liev.¹

Brit.

/lʌɪ/, U.S.

/laɪ/

Forms: 1. Infinitive.

α. Old English licga (Northumberland), Old English licgan, Old English licgean, Middle English ligen, Middle English liggan, Middle English liggen, Middle English ligyn, Middle English luggen /y/, Middle English lyegge, Middle English lyg, Middle English lyge, Middle English lygge, Middle English lyggyn, Middle English–1500s (1600s–1800s dialect) lig, Middle English–1500s (1600s–1800s dialect) ligg. OE Beowulf 3082 Lete hyne licgean, þær he longe wæs.c1160 Hatton Gosp. John v. 6 Þa se hælend ge-seah þisne liggan.c1175 Lamb. Hom. 79 Ho..letten hine liggen half quic.a1275 Prov. Ælfred 467 in Old Eng. Misc. 131 He sal ligen long anicht.a1275 Death 118 in Old Eng. Misc. 174 Nu þu schalt wrecche liggen ful stille.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11395 Þer he scal liggen.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3169 He bad him ligge and slepe wel.a1340 R. Rolle Psalter v. 4 I sall noght lige in fleschy lustis.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5309 I will me lig to dei.c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxv. 118 Whare þe emperour schall ligge on þe morue.1425 Ordinances Whittington's Alms-house (modernized text) in J. Entick New Hist. London (1766) IV. 354 A..little house..in which he shall lyegge and rest. c1440 [see β. forms]. 1483 Cath. Angl. 216/1 To Lyg in wayte.1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Sept. 254 There mayst thou ligge in a vetchy bed.1651 T. Randolph et al. Hey for Honesty iii. i. 21/1 Liggen in strommel.a1652 R. Brome Eng. Moor i. iii. 13 in Five New Playes (1659) Make thy bed fine and soft I'le lig with thee.1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 30 To Lig: to lye, Var. Dial.

β. Middle English lai, Middle English leȝe, Middle English ley-n, Middle English li, Middle English lien, Middle English ligen, Middle English lii, Middle English lij, Middle English lin, Middle English liyn, Middle English lyen, Middle English lyȝe, Middle English lyin, Middle English lyn, Middle English lyne, Middle English lyyn, Middle English–1700s ly, Middle English–1800s lye, Middle English– lie. See also lig v.1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1137 He ne myhte..ne sitten ne lien ne slepen.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 6020 & nile he nohht tær inne lin. ▸ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xi. 6 The parde with the kide shal leyn.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3778 He..þar-on laid his hefd to li [Fairf. 14 ly].c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 68 I lete it lie still.1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 13554 Lat hym lyn a whyle stylle.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 304/2 Lyyn or lyggyn (K. lyin or ligyn), jaceo.1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxlii. 277 They..charged hym to lye still.c1480 (a1400) St. James Less 482 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 164 & þare wele foure dais can þai ley but met & drink.1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. ix. 446 He might lie many years in a prison.

2. Present indicative. a. 1st singular.

α. Old English licge, Middle English lige, Middle English ligge, Middle English–1500s 1600s– (1800s dialect) lig.

β. Middle English liy, Middle English–1800s lye, Middle English– lie, 1500s ly.

a1240 Lofsong in Cott. Hom. 211 Ase ich ligge lowe.c1275 Laȝamon Brut 14137 Ihc ligge faste bi-clused in on castle.1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 417 I..ligge abedde in lenten.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 3612 Here..i liy [Vesp. lig, Fairf. lye] in bedd of care.1432 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 22 j matres y^t I lige on.1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 610/1 I lye a bedde.c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lvii. 2 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 59 On thee I ly.1688 Levinz in J. Keble Life T. Wilson: Pt. I (1863) iii. 99 When I lye under the confinement of my melancholy retreat.1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth II. 148 Thinking that I lig so nigh, The Lass I Love.1802 S. T. Coleridge Ode to Rain 5 O Rain! that I lie listening to.1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 2 At neet I lig me down. b. 2nd singular.

α. Old English ligest, Old English ligst, Old English líst, Middle English lise (northern), Middle English list, Middle English lyes (northern), Middle English lyis (northern), Middle English lyst, Middle English–1800s lyest, Middle English– liest /ˈlaɪɪst/, 1500s–1600s ly'st.

β. Middle English lyggest, Middle English lyggyst.

OE Genesis 734 Þær þu gebunden ligst.c1000 Ælfric Joshua vii. 10 Aris nu..hwi list ðu neowel on eorþan.c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 103 Wi list þu turnd on þe eorðe?a1275 Death 84 in Old Eng. Misc. 172 Nu þu list [v.r. lyst] on bere.c1386 G. Chaucer Manciple's Tale 172 Now listow deed [v.rr. lyst thow, liest thou, lyes thou].c1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 159 Heyl, Lord over lordys, that lyggyst ful lowe.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xxi. ii Here now thow lyggest.a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) v. ii. 156 Whil'st thou ly'st warme at home.1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1663 Thou..now ly'st victorious Among thy slain.1877 C. Patmore Unknown Eros xviii. 78 Where..On pallet poor Thou lyest, stricken sick. c. 3rd singular.

α. Old English ligeþ, Old English ligþ, Old English líþ, Middle English leiþ, Middle English liȝth, Middle English liht, Middle English ligið, Middle English lijth, Middle English liþ, Middle English lithe, Middle English lyȝt, Middle English lyhth, Middle English lyþe, Middle English–1500s lieth (now archaic), Middle English–1500s lyith, Middle English–1500s lyth, Middle English–1500s lythe, Middle English–1600s lyeth; also (with ending originally northern) Old English liges, Middle English lijs, Middle English lis, Middle English lise, Middle English lyse, Middle English–1500s liis, Middle English–1500s lyese, Middle English–1500s lyis, Middle English–1700s lyes, Middle English– lies /laɪz/, 1500s lisz (Scottish), 1500s lyisz (Scottish), 1500s lysz (Scottish). a900 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 893 (Parker) Seo ea..lið ut of þæm wealda.c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. viii. 6 Cnaeht min liges in hus eorð-cryppel.a1100 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 675 (Laud) Medeshamstede..& eal  þær to liggeð.a1100 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 792 His lic ligð æt Tinan muþe.c1220 Bestiary 24 Ðanne he lieð to slepen.a1300 Cursor Mundi 2117 Þis land lies mast vnto þe south.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 889 In ðe weie ðe ligið to salem.1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. i. 115 Lucifer louwest liȝth of hem alle.c1369 G. Chaucer Bk. Duchesse 181 A-wake..who lyeth there [v.rr. lythe, liþe]. ▸ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. viii. 6 My child lyeth [?c1425 BL Add. 11858 liggeth; a1425 L.V. lijth]..sike.c1425 Hampole's Psalter Metr. Pref. 26 This same sauter..is þe self..That lyȝt at hampole.1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay 84 To say..that thair lisz mair pardone to ony oder prayer.c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 5369 Teutra..here in tombe lis.c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) iv. 76 Sum can nocht keip hir gap Fra lansing, as scho lyiss.1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 247 I haue na knawledge quhair the Court lyis.1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 28 As much as in mee lyeth.1611 Bible (King James) Neh. ii. 3 When the city..lyeth waste.1645 J. Milton On University Carrier ii, in Poems 29 Here lieth one who [etc.].1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements i. 22 That side which lyeth betwixt the equall angles.1675 Earl of Essex Lett. (1770) 88 That part of the town which..lyes to the water.1711 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1889) III. 133 His skill indeed chiefly lyes in Coyns.

β. Middle English liggith, Middle English–1500s liggeth, Middle English–1500s liggeþ; also Middle English liges, Middle English liggus, Middle English ligis, Middle English ligus, Middle English lygez, Middle English lygges, Middle English lygys, 1500s 1600s–1800s dialect liggs, 1500s 1600s–1800s dialect ligs. a1300 Cursor Mundi 2033 Þi fader slepand..Liggus [Gött. lis, Fairf. lyse, Trin. liþ] here-oute.a1400–50 Alexander 5173 A cabayne quare þe kyng liggis.c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1792 A dogge..þat in a dych lygges.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. ii. 18 Gif hym that that ligys thore?1597 R. Tofte Laura ii. iii. sig. C1^v Ah happie thrice that liggs in loue with thee.1605 W. Camden Remaines ii. 59 Iohn Bell broken-brow Ligs vnder this stean.1773 R. Fergusson Poems 120 When Phœbus ligs in Thetis lap.1849 G. P. R. James Woodman III. vii. 139 I can find out for him, where liggs the pretty lass.1865 S. Evans Brother Fabian's MSS 52 Bold Robin he liggeth here.

d. Plural.

α. Old English licgaþ, Old English licgeaþ, Middle English ligge, Middle English liggeð, Middle English liggiþ, Middle English liggyn, Middle English lygge, Middle English (1500s archaic) liggen; also northern Middle English ligges, Middle English liggez, Middle English liggis. OE Andreas (1932) 1426 Nu sint sionwe toslopen, is min swat adropen, licgað æfter lande loccas todrifene, fex on foldan.c1175 Lamb. Hom. 49 We liggeð in heueð sunnen.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 6355 Þere hii liggeþ.a1300 Cursor Mundi 25965 Al ur sin þat we..ligges in [Fairf. lien].1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. ii. 105 Thei liggen to-gedere. ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 403 They..Stondeþ, sitteþ, liggeþ, and slepeþ. ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 193 Þey ligge [Caxton lygge] vpriȝt.a1400–50 Alexander 772* Þar liggez lymmes of laddes.a1400–50 Alexander 4845 Þai seȝe doun sodanly slane of þaire blonkis..& in þe strete liggis.1486 Bk. St. Albans E vij b The Forchers that liggyn euen between The ij theys of the beest.1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. May 217 Many wyld beastes liggen in waite.

β. Middle English lien, Middle English lin, Middle English lyȝn, Middle English lyun, Middle English–1500s lyen, Middle English–1800s ly, Middle English–1800s lye, Middle English– lie; also northern Middle English lijs, Middle English–1500s lyes (Scottish), Middle English–1500s lyis (Scottish). a1100 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 963 (Laud) Ealle þa þorpes þe ðærto lin.1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 1137 Þe landes þe lien to þe circe wican.c1230 Hali Meid. 3 Al þat bitter bale þat ter lieð under.c1374 G. Chaucer Compl. Mars 5 Ye lovers that lye [v.r. ben] in eny drede.a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2266 In caue þei lyen, & slepen samen y-fere.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5340 Þar lijs [Fairf. lyes] our heldres.c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xxiv. 255 Thei lyȝn in Tentes.1448 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 8 All the bemes that lyen by hemself.c1480 (a1400) St. Luke 80 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 248 Ger þame ryse þat lyis law.a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. iii. sig. a.vii Whiche Ladyes were buryed..and now there lyen in shryne.c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 7966 Þe grekes, þat on oure ground lyun.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 54 Sum monstruous gret amang thame lyis to the coste of Carrik.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 148 In tyme of neid lyes the Pechtis abak w^t thair supporte.c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas i. in Wks. (1898) I. 101 Troy..Whose ruines poore, which low in ashes lye.1711 J. Greenwood Ess. Pract. Eng. Gram. 197 Place and Things that ly upward.1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. II. 428 Here lie the remains of Giacomo Sanseverini.a1785 A. Parsons Trav. (1808) i. 12 Pebbles, which have been dug up..and now lye in heaps.

3. Present subjunctive Old English licge, Middle English ligg, Middle English ligge, Middle English lyg, Middle English– lie, 1500s lig, 1500s–1600s ly, 1500s–1600s lye. c1000 Laws of Wihtræd (Schmid) c. 25 Licge butan wyr~gelde.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 312 Nanmon ne leten in..ne ne ligge ute.1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 3507 If any fal in dedly syn Ryse he up, and ligg noght lang þar-in.c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 411 If þow þus ligge a day or two or þre.c1375 Lay Folks Mass Bk. (MS B.) 593 Wheþer we ryde, or be goande, lyg, or sitt. ▸ c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 272 That he lie with the lord in oon bed.a1586 W. Dunbar in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 114 That he be lost or with me lig [c1507 lak].1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 31 How lang saevir the frost ly.1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. vii. 61 If my forme lie there. 4. Imperative (a) singular Old English lig, Old English lige, Middle English li, Middle English liȝ, Middle English liȝe, Middle English ly, Middle English–1800s lig (northern), Middle English–1800s ligg (northern), Middle English– lie

/laɪ/, 1500s–1700s lye; (b) plural Middle English liggeth, Middle English– lie. c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 118 Lige on þa sidan þe [etc.].?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 214 Ne li þu naut stille.a1275 Death 137 in Old Eng. Misc. 176 Li [v.r. ly] awariede bali þat neauer þu ne arise.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14334 Liȝe þer.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9030 Passent liȝ [c1300 Otho ly] nu þer.c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 904 (953) Li stil and lat me slepe.c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 899 (948) Liggeth stille and taketh hym right here.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. ii. 21 Lig down ther and take thi rest.c1650 Christopher White iv, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1886) II. iv. 439 Come, sweet wench, and ligg thy loue on mee.1680 T. Otway Orphan i. 9 Lye still, my Heart. 5. Past indicative. a. Strong. (i). 1st and 3rd singular Old English læg, Old English læig, Middle English læi, Middle English læie, Middle English læiȝe, Middle English laȝȝ ( Ormulum), Middle English lai, Middle English leai, Middle English leȝ, Middle English leȝe, Middle English leghe, Middle English lei, Middle English leie, Middle English leiȝe, Middle English leye, Middle English leyȝe, Middle English lye, Middle English–1500s la (Scottish), Middle English–1500s laie, Middle English–1500s laye, Middle English–1600s ley, Middle English– lay

/leɪ/. OE Beowulf 1532 Hit on eorðan læg.11.. Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Cotton MS.) ann. 1052 Þætte on Sandwic læig.c1160 Hatton Gosp. Mark ii. 4 Þæt bed þe se lame on laiȝ.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3692 He laȝȝ..i cribbe.c1220 Bestiary 42 In a ston stille he lai til it kam ðe dridde dai.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4870 Vaspasien mid his monnen. læiȝe [c1300 Otho lay] at Exchæstre. ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 107 His body lay in þe streete..unburied.c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2006 Þe leude lystened ful wel, þat leȝ in his bedde.c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 214 Her fax..On schylderez þat leghe.c1420 Chron. Vilod. (Horstm.) 4459 He lye euery-presonede stylle in þat castelle.1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lvij^v His Purse..laye vpon his bed.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 86 To ly hidd as he la.1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones VI. xviii. vi. 212 I lay seven Years in Winchester Goal.1847 L. Hunt Jar of Honey (1848) x. 131 Sicily lay at our feet. (ii). 2nd singular Old English lǽge, Middle English læiȝe, Middle English lai, Middle English lay, 1600s laist, 1800s lay'st. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2508 Þa wombe þe þu læie [c1300 Otho leye] inne swa longe.a1300 Cursor Mundi 23500 Quat þou did and in credel lai [other texts lay].1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd i. 247 The Manger where thou lais't. (iii). Plural Old English lágon, Old English légon (Northumberland), Old English lǽgon, Middle English laien, Middle English leien, Middle English leiȝen. Also Middle English– uninflected.c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. ix. 36 Legon suæ scip næfdon hiorde.a1275 Passion Lord 195 in Old Eng. Misc. 42 Þe Gywes vp asturte þat leyen in þe grunde.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3830 Boþe stede & king leye sone atte grounde.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10571 Þar efterson þai samen lai.c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 8243 The ladies o lofte leghen to waite.1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxxiij^v His seignorie and power laie in those partes. b. Weak 1500s liggit (Scottish), 1500s–1600s (dialect) (1700s–1800s archaic) ligged, 1800s lied, 1800s lig'd (dialect). 1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus i. f. 20 Behind the Bus..I liggit law.a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 456 Their Cels and Commoratories where they ligged.1748 J. Thomson Castle of Indolence 595 Here whilom ligg'd th' Esopus of the age.1813 T. Busby in tr. Lucretius Nature of Things I. Dissert. 14 Bright eminences and fertile vallies lied in his way.1813 T. Busby tr. Lucretius Nature of Things vi. Comm. 25 Those who, by death or desertion, were deprived of their friends and domestics, lied unburied in their houses.1879 E. Arnold Light of Asia iii. 50 In which calm home of happy life and love Ligged our Lord Buddha. 6. Past subjunctive Old English lǽge, Old English lǽgen (plural), Middle English læie, Middle English laye, Middle English leie, Middle English leye, Middle English leyȝe, Middle English– lay

/leɪ/, 1600s ley. Etc., as in past ind.c893 tr. Orosius Hist. i. i. §14 He sæde þæt he..wolde fandian hu longe þæt land norþryhte læge.a1175 Lamb. Hom. 33 Þah þu leie in ane prisune.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11105 Þat his folc gode aswunden ne læie þere [c1300 Otho leye].c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iv. 1532 (1560) If þis were wist my lif lay [v.r. leye] in balaunce.c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 16 It were good þat he lay [Add. MS. leyȝe] & traueilide wiþ hise hondis.1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 v. ii. 47 O would the quarrel lay vpon our heads.1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth ii. 195 If the ballast ley more at one end, it would dip towards that pole. 7. Present participle Old English liccend (Northumberland), Old English licend (Northumberland), Old English licgende, Middle English leing, Middle English liend, Middle English liende, Middle English lieng, Middle English ligand, Middle English ligande, Middle English liggande, Middle English liggend, Middle English liggeng, Middle English ligging, Middle English liggonde, Middle English liggyng, Middle English liggynge, Middle English liging, Middle English ligonde, Middle English liynge, Middle English lyende, Middle English lyggande, Middle English lyggynde, Middle English lyng, Middle English lyond, Middle English lyynge, Middle English–1500s liand, Middle English–1500s liande, Middle English–1500s lyand, Middle English–1500s lyande, Middle English–1500s lyeng, Middle English–1500s lyenge, Middle English–1500s lygging, Middle English–1500s lygginge, Middle English–1500s lyggyng, Middle English–1500s lyggynge, Middle English–1500s lyinge, Middle English– lying

/ˈlaɪɪŋ/, 1500s liyng, 1600s lyeing, 1800s ligging (dialect). c950 Lindisf. Gosp. John v. 6 Ðionne miððy gesæh se hælend licgende [Rushw. licende].c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 183 Þus doð þe libbende frend to-ȝenes þe liggende.c1315 Shoreham 122 Lyggynde ine hare forage.c1325 Song Mercy 57 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 120 In harde prisoun lyng. ▸ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. viii. 14 He say his wyues moder liggynge [a1425 Christ Church Oxf. lyende; a1425 L.V. liggynge].a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6130 For was na hus in al þat land þat þar ne was ded man ligand [Fairf. 14 liggande, Trin. Cambr. ligond].a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 3384 Þe landes lyand towarde þe est.1436 Rolls of Parl. IV. 498/1 As Felons..in awayte lyggyng.c1440 Generydes 3027 In the feld he left hym liggeng.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xviii. xx The fayrest corps lyenge in a ryche bedde.1496 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 175 The Soueraigne leing in the dokke.a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 227 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 102 Lyand in lichory laith vnloveable.1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay 64 Liand in his bed.c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12666 Þe buernes..Left hym þer lyond.1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. iv. f. 39 The fore front alwaies defending the reste of the worcke lieng behind.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 5 The vthir syd lyeng toward Spane.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 9 The mid parte lyeing betuene that and Cheuott hillis.1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 597 A merchantman lying at the quay took fire.1864 Ld. Tennyson Northern Farmer: Old Style i, in Enoch Arden, etc. 128 Wheer 'asta beän saw long and meä liggin' 'ere aloän? 8. Past participle. a. Strong Old English gelegen, Old English legen, Middle English i-læien, Middle English i-lei, Middle English i-leien, Middle English i-leye, Middle English leie, Middle English leien, Middle English leiȝen, Middle English lein, Middle English leye, Middle English leyen, Middle English leyn, Middle English leyne, Middle English ligen, Middle English liggen, Middle English lin, Middle English line, Middle English loyen, Middle English loyn, Middle English lye, Middle English lygyn, Middle English lyin (Scottish), Middle English y-lay, Middle English y-leie, Middle English yleiȝe, Middle English y-leighe, Middle English y-leine, Middle English y-leye, Middle English y-leyen, Middle English y-lie, Middle English y-ly, Middle English–1500s lyn, Middle English–1600s laine, Middle English–1600s layn, Middle English–1600s layne, Middle English–1600s lyne, Middle English–1700s layen, Middle English–1700s lyen, Middle English–1700s (1800s archaic) lien, 1500s lyene, 1600s lay, 1600s li'n, 1600s– lain

/leɪn/. c893 tr. Orosius Hist. v. xiii. §3 Þa heo þæron gelegen wæs.c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 7 Longe we habben lein on ure fule synnes.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 1711 He adde ileye sik.c1320 Sir Beues 2001 (MS A.) In is prisoun.. Ichaue leie þis seuen ȝare.c1325 Lai le Freine 98 Tvay men han y-ly me by.c1330 Arth. & Merl. 4188 (Kölbing) Bi hir he wald haue yleiȝe.1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 3162 Som..Þat..has..lang lygyn in þair syn.1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. v. 259 He haþ leiȝen [C. vii. 330 leye] bi latro, lucifers brother.1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. xi. 276 Þat hadde leyn [B. x. 419 yleine] with lucifer manye longe ȝeris.1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 82 As a leke hadde yleye longe in þe sonne.c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 286 Þei han so longe leyen in so gret cursinge.a1400 K. Alis. (Linc. Inn MS.) 508 A god..þat haþ ylaye by þe quene.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11297 Efter þat sco suld ha lin [Gött. lien, Trin. Cambr. lyn; c1460 Laud lyne] Fourti dais in hir gisin.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10084 Vte o prisun strang þat þai had ligen [Gött. liggen, Trin. Cambr. leyn; c1460 Laud leyne] in sua lang.c1400 Mandeville's Trav. xiii. [ix.] Ȝif here fader had not ben dronken he hadde not yleye with hem.c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine iv. 2090 It were as good thei had loyn in bedde.a1450 Le Morte Arth. 525 How þat he had woundyd bene, And seke he had lye fulle sore.1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 23 Y^e bedde that she hath loyen in.a1500 (?c1450) Merlin v. 86 How a man hadde leyn with hir in semblaunce of the Duke.c1560 R. Morice in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) 25 I wolde yt hadd byn my fortune to have lyn in London.a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. i. sig. O5^v Those flames which had so long layn deade in me.1611 Bible (King James) John xx. 12 Where the body of Iesus had layen.1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον ii. 67 Oft in one shade the hare and hound hath lyne.1650 R. Baxter Saints Everlasting Rest (1651) iii. vi. §24 125 What if you had lien in Hell but one year?1675 Earl of Essex Lett. (1770) 207 An order of Council which had several months lay by me.1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Iliads (1677) 380 I..rolling on the soiled grass have li'n Perpetually, and..wept.1681 Heraclitus Ridens 19 July 1/1 If my life had lain never so much at stake.1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 43 Bricks..had layen in the Place to dry.1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 227 We..found it had lyen much longer conceal'd.1788 Beattie Burns' Wks. II. 141 Lang had she lien wi' buffe and flegs.1871 G. MacDonald Wks. Fancy & Imagination II. 176 At thy holy feet I should have lien.1871 S. Smiles Character iii. 69 I have lain awake all night. b. Weak 1500s ligget (Scottish), 1600s lied, 1800s lig'd (dialect). ▸ ?a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 117 I saw coclinkis..Had bettir lugget in the stockis.1670 I. Barrow Let. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) II. 75 It hath lied by me without looking on for many years.1808 Specimens Yorksh. Dial. (new ed.) 10 Had she lig'd theer lang?

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: A Common Germanic strong verb: Old English licgan = Old Frisian liga, lidsa, lidzia, Old Saxon liggian (Dutch, Low German liggen), Old High German and Middle High German liggen, licken, ligen (modern German liegen), Old Norse liggia (Swedish ligga, Danish ligge), Gothic ligan < Old Germanic *ligjan (the Gothic ligan is abnormal), < Germanic root *leg- (:lag-:lǣg-) < West Aryan *legh- (:logh-:lēgh-) to lie; compare Greek λέχος bed, ἄλοχος bedfellow, wife, λόχος lying in wait, ambush, Latin lectus bed, Old Church Slavonic ležati to lie. As in Old Germanic *sitjan sit v., the present-stem has a j suffix, though the past tense and past participle are strong. In West Germanic and consequently in Old English, the present-stem has two forms, due to the diversity in the phonetic character of the flexional suffixes: (1) The West Germanic lig-, Old English lig-, appears in the 2nd and 3rd person singular present indicative and the singular imperative, and is the source of the modern English lie; (2) the West Germanic ligg-, Old English licg-, appears in the infinitive, the 1st person singular and the plural present indicative, the present subjunctive, and the plural imperative; it is represented in modern northern dialects by lig; the southern lidge has been found only in the Wexford dialect, though the Middle English ligge in southern texts can only represent the pronunciation /lɪdʒə/.

Signification and uses.

I. In senses expressive of bodily posture, and developments of these.

a. intransitive. Of persons or animals: To be in a prostrate or recumbent position. Formerly also with reflexive pronoun.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [verb (intransitive)]

liec1000

harbourc1200

sojournc1290

layc1300

sojourc1330

to make, take (up) one's lodging1362

pilgrimagea1382

bield?a1400

lodgec1400

tarryc1400

to make (one's) residence1433

harbingec1475

harbry1513

stay1554

roost?1555

embower1591

quarter1591

leaguer1596

allodge1601

tenta1616

visit1626

billet1628

to lie abroad1650

tabernacle1653

sojourney1657

canton1697

stop1797

to shake down1858

to hole up1875

perendinate1886

shack1935

cotch1950

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > lie down or recline [verb (intransitive)]

leanc950

resteOE

liec1000

to be laidc1175

layc1300

to lie along1530

recline1578

to horizontalize it1843

recumb1906

cwtch1921

c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 246 Se witega læg and slep.

c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 328 Þa læg sum wædla æt his geate, and his nama wæs Lazarus.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 81 Þes oðer Mon..luueð his sunnen alse deð þet fette swin þet fule fen to liggen in.

a1300 Cursor Mundi 690 Bi þe dere þat now es wild, Als lambe him lai þe leon mild.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 475 Þe children..Leyen and sprauleden in þe blod.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 55 ‘A ha!’ said þe erle, ‘had þat schank ne bien, þou had liggen þer stille, þe risen suld non haf sene.’

