 1698 G. Ridpath Stage Condemn'd xviii. 164 Mr. Dursey's Comedy could have as little good Influence upon the Morals of his Audience, as Mr. Collier's Books can have upon the Principles of his Readers. 1714 J. Byrom Spectator No. 597. ⁋9 The rest of the Audience were enjoying..an excellent Discourse. 1817 T. Moore Lalla Rookh 128 He here looked round and discovered that most of his audience were asleep. 1873 Galaxy Aug. 288/2 The same kind of pleasure seems to be derived from it that the audience at a circus derives from ‘acts’ on the flying trapeze or double-summersaults. 1923 Times 19 Feb. 7/4 It is something to hold an audience silent and not coughing through the half-hour of a Brahms sonata. 1926 Atlanta (Georgia) Constit. 21 Dec. 6/4 King and King, soft shoe and tap artists, par excellence, fairly have the audience rolling in the aisles with applause. 2001 London Rev. Bks. 22 Feb. 10/2 Auden was by this time a practised lecturer, and his unprofessorial manner on the platform appealed strongly to his audiences. 2012 Telegram & Gaz. (Mass.) 24 Mar. a8 Did the audience clap when the movie ended? b. Those people who have read or regularly read a particular text, publication, or writer, considered collectively; a readership. ΘΚΠ society > communication > reading > reader > [noun] > collectively audience1760 reading public1812 eyes1919 eyeball1970 1760 B. Franklin Let. D. Hume 27 Sept. in Wks. (1887) III. 128 It often gives me pleasure to reflect how greatly the audience (if I may so term it) of a good English writer will, in another century or two, be increased. a1854 H. Reed Lect. Eng. Lit. (1878) vii. 225 ‘Pilgrim's Progress’..has gained an audience as large as Christendom. 1867 Brit. Q. Rev. July 108 Many of Keble's poems impress us with the idea of..an audience of whom the writer was conscious. 1870 G. Meredith Let. 13 Oct. (1970) I. 428 I have an audience of about a dozen, but if they're satisfied I am too. 1883 G. Hamilton in E. C. Rollins New Eng. Bygones Pref. 1 This book is published with no thought of an audience. 1949 Los Angeles Times 13 Feb. (Comics Section) 1 There may be neurotics in our audience! 1991 Utne Reader July 109/3 (advt.) The smallest village 20 miles outside of New York City may be tiny, but it has a hot newspaper with a sophisticated audience. 1993 Locus Oct. 4/1 I'm a writer who has an ongoing dialog with an audience, and what that audience tells me feeds back into my work. 2008 Vanity Fair June 91/2 Like any blog site but grossly magnified due to the mass scale of its audience and influence, Daily Kos is a schizophrenic enterprise. c. Those people who listen to or watch a programme broadcast on radio or television, or who access audio or video content via digital media, regarded collectively; (also) all those who regularly follow a particular programme, podcast, channel, etc. ΘΚΠ society > communication > broadcasting > audience > [noun] audience1927 1922 Oneonta (N.Y.) Daily Star 13 Mar. 4/1 He addressed not only a congregation that packed the church but also a radio audience..numbering probably upwards of 200,000 persons.] 1927 N.Y. Times 18 Mar. 27 Radio as a system of mass communication with a mass audience..may equalize..educational conditions throughout the country. 1930 S. A. Moseley & H. J. B. Chapple Television viii. 95 The audience can see on the screen of their ‘televisors’, and hear the person who is broadcasting from the studio. 1936 B.B.C. Ann. 85/2 The audience for the daily broadcasts to schools constitutes another special section of the public. 1952 Ann. Reg. 1951 400 Television's For the Children..won an avid audience. 1981 J. Monaco How to read Film (rev. ed.) v. 406 The upscale, influential audience of PBS. 2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 9 July 12/2 Recent television debates between the political leaders attracted large audiences. 8. In extended use: those people who admire, support, or take a consistent interest in a particular person, area of artistic activity, idea, etc.; (also) those people who are regarded as likely to be interested in such a person or thing. ΚΠ 1839 Musical World 17 Jan. 33 The choral music of oratorios..will never want a large and increasing audience. 1914 Ann. Rep. Chicago Hist. Soc. 30 A loan exhibition of archaeological objects..from the Chicago area..elicited great attention. Indian Archaeology always attracts an audience. 