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. Prol. 9 As I lay and leonede and lokede on þe watres.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xxix. 2 He sawȝ a pit in the feeld and thre flockis of sheep liggynge bisidis it.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) ii. 6 To ligge ny þe fire.

1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia ii. sig. Rv^v When they haue lien a little space on the grounde, the priest giueth them a signe for to ryse.

1607 T. Dekker Knights Conjuring To Rdr. sig. A4 They that haue once or twice lyen vpon the rack of publicke censure.

1809 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 21 385 The woman having lain during the labour upon her left side.

1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lxxxvii. 130 To hear him, as he lay and read The Tuscan poets on the lawn.

b. with predicative complement expressing condition; e.g. to lie asleep, sick, dead, blind, in a fever. †Also with infinitive (e.g. to lie to die).

ΚΠ

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) viii. 6 Min cnapa lið on minum huse lama.

1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 1135 (Laud) He lai an slep in scip.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 81 And efre lei þes wreche for-wunden.

a1225 Leg. Kath. 2286 Nalde nawt godd leoten his martirs licomes liggen to forleosen.

a1340 R. Rolle Cant. in Psalter 496 A man þat liggys in a strayte fifere.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 14172 He liþ to deȝe þat lele & trewe.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) lxi. 253 The suster of the Emperoure, þat now lithe in childebed.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xvii. xviii. 715 And anon the kynge sawe hym the whiche had leyne blynd of long tyme.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Tiiii And so sayd saint Laurence whan he laye rostyng on the hyren crate.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 610/1 I lye at the poynte of dethe.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxiiij^v For the duke of Saxonie lay sicke at Collen.

1564 E. Grindal Serm. Funeral Prince Ferdinandus A iv b Aeschilus the Poete lieng on slepe bare headed nere the sea.

1669 S. Pepys Let. 2 Nov. in Diary (1879) VI. 112 My wife..hath layn under a fever so severe, as [etc.].

1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 31 Aug. (1948) I. 348 Ophy Butler's wife there lies very ill of an ague.

1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirlaugh III. 81 For hours she lay awake.

1887 E. Berdoe St. Bernard's 68 The..room where she lay a cripple for so many years.

†c. Used simply = to ‘lie sick’, keep one's bed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > be in ill health [verb (intransitive)] > be restrained by ill health

liea1400

to keep one's bed1534

to be or lie on one's back1841

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8942 War his sekenes neuer sa strang, Ne had he lin neuer sua lang.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur ii. xiii. 91 They..told hym how her lady was seke & had layne many yeres.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 408 Quhen bot schort he had lyne the x of July he departed this lyfe.

d. Expressing the posture of a dead body: To be extended on a bier or the like; to be buried (in a specified place). to lie in state: see state n. Phrases 2c. †In Old English and early Middle English also, To be dead.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)] > be dead

sleepc950

restOE

liea1000

to be deadc1000

to lie lowa1275

layc1300

to be gathered to one's fathersa1382

to be gathered to one's fathers1382

to sup with our Saviour, with Our (the) Lord, with (Jesus) Christa1400

repose1586

slumber1594

to sup in heaven or hell1642

to turn one's toes up to the daisies1842

to be out of the way1881

to push up daisiesa1918

to have had it1942

RIP1962

the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)] > be dead > in specific posture

liea1000

the world > space > place > position or situation > be positioned or situated [verb (intransitive)] > permanently

liea1000

layc1175

OE Beowulf 2745 Nu se wyrm ligeð.

a1000 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 901 (Parker) Æðelwald..sæde þæt he wolde oðer oððe þær libban oððe þær licgan.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 35 Ga to þine feder burinesse oðer þer eni of þine cunne lið in.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2927 We eow wulleð bi-foren. libben oðer liggen [c1300 Otho ligge].

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3892 Ðor he [Aaron] lið doluen on ðat wold.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5340 Þar lijs our heldres, þar sal i li.

c1470 J. Hardyng Chron. clxxix. ii Thyrty thousande with theim liggand ly.

1501 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 83 The holy place where the blyssyd and holy Apostyll Seynt Jamys lyth.

1695 R. Sibbald Autobiogr. (1834) 126 He was buried at Edinburgh in the Gray Frier churchyard, where our other relations lye.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 164. ¶12 Here lie the Bodies of Father Francis and Sister Constance.

1798 W. Wordsworth We are Seven in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 111 Two of us in the church-yard lie, My sister and my brother.

e. To be in one's bed for the purpose of sleeping or resting. Also (now rarely) with qualifying word or phrase, e.g. to lie soft(ly.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > go to bed or retire to rest [verb (intransitive)] > be in bed or lie

liec1290

layc1300

couchc1380

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 102/37 Þare heo leien In heore beden.

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vii. 14 The Neodi and the Nakede nym ȝeeme hou thei liggen.

c1386 G. Chaucer Sir Thopas 200 He nolde slepen in noon hous But liggen in his hoode.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) lxiii. 274 Certenly he desirith wele to ete, swetly to drinke, softely to ligge.

c1480 (a1400) St. Mary Magdalen 312 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 265 Þu in chuchis & silkine clathis lyis ful softe.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. May 125 Tho gan shepheards swaines to looke aloft, And leave to live hard, and learne to ligge soft.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. ii. 6 Hence it is, that lying cold breedeth Dreams of Feare.

1710 S. Centlivre Man's Bewitch'd v. ii. 68 Leave the London Dames..To lig in their Beds till Noon.

1742 Ld. Chesterfield Lett. (1932) (modernized text) II. 503 The people are extremely rude and barbarous, living chiefly upon raw flesh, and lying generally upon the ground, or at the best in tents.

1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. ix You must lie on the bed which you have made for yourself.

f. Hence to lie with (or †by): to have sexual intercourse with. Somewhat archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity with [verb (transitive)] > have sexual intercourse with

mingeOE

haveOE

knowc1175

ofliec1275

to lie with (or by)a1300

knowledgec1300

meetc1330

beliea1350

yknowc1350

touchc1384

deala1387

dightc1386

usea1387

takec1390

commona1400

to meet witha1400

servea1400

occupy?a1475

engender1483

jangle1488

to be busy with1525

to come in1530

visitc1540

niggle1567

mow1568

to mix one's thigh with1593

do1594

grind1598

pepper1600

yark1600

tumble1603

to taste of1607

compressc1611

jumble1611

mix?1614

consort?1615

tastea1616

bumfiddle1630

ingressa1631

sheet1637

carnal1643

night-work1654

bump1669

bumble1680

frig?c1680

fuck1707

stick1707

screw1719

soil1722

to do over1730

shag1770

hump1785

subagitatec1830

diddle1879

to give (someone) onec1882

charver1889

fuckeec1890

plugc1890

dick1892

to make a baby1911

to know (a person) in the biblical sense1912

jazz1920

rock1922

yentz1924

roll1926

to make love1927

shtupa1934

to give (or get) a tumble1934

shack1935

bang1937

to have it off1937

rump1937

tom1949

to hop into bed (with)1951

ball1955

to make it1957

plank1958

score1960

naughty1961

pull1965

pleasurea1967

to have away1968

to have off1968

dork1970

shaft1970

bonk1975

knob1984

boink1985

fand-

a1300 Cursor Mundi 27943 Incest, þat es for to lij Bi þat þi sibman has line bi.

c1330 Arth. & Merl. 852 (Kölbing) Þis maiden..feled al so bi her þi, Þat sche was yleyen bi.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xxvii. 276 He wille not lyȝe with his Wyfes but 4 sithes in the Ȝeer.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur v. xii That none of his lyege men shold defoule ne lygge by no lady.

1504 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) p. lxiv That they shuld not ligg togedder till she came to the age of xvi yeres.

1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay 16 Thay that lysz wit thair kine and bluid.

1611 Bible (King James) Jer. iii. 2 Lift vp thine eyes vnto the high places, and see where thou hast not bene lien with .

a1652 R. Brome Madd Couple Well Matcht i. i, in Wks. (1873) I. 16 You have unlawfully lyen with some woman.

1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 51. ⁋7 Tho' he betrays the Honour and Bed of his Neighbour and Friend, and lies with half the Women in the Play.

1750 G. Jeffreys in J. Duncombe Lett. Several Eminent Persons Deceased (1773) II. 250 He was only beforehand with his double~dealing brother in lying with a prostitute.

2. To assume a recumbent or prostrate position. Chiefly in to lie down, to lie back at Phrasal verbs, etc., for which see branch Phrasal verbs †Also with reflexive pronoun. †Also, to lean or hang over (a wall).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action of leaning on or against something > lean on or against [verb (transitive)] > over

liec1330

prop1908

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > lie down or recline [verb (intransitive)] > lie down or assume reclining position

layc1175

to lie downc1275

liec1330

stretch1828

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 70 Þat maidens miȝt him se And ouer þe walles to lye.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20487 To hir bedd son scho ȝod & lay, Abutte þe time al of midday.

c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) xix. 67 And þerfore let vs make him, þat settith such a dyet in vs, to rise with vs, and lig with vs.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v We shalle go and lye vs for to slepe.

a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 1166 Ladyes lay ouer and be-held.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 610/1 I lye me to slepe, je me mets a dormir.

a1828 Leesome Brand xxxiii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1882) I. i. 183 His mother lay ower her castle wa, And she beheld baith dale and down.

1832 Ld. Tennyson Miller's Daughter xiv, in Poems (new ed.) 40 Down from the wold I came and lay Upon the dewyswarded slope.

a. To be or remain in a specified position of subjection, helplessness, misery, degradation, or captivity; to be kept in prison; to continue in sin, etc. †Also simply = ‘to lie in prison’; sometimes idiomatically to lie by it. to lie by the heels (archaic): see heel n.¹ and int. Phrases 2b.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > be under authority [verb (intransitive)] > be in specific condition of subjection

liec893

society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > be imprisoned [verb (intransitive)]

wake1338

to lie by ita1644

to be in lumber1819

fall1874

to partake of (or enjoy) His (or Her) Majesty's hospitality1894

to go down1906

c893 tr. Orosius Hist. v. i On carcernum lægon.

c1200 Vices & Virtues (1888) 37 Ȝif he..lið on sume heaued-senne.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1374 He haueth me do..ofte in sorwe and pine ligge.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 4307 Alle oþer of þe lordes of þat lond þat þere leie in hold.

c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 39 A long custom to ligge in synne.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur iv. vii We ben here xx knyghtes prysoners..& some of vs haue layne here seuen yere.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 239 b/1 And yet he entended to be his pledge and to lye for him, his charite was so grete.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 610/1 I lye bounde in chaynes.

1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 133 Sa lang in Sin as thow dois ly.

1586 Earl of Leicester Corr. (1844) 277 The auditour also..is worthy to lye by the heeles.

1618 E. Elton Complaint Sanctified Sinner v. 90 Any particular sin wherein thou hast liued and lyen.

1632 P. Massinger Emperour of East iii. i. sig. F^v To free all such as lye for debt.

a1644 F. Quarles Judgem. & Mercy (1646) 13 I must be paid, or hee lie by it untill I have my utmost farthing, or his bones.

a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) ii. 138 Lincoln was like to lye by it, and to be shut out of mercy by an irreversible decree.

1692 R. L'Estrange Life Æsop in Fables (1708) 7 From Lying at the Mercy of Fire, Water, and a Wicked Woman, Good Lord deliver us.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 482 The defendant..was lying in prison as a debtor.

1882 R. L. Stevenson Familiar Stud. Men & Bks. 265 His brother still lay by the heels for an unpatriotic treaty with England.

b. to lie under: to be subject to (some disadvantage or obligation).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > be subject to action or influence

feel1559

to lie under1600

stand1607

to stand under ——a1616

1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iv. i. 171 If this sweete ladie lie not guiltlesse here, Vnder some biting errour.

1682 Ct. Königsmark in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 336 The misfortune which I lay under.

1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome vi. 105 He lay under a sort of a Vow.

1710 J. Addison Whig Examiner No. 4. ⁋9 Any one who reads this letter will lye under the same delusion.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. x. 236 Manila..lies under some disadvantage, from the difficulty there is in getting to sea to the eastward.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vii. 202 In spite of all the restraints under which the press lay.

1866 Duke of Argyll Reign of Law vii. 362 The bondage under which all true Science lies to fact.

a. To remain in a state of inactivity or concealment (not necessarily prone or reclining). Chiefly with adjective complement or past participle. (For to lie close, low, perdu, etc., see those adjectives.)Cf. sense 8, where the subject is a thing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > be or remain in specific state or condition [verb (intransitive)]

siteOE

won971

beOE

standOE

liec1374

rest1429

steadc1500

erdec1540

run1635

welter1847

stop1976

the world > action or operation > inaction > be inactive [verb (intransitive)] > remain inactive

stillc1330

liec1374

stayc1540

to keep one's bill under wing1548

connive1667

to lie by1709

repose1817

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > be or remain in specific state or condition [verb (intransitive)] > of a person or body

liec1374

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, lie or hidden [verb (intransitive)]

mitheeOE

wryOE

darea1225

skulka1300

hidec1330

hulkc1330

dilla1400

droopc1420

shroudc1450

darkenc1475

conceal1591

lie1604

dern1608

burrow1614

obscurea1626

to lie (also stand, stay, etc.) perdu1701

lie close1719

c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) ii. Metr. vii. 47 Liggeth thanne stille al owtrely vnknowable.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 116 By the reson wherof our owne marynerys oft tymys lye idul.

1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies i. xvii. 57 That these nations of the Indies, which have lyen so long hidden, should bee knowne and discovered.

1679 J. Dryden Troilus & Cressida iii. i. 27 We'll none of him: but let him like an Engine Not portable, lye lagg of all the Camp.

1745 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1851) V. 12 We have in this part of the country lain still, both the last Summer and this.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms at Tout le monde bas The order to the ship's crew to lie snug upon deck or below.

1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist III. xlvi. 214 He..resolved to lie concealed within a short distance of the metropolis.

1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist III. xlviii. 249 Do you mean to sell me, or to let me lie here till this hunt is over?

1885 U. S. Grant Pers. Mem. I. xx. 269 They were growing impatient at lying idle so long, almost in hearing of the guns of the enemy.

b. to lie in ambush, in wait, †in await (see the nouns). †to lie for = to lie in wait for. to lie at catch or upon the catch (? archaic or dialect): to set oneself to entrap a person, to be captious. (For to lie at lurch, at ward, on one's guard, see the nouns.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > lie in wait for

keepc1000

waitc1200

aspya1250

awaita1250

wait onc1390

to wait on ——1390

forestall1413

belay1470

to lay fora1513

waylay1513

forelay1548

ambush1555

counterwait1562

to lie for1611

set1670

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > set a trap [verb (intransitive)]

lurea1591

to lie at catch or upon the catch1611

to draw the badger1817

springe1895

to give the snap away1900

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > misleading argument, sophistry > excessive subtlety, hair-splitting > frivolous, captious objection > raise captiously [verb (intransitive)]

brabblec1500

cavil1548

shuffle1602

to lie at catch or upon the catch1611

to shuffle up and down1633

chicane1705

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Aguetté, dogged; watched, waited; lien for.

1620 T. Ryves Vicar's Plea 141 That hee seeme not to lie at catch for an aduantage against his inferiour fellow minister.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 5 Lie at catch, and wait advantages one against another.

1671 T. Shadwell Humorists iii. 38 Dryb... That's stole out of a Play. Craz. What then, that's lawful; 'tis a shifting age for wit, and every body lies upon the Catch.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 307 The Dutch had a rich fleet coming from Smyrna..Holmes was ordered to lye for them..with eight men of war.

1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. I. ii. x. 588 Since he lay upon the watch and catch, only to see what the plaintiff proved.

1879 C. H. Spurgeon Serm. XXV. 329 He only asks the question because it ought to be asked, and does not lie upon the catch.

c. Shooting. Of game-birds: To remain crouching upon the ground. (Also to lie dead.) to lie to the dogs, to the gun: to permit the approach of a dog or the sportsman without ‘rising’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > thing hunted or game > action of game > [verb (intransitive)]

to stand, be (abide obs.) at bayc1314

to steal awayc1369

stalla1425

starta1425

rusec1425

beatc1470

lodgec1470

trason1486

rouse1532

angle1575

bolt1575

to take squat1583

baya1657

watch1677

fall1697

tree1699

to go away1755

to sink the wind1776

to get up1787

to go to ground1797

lie1797

to stand up1891

fly1897

1797 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 441/1 After the birds have been sprung many times, they lie so dead that they will suffer him [the sportsman] almost to tread upon them before they will rise.

1797 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 441/2 Partridges lie much better to dogs that wind them, than to those that follow them by the track.

1797 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 443/1 When..the sportsman perceives the birds running with their heads erect, he must run after them..for he may be pretty certain they will not lie well that day.

1848 Zoologist 6 1964 The Spanish snipe would much less frequently ‘lie’ to the gun.

1886 Ld. Walsingham & R. Payne-Gallwey Shooting (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) II. 6 In Scotland grouse are usually walked up with dogs. The birds in that country lie well... If grouse lie well to dogs..they give easy marks to the gunner.

d. to lie on or upon one's arms, oars, sculls, to lie upon wing: see the nouns.

a. To dwell or sojourn; esp. to sleep or pass the night (in a place), to lodge temporarily. Now rare or archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [verb (intransitive)] > overnight

liec1330

nighta1400

pausec1450

pernoctate1623

to stay over1884

overnight1891

sleep1975

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 312 At Sant Katerine hous þe erle Marschalle lay.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 166 Þe king edwardes newe at glouseter þat ligges.

1415 in 43rd Ann. Rep. Deputy Keeper Public Rec. (1882) App. i. 584 in Parl. Papers (C. 3425) XXXVI. 1 And yat neghte I lay at Kengston.

a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) 167 Prage, wher the king of Boeme doth ly much whan he is in the countre.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iv. 141 [He] kept a better house, than any Ambassadour did, that euer lay at Constantinople.

1695 W. Congreve Love for Love i. i. 11 I think your Father lies at Foresight's.

1721 London Gaz. No. 5980/3 The Exeter Carrier has lain at the Saracen's Head Inn..for many Years past.

1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. vi. 53 He refused, as he was to lie that night at a neighbour's.

1776 H. Walpole Let. to W. Mason 16 Apr. She lay at home..or according to the chaste modern phrase, slept there.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. viii. 295 He lay that night at the deanery.

b. spec. of a host or army (or its leader): To be encamped, to have or take up a position in a field. †to lie in leaguer: see leaguer n.¹ 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (intransitive)] > take up position

liec1275

stalla1425

sleeve1598

to draw up1642

to take post1659

concentrate1813

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 327 He..leai þer-abuten & abat his bale-siðes.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur ii. vi For the kyng Ryons lyeth at a syege atte castel Tarabil.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xv. 239 The saisnes..laye that nyght stille armed.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxi. 213 Y^e admyrall that lay at sege before y^e castell.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cclix The kyng laie before Bullein, and was like to haue conquered thesame.

1644 J. Vicars Jehovah-jireh 146 Their Forces which had lyen long before Sherborne.

a1671 T. Fairfax Short Mem. (1699) 28 At Wakefield, six miles off, lay three thousand of the enemy.

1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 71 The Army lay under their Arms all Night.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 294 Near the capital lay also the corps which is now designated as the first regiment of dragoons.

†c. To live under specified circumstances or engaged in some specified occupation. (With at, about.) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > working > [verb (intransitive)]

workOE

occupy1417

practise?1435

exercise1511

lie1546

artize1598

graft1859

society > occupation and work > working > [verb (transitive)]

suec1300

usec1300

followa1400

occupy?c1400

playc1410

practise1421

pursuec1485

lie1546

do1703

society > occupation and work > working > [verb (transitive)] > be occupied with

work onOE

servec1330

lie1546

exercisea1616

travel1682

the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > be subjected to or undergo an action > specifically of a person

havea1225

to go under ——a1400

lie1546

hold1592

undergo1600

stand1607

the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > occupy or engage (a person) [verb (transitive)] > engage in or busy oneself about

fanda1375

entermetea1393

deala1400

makea1400

apply?c1400

to have in occupation?1523

lie1546

entreat1590

to consist in1606

tirea1616

stickle1647

to be in the business of1873

1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergil Abridgem. Notable Worke viii. iii. 146 b It cost hym his life in Areciæ, where he laye at Surgery for the healyng of his legge.

1589 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 191 An Englishman called Thomas Williams..lieth about trade of merchandize in the streete called The Soca of the Iewes.

1624 P. Massinger Bond-man ii. i. sig. D^v To lye at racke, and manger.

1694 P. A. Motteux Wks. F. Rabelais (1737) v. vii. 27 There he lay at Rack and Manger.

1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 153 The Men lying..at Victuals and Wages upon the Owners Account.

†d. To be quartered on. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > quartering > quarter (troops) [verb (transitive)] > on someone > be quartered on

lie1669

1669 Ormonde MSS in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 101 Five of the horsemen are lying on the tenants of your petitioner.

6. In various idiomatic uses (with prepositions, etc.), expressive of steady and continuous action. (Cf. Latin incumbere operi.)

†a. to lie at, upon: to importune, urge. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > urge or importune

depressc1400

nurnc1400

pressc1440

labourc1450

instancea1513

instanta1513

importune1530

to lie at, upon1535

apply1559

urge1568

importunate1574

ply1581

to put on ——?a1600

flagitate1623

besiege1712

earwig1804

bone1856

tout1920

S.O.S.a1936

opportune1941

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Macc. xi. 40 He..laye sore vpon him, to delyuer him this yonge Antiochus.

1568 MS Depos. Canterbury Cathedral Libr. xvi. 24 Sept. Shee hath layne at me a good while to have your good will in maryage with her.

1573 G. Gascoigne tr. Ariosto Supposes i. i, in Hundreth Sundrie Flowres 4 The olde dotarde, he that so instantly dothe lye vpon my father for me [i.e. as a suitor for her hand].

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. i. 32 Dame Tullia lay ever upon him, & pricked forward his distempered & troubled mind.

1619 W. Whately Gods Husb. (1622) ii. 114 To lie at him with vncessant and vehement sollicitations to commit such and such foule deeds.

1673 J. Janeway Heaven upon Earth (1847) 155 Shall they lie at you day and night, to give your consent,..and are you still unwilling?

a1688 W. Clagett Seventeen Serm. (1699) 358 The judge in the parable granted the widow's suit merely because she lay upon him, and was troublesome to him.

1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Jewish War iii. viii, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 830 Nicanor lay hard at Josephus to comply.

†b. to lie heavy upon: to oppress, harass. (Cf. 7c) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict > oppress or afflict

heavyc897

narroweOE

overlayOE

overseamOE

twingea1300

to weigh downa1340

grieve1340

besit1377

oppressc1384

foila1400

thringa1400

empressc1400

enpressc1400

aska1425

press?a1425

peisea1450

straita1464

constraina1500

overhale1531

to grate on or upon1532

wrack1562

surcharge1592

to lie heavy uponc1595

to weigh back, on one side, to the earth1595

to sit on ——1607

to sit upon ——1607

gall1614

bear1645

weight1647

obsess1648

aggrieve1670

swinge1681

lean1736

gravitate1754

weigh1794

c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cxlvi. 25 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 248 He Orphans doth support: But heauy lies vpon the godlesse sort.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Esdras v. 72 The heathen of the land lying heauy vpon the inhabitants of Iudea.

1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Iliads xii. 181 This said the Lycians heavier than before (To please their Prince) upon the Argives lay.

c. to lie †at, to: to apply oneself vigorously and steadily to.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > act or do vigorously [verb (intransitive)] > take vigorous action > and steadily

liea1325

to lie at, to1583

1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries iii. 87 b Citizens, Souldiers, Souldiers Wiues, and Pages, laye at it daye and night: insomuch that it was quickly dispatcht.

1656 R. Baxter Reformed Pastor 58 This is the work that we should lie at with them night and day.

1833 L. Ritchie Wanderings by Loire 160 The men..lay desperately to their oars, and the skiff sprang through the water.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. i. xi. 78 No mercenary mock-workers, but real ones that lie freely to it.

†d. with gerund: To keep on or continue doing something. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > perseverance or persistence > persevere or persist [verb]

to stand inc1175

willa1387

lie1692

threap1827

1692 R. L'Estrange Fables xi. 10 Why will you lie Pining, and Pinching your self in such a Lonesome Starving Course of Life?

1692 R. L'Estrange Fables lxii. 77 The Generality of Mankind lye Pecking at One Another, till One by One they are all Torn to Pieces.

1702 R. L'Estrange tr. Philo Embassy to Caius iv, in tr. Josephus Wks. 1080 Here's an obscure, Mean wretch, that has the Face to lie Tutoring me upon a Subject he knows nothing at all of himself.

II. Said of things, material or immaterial.

a. Of material things: To be placed or set horizontally or lengthwise or at rest on the ground or other surface.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > horizontal position or condition > be placed horizontally [verb (intransitive)]

liec1000

layc1300

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] > falsely

chidea1000

liec1000

surmise1477

mischarge1571

wrest1610

calumniate1649

c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) xx. 5 He geseah þa linwæda licgan.

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 9/296 Þat treo ne scholde nouȝt ligge þere.

a1300 Cursor Mundi 1129 His blod on erth sced lijs.

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. v. 65 As a leek þat hedde I-leiȝen longe In þe sonne.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) iii. 9 Apon þat body lay a grete plate of gold.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6603 Alle þe clathes lay him aboute.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cclxij^v On all the bankes by the water side, laie peces of ordinaunce whiche shot of.