1947 Kingsport (Tennessee) News 27 Dec. 2/5 Billy Wilder..says there is a growing audience in the United States with a ‘good taste for European pictures’. 1974 S. Marcus Minding Store xv. 303 While the Dior business was directed towards the Establishment customers..Saint Laurent appealed to a much more avant-garde audience. 1992 N.Y. Times 12 July iii. 9/4 Apple wants people to call the Newton a..PDA, rather than a computer, since the Newton is supposed to appeal to a much wider audience than traditional computing tools. 2012 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 29 Mar. Madonna..still has the attention of a devoted audience. Phrases P1. to give audience (to): (a) to listen, pay attention (to); (b) to grant a formal hearing (to); (also in extended use). Now rare. [Compare Anglo-Norman and Old French doner audience, Middle French, French (now literary) donner audience to listen, pay attention (13th cent.), to grant a formal hearing (to a person) (a1377 or earlier), Spanish dar audiencia (late 14th cent.); also Old Frisian audientie jeva, Middle Low German audiencie gēven.] ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > hear [verb (intransitive)] > listen listenc950 hearkena1000 listc1000 lithea1225 yliþea1300 intendc1380 hear1382 to have or give a lista1400 to give audience (to)c1405 c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hengwrt) (2003) §174 They wol yeue yow audience & lokyng & supportacioun in thy presence, & scorne thee in thyn absence. a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) v. l. 235 Now I am gon, whom yeue ye audience [c1450 Harl. 2280 audiens]. a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iv. l. 545 Parde leue broþer..Whan þow me hast yeue an audience Ther-after mayst þow telle all þi sentence. 1533 J. Heywood Mery Play Pardoner & Frere sig. A.i^v I requyre all ye in this prese For to abyde, and gyue dew audyence. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xvi. 109 I refuse to gyf eyris or audiens to thy accusations. 1671 tr. A. Charant Let. conc. Countrys King of Tafiletta 48 in tr. R. Fréjus Relation Voy. Mauritania The King of Morocco usually gives audience at the Gate of this Palace. 1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling i. v. §32 Shall she take no care..how undecently she appear when the King of Kings gives audience? 1771 J. Ryland Serious Ess. on Truths of Gospel 182 He'll bow his ear, And most attentive audience give, to those that merit not to live. 1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece V. xl. 115 To give audience to all who had business to transact with him. 1875 T. T. Stoddart Poems of Seasons 95 The pranksome squirrel, With perk'd ear giving audience To the warbling of the merle! 1921 Times 21 Feb. 6/2 Their brethren in England may find it possible to give audience to the..claims of the Church in Wales. 1999 D. M. Kennedy Freedom from Fear iv. 113 To all of them Roosevelt gave attentive audience. As his visitors talked, FDR would nod in apparent approval. P2. in open (also general) audience: so that everyone can hear; openly, publicly. Now archaic and rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > openness or unconcealedness > [adverb] barelyc950 beforeOE openlyOE nakedly?c1225 in a person's bearda1250 opelyc1275 apertly1297 commonlya1325 opena1325 overtlyc1325 pertlya1375 plainc1380 in (also on) opena1382 in apertc1384 plainlyc1390 in open (also general) audiencea1393 aperta1400 in commonaltya1400 outa1400 without laina1400 in commonc1400 publishlyc1400 pertc1410 in publicc1429 on higha1450 in pert1453 to a person's facea1470 into heightc1480 forthward?1504 but hidel?1507 publicly1534 uncolouredly1561 roundly1563 famously1570 vulgarly1602 above board1603 round1604 displayedly1611 on (also upon) the square?1611 undisguisedly1611 broadly1624 discoveredly1659 unveiledly1661 under a person's nose1670 manifestly1711 before faces1762 publically1797 overboard1834 unashamedly1905 upfront1972 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 1842 There in open Audience Of hem that stoden thanne aboute, He tolde hem. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hengwrt) (2003) §83 Many folk..priuely..conseiled hym certeyn thyng, and conseiled hym the contrarie in general audience. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 102 He seyde in opyn audiens, ‘Thys [is] your place.’ 1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. xiv. f. 37 With blushles face, and vnstaied penne, I meane the woordes..in open audience to pronounce. 1670 W. Annand Pater Noster v. ii. 174 Our Saviour, who hath taught us to pray in secret, and in open audience. 1788 J. Skinner Eccl. Hist. Scotl. II. xxxv. 93 He would preach there in open audience before he died. 1884 M. Thornhill Personal Adventures Magistrate during Indian Mutiny xxii. 217 A Hindoo chieftain..had defied the Emperor in open audience; he fled, the guards pursued him. 1904 Amer. Monthly Rev. of Revs. Mar. 314/2 The two rooms were lined with waiting visitors..awaiting until he would come out and say a few words to them in general audience. P3. Court of Audience n. now historical an English ecclesiastical court under the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Canterbury, originally held by the archbishop in person, but later chiefly by a judge appointed by him, known as an official of audience or an auditor (see auditor n. 4a).The Court of Audience was abolished in 1641 and apparently not revived after the Restoration. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > archbishop's court > [noun] audiencec1451 Court of Audience1467 Audience Court1593 prerogative1604 prerogative court1604 prerogative office1648 officiality1742 commissariat1762 1467 T. Howes in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 562 There ys a newe contryved processe..that is exibited and putte in my lordys Courte of Audience be-fore his Auditoure. 1632 T. E. Lawes Womens Rights iii. l. 223 Sentence of diuorce was giuen..in the Archbishops Court of Audience. 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 192 The Court of Audience held in Pauls Church in London. 1868 Eccl. Appeals p. xxv, in Parl. Papers 1867–8: Accts. & Papers XVIII. With the other Ecclesiastical Courts, the Court of Audience was abolished in 1641, and does not appear to have been revived, by name at least, or as a separate court, after the Restoration. 1889 Solicitors' Jrnl. 9 Feb. 228/1 Formerly the Court of Audience was held in the archbishop's palace, for the consideration of all matters which he chose to reserve for his special hearing. 1982 M. F. Stieg Laud's Lab. vi. 168 The Court of Audience and the Prerogative Court of Canterbury had an original jurisdiction in all ecclesiastical causes. P4. audience of leave n. now historical a farewell interview or meeting; spec. (in diplomacy) a formal leave-taking between a sovereign or government minister and a foreign representative who has been recalled to his or her own country. ΚΠ 1660 W. Lower tr. Relation Voiage Charls II 95 M^r de Thou, Count of Meslay, Embassadour of France, took this day his audience of leave, with the same ceremonies he took the first. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 298. ⁋5 I dropped him a Curtsy, and gave him to understand that this was his Audience of Leave. 1797 E. Marshall Edmund & Eleonora II. xcv. 309 They had their audience of leave, as they were, on the morrow to take their departure for Lisbon. a1827 T. H. Horne in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XVIII. 37/2 Where the Minister, who succeeds one that is recalled, arrives before the departure of the latter..the Minister who is on the point of departing presents him to the Sovereign at his Audience of Leave. 1917 E. Channing Hist. U.S. IV. xv. 420 Pinkney..had his audience of leave on February 28, 1811, and sailed for home. 2000 C. Heywood in A. Hamilton et al. Friends & Rivals in East iii. 90 The next Paget heard was that Van Heemskerck had been given his audience of leave; again he wrote..that no further letters for the king be given him, but he was too late. P5. right of audience n. (also rights of audience) Law (in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries) the right of a legal representative to appear in a court of law and conduct a case on behalf of a client.Regulations regarding right of audience vary between countries and over time. In England and Wales, barristers have full rights of audience in all courts; traditionally, solicitors only appeared in the county courts and magistrates' courts but they may now obtain rights of audience in higher courts. ΚΠ 1743 G. Reynolds Hist. Ess. Govt. Church of Eng. i. 27 Justinian..provided, that the Bishop in civil Actions of the Monks and Clergy, should proceed summarily..directing, that his Right of Audience should devolve to the secular Magistrate. 