1590 R. Greene Mourning Garment 11 A Bottle full of Countrie whigge, By the Shepheards side did ligge.

1747 J. Wesley Primitive Physick 73 Take as much as lies on a Shilling of calcin'd Egg-shells.

1754 Earl of Chatham Lett. to Nephew (1804) vi. 42 I hear with great pleasure, that Jocke lay before you, when you writ last to me.

1776–96 W. Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 436 Corn fields and sandy places, especially where water has lain.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 345 The ruins of an old fort were to be seen lying among the pebbles and seaweed on the beach.

b. To be deposited, remain permanently in a specified place.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > absence of movement > [verb (intransitive)] > remain as opposed to go

bidec893

yleaveOE

leaveOE

wonc1000

abideOE

worthOE

beliveOE

atstutte-nc1220

stuttea1225

atstuntc1230

astinta1250

beleavea1325

lasta1325

stounda1325

stinta1340

joukc1374

restaya1382

to leave over1394

liec1400

byec1425

onbidec1430

keep1560

stay1575

delay1655

to wait on1773

stop1801

to sit on1815

to hang around1830

to stick around1878

to sit tight1897

remain1912

stay-down1948

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) ii. 6 Þe coroune lyes in a vessell of cristall.

1459 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 227 A Sawter..and an Hympner..lyggynge in his saide closet.

1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 22 The gardeyn assigned..for woode to lye in.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judith xii. 1 Then commaunded he her to go in, where his treasure laye.

1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 1 b Al the grains and cornes lyand in bings.

1804 European Mag. 45 65/1 A Petition from J. Macleod..was ordered to lie on the table.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 393 An esquire passed among his neighbours for a great scholar, if Hudibras and Baker's Chronicle [etc.]..lay in his hall window among the fishing rods and fowling pieces.

1891 Law Times 91 411/2 Jeune, J. made the order, but directed that it should lie in the office for a week.

c. Of a building, etc.: To be overthrown or fallen; with complement, as to lie in ruins, to lie in the dust. to lie heavy: to be a heavy load upon (literal and figurative: see heavy adj.¹). Of food, etc., to lie heavy, cold, etc. (†formerly, simply to lie) on the stomach: to be felt as oppressive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (intransitive)] > be destroyed, ruined, or come to an end

losec888

fallOE

forlesea1225

perishc1275

spilla1300

to go to wreche13..

to go to the gatec1330

to go to lostc1374

miscarryc1387

quenchc1390

to bring unto, to fall into, to go, put, or work to wrakea1400

mischieve?a1400

tinea1400

to go to the devilc1405

bursta1450

untwindc1460

to make shipwreck1526

to go to (the) pot1531

to go to wreck (and ruin)a1547

wrake1570

wracka1586

to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587

to lie in the dusta1591

mischief1598

to go (etc.) to rack (and ruin)1599

shipwreck1607

suffera1616

unravel1643

to fall off1684

tip (over) the perch1699

to do away with1769

to go to the dickens1833

collapse1838

to come (also go) a mucker1851

mucker1862

to go up1864

to go to squash1889

to go (to) stramash1910

to go for a burton1941

to meet one's Makera1978

the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [verb (intransitive)] > be indigestible

rejumble1671

to lie heavy, cold, etc. (formerly, simply to lie) on the stomach1711

to lie (heavy) on one's stomach1711

repeat1879

c1330 Arth. & Merl. 544 (Kölbing) Foundement & werk þai founde Ligge vp so & doun op þe grounde.

a1591 H. Smith Gods Arrowe (1593) v. K 3 b If it bee not builded vpon a good foundation..the whole building is like to lie in the dust.

1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 5 Sept. (1948) I. 352 I ate sturgeon, and it lies on my stomach.

c1726 A. Evans Elegy on Vanbrugh Lie heavy on him, earth! for he Laid many heavy loads on thee!

1884 W. C. Smith Kildrostan 43 One sidewall long had in ruins lain.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 704 Delicate persons, in whom the cold water tends to lie heavy on the stomach.

8. To remain unworked, unused, untouched, or undiscovered. Often with complement, as to lie barren, hid, waste (see also fallow adj.², lea adj.); also in to lie on one's hands, to lie at a stand.Cf. sense 4, where the subject is a person or a personification.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > non-use > remain unused [verb (intransitive)]

atliec1000

lie1377

to lie by the wall (or walls)1579

to lie by1642

sit1839

society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (intransitive)] > not sell > remain unsold

to lie on one's hands1548

to go (or have been) a begginga1593

stick1729

the world > existence and causation > creation > productiveness > unproductiveness > be unproductive [verb (intransitive)]

to lie at a stand1622

to thresh (over) straw1844

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. vi. 165 Worth neuere plente amonge þe poeple þer-while my plow liggeth.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6841 Your land yee sal sau seuen yeir... þe seuend ye sal it lat lij still.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. clxxiij^v Wherfore all brode Clothes, Kerseis, & Cottons, laye on their handes.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cl^v Through our mens wrytinges, sondrye articles are called agayne to lyght, whiche laye before hidde in darkenes.

a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. D3^v Letts goe and make cleane our bootes which lie foule vpon our handes.

1622 in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 211 This hath made matters to lie a little at a stand.

a1629 W. Hinde Faithfull Remonstr. (1641) Ep. to Rdr. sig. A6 This worke hath lyen above twice five [years].

1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Gothick Warre iii. 88 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian Turris, an ancient City..which had been sack'd by Barbarians, and layen long wast.

a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 68 To make them buy their currantes (which lay vpon their handes).

1673 J. Flavell Fountain of Life i. 9 'Tis pitty, that any thing of Christ should lye hid from his people!

1862 W. E. Gladstone in Daily News 26 Apr. 2/2 Rarely, within the living memory, has so much of skill lain barren.

†9. Of the wind, the tongue: To be or become still, be at rest, subside. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > blow (of the wind) [verb (intransitive)] > blow gently > subside altogether

lieOE

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > loss or lack of voice > lose the voice [verb (intransitive)] > be at rest (of the tongue)

lie1611

OE Phoenix 182 Ðonne wind ligeð, weder bið fæger, hluttor heofones gim halig scireð, beoð wolcen towegen, wætra þry þe stille stondað.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxv. xxvii. 569 When the East wind began to lie, which for certeine daies had blustred and raged.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Languarde,..a wench whose tongue neuer lyes.

1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (1 Thess. v. 3) When the winde lies, the great rain fals.

1689 M. Prior Epist. to F. Shephard 110 Fancies flow in, and Muse flies high; So God knows when my Clack will lye.

10.

a. To be situated (in space), to have a (specified) position. Often with adjective (or quasi-adv.) complement.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > have specific position or arrangement [verb (intransitive)]

standOE

liec1121

beset1413

the world > space > place > position or situation > be positioned or situated [verb (intransitive)]

resteOE

standOE

sitOE

liec1121

inhabitc1384

settlea1400

couchc1400

biga1425

loutc1460

residea1475

innc1475

contain1528

consist1542

seatc1580

situate1583

lodge1610

site1616

subsist1618

station1751

c1121 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 656 (Laud) Ealle þa landes þa þær abuton liggeð.

a1300 Cursor Mundi 2469 Þe land o gommor þar-bi lijs.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. x. 316 Ac þei leten hem as lordes her londe lith so brode.

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 161 In þe holownes þat is aboue liggiþ þe herte & þe lungis.

1455 Rolls of Parl. V. 313/1 vii acres of Mede, liggyng in the Mede beside the Brigge of Chartesey.

1577 M. Hanmer tr. Evagrius Scholasticus vi. xiii, in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. 508 The citye, which lay wonderfull commodious for the Romaynes.

1597 F. Bacon Of Coulers Good & Euill f. 22^v, in Ess. Men whose liuing lieth together in one Shire.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xi. 20 O that way madnes lies, Let me shun that.

1648 in S. R. Gardiner Hamilton Papers (1880) 184 I belieue the sceane of disorder may lye heere.

1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 3 So much is the eye deceived in Land which lyes high.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 170. It is a Misfortune for a Woman to be born betwixt the Tropicks, for there lie the hottest Regions of Jealousy.

1723 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth (ed. 3) 77 Those Strata that ly deepest.

1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §204 A small sea-port of Somersetshire, lying upon the Bristol Channel.

1805 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. V. 579 Within the manor of Collingham, where the lands lay.

1883 Eng. Illustr. Mag. Nov. 72/1 The wild beauty of Wicken Fen is in striking contrast with the cultivated land lying around it.

b. To be spread out or extended to the view.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > extend in space [verb (intransitive)] > be spread out > to the view

lie1764

1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 6 But let us view these truths with closer eyes, And trace them through the prospect as it lies.

1792 Gentleman's Mag. 9/2 A spacious field now lies before the Christian world for the introduction of a better policy.

1836 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. (1837) III. x. 141 It is remarkable that such difficulties as these should lie on the face of Scripture.

1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 181 Samaria..unfenced and unconcealed by walls, lay open, unsheltered in every part from the gaze of the besiegers.

1879 S. C. Bartlett Egypt to Palestine v. 99 We could not for a moment expect such indications to lie upon the surface.

1890 J. Payn Burnt Million II. xxx. 248 What a future seemed to lie before him!

c. Of a road, way, journey, etc.: To extend, have a (specified) direction.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > extend in space [verb (intransitive)] > extend in a certain direction

liec1000

shootc1000

drawc1180

stretcha1387

streek1388

bear1556

trend1598

tend1604

take1610

to make out1743

to put out1755

trench1768

make1787

c1000 Ælfric Genesis xxxv. 19 On þam wege, þe lið to Euphfrate.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xi. 10 If thy flight lay toward the roring sea.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iii. iii. 82 There lies your way.

1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 114 I found it not so hard to overcome, as I had conceited, the way lying with windings.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. x. 567 The counties through which the road to London lay.

1851 T. Carlyle Life J. Sterling ii. vii. 212 Our course lay along the Valley of the Rhone.

1883 R. W. Dixon Mano iii. viii. 136 Nor doubt I where my voyage next must lie.

d. Of the wind: To remain in a specified quarter.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > blow (of the wind) [verb (intransitive)] > blow from a particular quarter

standc1275

sitc1400

lie1604

hang1671

1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iv. v. 218 Small furnaces vpon the sides of the mountaines, built expresly where the winde lies.

1704 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 4) i. 96 The Wind lying in that corner at least three quarters of the Year.

1876 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Tom Sawyer i. 20 But in spite of her, Tom knew where the wind lay, now.

1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. (at cited word) Which way do the wind lie 'smornin?

e. Of horses, yachts, etc., in a race: to occupy a specified ordinal position. Also transferred.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > race (a race) [verb (transitive)] > lie or finish in specific position

finish1881

lie1951

1951 E. Rickman Come Racing with Me iii. 24 What is that with the light blue sleeves lying fourth?

1955 ‘J. Christopher’ Year of Comet ii. 49 Who's lying fourth?

1972 D. Francis Smokescreen iv. 55 He took the first half mile without apparent effort, lying about sixth.

1974 Country Life 24 Oct. 1189/3 Busted is lying third in this year's table of sire's winnings.

11. Nautical.

a. Of a ship: To be stationed in a berth or anchorage.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > berth, moor, or anchor [verb (intransitive)] > be in a berth or anchorage

liec1121

c1121 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 1009 (Laud) And þær [þa scipu] sceoldan licgan.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 1068 A hundreth schippys..in hawyn was lyand thar.

1495 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 254 The seid ship lying at Rode in the Kynges haven.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 610/1 I lye at an anker, as a shyppe dothe.

1775 R. Chandler Trav. Asia Minor ix. 28 They lay at anchor near Tenedos.

a1812 A. Cherry Bay of Biscay (song) 7 Our poor devoted bark, Till next day, there she lay, In the Bay of Biscay O!

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 302 He..lay in port when he was ordered to chase a Sallee rover.

1851 D. G. Mitchell Fresh Gleanings 12 The Zebra lay just off the pier.

b. To steer in a (specified) direction. Also (quasi-transitive) to lie the course: (of a ship) to have her head in the direction wished. to lie at hull: see hull n.² 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction

steer1340

stem1487

capea1522

lie1574

put1578

bear1587

rut1588

haul1589

fetch1590

standa1594

to stand along1600

to bear away1614

work1621

to lay up1832

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction > make desired course

to lie the course1574

to lay one's (or a) course1669

1574 W. Bourne Regim. for Sea (1577) xix. 51 a If the ship haue had often trauerse by the meanes of contrary windes, so that she could not lie hir course.

1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. v. 43 Whiles his false broker lyeth in the winde.

1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 28 They could not lye near the Wind.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. v. 342 The proas..are capable of lying much nearer the wind than any other vessel hitherto known.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms at Vent de bouline The ship cannot lie her course without being close-hauled.

1800 Ld. Nelson in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) IV. 189 The Success being to leeward, Captain Peard..lay across his hawse.

1892 H. M. Doughty Our Wherry in Wendish Lands 123 The water~way we now entered..was scarcely four feet deep..and that only in the middle. Luckily we could just lie it.

1892 H. M. Doughty Our Wherry in Wendish Lands 301 A turn enabled us to lie our course, and up the sail went.

c. Of horses, yachts, etc., in a race: to lie on: to keep close to, so as to impede the progress of, a competitor.

ΚΠ

1928 Daily Tel. 17 July 18/2 Fintra [sc. a yacht] lay on Lanai, and kept her in last place.

12. figurative.

a. Of immaterial things: To exist, be found, have place, reside (in some specified place or quarter); to be set, fixed, or arranged in some specified position or order. †to lie fair: to be just or reasonable. †to lie in common: to be common to or among several possessors. spec. const. against, for, to, in legal use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > act or do vigorously [verb (intransitive)] > take vigorous action > and steadily

liea1325

to lie at, to1583

the mind > possession > owning > belong [verb (intransitive)] > be in communal ownership

to lie in common1662

society > morality > rightness or justice > [verb (intransitive)]

to lie fair1672

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1916 For-ði wexem wið gret nið And hate, for it in ille [herte] lið.

1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 334 And þus popes & prelates kepen to hem silf assoylyng, in which lyþe wynnyng.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22280 Al falshed and feluni, And al tresun sal in him lii.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 233 Whiche ij. textis, if thei ben considered as thei liggen to gidere in rewe.

1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 1200 Therby lyith a tale.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 22 Herin me semyth lyth a dowte.

1566 W. Adlington tr. Apuleius .XI. Bks. Golden Asse To Rdr. sig. Aiii^v I haue not..so absolutely translated euery woorde as it lieth in the prose.

1641 J. Milton Animadversions 39 If the Words lay thus in order.

1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ i. i. §15 This defect..of those histories is either more general, which lies in common to them all, or [etc.].

1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. iv. §1 If the opposition did not lie between the order of true Prophets..and the false Prophets.

1672 R. Montagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 520 Methinks it is natural and lies fair enough that..I should have some share in [etc.].

1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub iv. 110 Their Father..commanded, that whatever they got, should lye in common among them all.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 170. Their Acquaintance and Conversation has lain wholly among the vicious Part of Womankind.

1719 J. T. Philipps tr. B. Ziegenbalg Thirty-four Confer. 43 The fault lies at their own doors.

1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation i. iv. 114 If the choice lay only between a tax on property and a tax on income.

1848 J. H. Newman Loss & Gain 147 He..holds many profound truths in detail, but is quite unable to see how they lie to each other.

1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 405 The people themselves, incapable of discerning where their true interest lay.

1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. vii. 112 Their sympathies lay wholly with Gruffydd.

1883 R. W. Dixon Mano i. viii. 23 And told him all the truth, how all things lay.

1958 Times 26 Apr. 6/7 If a chief constable is dismissed by a county council an appeal lies to the Home Secretary.

1964 Mod. Law Rev. 27 iii. 322 Nowadays, after the revival of certiorari as a remedy lying for intra-jurisdictional defects, the scope of review on habeas corpus must be defined with more accuracy.

1970 Internat. & Compar. Law Q. 4th Ser. 19 ii. 306 The Erbersatzanspruch lies against the heirs, and consists of a sum equal to half the value of the portion, to which a legitimate intestate heir would be entitled.

1971 Mod. Law Rev. 34 vi. 691 Where X and Y have a regular course of dealing and are likely to make contracts in the future, a quia timet injunction will lie to prevent Z, a third party, from inducing breaches of such contracts as may be made in the future.

†b. Of thoughts, inclinations, activities, etc.: To have a specified direction. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > tend or incline [verb (intransitive)] > go in a certain direction

incline?a1475

alien?1541

propend1545

sway1556

wing1617

lie1633

look1647

vergea1661

bias1683

preponderate1693

give1840

canalize1927

1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 281 Our fight doth not lye against flesh and blood.

1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 189 The Elench here lyes directly, and point-blanck against the Papists.

1666 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities 2 The..Prejudices, that lye against them, will oblige mee..to annexe..some Annotations.

1672 Duke of Buckingham Rehearsal i. 1 My humour lyes another way.

1692 R. L'Estrange Life Æsop in Fables (1708) 22 Æsop's Faculty lay notably that way.

1825 New Monthly Mag. 13 17 My inclinations have not lain towards prose.

c. to lie in (a person): to rest or centre in him; to depend upon him, be in his power (to do). Now chiefly in as far as in (me, etc.) lies. Also, to lie in one's power, to lie in (or †on) one's hands.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > be under authority [verb (intransitive)] > be dependent

to lie in one's powerc1374

depend1548

to hang on, upon, of (a person's) sleeve1548

to lie in (or on) one's handsa1593

to fall upon ——?1672

society > authority > subjection > be subject to [verb (transitive)] > be dependent on

to lie inc1374

to stand to ——c1449

the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > be caused by or result from [verb (transitive)] > depend on

to stand in ——OE

to lie inc1374

to stand upon ——a1393

to turn on ——a1413

to stand by ——a1450

lie1590

set1597

suspend1638

to turn upon ——1652

condition1868

ride1950

c1374 G. Chaucer Compl. Mars 184 Sith hit lythe in his myght.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 965 Þer-for loueliche ladi in þe lis al min hope.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xxi. 431 Hit lyth in my grace, Wheþer þei deye oþer deye nat.

c1440 Generydes 3109 I wote right wele it lithe in me The Sowdon to destroye.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur ii. iii Aske what ye wil and ye shall haue it, and hit lye in my power to yeue hit.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxxxi. 243 It lyeth now in you to do with hym at your pleasure.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cclv^v Thei promised the kyng, to doo all that in theim laie with their frendes.

a1593 C. Marlowe Edward II (1594) sig. I4^v Fauor him my lord, as much as lieth in you.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lx. 136 The Church as much as in her lieth, wilfully casteth away their soules.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. ii. 4 Correction lieth in those hands, Which made the fault that we cannot correct.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Gg1 To me..that do desire as much as lyeth in my Penne [etc.] .

a1613 T. Overbury Wife (1614) sig. D6^v Women, though they weaker bee..,yet on their hands The Chastitie of men doth often lie.

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 176 As much as in you hath lyen.

1662 King Charles II in J. M. Cartwright Madame (1894) 121 I am sure I have done all that lies in my power.

1720 J. Ozell et al. tr. R. A. de Vertot Hist. Revol. Rom. Republic I. iv. 226 All the Hopes of the Republic lay in an old Man just taken from the Plough.

1875 F. H. A. Scrivener 6 Lect. Text New Test. 9 Resolved, so far as in him lay, to root out the Christian Faith.

1885 Ld. Tennyson Tiresias Only in thy virtue lies The saving of our Thebes.

†d. To belong or pertain to a person (to do); to pertain, be attached or incident to a thing. Also, to lie (one) in hand to do. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > [verb (transitive)]

birc950

oughtOE

behovec1175

dowa1225

liea1225

owea1250

it stands one upona1393

liea1400

busc1400

hovec1450

to stand (a person) in (also on) handc1555

import1561

stand1602

befit1604

to stand on ——1608

to lie with1885

the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > accompany [verb (intransitive)] > be attached to

liec1430

a1225 Leg. Kath. 779 Ne lið hit nawt to þe to leggen lahe upon me.

a1400 Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. (1892) 505/453 Þer-to liht muche mede.

c1430 Hymns Virg. 42 To me, maistir deuel, it lijs; To ihesu wole y take hede.

1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. i. viii. sig. E.v/1 He can not choose..but..do all things, that lye God, a king, and Prieste in hande to doe.

1657 W. Rand tr. P. Gassendi Mirrour of Nobility i. 59 Contrarily, it lies me in hand, I suppose, to take heed, least [etc.].

e. to lie with: to be the office or province of (some one) to do something.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > [verb (transitive)]

birc950

oughtOE

behovec1175

dowa1225

liea1225

owea1250

it stands one upona1393

liea1400

busc1400

hovec1450

to stand (a person) in (also on) handc1555

import1561

stand1602

befit1604

to stand on ——1608

to lie with1885

1885 Manch. Examiner 22 Sept. 5/1 It lies now with Turkey to take the initiative.

f. To rest or be imposed as a burden, charge, obligation, etc. upon a person; to be incumbent or obligatory upon; to press or weigh upon (one's mind or heart).

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > [verb (transitive)]

birc950

oughtOE

behovec1175

dowa1225

liea1225

owea1250

it stands one upona1393

liea1400

busc1400

hovec1450

to stand (a person) in (also on) handc1555

import1561

stand1602

befit1604

to stand on ——1608

to lie with1885

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > encumber > burden

charka1300

chargec1308

cark1330

liea1400

labour1437

onerate1453

endossa1500

onera1500

laden1514

load1526

aggravate1530

lay1530

honorate1533

ladea1538

burden1541

ballast1566

loaden1568

degravate1574

aburden1620

pregravate1654

comble1672

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8348 He tald þat him lai apon hert.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 13385 On vs ligges noght þe nede.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxvii. 20 Noo smale tempest laye apon vs.

1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. Ep. to King Sundrie occasions which may lye them on.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 v. ii. 47 O would the quarrel lay vpon our heads.

1630 R. Sanderson Serm. II. 255 It lieth us upon, to employ it to the best advantage we can.

1666 J. Bunyan Grace Abounding ⁋86 That Scripture lay much upon me, without shedding of Blood is no remission.

1676 W. Hubbard Happiness of People 49 The present distress of the war that hath lyen so long upon us.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 62 It was a duty lying on them by the Covenant.

1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 82 These Things..lay upon my Mind.

1794 E. Burke Speech against W. Hastings in Wks. (1827) XVI. 74 With those charges lying upon him.

1804 Ld. Castlereagh in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 258 It lay upon them to offer terms to us.

1873 Act 36 & 37 Victoria c. 86 §24 It shall lie on the defendant to prove that the child is not of such age.

g. To be set at stake; to hang or depend on or upon a hazard, doubtful issue, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > be caused by or result from [verb (transitive)] > depend on

to stand in ——OE

to lie inc1374

to stand upon ——a1393

to turn on ——a1413

to stand by ——a1450

lie1590

set1597

suspend1638

to turn upon ——1652

condition1868

ride1950

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iii. sig. C3 Full fast she fled..As if her life vpon the wager lay.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. viii. 5 Our fortune lyes Vpon this iumpe.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iii. vii. 54 He persists As if his life lay on't.

1668 R. Steele Husbandmans Calling (1672) iv. 52 Nor..can he reform sin, if his life lay on it.

1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality III. xvi. 285 We entered as warmly into it [sc. the question] as though a province had lain at stake.

h. to lie in: to consist in, to have its ground or basis in. †Also with infinitive instead of in and object.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > inform or give a thing its essence [verb (transitive)] > consist of or have as its essence

to stand in ——a1382

to lie in1589

to consist in1594

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xxii. 216 Another point of surplusage lieth not so much in superfluitie of your words.

1633 G. Herbert Faith in Temple vii If blisse had lien in art or strength, None but the wise or strong had gained it.

1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 17 But here the great art lyes to discern in what the law is to bid restraint.

1724 A. Collins Disc. Grounds Christian Relig. 75 The argument lies in the word Netser.

a1770 J. Jortin Serm. (1772) VII. ii. 29 The perfection of every being must lie in its best part.

1871 B. Stewart Heat (ed. 2) §84 Our only chance of success lies in abstracting heat from this liquid.

1881 S. R. Gardiner & J. B. Mullinger Introd. Study Eng. Hist. i. iii. 48 The true remedy lay..in female education.

1881 S. R. Gardiner & J. B. Mullinger Introd. Study Eng. Hist. i. x. 178 Pitt's strength lay in his character.

i. to lie in, within: to be contained or comprised in (a specified room or compass); †to admit of being expressed in (rhyme).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhyme > [verb (intransitive)]

to lie in, withina1400

rhymec1586

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > condition or state of being inclusive > include [verb (transitive)] > be included under or among > come within the scope of

fall?c1225

to lie in, within1712

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 9240 Of abiud [came] Elyachim, Of quam Asor, sadoch of him, þat loth er for to lig in rim.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 414. ¶1 The Beauties of the most stately Garden or Palace lie in a narrow Compass.

1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. lviii. 259 The question..lies within a very narrow compass.

†j. to lie at one's heart: to be the object of one's affection or desire. Similarly, to lie heavy at or to one's heart: to give one grave anxiety. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > love > amorous love > be in love [verb (intransitive)] > be the object of one's affection or desire

to lie at one's hearta1616

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > worry > anxiety > be anxious about [verb (transitive)] > make anxious

carkc1330

vex?a1425

solicita1450

embusy1485

to lie heavy at or to one's hearta1616

to weird out1970

to stress out1983

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. ii. 51 It would vnclogge my heart Of what lyes heauy too't.

1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 32 I have something, I know not what, lies heavy at my heart.

1673 W. Temple Let. to Duke Ormond in Wks. (1720) I. 123 The Spaniards have but one Temptation to quarrel with Us, which is an occasion of recovering Jamaica, for that has ever lien at their hearts.