1897 Law Notes Jan. 348/1 His Honour..does not stop to consider the obvious injustice of taking away from the solicitors their present statutory right of audience in these courts. 1961 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 1 Nov. 14/6 The actual conduct of the prosecution in court is entrusted to members of the Bar in those courts where they have exclusive right of audience. 2003 Daily Tel. 23 Oct. i. 19/8 There are now nearly 2,000 solicitors with the same rights of audience as barristers. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. In sense 3, as audience chair, audience room, audience speech, etc. ΚΠ 1637 W. Crowne True Relation Trav. T. Howard 31 To the Audience-roome..and thorow other faire chambers. 1659 W. Montagu Shepheard's Paradise iii. 71 The Queen Sir, is going to the audience-seat, and tis time for you to move that way. 1688 P. Pett Happy Future State of Eng. Pref. sig. H^v A Popish Ambassador sent to Queen Elizabeth began his Audience Speech. 1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav.* IV. xciv. 226 His audience chair is under a canopy, over which is the emperor's picture. a1799 J. Meikle Solitude Sweetened (1803) lii. 118 This is the time that God will talk with men in a special manner;—the audience-hour of the great King. 1878 H. M. Stanley Through Dark Continent I. xv. 398 The court before the audience-hall. 1883 ‘M. Twain’ Life on Mississippi ii. 39 The chief's house contained an audience room forty feet square. 1899 Daily News 20 July 6/4 On Sunday all are at liberty to call and see the King, even without the formality of an audience paper to fix an appointment. 1911 E. Wherry Red Lantern i. 38 This..had once been the audience court of a great mandarin. 1922 H. M. Rockey & H. B. Hunting Wonderland of India ii. 22 The ruins of the fort, including the great public audience hall where every morning Akbar held court, may still be seen. 2003 J. C. Martin Push not River 449 The king sat on his audience chair under its elaborate canopy. b. In sense 7, as audience area, audience member, audience part, audience reaction, etc. ΚΠ 1749 W. R. Chetwood Gen. Hist. Stage 71 The Audience Part is ornamented with rich Embellishment. 1812 Dramat. Censor for 1811 99 The hall, or audience part of the House, to comprise the segment of a circle. 1848 Mirror Mar. 215 Various important improvements have taken place in the audience portion of the house, which will materially contribute to the comfort and enjoyment of the public. 1894 P. H. Fitzgerald Savoy Opera & Savoyards 133 A sort of stage or scaffold was raised in the stalls to enable them [sc. the authors] to have the correct ‘audience view’ of all that was doing. 1921 Bookman May 223/1 It is difficult for them to imagine the novel made into a successful photoplay; they cannot so readily picture audience reaction. 1945 Billboard 25 Aug. 6 A station stunt that brought a heavy audience response. 1966 BBC Handbk. 73 The measurement of audience size. 1992 S. Fry Paperweight (1993) 378 Off-the-shelf tapes of general audience laughter are dubbed onto soi-disant amusing programmes. 1999 A. Howell Anal. Performance Art iv. 49 A raised stage would establish a difference between performance area and audience area. 2007 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 2 Dec. ii. 25/2 Flinging put-downs..at delighted audience members..he is clearly the grandmaster of insult comedy. 2012 Deseret News (Salt Lake City) (Nexis) 4 May In an effort to expand its audience demographic, the station launched two successful local talk shows. C2. a. audience chamber n. a room, esp. one in a palace, in which a monarch or other distinguished person receives visitors on formal business; cf. presence chamber n. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > room by type of use > [noun] > audience-chamber chamber of presence1538 presence1548 presence chamber1551 audience chamber1625 salutatory1641 salle d'audiencec1660 presence room1690 durbar1793 1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes II. ix. xv. 1582 (margin) Audience Chamber. Faire Court. 1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea II. xxxi. 185 The throne in the audience-chamber is of velvet. 