13. (Chiefly in Law.) Of an action, charge, claim, etc.: To be admissible or sustainable.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > carry on (of proceedings) [verb (intransitive)] > be admissible or sustainable

liec1330

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > go to law or litigate [verb (intransitive)] > be sustainable (of an action)

liec1330

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 853 Certes, þi fader þan slouȝ y. Seþþen þou so hast sayd, Amendes þer ouȝt to ly.

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Prol. 409 For sythe no cause of deth lyth in this cace, Ȝow oughte to ben the lyghtere merciable.

1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 24 §1 None essoyne or proteccion to lye nor to be allowed in the same.

1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 108 To consider what appeales out of the Chancery to this Courte doe lye.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xlii. 277 There lyeth Excommunication for Injustice.

1712 H. Prideaux Direct. Church-wardens (ed. 4) 75 There doth lye an Appeal to the Bishop.

1745 J. Wesley Answer to Rev. Church 5 I should rejoice if there lay no other Objection against them, than that of Erroneous Opinions.

1748 S. Richardson Clarissa VII. xc. 330 If not, then indeed is thy conscience seared, and no hopes will lie for thee.

1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful ii. §11. 57 Some or all of these objections, will lie against every figure of a cross.

1805 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. V. 394 A writ of error did not lie after he attained his full age.

1850 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1853) 3rd Ser. ix. 121 One from whose knowledge..there lies almost no appeal.

1865 J. B. Lightfoot Comm. Gal. (1874) 124 Still more serious objections lie against identifying it with any later visit in the Acts.

1866 A. Crump Pract. Treat. Banking iv. 93 In which case no action for damages would lie.

†14. Of land, landed possessions: To appertain to. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > owning > own [verb (transitive)] > belong to > of land

lie839

839 in Birch Cartul. Sax. I. 599 xiiii aeceras & ða mæde þe þær to lið.

c1050 in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 232 Ælc ðara landa ðe on mines fæder dæge læg into Cristes cyrcean.

a1225 Leg. Kath. 28 King of þat lond þat lei into Rome.

a1225 Juliana 13 Alle þe londes þe þerto liggeð.

c1420 Chron. Vilod. st. 983 A parcell of lond..Þe wheche ryȝtwyslyche to þat Abbay lay.

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. E5 A house, with pasture lieng to it.

1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. i. ix. 36 Whereas they had in the beginning no land of their owne lying to their citie.

III. Irregular uses.

15. transitive. Used causatively or by mistake for lay v.¹ Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > bury or entomb [verb (transitive)]

bedelveOE

begraveOE

burya1000

beburyc1000

bifel-ec1000

layc1000

to fall, lull, lay (bring obs.) asleepOE

tombc1275

gravec1300

inter1303

rekec1330

to lap in leadc1340

to lay to rest, abed, to bed1340

lie1387

to louk in clay (lead, etc.)?a1400

to lay lowa1425

earthc1450

sepulture1490

to put awaya1500

tyrea1500

mould1530

to graith in the grave1535

ingrave1535

intumulate1535

sepult1544

intumil?c1550

yird1562

shrinea1566

infera1575

entomb1576

sepelite1577

shroud1577

funeral1578

to load with earth1578

delve1587

to lay up1591

sepulchrize1595

pit-hole1607

infuneral1610

mool1610

inhumate1612

inurna1616

inhume1616

pit1621

tumulate1623

sepulchrea1626

turf1628

underlay1639

urna1657

to lay to sleep, asleep1701

envaulta1745

plant1785

ensepulchre1820

sheugh1839

to put under1879

to lay away1885

the world > space > relative position > posture > place into or assume a posture [verb (transitive)] > recumbent position or position of rest or repose

lie1387

compose1700

the world > food and drink > food > setting table > [verb (transitive)]

layc1300

spreadc1300

setc1386

servec1405

cover1563

to lay in1788

lie1809

fix1842

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 369 He was wont to legge [MS. γ lygge] his heed uppon a forme.

a1400–50 Alexander 2101 He comands To gedire þam vp ilka gome & þam in grauys ligg.

1402 Jack Upland (Skeat) 46–7 And whan ye liggen it [your habit] besyde you, than lig ye youre religion besyde you, and ben apostatas.

c1485 Digby Myst. (1882) iv. 549 We shall..ly hym in the mold.

?a1534 H. Medwall Nature ii. sig. hiiii Thy sores whyche be mortall Onles that thys medycyns to theym be layn.

1638 R. Brathwait Barnabees Journall (new ed.) iii. sig. P4 I saw a Tombe one had beene laine in.

a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 50 That in mowinge hee neaver lye out his sheaves beyonde the balkes but rather within the balkes.

1706 S. Garth Dispensary (ed. 6) ii. 16 Whilst Seas of melted Oar lye waste the Plains.

1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 5 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) Would they but lye their groundless pretences by.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. xii. xii. 282 The whole Furniture of the infernal Regions hath long been appropriated by the Managers of Playhouses, who seem lately to have lain them by as Rubbish.

1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 507 I dressed the wound, lying down as much of the scalp as [etc.].

1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. i. xvi. 144 The cloth was laid. Down we sat at table.

1880 F. G. Lee Church under Q. Elizabeth II. 245 As God had lain this peer's honour in the dust.

Phrasal verbs

Combined with adverbs. to lie aback

1. To be backward, reluctant, or shy. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > be unwilling [verb (intransitive)]

nillOE

loathea1200

to make it tough1297

forthinka1300

reckc1300

ruea1400

to make (it) strangec1405

to make strangenessc1407

stick1418

resistc1425

to make (it) strange?1456

steek1478

tarrowc1480

doubt1483

sunyie1488

to make (it) nice1530

stay1533

shentc1540

to make courtesy (at)1542

to make it scrupulous1548

to think (it) much1548

to make dainty of (anything)1555

to lie aback1560

stand1563

steek1573

to hang back1581

erch1584

to make doubt1586

to hang the groin1587

to make scruple (also a, no, etc., scruple)1589

yearn1597

to hang the winga1601

to make squeamish1611

smay1632

bogglea1638

to hang off1641

waver1643

reluct1648

shy1650

reluctate1655

stickle1656

scruple1660

to make boggle1667

revere1689

begrudge1690

to have scruples1719

stopc1738

bitch1777

reprobate1779

crane1823

disincline1885

1560 in P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. (1864) III. 397 Not only shall any of his own pretend to disobey or ly aback in this action, but [etc.].

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 148 Nathir..in tyme of neid lyes the Pechtis abak w^t thair supporte.

†2. as n. Shyness, timidity. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > timidity > [noun]

arghtha1250

arghshipc1275

arghness1340

faintness1398

ferdfulness1398

timorosity1490

timiditya1513

timorousnessa1513

unboldness?1520

timerity1582

inaudacity?1594

unhardiness1611

to lie aback1636

meticulosity1655

pavidity1656

afraidness1669

timidness1680

sheepishness1712

funkiness1859

fearsomeness1891

the mind > emotion > humility > modesty > shyness or bashfulness > [noun]

shamefastnessc1200

shamefulnessa1340

nicetya1387

scurna1400

bashednessc1440

bashfulness1539

nicenessc1550

shamefacedness1555

to lie aback1636

shyness1651

squeamishness1720

shrinkingness1835

1636 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae (new ed.) 1423 Sir, I have seene them baith, In bairnlines and lye aback, Escape and come to skaith.

to lie about

to lie here and there; to be left lying carelessly or in disorder.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > absence of arrangement > be without arrangement [verb (intransitive)]

to sit about1849

to lie about1853

to sit around1913

1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia I. xiii. 274 Why, these poor blackguards lying about are very fair specimens of humanity.

1891 R. Buchanan Come, live with Me II. xiii. 168 Ye might leave it [sc. poison] lying about, and mischief might happen.

1891 W. Morris News from Nowhere v. 31 Most children, seeing books lying about, manage to read by the time they are four years old.

1934 G. B. Shaw Simpleton i. 4 I hate to see dust lying about. Look! You could write your name in it.

to lie abroad

† To lodge out of one's house or abode; to reside in a foreign country (in quot. 1651 with pun on lie v.²). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [verb (intransitive)]

liec1000

harbourc1200

sojournc1290

layc1300

sojourc1330

to make, take (up) one's lodging1362

pilgrimagea1382

bield?a1400

lodgec1400

tarryc1400

to make (one's) residence1433

harbingec1475

harbry1513

stay1554

roost?1555

embower1591

quarter1591

leaguer1596

allodge1601

tenta1616

visit1626

billet1628

to lie abroad1650

tabernacle1653

sojourney1657

canton1697

stop1797

to shake down1858

to hole up1875

perendinate1886

shack1935

cotch1950

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting a type of place > inhabit type of place [verb (intransitive)] > dwell in foreign land

to lie abroad1650

1650 J. Howell Addit. Lett. viii. 13 in Epistolæ Ho-elianæ (ed. 2) We might go barefoot, and ly abroad as beasts having no other canopy than the wild air.

1651 I. Walton Life of Wotton in H. Wotton Reliquiæ Wottonianæ An Embassadour is an honest man, sent to lie abroad for the good of his Countrey.

1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius War with Vandals ii. 39 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian He..being said to be sent to ly abroad, to prevent mischief to the Camp.

1675 Collect. Several Treat. Penal Laws Pref. sig. A iv The Popes Ambassadors..lye abroad for his..advantage.

to lie along

1. To be prostrate at full length, to lie outstretched on the ground (now archaic); to extend along a surface.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > lie down or recline [verb (intransitive)]

leanc950

resteOE

liec1000

to be laidc1175

layc1300

to lie along1530

recline1578

to horizontalize it1843

recumb1906

cwtch1921

the world > space > direction > specific directions > direct in specific directions [verb (transitive)] > extend along length of

to lie along1734

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 601/1 I lye..as one lyeth alonge upon the grounde.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. i. 30 As he lay along Vnder an oake.

1637 G. Gillespie Dispute against Eng.-Popish Ceremonies iv. vi. 29 The usuall table gesture of the Iewes, was lying along.

1734 J. Ward Introd. Math. App. Gauging 455 To find what Quantity of Liquor is in any Cask, when its Axis is Parallel to the Horizon, viz. when it lies along.

1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews vi. i, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 156 Dagon..lay along, as having fallen down from the basis whereon he had stood.

1771 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. I. 91 A cell so small, that he could neither stand erect, nor lie along in it.

1803 T. Beddoes Hygëia III. x. 21 Few persons, suddenly stimulated to anger as they were lying along, would continue to repose in the same easy manner.

1883 R. W. Dixon Mano iii. vi. 129 Him who there lay dead along.

2. Nautical. Of a ship: To incline to one side under the pressure of a wind abeam.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > heel or list

blencha1300

rolla1325

heelc1575

seela1618

list1626

stoop1663

careen1762

to lie along1769

to lay along1779

wrong1842

to roll down1856

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Along Lying along, the state of being pressed down sideways by a weight of sail in a fresh wind that crosses the ship's course.

1781 Lieut. Archer Let. 30 June in Naval Chron. (1804) 11 288 The Ship lay very much along, by the pressure of the wind.

1838 E. A. Poe Narr. A. G. Pym xiii, in Wks. (1865) IV. 109 The hulk lay more along than ever, so that we could not stand an instant without lashing ourselves.

to lie back

To lean backwards against some support.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > support > [verb (intransitive)] > be supported > lean for support > lean backwards (against a support)

to lay back1787

to lie back1894

1894 S. R. Crockett Raiders 14 I shipped the oars and lay back thinking.

to lie by

†1. To have a concubine. (Cf. lie-by n. 1.) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > types of marriage custom or practice > [verb (intransitive)] > have concubine

to lie by1571

1571 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxviii. 28 My Father..had ane wyfe, Thocht he abusit his body, and lay by.

2. Nautical. = to lie to at Phrasal verbs: see by prep. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > support (an amount of) sail [verb (intransitive)] > lie to

trya1584

to lie by1623

to lay by1697

to lie to1711

to lay to1798

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. i. 11 The Billowes of the Sea, Hung their heads, & then lay by .

1666 London Gaz. No. 60/1 Our Fregats received some damage in their sails, and..were forced to ly by to mend them.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. v. 179 We lay by all the night..for Captain Saunders..to join us.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms at Faire servir To make sail, after having lain by for some time.

3. To remain unused, be laid up in store.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > non-use > remain unused [verb (intransitive)]

atliec1000

lie1377

to lie by the wall (or walls)1579

to lie by1642

sit1839

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 59 Let his carnall favour, and erroneous conceits ly by, let him empty himselfe of a worldly heart.

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 441 Peters nets lay by when the season was.

1692 R. L'Estrange Fables cccclviii. 434 The..Wretchedness of Avarice, that rather then make use of the Bounties of Providence in their Seasons, suffers them to lye by and Perish.

1719 W. Wood Surv. Trade (ed. 2) 74 Thriving Nations have..great Stores lying by of their own Manufactures.

1843 J. W. Carlyle Lett. I. 254 I had..pillows lying by of no use.

4. To keep quiet, withdraw from observation; to remain inactive, rest.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > be inactive [verb (intransitive)] > remain inactive

stillc1330

liec1374

stayc1540

to keep one's bill under wing1548

connive1667

to lie by1709

repose1817

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, lie or hidden [verb (intransitive)] > remain in hiding

lurkc1300

to hide one's headc1475

mitch1558

nestle1567

to lie at (on, upon the) lurch1578

to lay low1600

skulk1626

squat1658

to lie by1709

hide1872

to hole up1875

to lie low1880

to lie (also play) doggo1882

to hide out1884

to put the lid on1966

1709 J. Addison Tatler No. 133. ⁋5 To lie by for some Time in Silence and Obscurity.

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison II. 53 Sir H. ‘What a plague—you did not cane him?’ Sir Ch. ‘He got well after a fortnight's lying by’.

1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas IV. x. i. 7 We determined on lying by for a day at Valladolid, as well to rest our mules, as to call on signor Sangrado.

1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well II. xii. 292 I lay by on the watch for some opportunity when I might mend my own situation with my father.

1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxxi. 117 I must go below, and lie-by for a day or two.

1892 Law Times 93 414/1 The plaintiff had lain by, whereas he should have taken the earliest opportunity of coming to the court.

to lie down

1. (Middle English also lie adown.) See sense 2 and down adv. 2a. Also reflexive (now archaic). Also in pregnant senses: †To fall in battle; †to die; to go to bed; to give up; to be remiss or lazy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > go to bed or retire to rest [verb (intransitive)]

to go to (one's) resteOE

to take (one's) restc1175

to go to bedc1275

to lie downc1275

reposec1485

down-lie1505

bed1635

to turn in1695

retire1696

lay1768

to go to roost1829

to turn or peak the flukes1851

kip1889

doss1896

to hit the hay1912

to hit the deck1918

to go down1922

to bunk down1940

to hit the sack1943

to sack out1946

to sack down1956

the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > be killed [verb (intransitive)] > be killed in battle

to lie downc1275

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > lie down or recline [verb (intransitive)] > lie down or assume reclining position

layc1175

to lie downc1275

liec1330

stretch1828

the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > be slothful or lazy [verb (intransitive)]

sleuthc1300

sloth1390

slotter1553

sloven1560

truant1580

drone1632

slubberc1820

sluggardize1837

to lie down1918

to dick off1948

schlump1953

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3421 Seoððen he dun læi [c1300 Otho deaȝede].

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 1145 Þe romeins leie sone adoun; he made ampti place, & þe brutons arise vaste.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 2204 Oþer ligge adoun & be aslawe.

1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 446 We liggen down in our den.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10711 Þan lai þai all in kneling dun.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. ii. 21 So, lig down ther and take thi rest.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ruth iii. (Contents) Ruth lyeth her downe in the barne at Boos fete.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. xi. B The leoparde shal lye downe by the gote.

a1631 J. Donne Poems (1650) 17 Why should we rise, because 'tis light? Did we lie downe, because 'twas night?

a1777 S. Foote Cozeners (1778) iii. ii. 73 Mrs. Air. Pray, madam, is the young lady at home? Mrs. Fl. Just lain down for a little.

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. ii. 26 They..rose early and lay down late.

1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest I. iv. 62 There may be another [stag] lying down in the fern close to us.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xvi. 113 I lay down and had five minutes sleep.

1861 G. W. Dasent tr. Story Burnt Njal II. 312 Kari lay him down.

1904 W. H. Smith Promoters i. 21 When they finally lie down, we'll just say, ‘All right, we'll go ahead alone.’

1916 Literary Digest 8 Jan. 87/1 It is natural enough that the accusation of ‘lying down’ and quitting has been cast up in turn at each of the participants in the conference.

1918 E. Pound Let. 3 Apr. (1971) 134 It is the best that can be done. Hope Kahn won't think I am lying down on the job.

1926 J. Black You can't Win xiv. 193 An ambitious fighting young lawyer who never ‘laid down’ on a client.

†2. To be brought to bed of a child. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > confinement > be confined [verb]

to lie inc1440

to lie downa1500

to bring abed1523

to be confined1772

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin v. 89 The kynge sawgh that the quene was redy to ly down.

1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) Ep. Ded. sig. Aii^v Of the seconde I went a whole yeare big, and yet when euery one thought mee ready to lye downe, I did then quicken.

1620 J. Pyper tr. H. d'Urfé Hist. Astrea i. vi. 171 His wife lay downe, but it was of a daughter.

1654 tr. M. Martini Bellum Tartaricum 212 Matrons with Child and ready to lye down.

1692 R. L'Estrange Fables (1708) xxii. 29 A Wolf came to a Sow that was just lying down, and very kindly offer'd to take care of her Litter.

1818 W. Godwin in C. K. Paul William Godwin (1876) II. 256 He says..that Eliza was expected to lie down in two days after he sailed.

†3. Of an army: To take up a position before.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > lay siege [verb (intransitive)]

to lay ensiege?a1500

to plant a siegea1500

to sit down1593

inleaguer1603

to set downa1616

to lie down1693

sit1802

1693 tr. J. Le Clerc Mem. Count Teckely i. 82 This obliged Heister to demand Cannon and Foot, with whom he lay down before the Castle of Kus.

4. to take (a beating, defeat, etc.) lying down: to receive it with abject submission.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > absence of resistance > offer no resistance [verb (intransitive)]

to turn the other cheek1529

to go down like ninepins1791

to take (a beating, defeat, etc.) lying down1888

to take (something) sitting down1899

1888 Sat. Rev. 4 Aug. 133/1 Those who..profess themselves willing to take, ‘lying down’, any and every inconvenience that the victorious Irish may inflict.

1914 G. B. Shaw Androcles & Lion (1916) i. 17 You know, I should feel ashamed if I let myself be struck like that, and took it lying down.

1931 E. F. Benson Mapp & Lucia viii. 229 She had to swallow her medicine... I had no idea.. that she would take it lying down like that.

1974 M. Gilbert Flash Point viii. 64 I heard what the beak said to you. I had an idea you weren't going to take it lying down.

to lie forth

† Of bees: To settle outside the hive. (Cf. to lie out at Phrasal verbs) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [verb (intransitive)] > settle outside hive (of bees)

to lie forth1623

to lie out1634

1623 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie (rev. ed.) iii. sig. G2 Those [hives] that haue lien forth or otherwise be verie full, you may let alone.

to lie in

1. To be brought to bed of a child (†also const. with); to be ‘confined’. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > confinement > be confined [verb]

to lie inc1440

to lie downa1500

to bring abed1523

to be confined1772

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 304/2 Lyyn' yn or yn chylde bedde..decubo.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) xvii. sig. Cii As yet I am not determyned in what place she shall lye in.

1602 S. Rowlands Tis Merrie 35 When I lay in of my first Boy.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. iii. 79 You must go visit the good Lady that lies in .

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §899 The Shee-Beare breedeth, and lyeth in with her Young.

1730 Visct. Bolingbroke Let. 12 Feb. in J. Swift Lett. (1766) II. 397 His wife lies-in with one child.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. xii. xiv. 309 Five hungry Children, and a Wife lying in of a sixth.

1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World II. 106 They regularly retire every year at proper intervals to lie in of the spleen.

1825 New Monthly Mag. 13 51 Learning then ordinarily lay-in of folio volumes.

1871 E. B. Tylor Primitive Culture 76 'Tis like a Koravan eating asafœtida when his wife lies in.

†2. To amount to, cost (a certain sum); ‘to stand (a person) in’ so much. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > [verb (transitive)] > be priced at

be1484

to come to ——1577

to lie in1622

1622 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 212 Soe much money..as the tendinge and keepinge of the said clocke shall lye in.

1660 T. Willsford Scales Commerce & Trade 1 A Grocer bought 5¾ C grosse weight of Wares, which lay him in..£163 13s. 8d.

1677 A. Yarranton England's Improvem. 134 The Corn will lye the Mum-Brewers in Two Shillings Six-pence per Bushel.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Lie 21. To cost: as, it lies me in more money.

3. Nautical. (See quot. 1867.)

ΚΠ

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Lie in! the order to come in from the yards when reefing, furling, or other duty is performed.

4. To remain in bed (after one's usual hour of rising). Cf. lie-in n. at lie n.² Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > [verb (intransitive)] > later than usual

sleep1740

to lie it out1748

sleep1827

to lie in1893

sleep1931

1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Lie, in the combination lie-in, to sleep longer than intended.

1911 E. M. Clowes On Wallaby v. 144 On Sundays her husband and son ‘lay in’, as she called it, till midday, while she gave them their breakfast in bed.

to lie off

1. Nautical. Of a ship or boat: To stand some distance away from the shore or from some other craft.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction > remain (stationary) away from shore or ship

to lie off1598

to lay off1781

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. i. 76 The remnant Northward lying off from Trent.

1726 Four Years Voy. Capt. G. Roberts 26 As I lay off at an Anchor.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Lie off! an order given to a boat to remain off on her oars till permission is given for her to come alongside.

1890 H. Caine Bondman i. ix [The schooner] intending to lie off at Ramsey for contraband rum.

2. To cease work temporarily; to take a rest.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > temporarily cease activity or operation [verb (intransitive)] > rest

restOE

to hang up one's hatcheta1350

to latch one's ease, one's leave1377

sabbatize1382

roc1460

repose1494

repause1526

respire1566

respite1587

requiesce1653

to rest (also lie) on one's oars1726

to lay off1841

to rest up1858

spell1880

to lie off1891

1891 R. Kipling City Dreadful Night 81 As soon as he makes a little money he lies off and spends it.

1899 Nation (N.Y.) 21 Dec. 467/1 If McKinley would lie off for the next four years, he might make a very good free-trade candidate for the Presidency in 1904.

Categories »

3. Horse Racing slang. ‘To make a waiting race’ (Farmer Slang 1896).

to lie on

†1. To be laid on. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1643 J. Shute Sarah & Hagar (1649) 109 Upon the first laying on of the rod, it may be, we will stamp and chafe; but when it still lies on..we lie quiet, and then our spirit comes down.

2. Of a vessel: To be bound for.

ΚΠ

1850 Tait's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 38/1 Not one [vessel] was, just then, ‘lying on’ for the Baltic way, the season being so late.

to lie out

†1. To stretch out, extend. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > promontory, headland, or cape > form promontory [verb (intransitive)]

arma1552

nessa1552

peninsulatea1552

to lie out1601

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 54 Spaine and France..lying out with their promontories into two contrary seas.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 61 Corsica..lyeth out from the North into the South, and containeth in length an hundred and fiftie miles.

2. †To rest or settle outside (obsolete); to sleep out, now dialect of cattle, to be left unhoused at night. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [verb (intransitive)] > settle outside hive (of bees)

to lie forth1623

to lie out1634

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > [verb (intransitive)] > in a specific place > outdoors

to sleep (formerly also live, lie) rough1672

to lie out1712

sleep1852

1634 J. Levett Ordering of Bees 34 Their Bees haue exceedingly lyen out upon the Hiue and board.

1712 J. Arbuthnot App. to John Bull Still in Senses i. 9 The Witnesses farther made Oath, That the said Timothy lay out a Nights.

1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Lie in, Lie out, said of horses or cows. If they are kept housed at night, they are said to lie in, if not they lie out. Do your 'oss lie in or out?

3. Scottish. To delay; spec. to delay in entering upon property as heir.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (intransitive)]

geleOE

studegieOE

abideOE

to do in or a (= on) fristc1175

dwellc1175

demurc1230

targec1250

dretcha1325

tarrya1375

sojourn1377

defer1382

letc1385

hinderc1386

blina1400

delay?a1400

honea1400

litea1400

overbidea1400

prolongc1425

supersede1433

hoverc1440

tarrowc1480

sunyie1488

stay?a1500

sleep1519

slack1530

protract1540

linger1548

procrastinate1548

slackc1560

slug1565

jauk1568

temporize1579

detract1584

longering1587

sit1591

prorogue1593

to time it out1613

to lie out1640

crastinate1656

taigle17..

to hang fire1782

to hold off1790

to hang it on1819

prevaricate1854

to lie over1856

to tread water1942

to drag one's feet1946

1640 in J. Nicholson Minute Bk. War Comm. Covenanters Kirkcudbright 3 Sept. (1855) 42 For his lying sae lang out in not subscryveing of the covenant.

1677 in Fountainhall's Decisions in M. P. Brown Suppl. Dict. Decisions Court of Session (1826) III. 146 A man is married on a woman that is apparent heir to lands.. . She, to defraud her husband either of the jus mariti or the courtesy, lies out and will not enter.

1868 Act 31 & 32 Victoria c. 101 §6 The rights and remedies competent to a superior against his vassal lying out unentered.

4. to lie it out: to sleep on late into the morning. ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > [verb (intransitive)] > later than usual

sleep1740

to lie it out1748

sleep1827

to lie in1893

sleep1931

1748 S. Richardson Clarissa IV. li. 301 The dear creature was so frighten'd, and so fatigued last night, no wonder she lies it out this morning.

5. to lie out of one's money: to remain unpaid. to lie out of one's ground (Horse Racing slang): see quot. 1896.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > financial loss > suffer financial loss [verb (intransitive)]

to be out of one's way1596

to be in disburse1608

to be out of purse1615

bleed1671

to lie out of one's money1860

drop1876

1860 ‘G. Eliot’ Mill on Floss I. i. viii. 151 I can't lie out o' my money any longer. You must raise it as quick as you can.

1892 Daily Chron. 19 Apr. 9/2 How can zealous discharge of this duty be expected, when the officer..has to advance the cost of the summons, and lie out of his money for a year at a time, if not for ever?

1896 J. S. Farmer Slang To lie out of one's ground = to ‘lie off’ too long, so as to be unable to recover lost ground.

6. Of land: to lie fallow or unused.

ΚΠ

1850 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1849: Agric. 402 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (31st Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 20, Pt. 2) VI After the corn crop, do not suffer the land to ‘lie out’. No error can be more opposed to good farming.

to lie over

1. To be held over or deferred to a future occasion.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (intransitive)]

geleOE

studegieOE

abideOE

to do in or a (= on) fristc1175

dwellc1175

demurc1230

targec1250

dretcha1325

tarrya1375

sojourn1377

defer1382

letc1385

hinderc1386

blina1400

delay?a1400

honea1400

litea1400

overbidea1400

prolongc1425

supersede1433

hoverc1440

tarrowc1480

sunyie1488

stay?a1500

sleep1519

slack1530

protract1540

linger1548

procrastinate1548

slackc1560

slug1565

jauk1568

temporize1579

detract1584

longering1587

sit1591

prorogue1593

to time it out1613

to lie out1640

crastinate1656

taigle17..

to hang fire1782

to hold off1790

to hang it on1819

prevaricate1854

to lie over1856

to tread water1942

to drag one's feet1946

1856 J. W. Carlyle Lett. II. 294 I have a strange story to tell you..but that must lie over, or I shall miss the omnibus.

2. ‘To remain unpaid after the time when payment is due’ (Craig 1848).

3. Nautical. (See quot. 1867.)

ΚΠ

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Lie over, a ship heeling to it with the wind abeam.

4. U.S. To suspend travelling; to stop.

ΚΠ

1849 Executive Documents U.S. Senate (31st Congress, 1st Sess.) No. 64. 186 But I shall make an early drive and ‘lie over’ tomorrow at the first water.

1854 J. R. Bartlett Personal Narr. Explor. & Incidents II. xlv. 538 We arrived there too late for the morning cars. We had, therefore, to lie over a day.

1903 A. Adams Log of Cowboy 181 We overtook a number of wagons loaded with wool, lying over, as it was Sunday.

to lie to

1. Nautical. Of a ship: To come almost to a standstill, with her head as near the wind as possible, by backing or shortening sail.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > support (an amount of) sail [verb (intransitive)] > lie to

trya1584

to lie by1623

to lay by1697

to lie to1711

to lay to1798

1711 J. Littleton Let. 13 Aug. in London Gaz. No. 4906/3 The largest of them lay too a long time.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. viii. 79 Another storm..reduced us to the necessity of lying to under our bare poles.

1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality III. xvi. 160 We shortened sail, and lay too till morning.

1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Chron. 117/2 It blew a strong gale..on which Lieut. Roper handed all his sails, except the mizen, which he balanced, and lay to.

1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island v. xxvi. 212 Take a turn round the capstan, and lie-to for the tide.

2. Scottish. To come to be fond of a person.

ΚΠ

1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 79 I do like him sair, An' that he wad ly too [1789 p. 85 like me], I hae nae fear.

to lie up

†1. To be laid out for burial.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > preparation or treatment of corpse > of corpse: to be prepared [verb (intransitive)] > be laid out

to lie up1553

1553 T. Becon Relikes of Rome (1563) 253 Vilanye and synne y^t weren vsed & done about dead bodyes ligging vp & yet is vsed about in many places, or the body be borne to church.

2. To go into or remain in retirement or retreat; to take to one's bed or keep one's room as an invalid; (of a ship) to go into dock.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > launching a vessel > be launched [verb (intransitive)] > of ship: lie unused in harbour

to lie by the wall (or walls)1579

to lie up1699

the world > health and disease > ill health > be in ill health [verb (intransitive)] > take to bed

to lay up1554

to take one's lair1633

to lie up1850

to take to one's bed1883

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > [adverb]

in privity?c1225

in private1469

on private1582

monkishly1595

retiredly1599

recluse1612

reclusely1748

in seclusion1785

secludedly1837

en retraite1840

reclusively1845

upon the snug1861

to lie up1881

1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. iii. iii. 24 There they [sc. ships] must lye up or be 3 or 4 Years in their return from a place which may be sailed in 6 Weeks.

1850 Househ. Words 9 Nov. 162/1 He has a bad cold—rheumatism—he must lie up for a day or two.

1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 595 The black bear lies up during the day in caves and amongst rocks.

1893 R. Kipling Many Inventions 26 When there's nothing going on, there is nothing going on, and you lie up.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 443 Some days the patient may feel comparatively well and fit for work, on other days he is languid and lies up.

3. to lie up in lavender: to be in safe keeping or custody. (Cf. lavender n.² 2.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > be safe [verb (intransitive)] > be in safe keeping

to lie up in lavender1822

1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel III. i. 17 Alas! the good gentleman lies up in lavender..himself.

4. To lay or shape one's course.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct one's course [verb (intransitive)]

thinkeOE

bowa1000

seta1000

scritheOE

minlOE

turnc1175

to wend one's wayc1225

ettlec1275

hieldc1275

standc1300

to take (the) gatec1330

bear?c1335

applyc1384

aim?a1400

bend1399

hita1400

straighta1400

bounc1400

intendc1425

purposec1425

appliquec1440

stevenc1440

shape1480

make1488

steera1500

course1555

to make out1558

to make in1575

to make for ——a1593

to make forth1594

plyc1595

trend1618

tour1768

to lie up1779

head1817

loop1898

1779 T. Forrest Voy. New Guinea 169 The land wind veered to the northward, and we lay up no better than west.

1868 J. C. Atkinson Gloss. Cleveland Dial. Lig up to, to proceed towards, to lay or shape one's course to, a given place.

Draft additions 1997

a. Also, to assume or resume a recumbent posture (earlier and later examples).

ΚΠ

1862 ‘C. Bede’ College Life 74 Mr. Percival Wylde was lying back upon his pillows, apparently engaged in sipping the gruellous compound.

1920 E. O'Neill Beyond Horizon iii. i. 153 He lies back and closes his eyes, breathing pantingly.

1979 W. Golding Darkness Visible xiii. 216 She lay back again and shut her eyes.

1986 A. Brookner Misalliance x. 154 Alone, Blanche lay back thankfully, but again sleep did not come.

b. spec. with reference to unwanted but inevitable sexual intercourse (also sometimes humorously figurative) in phrases lie back and think of England, lie back and enjoy it, and variants.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > other types of sexual activity or intercourse > engage in other types of sexual activity or intercourse [verb (intransitive)] > other specific

fumblec1690

lie back and think of England1969

1912 Lady Hillingdon Jrnl. in J. Gathorne-Hardy Rise & Fall of Brit. Nanny (1972) iii. 71 When I hear his steps outside my door I lie down on my bed, open my legs and think of England.]

1969 S. Hyland Top Bloody Secret ii. 113 He relaxed on the principle of rape-impossible-lie-back-and-enjoy.

1974 L. Deighton Spy Story viii. 82 Reunification is inevitable—lie back and enjoy it.

1977 Partridge Dict. Catch Phrases 138/2 Lie back and enjoy it! ‘A c.p. allegedly used as advice to a girl when escape from rape is impossible’ (Barry Prentice, 15 December 1974): since &c.. 1950.