1882 Cent. Mag. Apr. 810/2 The great audience-chamber of the official palace is an immense hall, with lofty ceiling. 2005 Austin (Texas) Amer.-Statesman (Nexis) 4 Apr. e1 After the Mass, all those in attendance were ushered into an audience chamber, and the Holy Father soon entered. b. audience appeal n. attractiveness to a (target) group of viewers, listeners, or readers; (also) the potential to appeal to or to attract a large audience. ΚΠ 1923 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 23 Sept. 6/7 It could be possible..to reiterate over and over again the tremendous audience appeal in the picture as a whole. 1950 L. A. G. Strong Which I Never ii. 48 I was thinking less of intrinsic quality, of skill, than of what I believe is termed audience appeal. 1979 H. J. Gans Deciding what's News iv. 126 Prior publication is taken to be a sign that the topic has audience appeal. 1992 B. M. Owen & S. S. Wildman Video Econ. v. 164 Until network programs are broadcast, it is impossible to predict their audience appeal. Audience Court n. a court in which an audience or judicial hearing is held; spec. = Court of Audience n. at Phrases 3. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > archbishop's court > [noun] audiencec1451 Court of Audience1467 Audience Court1593 prerogative1604 prerogative court1604 prerogative office1648 officiality1742 commissariat1762 1593 R. Cosin Apol. for Sundrie Proc. (rev. ed.) i. xii. 89 An olde written booke of Acts Ecclesiasticall, sped in the Audience Court of the Archbishop of Canterbury. 1614 T. Adams Deuills Banket (new ed.) 126 Our consciences take no notice of our owne iniquities; but they complaine in the audience-Court of Heaven. 1809 tr. A. L. J. de Laborde View of Spain II. 46 There is a royal audience court at Seville, and the intendant of the province of Andalusia, or of the kingdom of Seville, resides there. 1834 A. Jameson Visits & Sketches III. 8 The principal durbar, or largest audience-court of the palace, was thrown open on this occasion. 1911 H. L. Yen Surv. Constit. Devel. China iii. 94 The prince..placed some soldiers behind the walls of the audience-court to assassinate him. 2008 J. A. Brundage Medieval Origins Legal Profession x. 420 The archbishop of Canterbury's audience court held sessions only about once every three weeks. audience-friendly adj. readily understood or appreciated by a group of viewers, listeners, or readers; having popular appeal. ΚΠ 1985 Adweek (U.S.) (Nexis) 18 July 8/3 The name of the game..is to create a kind of radio over the air that is audience-friendly. 1996 N.Y. Mag. 23 Dec. 141/3 The new regime has already taken firm charge and many seem relieved by the promise of a more audience-friendly repertory. 2011 Guardian (Nexis) 5 Aug. 4 Every Hollywood executive is looking for an audience-friendly film. audience involvement n. the degree to which an audience engages with or relates to a particular medium; (also) = audience participation n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > broadcasting > audience > [noun] > audience participation request1928 audience participation1932 audience involvement1950 1950 Rev. Educ. Res. 20 211 Experimentation with technics to improve large-group communication has been directed toward increasing audience involvement and participation. 1964 M. McLuhan Understanding Media xxxi. 312 The cool TV medium..creates audience involvement. 1996 Times (Electronic ed.) 18 Dec. Audience involvement is limited to the occasional hokey-cokey. The cast do buttonhole the guests..but their gambits are mostly hectoring. 2002 Inc. Sept. 115/2 (advt.) An electronic whiteboard is a convenient way to increase audience involvement. audience participation n. involvement of an audience in some aspect of a performance; esp. the involvement of viewers or listeners in some aspect of a programme broadcast on radio or television. ΘΚΠ society > communication > broadcasting > audience > [noun] > audience participation request1928 audience participation1932 audience involvement1950 1932 Stevens Point (Wisconsin) Daily Jrnl. 22 Oct. 3/3 Songs of the harvest and airs of the homeland will be provided for audience participation. 1940 E. McGill Radio Directing x. 201 On audience-participation broadcasts the script is no more than a guide-post. 1948 Penguin Music Mag. Feb. 52 Intelligent audience-participation is more and more possible. 