1987 Daily Tel. 4 Apr. 9/1 From then until the end of the play's three-hour traffic, I lay back and thought of England, letting Trevor Nunn have his way with me and with Heywood's mundane piece of early 17th-century drama.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	lie
释义	lien.¹ Brit. /lʌɪ/, U.S. /laɪ/ Forms: Old English lyge, lige, Middle English leȝe, leye, lighe, liyhe (plural leis), Middle English legh(e, Middle English lyȝe, Middle English–1700s lye, Middle English–1500s, 1800s (Scottish and northern dialect) lee (plural lees, 1500s leis), Middle English le, Middle English, 1600s ly, 1500s Scottish ley, Middle English– lie. Etymology: Old English lyge strong masculine = Old High German lug (Middle High German luc , inflected lug- ; modern German lug ) < Old Germanic type lugi-z , < lug- weak-grade of leug- , Old English léogan* : see lie v.² Compare the synonymous Old High German lugîn (feminine) (Middle High German, modern German lüge ), Old Norse lygi feminine. The formal identity between the noun and the verb is a result of convergent sound-change. In northern dialects the plural lees is liable to confusion with lease n.² 1. a. An act or instance of lying; a false statement made with intent to deceive; a criminal falsehood. Phrase, to tell (†formerly to make) a lie. †Also, without lie, no lie, truly (often as an expletive in Middle English poetry; cf. without fable at fable n. 1d), white lie n. 1.In modern use, the word is normally a violent expression of moral reprobation, which in polite conversation tends to be avoided, the synonyms falsehood and untruth being often substituted as relatively euphemistic. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > [noun] > a falsehood, lie liec900 leasingc1000 falsehoodc1290 falsedom1297 gabbinga1300 fablec1300 follyc1300 fittenc1440 untruthc1449 crackc1450 fallacy1481 falsity1557 falsedict1579 untroth1581 crackera1625 flam1632 mendacity1646 fairy story1692 false1786 whid1794 gag1805 wrinkle1819 reacher1828 cram1842 untruism1845 crammer1861 inveracity1864 bung1882 fairy tale1896 mistruth1897 post-and-rails1945 pork pie1973 porky1985 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > lie, tell (lies) [verb (transitive)] lie1377 forgec1386 to belie the truthc1400 tellc1400 to tell (formerly to make) a liec1400 sayc1460 to face (a person) with a lie1530 cog1570 c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) iii. xiv. [xix.] 212 An is ærest lyges [v.r. liges] fyr [L. unum (sc. ignem) mendacii]. OE Christ & Satan 53 Þu us gelærdæst ðurh lyge ðinne þæt we helende heran ne scealdon. a1300 E.E. Psalter v. 7 That lighe [MS. Harl. liyhe] spekes leses tou mare and lesse. a1300 E.E. Psalter lviii. 13 Of legh, and of cursinge, Sal þai be schewed in endinge. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2117 Mo þan an hundred, with-uten leye. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (Rolls) 10587 Of Arthure ys seid many selcouþ..Al ys nougt soþ, ne nought al lye. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxvi. 18 A wicked spekere delited is in his leghe. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Prol. 12 Men schal nat wenyn euery thyng a lye For that he say it nat of ȝore a-go. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13941 Sal yee na leis here o mi toth. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 304 Much to blame..Þat louez [read leuez] oure lorde wolde make a lyȝe. c1470 J. Hardyng Chron. vii. vii Iubiter gate Dardanus no lee. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 199 And in my name all leis recordis. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xlvi. 155 Oberon neuer as yet made any lye to you. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12594 Thies foure in hor falshode had forget a lie. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. iv. 74 And twenty of these punie lies ile tell. View more context for this quotation a1618 W. Raleigh Life & Death Mahomet (1637) 146 He was never known to make a Ly. a1651 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) II. 153 They doe receave but the lees of men for the truthe of God. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. xi. 51 Able to make a man both to believe lyes, and tell them. 1727 D. Defoe Ess. Hist. Apparitions i. 12 Sarah was the first..that ever told God a Lye to his Face. a1764 R. Lloyd Epist. to C. Churchill in Poet. Wks. (1774) I. 88 Shrewd Suspicion..To truth declar'd, prefers a whisper'd lye. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1781 II. 354 Johnson had accustomed himself to use the word lie, to express a mistake or an errour in relation..though the relater did not mean to deceive. 1796 Ld. Nelson 24 July in Dispatches & Lett. (1846) VII. xciii The lie of the day is, that Archduke Charles has requested an Armistice, which the French General positively refused. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. vi. 149 For they were queer hands the monks, unless mony lees is made on them. 1820 S. T. Coleridge Lett., Conversat., & Recoll. I. 119 I am almost inclined to reverse the proverb and say ‘What every one says must be a lie’. 1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple II. xv. 264 All lies disgrace a gentleman, white or black. 1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar xx. 339 It was perhaps a lie invented by political malignity. b. transferred. Something grossly deceptive; an imposture. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > [noun] > instance of braida1000 fraudc1374 mock1523 brogue1537 flim-flamc1538 imposture1548 lie1560 cozening1576 smoke-hole1580 gullery1598 gull1600 cog1602 coggery1602 fraudulency1630 imposition1632 cheat1649 fourbery1650 prestige1656 sham1677 crimp1684 bite1711 humbug1750 swindle1778 hookum-snivey1781 shim-sham1797 gag1805 intake1808 racket1819 wooden nutmeg1822 sell1838 caper1851 skin game1879 Kaffir bargain1899 swizzle1913 swizz1915 put-on1919 ready-up1924 rort1926 jack-up1945 1560 Bible (Geneva) Psalms lxii. 9 Yet the children of men are vanitie, the chief men are lies [1611 men of high degree are a lie]. 1649 E. Reynolds Israels Prayer (new ed.) iv. 59 The very formality of an Idol is to be a lye, to stand for that which it is not. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. xi. v. 133 How is it possible for a Man to maintain a constant Lie in his Appearance [etc.] ? View more context for this quotation 1842 E. Miall in Nonconformist 2 177 Homage the most indirect paid to the state church is..the worship of a lie. 1851 J. Ruskin Stones of Venice I. i. 28 The sculptor of this base and senseless lie [sc. the Vendramin statue]. 2. a. to give the lie (to): to accuse (a person) to his face of lying. Also transferred of facts, actions, etc.: to prove the falsity of, to contradict (appearances, professions). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > contrary evidence > contradict, go against [verb (transitive)] traverse1491 to make against ——a1540 contradict1593 to give the lie (to)1593 dementie1594 belie1624 militate1642 contravenea1670 disconfirm1827 contra-indicate1880 the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > make accusation [phrase] > of lying to give the lie (to)1593 dementie1594 1593 R. Bancroft Daungerous Positions i. iii. 13 They gaue the Queene the lie. 1599 H. Buttes Dyets Dry Dinner sig. C2 Though Galen saith,..yet experience gives him the lye. 1608 W. Raleigh Lie in F. Davison et al. Poet. Rapsodie (new ed.) 17 Goe since I needs must die And giue the world the lie. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) iii. ii. 78 Giue me the lye another time. View more context for this quotation 1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 83 Tertullian..therein gives the lie to all Antiquitie. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 99. ¶7 The great Violation of the Point of Honour from Man to Man, is giving the Lie. 1768 W. Donaldson Life Sir Bartholomew Sapskull II. 110 She gave him the lie for his civility, by assuring him she eat very hearty. 1805 T. Lindley Voy. Brasil (1808) 115 Replies..that nearly gave the lie to his pretended superior knowledge. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward III. iii. 47 Francis the First, and the Emperor Charles, gave each other the lie direct. 1856 C. Reade It is never too Late II. iv. 49 Am I to understand that you give Mr. Hawes the lie? b. Hence occasionally the lie is used for: The action of giving the lie; the charge of falsehood. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > denial or contradiction > [noun] > giving the lie belying1574 lie1597 démenti1697 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iv. i. 57 That lie shall lie so heauie on my sword, That [etc.] . View more context for this quotation 1600 S. Rowlands Letting of Humors Blood iii. 61 Astronomers..By common censure somtimes meete the lie. 1705 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft 14 The other gives him the Lye,..and follows his Lye with a Stab. 1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. iii. ii. 161 He abhors to take the Lye but not to tell it. Compounds C1. General attributive. Chiefly objective. a. lie-giving n. ΚΠ 1848 W. M. Thackeray Bk. Snobs xxxii. 121 Lie-givings, challenges, retractions. lie-hater n. ΚΠ 1900 York Powell in St. George III. 66 We at least will be a people of truth-lovers and lie-haters. lie-monger n. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > [noun] > a liar liarc950 gabbera1325 fabler1362 wernard1362 leasing-mongerc1380 false sayera1382 leasing-maker1424 leasing-bearerc1440 contriver1477 drivelard1530 falsifier1532 lie-teller1552 Ananias1572 lick-dish1575 falsificator1609 fabulist1626 cracka1640 leaser1641 commentiter1645 prevaricator1650 cracker1652 bugiarda1670 rapper1758 pseudologist1804 Tom Pepper1818 wrinkler1819 lie-monger1830 untruther1889 tale-teller1894 1830 G. P. R. James Darnley III. vii. 152 The tales that were circulated by the liemongers of the Court. lie-teller n. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > [noun] > a liar liarc950 gabbera1325 fabler1362 wernard1362 leasing-mongerc1380 false sayera1382 leasing-maker1424 leasing-bearerc1440 contriver1477 drivelard1530 falsifier1532 lie-teller1552 Ananias1572 lick-dish1575 falsificator1609 fabulist1626 cracka1640 leaser1641 commentiter1645 prevaricator1650 cracker1652 bugiarda1670 rapper1758 pseudologist1804 Tom Pepper1818 wrinkler1819 lie-monger1830 untruther1889 tale-teller1894 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Lye teller, or liynge knaue or queane. a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 215 The end and purpose of the lye-teller. lie-writer n. ΚΠ 1863 Notes & Queries 3rd Ser. 3 300 We would advise him to give more attention to the contemporary libellers and lie-writers. b. lie-consuming adj. ΚΠ 1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 48 Thy lie-consuming mirror. C2. † lie-bill n. Obsolete a distortion of libel n.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1620 J. Melton Astrologaster 61 Pasquil and Morphirius, on whose brests were written no Lie-Bills, as the Popes called them, but True-Bills of their villanies. lie-detector n. originally U.S. an instrument intended to indicate when a person is lying by detecting changes in his physiological characteristics. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > [noun] > a liar > machine for detecting lies lie-detector1909 polygraph1942 1909 C. E. Walk Yellow Circle iv. 69 It is a lie detector... You set some wheels going. 1922 Rep. 45th Ann. Meeting Amer. Bar Assoc. 619 (heading) The Berkeley Lie Detector and other deception tests. 1933 PMLA 48 609 These views lead to such revolting pseudo-scientific nonsense as the use..of a lie detector apparatus in order to convict defendants. 1962 Listener 19 Apr. 691/2 With special instruments you can measure electrical changes in the skin when a person is emotionally upset or aroused, changes which we call the galvanic skin response, and which are made use of in the so-called ‘lie detector’. 1971 Daily Tel. 28 July 4/8 About 30 employees..have been given lie-detector tests in the fight against pilfering. It is believed to be the first use of ‘polygraph interviews’, as the tests are called, in New York shops. 1974 ‘A. Garve’ File on Lester ii. 9 When a politician talks of frankness most voters reach for their lie-detectors. lie-tea n. said to be a transl. of the name given by the Chinese to teas coloured for the European market. ΚΠ 1876 A. H. Hassall Food 114 This article has received the name of ‘lie-tea’ because it is spurious, and for the most part, not tea at all. Draft additions 1997 In weakened or non-pejorative sense: an anecdote, tale, ‘tall story’. lie and story n. gossip. Originally and chiefly Black English. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > anecdote > [noun] storya1425 anecdote1718 anecdota1721 nanny-goat1764 historiette1839 nancy story1858 lie1934 society > communication > information > rumour > [noun] speechc1000 wordOE hearinga1300 opinion1340 talesa1375 famea1387 inklinga1400 slandera1400 noising1422 rumour?a1425 bruit1477 nickinga1500 commoninga1513 roarc1520 murmura1522 hearsay?1533 cry1569 scandal1596 vogue1626 discourse1677 sough1716 circulation1775 gossip1811 myth1849 breeze1879 sound1899 potin1922 dirt1926 rumble1929 skinny1938 labrish1942 lie and story1950 scam1964 he-say-she-say1972 factoid1973 ripple1977 goss1985 1934 Z. N. Hurston Jonah's Gourd Vine vi. 105 Y'all wanta heah some lies? 1935 Z. N. Hurston Mules & Men i. ii. 37 ‘Zora,..you come to the right place if lies is what you want. Ah'm gointer lie up a nation.’... It was a hilarious night with a pinch of everything social mixed with the story-telling. 1943 F. G. Cassidy & R. B. Le Page Dict. Jamaican Eng. (1967) 274/2 Lie an story, gossip. 1950 L. Bennett et al. Anancy Stories & Dial. Verse 33 Him start fe carry lie and story between dem and start big kas-kas. 1960 P. Oliver Blues fell this Morning vi. 152 When there is nothing else to do he joins his fellows to tell ‘lies’. 1966 D. J. Crowley I could talk Old-story Good ii. 14 The narrators themselves refer to a tale as ‘a wonderful lie’, but they mean to indicate a work of the imagination rather than an untruth. 1977 in J. L. Dillard Lex. Black Eng. viii. 139 Sometimes the joke, or the lie told, makes up the better part of the occasion. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2021). lien.² Brit. /lʌɪ/, U.S. /laɪ/ Forms: Also 1600s lye. Etymology: < lie v.¹ 1. a. Manner of lying; direction or position in which something lies; direction and amount of slope or inclination. Also figurative the state, position, or aspect (of affairs, etc.). the lie of the land. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > [noun] standing?c1400 situationa1484 setting?1523 disposition?1541 position1556 collocation1605 posture1605 standa1684 lie1697 lay1819 presentation1833 sit1857 gisement1864 orientation1875 the world > the earth > land > landscape > [noun] chorography1617 pedography1625 topography1642 paysage1650 face1673 the lie of the land1697 carte du pays1744 terrain1766 network1839 landscape1886 land form1893 microtopography1941 the world > space > place > position or situation > [noun] stallc1000 logh11.. settlea1340 placea1375 steada1387 sitea1398 assizec1400 position?a1425 estal1480 stound1557 planting1585 location1592 positure1600 posture1605 seat1607 situs1629 ubi1630 ubiety1645 locus1648 locality1656 topography1658 whereness1674 lie1697 spot1769 locus standi1809 possie1916 ubicity1922 the world > space > direction > [noun] > direction in which a thing extends journey?a1560 run1671 lie1697 line of bearing1717 trend1777 lay1819 orientation1875 the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [noun] > state of affairs or situation thingeOE stallc1000 estrec1300 farea1325 arrayc1386 casea1393 costa1400 state of thingsa1500 style?a1505 predicament1586 facta1617 posture1620 picture1661 situation1750 position1829 lie1850 posish1859 state of play1916 the form1934 score1938 sitch1954 1697 Connecticut Hist. Soc. Coll. (1897) VI. 248 Nott to alter the proper lye of the Land. 1846 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters (ed. 3) I. 398 The general lie and disposition of the boughs. 1849 J. F. W. Johnston Exper. Agric. 101 On what geological formation the land rests—its physical position or lie. 1850 J. H. Newman Lect. Diffic. Anglicans 325 To map out the field of thought..and to ascertain its lie and its characteristics. 1862 A. Trollope N. Amer. II. 2 Washington, from the lie of the land, can hardly have been said to be centrical at any time. 1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia VI. xx. iii. 62 Friedrich understands well enough..from the lie of matters, what his plan will be. 1894 S. Baring-Gould Deserts S. France I. 15 The horizontal lie of the chalk beds. 1894 W. Besant In Deacon's Orders 83 The lie of his hair, his pose [etc.]. 1950 E. H. Gombrich Story of Art 1 To show the newcomer the lie of the land without confusing him with details. 1956 M. Lowry Let. 13 Nov. (1967) 392 If anyone is to blame it is I, for not giving you the lie of the land before. 1966 D. Varaday Gara-Yaka's Domain xi. 123 The quick powers of grasping a situation with which all game are endowed, showed themselves in the speedy summing-up by the leading boar, as he got the lie of the land. b. Golf. (a) ‘The inclination of a club when held on the ground in the natural position for striking’. (b) ‘The situation of a ball—good or bad’. ( Badm. Libr., Golf Gloss.) ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > [noun] > lie of club lie1857 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > [noun] > lie of ball stymie1834 lie1857 cuppy lie1882 1857 H. B. Farnie Golfer's Man. in Golfiana Misc. (1887) 126 The precise lie [of the ball] it [the niblick] is intended for so seldom occurs. 1857 H. B. Farnie Golfer's Man. in Golfiana Misc. (1887) 141 The lie of these spoons should be rather upright. 1887 W. G. Simpson Art of Golf 152 From a bad lie it is the only way I know of to loft a ball. 1890 H. G. Hutchinson in H. G. Hutchinson et al. Golf (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 58 An important consideration is the ‘lie’ of the driving club. 2. concrete. A mass that lies; a stratum, layer. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum coursec1430 couch1661 stratum1671 dess1673 strata1676 bed1684 floor1692 flooring1697 stratificationa1703 rock1712 liea1728 lay-bed1728 post1794 a1728 J. Woodward Attempt Nat. Hist. Fossils Eng. (1729) i. 12 Not in regular orderly Strata..as Stone-lies, and various sorts of Earth which are in their original State. 1865 A. C. Swinburne Phædra 153 The heifer..sleek under shaggy and speckled lies of hair. 3. The place where an animal, etc. is accustomed to lie; to haunt. Also, room for lying. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > by habitat > habitat > [noun] > dwelling place or shelter houseOE denOE holdc1275 lying-placea1382 coucha1398 homea1398 logis1477 starting-hole1530 cabbage1567 lodge1567 lair1575 lay1590 squat1590 hover1602 denning1622 start-holea1641 bed1694 niche1725 shed1821 lying1834 basking-hole1856 lie1869 homesite1882 holt1890 lying-ground1895 1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. vii. 80 There were very fine loaches here, having more lie and harbourage than in the rough Lynn stream. 1886 Q. Rev. Oct. 359 (note) At other times he [a salmon] is usually resting in his ‘stand’ or ‘lie’. 1888 H. R. Haggard Maiwa's Revenge i. 2 A long narrow spinney which was a very favourite ‘lie’ for woodcock. Categories » 4. Railways. ‘A siding or short offset from the main line, into which trucks may be run for the purpose of loading and unloading’ ( Cent. Dict.). (See also lye n.²) 5. A period of resting or lying (esp. in bed). See also lie-down n. at Compounds, lie-in n., lie-up n. at Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > [noun] > bedtime or time spent in bed bedtimea1250 sleepy-time1862 lie-in1867 lie1930 sack time1944 1930 L. Cooper Ship of Truth i. 30 Sunday was their one chance of a long lie. 1938 D. Du Maurier Rebecca xvii. 271 Have a good long lie tomorrow morning. Don't attempt to get up. Compounds lie-about n. an idle person, one of no fixed occupation, a disreputable ‘character’; = layabout n. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > [noun] > lazy person > an idler or loafer lurdanc1330 player1340 moochera1425 loon?c1450 lounger?a1513 idler1534 rest man1542 holiday-woman1548 baty bummill1568 bummill baty1568 friar-fly?1577 idol1579 lingerer1579 loll1582 idleby1589 shit-rags1598 blaitie bum1602 idle1635 Lollard1635 loiterer1684 saunterer1688 scobberlotchera1697 bumble1786 quisby1789 waffler1805 shoat1808 loafer1830 bummer1855 dead beat1863 bum1864 scowbanker1864 schnorrer1875 scowbank1881 ikey1906 layabout1932 lie-about1937 spine-basher1946 limer1964 1937 M. Allingham Dancers in Mourning ii. 27 He took out a wallet which would have disgraced a lie-about. 1956 Daily Mail 26 Apr. 1/1 They are called champions of the prize ring but on Tuesday they appeared as two fat and horizontal lie-abouts. 1961 Guardian 27 Jan. 9/4 This former lie-about has got himself married. lie-down n. colloquial a rest (on a bed, etc.); a form of protest in which the participants lie on the ground and refuse to move. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > [noun] > rest > in specific posture lie-down1840 stretch1856 sit-down1857 lay-down1897 society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > militancy > [noun] > demonstration > types of demonstration or protest counterprotest1595 student demonstration1856 lie-in1867 rent strike1881 hunger strike1889 march1908 protest march1914 occupation1920 lie-down1936 sit-down1936 sit-in1936 freedom march1947 vigil1956 freedom walk1957 swim-in1960 freedom ride1961 sitting in1961 sleep-out1961 fish-in1964 live-in1964 stall-in1964 sleep-in1965 Long March1967 love-in1967 talk-in1967 write-in1967 die-in1970 dirty protest1979 blanket protest1982 1840 H. Mozley Let. 13 Oct. in D. Mozley Newman Family Lett. (1962) 93 I should be very glad of a lie down but cannot. 1850 C. Kingsley Alton Locke I. v. 80 You must keep moving all night..or else you goes to a twopenny-rope shop and gets a lie down. 1919 W. S. Maugham Moon & Sixpence xlvii. 202 When..we hadn't even got the price of a lie down at the Chink's, he'd be as lively as a cricket. 1928 St. J. Ervine Four One-act Plays 65 Yes, Aggie, you go an' 'ave a lie-down, see, and you'll be all right. 1936 Time 7 Dec. Second Sit-Down, Lie-Down... Twelve women and forty-five men, picketing the Berkshire Knitting Mills in Reading, Pennsylvania, by lying flat on its ice-covered front walk..were arrested. 1970 D. Balsdon Oxf. Then & Now iii. v. 114 It is..the small body of demonstrators with whom we are here concerned—in particular the sit-down or lie-down to impede the Vice-Chancellor and Proctors in the exercise of their proper duties on November 5th, 1968. 1974 M. Birmingham You can help Me ii. 43 I won't risk our clients to you in your concussed state... Why don't you go and have a little lie-down? lie-in n. colloquial = sense 5; also, as a form of protest, = lie-down n. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > [noun] > bedtime or time spent in bed bedtimea1250 sleepy-time1862 lie-in1867 lie1930 sack time1944 society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > militancy > [noun] > demonstration > types of demonstration or protest counterprotest1595 student demonstration1856 lie-in1867 rent strike1881 hunger strike1889 march1908 protest march1914 occupation1920 lie-down1936 sit-down1936 sit-in1936 freedom march1947 vigil1956 freedom walk1957 swim-in1960 freedom ride1961 sitting in1961 sleep-out1961 fish-in1964 live-in1964 stall-in1964 sleep-in1965 Long March1967 love-in1967 talk-in1967 write-in1967 die-in1970 dirty protest1979 blanket protest1982 1867 T. Wright Some Habits Working Classes iii. 206 The luxury of ‘a long lie in’, is the earliest and most universal of the delights of a working man's Sunday. 1916 ‘Taffrail’ Pincher Martin xvi. 300 Lucky dogs!.. You've got a lie in. I envy you. This is a night for poor old Peter to be at sea. 1932 C. L. Morgan Fountain ii. iv. 120 He left orders you was both to have a lie-in this morning. 1959 G. Freeman Jack would be Gentleman ix. 192 I'm going to 'ave a bit of a lie in..seeing I'm on 'oliday. 1964 Tuscaloosa (Alabama) News 20 Apr. 1/8 The reported demonstration plans grew—from an auto stall-in on access roads to the fair to sit-ins, lie-ins and alike on other major highways, bridges and in tunnels throughout the city. 1971 Time 27 Dec. 40 Last week pollution protesters staged a lie-in at government offices in Tokyo. lie-up n. the fact of lying inactive in a place. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > [noun] > fact of remaining inactive lie-up1908 1908 J. W. Tyrrell Across Sub-Arctics of Canada (ed. 3) 222 The two hundred mile tramp..had hardened our muscles so much that, with the ten days' ‘lie-up’ on the bank of the Nelson River,..we were now in first-class walking trim. 1926 Blackwood's Mag. Dec. 850/2 We settled ourselves down for a happy four months of ‘lie-up’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online June 2022). Lien.³ Brit. /liː/, U.S. /li/ Etymology: < the name of Sophus Lie (1842–99), Norwegian mathematician. Used attributively to denote certain concepts investigated by Lie. a. Lie algebra n. a vector space extending over a field in which a product operation (×) is defined such that for all x, y, z in the space x × y is bilinear, x × x = 0, and (x × y) × z + (y × z) × x + (z × x) × y = 0. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > tensor > [noun] > vector > vector space linear algebra1870 Lie algebra1935 vector space1937 1935 Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 41 344 A Lie algebra L over a non-modular field F will be called normal simple over F if H is an algebraically closed extension of F and L_H is a simple algebra. 1965 H. J. Lipkin Lie Groups for Pedestrians i. 14 The use of the Lie algebra therefore simplifies the solution of the eigenvalue problem for the Hamiltonian by defining a number of integrals of the motion. b. Lie group n. a topological group in which it is possible to label the group elements by a finite number of coordinates in such a way that the coordinates of the product of two elements are analytic functions of the coordinates of the two elements and the coordinates of the inverse of an element are analytic functions of the coordinates of that element. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [noun] > set > in abstract algebra > groups syntheme1844 group1854 substitution group1861 quaternion group1881 subgroup1881 Abelian group1892 permutation group1893 quotient group1893 factor group1895 order1897 symmetric group1897 point group1903 Sylow subgroup1905 module1927 Lie group1939 symmetry group1956 Weyl group1961 stabilizer1965 1939 H. Weyl Classical Groups vii. 188 The process of averaging over a compact Lie group presupposes our ability to compare volume elements at different points of the group manifold. 1967 G. Steiner Lang. & Silence 33 One cannot ‘translate’ the conventions and notations governing the operations of Lie groups..into any words or grammar outside mathematics. 1969 Sci. News 31 May 538 The mathematical name of these patterns is Lie groups or unitary symmetry groups. They have been used to predict the existence of new [subatomic] particles. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1976; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † lieadj.¹ Etymology: Old English lyge , cognate with lyge lie n.¹ Obsolete. Lying, false. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > [adjective] leasea900 liec975 false?c1225 unsoothfasta1300 untruefulc1380 trothlessa1393 fickle-tongue1393 truthlessa1522 lying1535 fabling1548 forging1593 mendacious1616 soothless1803 storytelling1839 unveracious1845 fabricatory1855 untruthful1858 falsidical1866 leasing1873 inveracious1885 c975 Rushw. Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 60 Monige lyge gewitu. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 319/688 Hinderful and of bost I-nouȝ, hardi and ofte lie. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2021). liev.¹ Brit. /lʌɪ/, U.S. /laɪ/ Forms: 1. Infinitive. α. Old English licga (Northumberland), Old English licgan, Old English licgean, Middle English ligen, Middle English liggan, Middle English liggen, Middle English ligyn, Middle English luggen /y/, Middle English lyegge, Middle English lyg, Middle English lyge, Middle English lygge, Middle English lyggyn, Middle English–1500s (1600s–1800s dialect) lig, Middle English–1500s (1600s–1800s dialect) ligg. OE Beowulf 3082 Lete hyne licgean, þær he longe wæs.c1160 Hatton Gosp. John v. 6 Þa se hælend ge-seah þisne liggan.c1175 Lamb. Hom. 79 Ho..letten hine liggen half quic.a1275 Prov. Ælfred 467 in Old Eng. Misc. 131 He sal ligen long anicht.a1275 Death 118 in Old Eng. Misc. 174 Nu þu schalt wrecche liggen ful stille.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11395 Þer he scal liggen.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3169 He bad him ligge and slepe wel.a1340 R. Rolle Psalter v. 4 I sall noght lige in fleschy lustis.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5309 I will me lig to dei.c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxv. 118 Whare þe emperour schall ligge on þe morue.1425 Ordinances Whittington's Alms-house (modernized text) in J. Entick New Hist. London (1766) IV. 354 A..little house..in which he shall lyegge and rest. c1440 [see β. forms]. 1483 Cath. Angl. 216/1 To Lyg in wayte.1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Sept. 254 There mayst thou ligge in a vetchy bed.1651 T. Randolph et al. Hey for Honesty iii. i. 21/1 Liggen in strommel.a1652 R. Brome Eng. Moor i. iii. 13 in Five New Playes (1659) Make thy bed fine and soft I'le lig with thee.1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 30 To Lig: to lye, Var. Dial. β. Middle English lai, Middle English leȝe, Middle English ley-n, Middle English li, Middle English lien, Middle English ligen, Middle English lii, Middle English lij, Middle English lin, Middle English liyn, Middle English lyen, Middle English lyȝe, Middle English lyin, Middle English lyn, Middle English lyne, Middle English lyyn, Middle English–1700s ly, Middle English–1800s lye, Middle English– lie. See also lig v.1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1137 He ne myhte..ne sitten ne lien ne slepen.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 6020 & nile he nohht tær inne lin. ▸ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xi. 6 The parde with the kide shal leyn.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3778 He..þar-on laid his hefd to li [Fairf. 14 ly].c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 68 I lete it lie still.1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 13554 Lat hym lyn a whyle stylle.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 304/2 Lyyn or lyggyn (K. lyin or ligyn), jaceo.1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxlii. 277 They..charged hym to lye still.c1480 (a1400) St. James Less 482 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 164 & þare wele foure dais can þai ley but met & drink.1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. ix. 446 He might lie many years in a prison. 2. Present indicative. a. 1st singular. α. Old English licge, Middle English lige, Middle English ligge, Middle English–1500s 1600s– (1800s dialect) lig. β. Middle English liy, Middle English–1800s lye, Middle English– lie, 1500s ly. a1240 Lofsong in Cott. Hom. 211 Ase ich ligge lowe.c1275 Laȝamon Brut 14137 Ihc ligge faste bi-clused in on castle.1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 417 I..ligge abedde in lenten.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 3612 Here..i liy [Vesp. lig, Fairf. lye] in bedd of care.1432 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 22 j matres y^t I lige on.1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 610/1 I lye a bedde.c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme lvii. 2 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 59 On thee I ly.1688 Levinz in J. Keble Life T. Wilson: Pt. I (1863) iii. 99 When I lye under the confinement of my melancholy retreat.1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth II. 148 Thinking that I lig so nigh, The Lass I Love.1802 S. T. Coleridge Ode to Rain 5 O Rain! that I lie listening to.1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 2 At neet I lig me down. b. 2nd singular. α. Old English ligest, Old English ligst, Old English líst, Middle English lise (northern), Middle English list, Middle English lyes (northern), Middle English lyis (northern), Middle English lyst, Middle English–1800s lyest, Middle English– liest /ˈlaɪɪst/, 1500s–1600s ly'st. β. Middle English lyggest, Middle English lyggyst. OE Genesis 734 Þær þu gebunden ligst.c1000 Ælfric Joshua vii. 10 Aris nu..hwi list ðu neowel on eorþan.c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 103 Wi list þu turnd on þe eorðe?a1275 Death 84 in Old Eng. Misc. 172 Nu þu list [v.r. lyst] on bere.c1386 G. Chaucer Manciple's Tale 172 Now listow deed [v.rr. lyst thow, liest thou, lyes thou].c1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 159 Heyl, Lord over lordys, that lyggyst ful lowe.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xxi. ii Here now thow lyggest.a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) v. ii. 156 Whil'st thou ly'st warme at home.1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1663 Thou..now ly'st victorious Among thy slain.1877 C. Patmore Unknown Eros xviii. 78 Where..On pallet poor Thou lyest, stricken sick. c. 3rd singular. α. Old English ligeþ, Old English ligþ, Old English líþ, Middle English leiþ, Middle English liȝth, Middle English liht, Middle English ligið, Middle English lijth, Middle English liþ, Middle English lithe, Middle English lyȝt, Middle English lyhth, Middle English lyþe, Middle English–1500s lieth (now archaic), Middle English–1500s lyith, Middle English–1500s lyth, Middle English–1500s lythe, Middle English–1600s lyeth; also (with ending originally northern) Old English liges, Middle English lijs, Middle English lis, Middle English lise, Middle English lyse, Middle English–1500s liis, Middle English–1500s lyese, Middle English–1500s lyis, Middle English–1700s lyes, Middle English– lies /laɪz/, 1500s lisz (Scottish), 1500s lyisz (Scottish), 1500s lysz (Scottish). a900 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 893 (Parker) Seo ea..lið ut of þæm wealda.c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. viii. 6 Cnaeht min liges in hus eorð-cryppel.a1100 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 675 (Laud) Medeshamstede..& eal  þær to liggeð.a1100 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 792 His lic ligð æt Tinan muþe.c1220 Bestiary 24 Ðanne he lieð to slepen.a1300 Cursor Mundi 2117 Þis land lies mast vnto þe south.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 889 In ðe weie ðe ligið to salem.1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. i. 115 Lucifer louwest liȝth of hem alle.c1369 G. Chaucer Bk. Duchesse 181 A-wake..who lyeth there [v.rr. lythe, liþe]. ▸ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. viii. 6 My child lyeth [?c1425 BL Add. 11858 liggeth; a1425 L.V. lijth]..sike.c1425 Hampole's Psalter Metr. Pref. 26 This same sauter..is þe self..That lyȝt at hampole.1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay 84 To say..that thair lisz mair pardone to ony oder prayer.c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 5369 Teutra..here in tombe lis.c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) iv. 76 Sum can nocht keip hir gap Fra lansing, as scho lyiss.1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 247 I haue na knawledge quhair the Court lyis.1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 28 As much as in mee lyeth.1611 Bible (King James) Neh. ii. 3 When the city..lyeth waste.1645 J. Milton On University Carrier ii, in Poems 29 Here lieth one who [etc.].1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements i. 22 That side which lyeth betwixt the equall angles.1675 Earl of Essex Lett. (1770) 88 That part of the town which..lyes to the water.1711 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1889) III. 133 His skill indeed chiefly lyes in Coyns. β. Middle English liggith, Middle English–1500s liggeth, Middle English–1500s liggeþ; also Middle English liges, Middle English liggus, Middle English ligis, Middle English ligus, Middle English lygez, Middle English lygges, Middle English lygys, 1500s 1600s–1800s dialect liggs, 1500s 1600s–1800s dialect ligs. a1300 Cursor Mundi 2033 Þi fader slepand..Liggus [Gött. lis, Fairf. lyse, Trin. liþ] here-oute.a1400–50 Alexander 5173 A cabayne quare þe kyng liggis.c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1792 A dogge..