1963 N. Coward Diary 17 Mar. (2000) 530 What I predicted about the New York theatre parties killing audience participation has come true. 1990 Cook's May 80/3 Tourists packed this London spot for the juggling acts, Renaissance-style feasts.., and a heavy dose of audience participation. 1995 Guardian 18 Sept. ii. 11/5 The prommers did as John Drummond asked and kept audience participation to a minimum. 2004 Time Out N.Y. 30 Dec. 54/2 This audience-participation show of jazzed-up..nursery rhymes. audience rating n. originally U.S. (in singular) a measure of the proportion of the total available audience tuned into a television channel, radio station, or programme at a particular time; (hence more generally) (assessment of) audience size or share (usually in plural). ΘΚΠ society > communication > broadcasting > audience > [noun] > size of tune-in1931 rating1935 audience rating1941 Nielsen rating1951 TAM rating1958 reach1959 share1974 1941 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 213 145/1 (note) The average audience rating of an entire week's programs usually lies between 2.0 and 2.3, while the best program of the week..may receive as high a rating as 2.6 or 2.7. 1955 A. Koestler Trail of Dinosaur 91 The radio performances of a Bach cantata and of a sobbing crooner are compared on the same scale of audience-rating. a1974 R. Crossman Diaries (1976) II. 445 This has all paid off in terms of the audience ratings where the B.B.C. has been doing well in the last six months, winning the battle for the audience by its with-itness. 1988 W. Hamilton Lap of Luxury ii. iii. 91 It's Morning had declined in audience ratings from a solid first to barely second among the three network eye-openers. 1999 Times 30 June 7/1 The Sun claimed its hoax proved that the BBC was cutting corners and dropping standards in the pursuit of better audience ratings. audience research n. research designed to establish the size, composition, or characteristics of an audience, esp. one for a radio or television programme. ΘΚΠ society > communication > broadcasting > audience > [noun] > audience research audience research1940 1940 Sandusky (Ohio) Star-Jrnl. 24 June 4/4 Schaefer, head of RKO,..has hired George Gallup's exclusive services in the motion picture field. Gallup, in turn, has organized the Audience Research Institute. 1950 Times 6 Sept. 2/5 An analysis by the B.B.C. Audience Research Department of the social grades of listeners. 1951 B.B.C. Year-bk. 144 The BBC maintains an Audience Research Department to advise it on the habits, tastes, and opinions both of listeners and of viewers. 1998 Scotsman (Nexis) 22 Oct. 17 This is as good an account as I've read of what Birtian broadcasting means. There's the obsession with audience research, the anxiety about political opinion, [etc.]. audience researcher n. a person who carries out audience research. ΚΠ 1947 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 254 163/2 Such classifications as age, sex, income, and education..play such a large role in audience research. This information is..generally available to the audience researcher from a variety of sources. 1959 Observer 8 Feb. 18/3 I.T.V...is now estimated by the audience-researchers to have an average daily audience or viewing public of 5,250,000. 1976 New Scientist 16 Dec. 668/2 The Beeb's audience researchers jog people's memories about what they might have watched. This is not a promising start. 2004 J. Newman Videogames v. 82 Audience researchers..have pointed to the ways in which meaning is produced and texts are made to make sense by their users and readers. audience share n. Broadcasting an estimate of the percentage of households viewing or listening to a particular television or radio station during a specific period of time, used as a measure of popularity; cf. sense share n.² 2f. ΚΠ 1953 N.Y. Times 20 Aug. 39/7 (advt.) Just three weeks later..Nielsen ratings and audience share began a steady climb. 1989 Broadcast 18 Aug. 22/1 In television's summer dog days, riddled with repeats, thoughts turn not to the channel's struggle for audience share but to viewing as a whole. 2005 Austral. Financial Rev. (Sydney) 22 Aug. 49/1 Media buyers claimed that Ten's audience share and revenue would be squeezed by the big programs on Seven and Nine. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1387
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