þat in a dych lygges.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. ii. 18 Gif hym that that ligys thore?1597 R. Tofte Laura ii. iii. sig. C1^v Ah happie thrice that liggs in loue with thee.1605 W. Camden Remaines ii. 59 Iohn Bell broken-brow Ligs vnder this stean.1773 R. Fergusson Poems 120 When Phœbus ligs in Thetis lap.1849 G. P. R. James Woodman III. vii. 139 I can find out for him, where liggs the pretty lass.1865 S. Evans Brother Fabian's MSS 52 Bold Robin he liggeth here. d. Plural. α. Old English licgaþ, Old English licgeaþ, Middle English ligge, Middle English liggeð, Middle English liggiþ, Middle English liggyn, Middle English lygge, Middle English (1500s archaic) liggen; also northern Middle English ligges, Middle English liggez, Middle English liggis. OE Andreas (1932) 1426 Nu sint sionwe toslopen, is min swat adropen, licgað æfter lande loccas todrifene, fex on foldan.c1175 Lamb. Hom. 49 We liggeð in heueð sunnen.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 6355 Þere hii liggeþ.a1300 Cursor Mundi 25965 Al ur sin þat we..ligges in [Fairf. lien].1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. ii. 105 Thei liggen to-gedere. ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 403 They..Stondeþ, sitteþ, liggeþ, and slepeþ. ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 193 Þey ligge [Caxton lygge] vpriȝt.a1400–50 Alexander 772* Þar liggez lymmes of laddes.a1400–50 Alexander 4845 Þai seȝe doun sodanly slane of þaire blonkis..& in þe strete liggis.1486 Bk. St. Albans E vij b The Forchers that liggyn euen between The ij theys of the beest.1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. May 217 Many wyld beastes liggen in waite. β. Middle English lien, Middle English lin, Middle English lyȝn, Middle English lyun, Middle English–1500s lyen, Middle English–1800s ly, Middle English–1800s lye, Middle English– lie; also northern Middle English lijs, Middle English–1500s lyes (Scottish), Middle English–1500s lyis (Scottish). a1100 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 963 (Laud) Ealle þa þorpes þe ðærto lin.1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 1137 Þe landes þe lien to þe circe wican.c1230 Hali Meid. 3 Al þat bitter bale þat ter lieð under.c1374 G. Chaucer Compl. Mars 5 Ye lovers that lye [v.r. ben] in eny drede.a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2266 In caue þei lyen, & slepen samen y-fere.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5340 Þar lijs [Fairf. lyes] our heldres.c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xxiv. 255 Thei lyȝn in Tentes.1448 in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 8 All the bemes that lyen by hemself.c1480 (a1400) St. Luke 80 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 248 Ger þame ryse þat lyis law.a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. iii. sig. a.vii Whiche Ladyes were buryed..and now there lyen in shryne.c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 7966 Þe grekes, þat on oure ground lyun.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 54 Sum monstruous gret amang thame lyis to the coste of Carrik.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 148 In tyme of neid lyes the Pechtis abak w^t thair supporte.c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas i. in Wks. (1898) I. 101 Troy..Whose ruines poore, which low in ashes lye.1711 J. Greenwood Ess. Pract. Eng. Gram. 197 Place and Things that ly upward.1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. II. 428 Here lie the remains of Giacomo Sanseverini.a1785 A. Parsons Trav. (1808) i. 12 Pebbles, which have been dug up..and now lye in heaps. 3. Present subjunctive Old English licge, Middle English ligg, Middle English ligge, Middle English lyg, Middle English– lie, 1500s lig, 1500s–1600s ly, 1500s–1600s lye. c1000 Laws of Wihtræd (Schmid) c. 25 Licge butan wyr~gelde.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 312 Nanmon ne leten in..ne ne ligge ute.1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 3507 If any fal in dedly syn Ryse he up, and ligg noght lang þar-in.c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 411 If þow þus ligge a day or two or þre.c1375 Lay Folks Mass Bk. (MS B.) 593 Wheþer we ryde, or be goande, lyg, or sitt. ▸ c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 272 That he lie with the lord in oon bed.a1586 W. Dunbar in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 114 That he be lost or with me lig [c1507 lak].1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 31 How lang saevir the frost ly.1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. vii. 61 If my forme lie there. 4. Imperative (a) singular Old English lig, Old English lige, Middle English li, Middle English liȝ, Middle English liȝe, Middle English ly, Middle English–1800s lig (northern), Middle English–1800s ligg (northern), Middle English– lie /laɪ/, 1500s–1700s lye; (b) plural Middle English liggeth, Middle English– lie. c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 118 Lige on þa sidan þe [etc.].?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 214 Ne li þu naut stille.a1275 Death 137 in Old Eng. Misc. 176 Li [v.r. ly] awariede bali þat neauer þu ne arise.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14334 Liȝe þer.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9030 Passent liȝ [c1300 Otho ly] nu þer.c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 904 (953) Li stil and lat me slepe.c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 899 (948) Liggeth stille and taketh hym right here.a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. ii. 21 Lig down ther and take thi rest.c1650 Christopher White iv, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1886) II. iv. 439 Come, sweet wench, and ligg thy loue on mee.1680 T. Otway Orphan i. 9 Lye still, my Heart. 5. Past indicative. a. Strong. (i). 1st and 3rd singular Old English læg, Old English læig, Middle English læi, Middle English læie, Middle English læiȝe, Middle English laȝȝ ( Ormulum), Middle English lai, Middle English leai, Middle English leȝ, Middle English leȝe, Middle English leghe, Middle English lei, Middle English leie, Middle English leiȝe, Middle English leye, Middle English leyȝe, Middle English lye, Middle English–1500s la (Scottish), Middle English–1500s laie, Middle English–1500s laye, Middle English–1600s ley, Middle English– lay /leɪ/. OE Beowulf 1532 Hit on eorðan læg.11.. Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Cotton MS.) ann. 1052 Þætte on Sandwic læig.c1160 Hatton Gosp. Mark ii. 4 Þæt bed þe se lame on laiȝ.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3692 He laȝȝ..i cribbe.c1220 Bestiary 42 In a ston stille he lai til it kam ðe dridde dai.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4870 Vaspasien mid his monnen. læiȝe [c1300 Otho lay] at Exchæstre. ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 107 His body lay in þe streete..unburied.c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2006 Þe leude lystened ful wel, þat leȝ in his bedde.c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 214 Her fax..On schylderez þat leghe.c1420 Chron. Vilod. (Horstm.) 4459 He lye euery-presonede stylle in þat castelle.1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lvij^v His Purse..laye vpon his bed.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 86 To ly hidd as he la.1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones VI. xviii. vi. 212 I lay seven Years in Winchester Goal.1847 L. Hunt Jar of Honey (1848) x. 131 Sicily lay at our feet. (ii). 2nd singular Old English lǽge, Middle English læiȝe, Middle English lai, Middle English lay, 1600s laist, 1800s lay'st. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2508 Þa wombe þe þu læie [c1300 Otho leye] inne swa longe.a1300 Cursor Mundi 23500 Quat þou did and in credel lai [other texts lay].1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd i. 247 The Manger where thou lais't. (iii). Plural Old English lágon, Old English légon (Northumberland), Old English lǽgon, Middle English laien, Middle English leien, Middle English leiȝen. Also Middle English– uninflected.c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. ix. 36 Legon suæ scip næfdon hiorde.a1275 Passion Lord 195 in Old Eng. Misc. 42 Þe Gywes vp asturte þat leyen in þe grunde.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3830 Boþe stede & king leye sone atte grounde.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10571 Þar efterson þai samen lai.c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 8243 The ladies o lofte leghen to waite.1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxxiij^v His seignorie and power laie in those partes. b. Weak 1500s liggit (Scottish), 1500s–1600s (dialect) (1700s–1800s archaic) ligged, 1800s lied, 1800s lig'd (dialect). 1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus i. f. 20 Behind the Bus..I liggit law.a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 456 Their Cels and Commoratories where they ligged.1748 J. Thomson Castle of Indolence 595 Here whilom ligg'd th' Esopus of the age.1813 T. Busby in tr. Lucretius Nature of Things I. Dissert. 14 Bright eminences and fertile vallies lied in his way.1813 T. Busby tr. Lucretius Nature of Things vi. Comm. 25 Those who, by death or desertion, were deprived of their friends and domestics, lied unburied in their houses.1879 E. Arnold Light of Asia iii. 50 In which calm home of happy life and love Ligged our Lord Buddha. 6. Past subjunctive Old English lǽge, Old English lǽgen (plural), Middle English læie, Middle English laye, Middle English leie, Middle English leye, Middle English leyȝe, Middle English– lay /leɪ/, 1600s ley. Etc., as in past ind.c893 tr. Orosius Hist. i. i. §14 He sæde þæt he..wolde fandian hu longe þæt land norþryhte læge.a1175 Lamb. Hom. 33 Þah þu leie in ane prisune.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11105 Þat his folc gode aswunden ne læie þere [c1300 Otho leye].c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iv. 1532 (1560) If þis were wist my lif lay [v.r. leye] in balaunce.c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 16 It were good þat he lay [Add. MS. leyȝe] & traueilide wiþ hise hondis.1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 v. ii. 47 O would the quarrel lay vpon our heads.1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth ii. 195 If the ballast ley more at one end, it would dip towards that pole. 7. Present participle Old English liccend (Northumberland), Old English licend (Northumberland), Old English licgende, Middle English leing, Middle English liend, Middle English liende, Middle English lieng, Middle English ligand, Middle English ligande, Middle English liggande, Middle English liggend, Middle English liggeng, Middle English ligging, Middle English liggonde, Middle English liggyng, Middle English liggynge, Middle English liging, Middle English ligonde, Middle English liynge, Middle English lyende, Middle English lyggande, Middle English lyggynde, Middle English lyng, Middle English lyond, Middle English lyynge, Middle English–1500s liand, Middle English–1500s liande, Middle English–1500s lyand, Middle English–1500s lyande, Middle English–1500s lyeng, Middle English–1500s lyenge, Middle English–1500s lygging, Middle English–1500s lygginge, Middle English–1500s lyggyng, Middle English–1500s lyggynge, Middle English–1500s lyinge, Middle English– lying /ˈlaɪɪŋ/, 1500s liyng, 1600s lyeing, 1800s ligging (dialect). c950 Lindisf. Gosp. John v. 6 Ðionne miððy gesæh se hælend licgende [Rushw. licende].c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 183 Þus doð þe libbende frend to-ȝenes þe liggende.c1315 Shoreham 122 Lyggynde ine hare forage.c1325 Song Mercy 57 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 120 In harde prisoun lyng. ▸ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. viii. 14 He say his wyues moder liggynge [a1425 Christ Church Oxf. lyende; a1425 L.V. liggynge].a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6130 For was na hus in al þat land þat þar ne was ded man ligand [Fairf. 14 liggande, Trin. Cambr. ligond].a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 3384 Þe landes lyand towarde þe est.1436 Rolls of Parl. IV. 498/1 As Felons..in awayte lyggyng.c1440 Generydes 3027 In the feld he left hym liggeng.1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xviii. xx The fayrest corps lyenge in a ryche bedde.1496 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 175 The Soueraigne leing in the dokke.a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 227 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 102 Lyand in lichory laith vnloveable.1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay 64 Liand in his bed.c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12666 Þe buernes..Left hym þer lyond.1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. iv. f. 39 The fore front alwaies defending the reste of the worcke lieng behind.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 5 The vthir syd lyeng toward Spane.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 9 The mid parte lyeing betuene that and Cheuott hillis.1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 597 A merchantman lying at the quay took fire.1864 Ld. Tennyson Northern Farmer: Old Style i, in Enoch Arden, etc. 128 Wheer 'asta beän saw long and meä liggin' 'ere aloän? 8. Past participle. a. Strong Old English gelegen, Old English legen, Middle English i-læien, Middle English i-lei, Middle English i-leien, Middle English i-leye, Middle English leie, Middle English leien, Middle English leiȝen, Middle English lein, Middle English leye, Middle English leyen, Middle English leyn, Middle English leyne, Middle English ligen, Middle English liggen, Middle English lin, Middle English line, Middle English loyen, Middle English loyn, Middle English lye, Middle English lygyn, Middle English lyin (Scottish), Middle English y-lay, Middle English y-leie, Middle English yleiȝe, Middle English y-leighe, Middle English y-leine, Middle English y-leye, Middle English y-leyen, Middle English y-lie, Middle English y-ly, Middle English–1500s lyn, Middle English–1600s laine, Middle English–1600s layn, Middle English–1600s layne, Middle English–1600s lyne, Middle English–1700s layen, Middle English–1700s lyen, Middle English–1700s (1800s archaic) lien, 1500s lyene, 1600s lay, 1600s li'n, 1600s– lain /leɪn/. c893 tr. Orosius Hist. v. xiii. §3 Þa heo þæron gelegen wæs.c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 7 Longe we habben lein on ure fule synnes.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 1711 He adde ileye sik.c1320 Sir Beues 2001 (MS A.) In is prisoun.. Ichaue leie þis seuen ȝare.c1325 Lai le Freine 98 Tvay men han y-ly me by.c1330 Arth. & Merl. 4188 (Kölbing) Bi hir he wald haue yleiȝe.1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 3162 Som..Þat..has..lang lygyn in þair syn.1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. v. 259 He haþ leiȝen [C. vii. 330 leye] bi latro, lucifers brother.1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. xi. 276 Þat hadde leyn [B. x. 419 yleine] with lucifer manye longe ȝeris.1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. v. 82 As a leke hadde yleye longe in þe sonne.c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 286 Þei han so longe leyen in so gret cursinge.a1400 K. Alis. (Linc. Inn MS.) 508 A god..þat haþ ylaye by þe quene.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11297 Efter þat sco suld ha lin [Gött. lien, Trin. Cambr. lyn; c1460 Laud lyne] Fourti dais in hir gisin.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10084 Vte o prisun strang þat þai had ligen [Gött. liggen, Trin. Cambr. leyn; c1460 Laud leyne] in sua lang.c1400 Mandeville's Trav. xiii. [ix.] Ȝif here fader had not ben dronken he hadde not yleye with hem.c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine iv. 2090 It were as good thei had loyn in bedde.a1450 Le Morte Arth. 525 How þat he had woundyd bene, And seke he had lye fulle sore.1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 23 Y^e bedde that she hath loyen in.a1500 (?c1450) Merlin v. 86 How a man hadde leyn with hir in semblaunce of the Duke.c1560 R. Morice in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) 25 I wolde yt hadd byn my fortune to have lyn in London.a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. i. sig. O5^v Those flames which had so long layn deade in me.1611 Bible (King James) John xx. 12 Where the body of Iesus had layen.1624 T. Heywood Γυναικεῖον ii. 67 Oft in one shade the hare and hound hath lyne.1650 R. Baxter Saints Everlasting Rest (1651) iii. vi. §24 125 What if you had lien in Hell but one year?1675 Earl of Essex Lett. (1770) 207 An order of Council which had several months lay by me.1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Iliads (1677) 380 I..rolling on the soiled grass have li'n Perpetually, and..wept.1681 Heraclitus Ridens 19 July 1/1 If my life had lain never so much at stake.1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 43 Bricks..had layen in the Place to dry.1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 227 We..found it had lyen much longer conceal'd.1788 Beattie Burns' Wks. II. 141 Lang had she lien wi' buffe and flegs.1871 G. MacDonald Wks. Fancy & Imagination II. 176 At thy holy feet I should have lien.1871 S. Smiles Character iii. 69 I have lain awake all night. b. Weak 1500s ligget (Scottish), 1600s lied, 1800s lig'd (dialect). ▸ ?a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 117 I saw coclinkis..Had bettir lugget in the stockis.1670 I. Barrow Let. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) II. 75 It hath lied by me without looking on for many years.1808 Specimens Yorksh. Dial. (new ed.) 10 Had she lig'd theer lang? Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: A Common Germanic strong verb: Old English licgan = Old Frisian liga, lidsa, lidzia, Old Saxon liggian (Dutch, Low German liggen), Old High German and Middle High German liggen, licken, ligen (modern German liegen), Old Norse liggia (Swedish ligga, Danish ligge), Gothic ligan < Old Germanic ligjan (the Gothic ligan* is abnormal), < Germanic root leg- (:lag-:lǣg-) < West Aryan legh- (:logh-:lēgh-) to lie; compare Greek λέχος bed, ἄλοχος bedfellow, wife, λόχος lying in wait, ambush, Latin lectus bed, Old Church Slavonic ležati to lie. As in Old Germanic sitjan sit v., the present-stem has a j suffix, though the past tense and past participle are strong. In West Germanic and consequently in Old English, the present-stem has two forms, due to the diversity in the phonetic character of the flexional suffixes: (1) The West Germanic lig-, Old English lig-, appears in the 2nd and 3rd person singular present indicative and the singular imperative, and is the source of the modern English lie; (2) the West Germanic ligg-, Old English licg-, appears in the infinitive, the 1st person singular and the plural present indicative, the present subjunctive, and the plural imperative; it is represented in modern northern dialects by lig; the southern lidge* has been found only in the Wexford dialect, though the Middle English ligge in southern texts can only represent the pronunciation /lɪdʒə/. Signification and uses. I. In senses expressive of bodily posture, and developments of these. 1. a. intransitive. Of persons or animals: To be in a prostrate or recumbent position. Formerly also with reflexive pronoun. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [verb (intransitive)] liec1000 harbourc1200 sojournc1290 layc1300 sojourc1330 to make, take (up) one's lodging1362 pilgrimagea1382 bield?a1400 lodgec1400 tarryc1400 to make (one's) residence1433 harbingec1475 harbry1513 stay1554 roost?1555 embower1591 quarter1591 leaguer1596 allodge1601 tenta1616 visit1626 billet1628 to lie abroad1650 tabernacle1653 sojourney1657 canton1697 stop1797 to shake down1858 to hole up1875 perendinate1886 shack1935 cotch1950 the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > lie down or recline [verb (intransitive)] leanc950 resteOE liec1000 to be laidc1175 layc1300 to lie along1530 recline1578 to horizontalize it1843 recumb1906 cwtch1921 c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 246 Se witega læg and slep. c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 328 Þa læg sum wædla æt his geate, and his nama wæs Lazarus. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 81 Þes oðer Mon..luueð his sunnen alse deð þet fette swin þet fule fen to liggen in. a1300 Cursor Mundi 690 Bi þe dere þat now es wild, Als lambe him lai þe leon mild. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 475 Þe children..Leyen and sprauleden in þe blod. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 55 ‘A ha!’ said þe erle, ‘had þat schank ne bien, þou had liggen þer stille, þe risen suld non haf sene.’ 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. Prol. 9 As I lay and leonede and lokede on þe watres. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xxix. 2 He sawȝ a pit in the feeld and thre flockis of sheep liggynge bisidis it. c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) ii. 6 To ligge ny þe fire. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia ii. sig. Rv^v When they haue lien a little space on the grounde, the priest giueth them a signe for to ryse. 1607 T. Dekker Knights Conjuring To Rdr. sig. A4 They that haue once or twice lyen vpon the rack of publicke censure. 1809 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 21 385 The woman having lain during the labour upon her left side. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lxxxvii. 130 To hear him, as he lay and read The Tuscan poets on the lawn. View more context for this quotation b. with predicative complement expressing condition; e.g. to lie asleep, sick, dead, blind, in a fever. †Also with infinitive (e.g. to lie to die). ΚΠ c1000 West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) viii. 6 Min cnapa lið on minum huse lama. 1154 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 1135 (Laud) He lai an slep in scip. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 81 And efre lei þes wreche for-wunden. a1225 Leg. Kath. 2286 Nalde nawt godd leoten his martirs licomes liggen to forleosen. a1340 R. Rolle Cant. in Psalter 496 A man þat liggys in a strayte fifere. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 14172 He liþ to deȝe þat lele & trewe. c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) lxi. 253 The suster of the Emperoure, þat now lithe in childebed. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xvii. xviii. 715 And anon the kynge sawe hym the whiche had leyne blynd of long tyme. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Tiiii And so sayd saint Laurence whan he laye rostyng on the hyren crate. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 610/1 I lye at the poynte of dethe. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxiiij^v For the duke of Saxonie lay sicke at Collen. 1564 E. Grindal Serm. Funeral Prince Ferdinandus A iv b Aeschilus the Poete lieng on slepe bare headed nere the sea. 1669 S. Pepys Let. 2 Nov. in Diary (1879) VI. 112 My wife..hath layn under a fever so severe, as [etc.]. 1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 31 Aug. (1948) I. 348 Ophy Butler's wife there lies very ill of an ague. 1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirlaugh III. 81 For hours she lay awake. 1887 E. Berdoe St. Bernard's 68 The..room where she lay a cripple for so many years. †c. Used simply = to ‘lie sick’, keep one's bed. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > be in ill health [verb (intransitive)] > be restrained by ill health liea1400 to keep one's bed1534 to be or lie on one's back1841 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8942 War his sekenes neuer sa strang, Ne had he lin neuer sua lang. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur ii. xiii. 91 They..told hym how her lady was seke & had layne many yeres. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 408 Quhen bot schort he had lyne the x of July he departed this lyfe. d. Expressing the posture of a dead body: To be extended on a bier or the like; to be buried (in a specified place). to lie in state: see state n. Phrases 2c. †In Old English and early Middle English also, To be dead. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)] > be dead sleepc950 restOE liea1000 to be deadc1000 to lie lowa1275 layc1300 to be gathered to one's fathersa1382 to be gathered to one's fathers1382 to sup with our Saviour, with Our (the) Lord, with (Jesus) Christa1400 repose1586 slumber1594 to sup in heaven or hell1642 to turn one's toes up to the daisies1842 to be out of the way1881 to push up daisiesa1918 to have had it1942 RIP1962 the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)] > be dead > in specific posture liea1000 the world > space > place > position or situation > be positioned or situated [verb (intransitive)] > permanently liea1000 layc1175 OE Beowulf 2745 Nu se wyrm ligeð. a1000 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 901 (Parker) Æðelwald..sæde þæt he wolde oðer oððe þær libban oððe þær licgan. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 35 Ga to þine feder burinesse oðer þer eni of þine cunne lið in. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2927 We eow wulleð bi-foren. libben oðer liggen [c1300 Otho ligge]. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3892 Ðor he [Aaron] lið doluen on ðat wold. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5340 Þar lijs our heldres, þar sal i li. c1470 J. Hardyng Chron. clxxix. ii Thyrty thousande with theim liggand ly. 1501 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 83 The holy place where the blyssyd and holy Apostyll Seynt Jamys lyth. 1695 R. Sibbald Autobiogr. (1834) 126 He was buried at Edinburgh in the Gray Frier churchyard, where our other relations lye. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 164. ¶12 Here lie the Bodies of Father Francis and Sister Constance. 1798 W. Wordsworth We are Seven in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 111 Two of us in the church-yard lie, My sister and my brother. e. To be in one's bed for the purpose of sleeping or resting. Also (now rarely) with qualifying word or phrase, e.g. to lie soft(ly. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > go to bed or retire to rest [verb (intransitive)] > be in bed or lie liec1290 layc1300 couchc1380 c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 102/37 Þare heo leien In heore beden. 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. vii. 14 The Neodi and the Nakede nym ȝeeme hou thei liggen. c1386 G. Chaucer Sir Thopas 200 He nolde slepen in noon hous But liggen in his hoode. c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) lxiii. 274 Certenly he desirith wele to ete, swetly to drinke, softely to ligge. c1480 (a1400) St. Mary Magdalen 312 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 265 Þu in chuchis & silkine clathis lyis ful softe. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. May 125 Tho gan shepheards swaines to looke aloft, And leave to live hard, and learne to ligge soft. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. ii. 6 Hence it is, that lying cold breedeth Dreams of Feare. 1710 S. Centlivre Man's Bewitch'd v. ii. 68 Leave the London Dames..To lig in their Beds till Noon. 1742 Ld. Chesterfield Lett. (1932) (modernized text) II. 503 The people are extremely rude and barbarous, living chiefly upon raw flesh, and lying generally upon the ground, or at the best in tents. 1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. ix You must lie on the bed which you have made for yourself. f. Hence to lie with (or †by): to have sexual intercourse with. Somewhat archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > engage in sexual activity with [verb (transitive)] > have sexual intercourse with mingeOE haveOE knowc1175 ofliec1275 to lie with (or by)a1300 knowledgec1300 meetc1330 beliea1350 yknowc1350 touchc1384 deala1387 dightc1386 usea1387 takec1390 commona1400 to meet witha1400 servea1400 occupy?a1475 engender1483 jangle1488 to be busy with1525 to come in1530 visitc1540 niggle1567 mow1568 to mix one's thigh with1593 do1594 grind1598 pepper1600 yark1600 tumble1603 to taste of1607 compressc1611 jumble1611 mix?1614 consort?1615 tastea1616 bumfiddle1630 ingressa1631 sheet1637 carnal1643 night-work1654 bump1669 bumble1680 frig?c1680 fuck1707 stick1707 screw1719 soil1722 to do over1730 shag1770 hump1785 subagitatec1830 diddle1879 to give (someone) onec1882 charver1889 fuckeec1890 plugc1890 dick1892 to make a baby1911 to know (a person) in the biblical sense1912 jazz1920 rock1922 yentz1924 roll1926 to make love1927 shtupa1934 to give (or get) a tumble1934 shack1935 bang1937 to have it off1937 rump1937 tom1949 to hop into bed (with)1951 ball1955 to make it1957 plank1958 score1960 naughty1961 pull1965 pleasurea1967 to have away1968 to have off1968 dork1970 shaft1970 bonk1975 knob1984 boink1985 fand- a1300 Cursor Mundi 27943 Incest, þat es for to lij Bi þat þi sibman has line bi. c1330 Arth. & Merl. 852 (Kölbing) Þis maiden..feled al so bi her þi, Þat sche was yleyen bi. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xxvii. 276 He wille not lyȝe with his Wyfes but 4 sithes in the Ȝeer. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur v. xii That none of his lyege men shold defoule ne lygge by no lady. 1504 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) p. lxiv That they shuld not ligg togedder till she came to the age of xvi yeres. 1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen Richt Vay 16 Thay that lysz wit thair kine and bluid. 1611 Bible (King James) Jer. iii. 2 Lift vp thine eyes vnto the high places, and see where thou hast not bene lien with . View more context for this quotation a1652 R. Brome Madd Couple Well Matcht i. i, in Wks. (1873) I. 16 You have unlawfully lyen with some woman. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 51. ⁋7 Tho' he betrays the Honour and Bed of his Neighbour and Friend, and lies with half the Women in the Play. 1750 G. Jeffreys in J. Duncombe Lett. Several Eminent Persons Deceased (1773) II. 250 He was only beforehand with his double~dealing brother in lying with a prostitute. 2. To assume a recumbent or prostrate position. Chiefly in to lie down, to lie back at Phrasal verbs, etc., for which see branch Phrasal verbs †Also with reflexive pronoun. †Also, to lean or hang over (a wall). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action of leaning on or against something > lean on or against [verb (transitive)] > over liec1330 prop1908 the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > lie down or recline [verb (intransitive)] > lie down or assume reclining position layc1175 to lie downc1275 liec1330 stretch1828 c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 70 Þat maidens miȝt him se And ouer þe walles to lye. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20487 To hir bedd son scho ȝod & lay, Abutte þe time al of midday. c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) xix. 67 And þerfore let vs make him, þat settith such a dyet in vs, to rise with vs, and lig with vs. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v We shalle go and lye vs for to slepe. a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 1166 Ladyes lay ouer and be-held. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 610/1 I lye me to slepe, je me mets a dormir. a1828 Leesome Brand xxxiii, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1882) I. i. 183 His mother lay ower her castle wa, And she beheld baith dale and down. 1832 Ld. Tennyson Miller's Daughter xiv, in Poems (new ed.) 40 Down from the wold I came and lay Upon the dewyswarded slope. 3. a. To be or remain in a specified position of subjection, helplessness, misery, degradation, or captivity; to be kept in prison; to continue in sin, etc. †Also simply = ‘to lie in prison’; sometimes idiomatically to lie by it. to lie by the heels (archaic): see heel n.¹ and int. Phrases 2b. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > be under authority [verb (intransitive)] > be in specific condition of subjection liec893 society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > be imprisoned [verb (intransitive)] wake1338 to lie by ita1644 to be in lumber1819 fall1874 to partake of (or enjoy) His (or Her) Majesty's hospitality1894 to go down1906 c893 tr. Orosius Hist. v. i On carcernum lægon. c1200 Vices & Virtues (1888) 37 Ȝif he..lið on sume heaued-senne. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1374 He haueth me do..ofte in sorwe and pine ligge. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 4307 Alle oþer of þe lordes of þat lond þat þere leie in hold. c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 39 A long custom to ligge in synne. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur iv. vii We ben here xx knyghtes prysoners..& some of vs haue layne here seuen yere. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 239 b/1 And yet he entended to be his pledge and to lye for him, his charite was so grete. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 610/1 I lye bounde in chaynes. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 133 Sa lang in Sin as thow dois ly. 1586 Earl of Leicester Corr. (1844) 277 The auditour also..is worthy to lye by the heeles. 1618 E. Elton Complaint Sanctified Sinner v. 90 Any particular sin wherein thou hast liued and lyen. 1632 P. Massinger Emperour of East iii. i. sig. F^v To free all such as lye for debt. a1644 F. Quarles Judgem. & Mercy (1646) 13 I must be paid, or hee lie by it untill I have my utmost farthing, or his bones. a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) ii. 138 Lincoln was like to lye by it, and to be shut out of mercy by an irreversible decree. 1692 R. L'Estrange Life Æsop in Fables (1708) 7 From Lying at the Mercy of Fire, Water, and a Wicked Woman, Good Lord deliver us. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 482 The defendant..was lying in prison as a debtor. 1882 R. L. Stevenson Familiar Stud. Men & Bks. 265 His brother still lay by the heels for an unpatriotic treaty with England. b. to lie under: to be subject to (some disadvantage or obligation). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > be subject to action or influence feel1559 to lie under1600 stand1607 to stand under ——a1616 1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iv. i. 171 If this sweete ladie lie not guiltlesse here, Vnder some biting errour. View more context for this quotation 1682 Ct. Königsmark in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 336 The misfortune which I lay under. 1701 W. Wotton Hist. Rome vi. 105 He lay under a sort of a Vow. 1710 J. Addison Whig Examiner No. 4. ⁋9 Any one who reads this letter will lye under the same delusion. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. x. 236 Manila..lies under some disadvantage, from the difficulty there is in getting to sea to the eastward. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vii. 202 In spite of all the restraints under which the press lay. 1866 Duke of Argyll Reign of Law vii. 362 The bondage under which all true Science lies to fact. 4. a. To remain in a state of inactivity or concealment (not necessarily prone or reclining). Chiefly with adjective complement or past participle. (For to lie close, low, perdu, etc., see those adjectives.)Cf. sense 8, where the subject is a thing. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > be or remain in specific state or condition [verb (intransitive)] siteOE won971 beOE standOE liec1374 rest1429 steadc1500 erdec1540 run1635 welter1847 stop1976 the world > action or operation > inaction > be inactive [verb (intransitive)] > remain inactive stillc1330 liec1374 stayc1540 to keep one's bill under wing1548 connive1667 to lie by1709 repose1817 the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > be or remain in specific state or condition [verb (intransitive)] > of a person or body liec1374 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, lie or hidden [verb (intransitive)] mitheeOE wryOE darea1225 skulka1300 hidec1330 hulkc1330 dilla1400 droopc1420 shroudc1450 darkenc1475 conceal1591 lie1604 dern1608 burrow1614 obscurea1626 to lie (also stand, stay, etc.) perdu1701 lie close1719 c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) ii. Metr. vii. 47 Liggeth thanne stille al owtrely vnknowable. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 116 By the reson wherof our owne marynerys oft tymys lye idul. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies i. xvii. 57 That these nations of the Indies, which have lyen so long hidden, should bee knowne and discovered. 1679 J. Dryden Troilus & Cressida iii. i. 27 We'll none of him: but let him like an Engine Not portable, lye lagg of all the Camp. 1745 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1851) V. 12 We have in this part of the country lain still, both the last Summer and this. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms at Tout le monde bas The order to the ship's crew to lie snug upon deck or below. 1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist III. xlvi. 214 He..resolved to lie concealed within a short distance of the metropolis. 1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist III. xlviii. 249 Do you mean to sell me, or to let me lie here till this hunt is over? 1885 U. S. Grant Pers. Mem. I. xx. 269 They were growing impatient at lying idle so long, almost in hearing of the guns of the enemy. b. to lie in ambush, in wait, †in await (see the nouns). †to lie for = to lie in wait for. to lie at catch or upon the catch (? archaic or dialect): to set oneself to entrap a person, to be captious. (For to lie at lurch, at ward, on one's guard, see the nouns.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > lie in wait for keepc1000 waitc1200 aspya1250 awaita1250 wait onc1390 to wait on ——1390 forestall1413 belay1470 to lay fora1513 waylay1513 forelay1548 ambush1555 counterwait1562 to lie for1611 set1670 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > set a trap [verb (intransitive)] lurea1591 to lie at catch or upon the catch1611 to draw the badger1817 springe1895 to give the snap away1900 the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > misleading argument, sophistry > excessive subtlety, hair-splitting > frivolous, captious objection > raise captiously [verb (intransitive)] brabblec1500 cavil1548 shuffle1602 to lie at catch or upon the catch1611 to shuffle up and down1633 chicane1705 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Aguetté, dogged; watched, waited; lien for. 1620 T. Ryves Vicar's Plea 141 That hee seeme not to lie at catch for an aduantage against his inferiour fellow minister. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 5 Lie at catch, and wait advantages one against another. 1671 T. Shadwell Humorists iii. 38 Dryb... That's stole out of a Play. Craz. What then, that's lawful; 'tis a shifting age for wit, and every body lies upon the Catch. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 307 The Dutch had a rich fleet coming from Smyrna..Holmes was ordered to lye for them..with eight men of war. 1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. I. ii. x. 588 Since he lay upon the watch and catch, only to see what the plaintiff proved. 1879 C. H. Spurgeon Serm. XXV. 329 He only asks the question because it ought to be asked, and does not lie upon the catch. c. Shooting. Of game-birds: To remain crouching upon the ground. (Also to lie dead.) to lie to the dogs, to the gun: to permit the approach of a dog or the sportsman without ‘rising’. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > thing hunted or game > action of game > [verb (intransitive)] to stand, be (abide obs.) at bayc1314 to steal awayc1369 stalla1425 starta1425 rusec1425 beatc1470 lodgec1470 trason1486 rouse1532 angle1575 bolt1575 to take squat1583 baya1657 watch1677 fall1697 tree1699 to go away1755 to sink the wind1776 to get up1787 to go to ground1797 lie1797 to stand up1891 fly1897 1797 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 441/1 After the birds have been sprung many times, they lie so dead that they will suffer him [the sportsman] almost to tread upon them before they will rise. 1797 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 441/2 Partridges lie much better to dogs that wind them, than to those that follow them by the track. 1797 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 443/1 When..the sportsman perceives the birds running with their heads erect, he must run after them..for he may be pretty certain they will not lie well that day. 1848 Zoologist 6 1964 The Spanish snipe would much less frequently ‘lie’ to the gun. 1886 Ld. Walsingham & R. Payne-Gallwey Shooting (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) II. 6 In Scotland grouse are usually walked up with dogs. The birds in that country lie well... If grouse lie well to dogs..they give easy marks to the gunner. d. to lie on or upon one's arms, oars, sculls, to lie upon wing: see the nouns. 5. a. To dwell or sojourn; esp. to sleep or pass the night (in a place), to lodge temporarily. Now rare or archaic. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [verb (intransitive)] > overnight liec1330 nighta1400 pausec1450 pernoctate1623 to stay over1884 overnight1891 sleep1975 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 312 At Sant Katerine hous þe erle Marschalle lay. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 166 Þe king edwardes newe at glouseter þat ligges. 1415 in 43rd Ann. Rep. Deputy Keeper Public Rec. (1882) App. i. 584 in Parl. Papers (C. 3425) XXXVI. 1 And yat neghte I lay at Kengston. a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) 167 Prage, wher the king of Boeme doth ly much whan he is in the countre. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iv. 141 [He] kept a better house, than any Ambassadour did, that euer lay at Constantinople. 1695 W. Congreve Love for Love i. i. 11 I think your Father lies at Foresight's. 1721 London Gaz. No. 5980/3 The Exeter Carrier has lain at the Saracen's Head Inn..for many Years past. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. vi. 53 He refused, as he was to lie that night at a neighbour's. 1776 H. Walpole Let. to W. Mason 16 Apr. She lay at home..or according to the chaste modern phrase, slept there. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. viii. 295 He lay that night at the deanery. b. spec. of a host or army (or its leader): To be encamped, to have or take up a position in a field. †to lie in leaguer: see leaguer n.¹ 1b. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (intransitive)] > take up position liec1275 stalla1425 sleeve1598 to draw up1642 to take post1659 concentrate1813 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 327 He..leai þer-abuten & abat his bale-siðes. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur ii. vi For the kyng Ryons lyeth at a syege atte castel Tarabil. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xv. 239 The saisnes..laye that nyght stille armed. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxi. 213 Y^e admyrall that lay at sege before y^e castell. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cclix The kyng laie before Bullein, and was like to haue conquered thesame. 1644 J. Vicars Jehovah-jireh 146 Their Forces which had lyen long before Sherborne. a1671 T. Fairfax Short Mem. (1699) 28 At Wakefield, six miles off, lay three thousand of the enemy. 1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 71 The Army lay under their Arms all Night. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 294 Near the capital lay also the corps which is now designated as the first regiment of dragoons. †c. To live under specified circumstances or engaged in some specified occupation. (With at, about.) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > [verb (intransitive)] workOE occupy1417 practise?1435 exercise1511 lie1546 artize1598 graft1859 society > occupation and work > working > [verb (transitive)] suec1300 usec1300 followa1400 occupy?c1400 playc1410 practise1421 pursuec1485 lie1546 do1703 society > occupation and work > working > [verb (transitive)] > be occupied with work onOE servec1330 lie1546 exercisea1616 travel1682 the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > be subjected to or undergo an action > specifically of a person havea1225 to go under ——a1400 lie1546 hold1592 undergo1600 stand1607 the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > occupy or engage (a person) [verb (transitive)] > engage in or busy oneself about fanda1375 entermetea1393 deala1400 makea1400 apply?c1400 to have in occupation?1523 lie1546 entreat1590 to consist in1606 tirea1616 stickle1647 to be in the business of1873 1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergil Abridgem. Notable Worke viii. iii. 146 b It cost hym his life in Areciæ, where he laye at Surgery for the healyng of his legge. 1589 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 191 An Englishman called Thomas Williams..lieth about trade of merchandize in the streete called The Soca of the Iewes. 1624 P. Massinger Bond-man ii. i. sig. D^v To lye at racke, and manger. 1694 P. A. Motteux Wks. F. Rabelais (1737) v. vii. 27 There he lay at Rack and Manger. 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 153 The Men lying..at Victuals and Wages upon the Owners Account. †d. To be quartered on. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > quartering > quarter (troops) [verb (transitive)] > on someone > be quartered on lie1669 1669 Ormonde MSS in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 101 Five of the horsemen are lying on the tenants of your petitioner. 6. In various idiomatic uses (with prepositions, etc.), expressive of steady and continuous action. (Cf. Latin incumbere operi.) †a. to lie at, upon: to importune, urge. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > urge or importune depressc1400 nurnc1400 pressc1440 labourc1450 instancea1513 instanta1513 importune1530 to lie at, upon1535 apply1559 urge1568 importunate1574 ply1581 to put on ——?a1600 flagitate1623 besiege1712 earwig1804 bone1856 tout1920 S.O.S.a1936 opportune1941 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Macc. xi. 40 He..laye sore vpon him, to delyuer him this yonge Antiochus. 1568 MS Depos. Canterbury Cathedral Libr. xvi. 24 Sept. Shee hath layne at me a good while to have your good will in maryage with her. 1573 G. Gascoigne tr. Ariosto Supposes i. i, in Hundreth Sundrie Flowres 4 The olde dotarde, he that so instantly dothe lye vpon my father for me [i.e. as a suitor for her hand]. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. i. 32 Dame Tullia lay ever upon him, & pricked forward his distempered & troubled mind. 1619 W. Whately Gods Husb. (1622) ii. 114 To lie at him with vncessant and vehement sollicitations to commit such and such foule deeds. 1673 J. Janeway Heaven upon Earth (1847) 155 Shall they lie at you day and night, to give your consent,..and are you still unwilling? a1688 W. Clagett Seventeen Serm. (1699) 358 The judge in the parable granted the widow's suit merely because she lay upon him, and was troublesome to him. 1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Jewish War iii. viii, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 830 Nicanor lay hard at Josephus to comply. †b. to lie heavy upon: to oppress, harass. (Cf. 7c) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict > oppress or afflict heavyc897 narroweOE overlayOE overseamOE twingea1300 to weigh downa1340 grieve1340 besit1377 oppressc1384 foila1400 thringa1400 empressc1400 enpressc1400 aska1425 press?a1425 peisea1450 straita1464 constraina1500 overhale1531 to grate on or upon1532 wrack1562 surcharge1592 to lie heavy uponc1595 to weigh back, on one side, to the earth1595 to sit on ——1607 to sit upon ——1607 gall1614 bear1645 weight1647 obsess1648 aggrieve1670 swinge1681 lean1736 gravitate1754 weigh1794 c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cxlvi. 25 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 248 He Orphans doth support: But heauy lies vpon the godlesse sort. 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Esdras v. 72 The heathen of the land lying heauy vpon the inhabitants of Iudea. View more context for this quotation 1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Iliads xii. 181 This said the Lycians heavier than before (To please their Prince) upon the Argives lay. c. to lie †at, to: to apply oneself vigorously and steadily to. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > act or do vigorously [verb (intransitive)] > take vigorous action > and steadily liea1325 to lie at, to1583 1583 T. Stocker tr. Tragicall Hist. Ciuile Warres Lowe Countries iii. 87 b Citizens, Souldiers, Souldiers Wiues, and Pages, laye at it daye and night: insomuch that it was quickly dispatcht. 1656 R. Baxter Reformed Pastor 58 This is the work that we should lie at with them night and day. 1833 L. Ritchie Wanderings by Loire 160 The men..lay desperately to their oars, and the skiff sprang through the water. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. i. xi. 78 No mercenary mock-workers, but real ones that lie freely to it. †d. with gerund: To keep on or continue doing something. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > perseverance or persistence > persevere or persist [verb] to stand inc1175 willa1387 lie1692 threap1827 1692 R. L'Estrange Fables xi. 10 Why will you lie Pining, and Pinching your self in such a Lonesome Starving Course of Life? 1692 R. L'Estrange Fables lxii. 77 The Generality of Mankind lye Pecking at One Another, till One by One they are all Torn to Pieces. 1702 R. L'Estrange tr. Philo Embassy to Caius iv, in tr. Josephus Wks. 1080 Here's an obscure, Mean wretch, that has the Face to lie Tutoring me upon a Subject he knows nothing at all of himself. II. Said of things, material or immaterial. 7. a. Of material things: To be placed or set horizontally or lengthwise or at rest on the ground or other surface. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > horizontal position or condition > be placed horizontally [verb (intransitive)] liec1000 layc1300 the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] > falsely chidea1000 liec1000 surmise1477 mischarge1571 wrest1610 calumniate1649 c1000 West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) xx. 5 He geseah þa linwæda licgan. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 9/296 Þat treo ne scholde nouȝt ligge þere. a1300 Cursor Mundi 1129 His blod on erth sced lijs. 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. v. 65 As a leek þat hedde I-leiȝen longe In þe sonne. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) iii. 9 Apon þat body lay a grete plate of gold. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6603 Alle þe clathes lay him aboute. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cclxij^v On all the bankes by the water side, laie peces of ordinaunce whiche shot of. 1590 R. Greene Mourning Garment 11 A Bottle full of Countrie whigge, By the Shepheards side did ligge. 1747 J. Wesley Primitive Physick 73 Take as much as lies on a Shilling of calcin'd Egg-shells. 1754 Earl of Chatham Lett. to Nephew (1804) vi. 42 I hear with great pleasure, that Jocke lay before you, when you writ last to me. 1776–96 W. Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 436 Corn fields and sandy places, especially where water has lain. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 345 The ruins of an old fort were to be seen lying among the pebbles and seaweed on the beach. b. To be deposited, remain permanently in a specified place. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > [verb (intransitive)] > remain as opposed to go bidec893 yleaveOE leaveOE wonc1000 abideOE worthOE beliveOE atstutte-nc1220 stuttea1225 atstuntc1230 astinta1250 beleavea1325 lasta1325 stounda1325 stinta1340 joukc1374 restaya1382 to leave over1394 liec1400 byec1425 onbidec1430 keep1560 stay1575 delay1655 to wait on1773 stop1801 to sit on1815 to hang around1830 to stick around1878 to sit tight1897 remain1912 stay-down1948 c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) ii. 6 Þe coroune lyes in a vessell of cristall. 1459 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 227 A Sawter..and an Hympner..lyggynge in his saide closet. 1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 22 The gardeyn assigned..for woode to lye in. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judith xii. 1 Then commaunded he her to go in, where his treasure laye. 1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 1 b Al the grains and cornes lyand in bings. 1804 European Mag. 45 65/1 A Petition from J. Macleod..was ordered to lie on the table. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 393 An esquire passed among his neighbours for a great scholar, if Hudibras and Baker's Chronicle [etc.]..lay in his hall window among the fishing rods and fowling pieces. 1891 Law Times 91 411/2 Jeune, J. made the order, but directed that it should lie in the office for a week. c. Of a building, etc.: To be overthrown or fallen; with complement, as to lie in ruins, to lie in the dust. to lie heavy: to be a heavy load upon (literal and figurative: see heavy adj.¹). Of food, etc., to lie heavy, cold, etc. (†formerly, simply to lie) on the stomach: to be felt as oppressive. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (intransitive)] > be destroyed, ruined, or come to an end losec888 fallOE forlesea1225 perishc1275 spilla1300 to go to wreche13.. to go to the gatec1330 to go to lostc1374 miscarryc1387 quenchc1390 to bring unto, to fall into, to go, put, or work to wrakea1400 mischieve?a1400 tinea1400 to go to the devilc1405 bursta1450 untwindc1460 to make shipwreck1526 to go to (the) pot1531 to go to wreck (and ruin)a1547 wrake1570 wracka1586 to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587 to lie in the dusta1591 mischief1598 to go (etc.) to rack (and ruin)1599 shipwreck1607 suffera1616 unravel1643 to fall off1684 tip (over) the perch1699 to do away with1769 to go to the dickens1833 collapse1838 to come (also go) a mucker1851 mucker1862 to go up1864 to go to squash1889 to go (to) stramash1910 to go for a burton1941 to meet one's Makera1978 the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [verb (intransitive)] > be indigestible rejumble1671 to lie heavy, cold, etc. (formerly, simply to lie) on the stomach1711 to lie (heavy) on one's stomach1711 repeat1879 c1330 Arth. & Merl. 544 (Kölbing) Foundement & werk þai founde Ligge vp so & doun op þe grounde. a1591 H. Smith Gods Arrowe (1593) v. K 3 b If it bee not builded vpon a good foundation..the whole building is like to lie in the dust. 1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 5 Sept. (1948) I. 352 I ate sturgeon, and it lies on my stomach. c1726 A. Evans Elegy on Vanbrugh Lie heavy on him, earth! for he Laid many heavy loads on thee! 1884 W. C. Smith Kildrostan 43 One sidewall long had in ruins lain. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 704 Delicate persons, in whom the cold water tends to lie heavy on the stomach. 8. To remain unworked, unused, untouched, or undiscovered. Often with complement, as to lie barren, hid, waste (see also fallow adj.², lea adj.); also in to lie on one's hands, to lie at a stand.Cf. sense 4, where the subject is a person or a personification. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > non-use > remain unused [verb (intransitive)] atliec1000 lie1377 to lie by the wall (or walls)1579 to lie by1642 sit1839 society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (intransitive)] > not sell > remain unsold to lie on one's hands1548 to go (or have been) a begginga1593 stick1729 the world > existence and causation > creation > productiveness > unproductiveness > be unproductive [verb (intransitive)] to lie at a stand1622 to thresh (over) straw1844 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. vi. 165 Worth neuere plente amonge þe poeple þer-while my plow liggeth. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6841 Your land yee sal sau seuen yeir... þe seuend ye sal it lat lij still. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. clxxiij^v Wherfore all brode Clothes, Kerseis, & Cottons, laye on their handes. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cl^v Through our mens wrytinges, sondrye articles are called agayne to lyght, whiche laye before hidde in darkenes. a1593 C. Marlowe Tragicall Hist. Faustus (1604) sig. D3^v Letts goe and make cleane our bootes which lie foule vpon our handes. 1622 in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 211 This hath made matters to lie a little at a stand. a1629 W. Hinde Faithfull Remonstr. (1641) Ep. to Rdr. sig. A6 This worke hath lyen above twice five [years]. 1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Gothick Warre iii. 88 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian Turris, an ancient City..which had been sack'd by Barbarians, and layen long wast. a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 68 To make them buy their currantes (which lay vpon their handes). 1673 J. Flavell Fountain of Life i. 9 'Tis pitty, that any thing of Christ should lye hid from his people! 1862 W. E. Gladstone in Daily News 26 Apr. 2/2 Rarely, within the living memory, has so much of skill lain barren. †9. Of the wind, the tongue: To be or become still, be at rest, subside. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > blow (of the wind) [verb (intransitive)] > blow gently > subside altogether lieOE the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > loss or lack of voice > lose the voice [verb (intransitive)] > be at rest (of the tongue) lie1611 OE Phoenix 182 Ðonne wind ligeð, weder bið fæger, hluttor heofones gim halig scireð, beoð wolcen towegen, wætra þry þe stille stondað. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxv. xxvii. 569 When the East wind began to lie, which for certeine daies had blustred and raged. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Languarde,..a wench whose tongue neuer lyes. 1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (1 Thess. v. 3) When the winde lies, the great rain fals. 1689 M. Prior Epist. to F. Shephard 110 Fancies flow in, and Muse flies high; So God knows when my Clack will lye. 10. a. To be situated (in space), to have a (specified) position. Often with adjective (or quasi-adv.) complement. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > have specific position or arrangement [verb (intransitive)] standOE liec1121 beset1413 the world > space > place > position or situation > be positioned or situated [verb (intransitive)] resteOE standOE sitOE liec1121 inhabitc1384 settlea1400 couchc1400 biga1425 loutc1460 residea1475 innc1475 contain1528 consist1542 seatc1580 situate1583 lodge1610 site1616 subsist1618 station1751 c1121 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 656 (Laud) Ealle þa landes þa þær abuton liggeð. a1300 Cursor Mundi 2469 Þe land o gommor þar-bi lijs. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. x. 316 Ac þei leten hem as lordes her londe lith so brode. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 161 In þe holownes þat is aboue liggiþ þe herte & þe lungis. 1455 Rolls of Parl. V. 313/1 vii acres of Mede, liggyng in the Mede beside the Brigge of Chartesey. 1577 M. Hanmer tr. Evagrius Scholasticus vi. xiii, in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. 508 The citye, which lay wonderfull commodious for the Romaynes. 1597 F. Bacon Of Coulers Good & Euill f. 22^v, in Ess. Men whose liuing lieth together in one Shire. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xi. 20 O that way madnes lies, Let me shun that. View more context for this quotation 1648 in S. R. Gardiner Hamilton Papers (1880) 184 I belieue the sceane of disorder may lye heere. 1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 3 So much is the eye deceived in Land which lyes high. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 170. It is a Misfortune for a Woman to be born betwixt the Tropicks, for there lie the hottest Regions of Jealousy. 1723 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth (ed. 3) 77 Those Strata that ly deepest. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §204 A small sea-port of Somersetshire, lying upon the Bristol Channel. 1805 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. V. 579 Within the manor of Collingham, where the lands lay. 1883 Eng. Illustr. Mag. Nov. 72/1 The wild beauty of Wicken Fen is in striking contrast with the cultivated land lying around it. b. To be spread out or extended to the view. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > extend in space [verb (intransitive)] > be spread out > to the view lie1764 1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 6 But let us view these truths with closer eyes, And trace them through the prospect as it lies. 1792 Gentleman's Mag. 9/2 A spacious field now lies before the Christian world for the introduction of a better policy. 1836 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. (1837) III. x. 141 It is remarkable that such difficulties as these should lie on the face of Scripture. 1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 181 Samaria..unfenced and unconcealed by walls, lay open, unsheltered in every part from the gaze of the besiegers. 1879 S. C. Bartlett Egypt to Palestine v. 99 We could not for a moment expect such indications to lie upon the surface. 1890 J. Payn Burnt Million II. xxx. 248 What a future seemed to lie before him! c. Of a road, way, journey, etc.: To extend, have a (specified) direction. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > extend in space [verb (intransitive)] > extend in a certain direction liec1000 shootc1000 drawc1180 stretcha1387 streek1388 bear1556 trend1598 tend1604 take1610 to make out1743 to put out1755 trench1768 make1787 c1000 Ælfric Genesis xxxv. 19 On þam wege, þe lið to Euphfrate. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xi. 10 If thy flight lay toward the roring sea. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iii. iii. 82 There lies your way. View more context for this quotation 1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 114 I found it not so hard to overcome, as I had conceited, the way lying with windings. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. x. 567 The counties through which the road to London lay. 1851 T. Carlyle Life J. Sterling ii. vii. 212 Our course lay along the Valley of the Rhone. 1883 R. W. Dixon Mano iii. viii. 136 Nor doubt I where my voyage next must lie. d. Of the wind: To remain in a specified quarter. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > blow (of the wind) [verb (intransitive)] > blow from a particular quarter standc1275 sitc1400 lie1604 hang1671 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iv. v. 218 Small furnaces vpon the sides of the mountaines, built expresly where the winde lies. 1704 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 4) i. 96 The Wind lying in that corner at least three quarters of the Year. 1876 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Tom Sawyer i. 20 But in spite of her, Tom knew where the wind lay, now. 1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. (at cited word) Which way do the wind lie 'smornin? e. Of horses, yachts, etc., in a race: to occupy a specified ordinal position. Also transferred. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > race (a race) [verb (transitive)] > lie or finish in specific position finish1881 lie1951 1951 E. Rickman Come Racing with Me iii. 24 What is that with the light blue sleeves lying fourth? 1955 ‘J. Christopher’ Year of Comet ii. 49 Who's lying fourth? 1972 D. Francis Smokescreen iv. 55 He took the first half mile without apparent effort, lying about sixth. 1974 Country Life 24 Oct. 1189/3 Busted is lying third in this year's table of sire's winnings. 11. Nautical. a. Of a ship: To be stationed in a berth or anchorage. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > berth, moor, or anchor [verb (intransitive)] > be in a berth or anchorage liec1121 c1121 Anglo-Saxon Chron. ann. 1009 (Laud) And þær [þa scipu] sceoldan licgan. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vii. l. 1068 A hundreth schippys..in hawyn was lyand thar. 1495 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 254 The seid ship lying at Rode in the Kynges haven. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 610/1 I lye at an anker, as a shyppe dothe. 1775 R. Chandler Trav. Asia Minor ix. 28 They lay at anchor near Tenedos. a1812 A. Cherry Bay of Biscay (song) 7 Our poor devoted bark, Till next day, there she lay, In the Bay of Biscay O! 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 302 He..lay in port when he was ordered to chase a Sallee rover. 1851 D. G. Mitchell Fresh Gleanings 12 The Zebra lay just off the pier. b. To steer in a (specified) direction. Also (quasi-transitive) to lie the course: (of a ship) to have her head in the direction wished. to lie at hull: see hull n.² 2. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction steer1340 stem1487 capea1522 lie1574 put1578 bear1587 rut1588 haul1589 fetch1590 standa1594 to stand along1600 to bear away1614 work1621 to lay up1832 society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction > make desired course to lie the course1574 to lay one's (or a) course1669 1574 W. Bourne Regim. for Sea (1577) xix. 51 a If the ship haue had often trauerse by the meanes of contrary windes, so that she could not lie hir course. 1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. v. 43 Whiles his false broker lyeth in the winde. 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 28 They could not lye near the Wind. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. v. 342 The proas..are capable of lying much nearer the wind than any other vessel hitherto known. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms at Vent de bouline The ship cannot lie her course without being close-hauled. 1800 Ld. Nelson in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) IV. 189 The Success being to leeward, Captain Peard..lay across his hawse. 1892 H. M. Doughty Our Wherry in Wendish Lands 123 The water~way we now entered..was scarcely four feet deep..and that only in the middle. Luckily we could just lie it. 1892 H. M. Doughty Our Wherry in Wendish Lands 301 A turn enabled us to lie our course, and up the sail went. c. Of horses, yachts, etc., in a race: to lie on: to keep close to, so as to impede the progress of, a competitor. ΚΠ 1928 Daily Tel. 17 July 18/2 Fintra [sc. a yacht] lay on Lanai, and kept her in last place. 12. figurative. a. Of immaterial things: To exist, be found, have place, reside (in some specified place or quarter); to be set, fixed, or arranged in some specified position or order. †to lie fair: to be just or reasonable. †to lie in common: to be common to or among several possessors. spec. const. against, for, to, in legal use. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > act or do vigorously [verb (intransitive)] > take vigorous action > and steadily liea1325 to lie at, to1583 the mind > possession > owning > belong [verb (intransitive)] > be in communal ownership to lie in common1662 society > morality > rightness or justice > [verb (intransitive)] to lie fair1672 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1916 For-ði wexem wið gret nið And hate, for it in ille [herte] lið. 1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 334 And þus popes & prelates kepen to hem silf assoylyng, in which lyþe wynnyng. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22280 Al falshed and feluni, And al tresun sal in him lii. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 233 Whiche ij. textis, if thei ben considered as thei liggen to gidere in rewe. 1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 1200 Therby lyith a tale. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 22 Herin me semyth lyth a dowte. 1566 W. Adlington tr. Apuleius .XI. Bks. Golden Asse To Rdr. sig. Aiii^v I haue not..so absolutely translated euery woorde as it lieth in the prose. 1641 J. Milton Animadversions 39 If the Words lay thus in order. 1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ i. i. §15 This defect..of those histories is either more general, which lies in common to them all, or [etc.]. 1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. iv. §1 If the opposition did not lie between the order of true Prophets..and the false Prophets. 1672 R. Montagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 520 Methinks it is natural and lies fair enough that..I should have some share in [etc.]. 1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub iv. 110 Their Father..commanded, that whatever they got, should lye in common among them all. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 170. Their Acquaintance and Conversation has lain wholly among the vicious Part of Womankind. 1719 J. T. Philipps tr. B. Ziegenbalg Thirty-four Confer. 43 The fault lies at their own doors. 1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation i. iv. 114 If the choice lay only between a tax on property and a tax on income. 1848 J. H. Newman Loss & Gain 147 He..holds many profound truths in detail, but is quite unable to see how they lie to each other. 1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 405 The people themselves, incapable of discerning where their true interest lay. 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) II. vii. 112 Their sympathies lay wholly with Gruffydd. 1883 R. W. Dixon Mano i. viii. 23 And told him all the truth, how all things lay. 1958 Times 26 Apr. 6/7 If a chief constable is dismissed by a county council an appeal lies to the Home Secretary. 1964 Mod. Law Rev. 27 iii. 322 Nowadays, after the revival of certiorari as a remedy lying for intra-jurisdictional defects, the scope of review on habeas corpus must be defined with more accuracy. 1970 Internat. & Compar. Law Q. 4th Ser. 19 ii. 306 The Erbersatzanspruch lies against the heirs, and consists of a sum equal to half the value of the portion, to which a legitimate intestate heir would be entitled. 1971 Mod. Law Rev. 34 vi. 691 Where X and Y have a regular course of dealing and are likely to make contracts in the future, a quia timet injunction will lie to prevent Z, a third party, from inducing breaches of such contracts as may be made in the future. †b. Of thoughts, inclinations, activities, etc.: To have a specified direction. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > tend or incline [verb (intransitive)] > go in a certain direction incline?a1475 alien?1541 propend1545 sway1556 wing1617 lie1633 look1647 vergea1661 bias1683 preponderate1693 give1840 canalize1927 1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 281 Our fight doth not lye against flesh and blood. 1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 189 The Elench here lyes directly, and point-blanck against the Papists. 1666 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities 2 The..Prejudices, that lye against them, will oblige mee..to annexe..some Annotations. 1672 Duke of Buckingham Rehearsal i. 1 My humour lyes another way. 1692 R. L'Estrange Life Æsop in Fables (1708) 22 Æsop's Faculty lay notably that way. 1825 New Monthly Mag. 13 17 My inclinations have not lain towards prose. c. to lie in (a person): to rest or centre in him; to depend upon him, be in his power (to do). Now chiefly in as far as in (me, etc.) lies. Also, to lie in one's power, to lie in (or †on) one's hands. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > be under authority [verb (intransitive)] > be dependent to lie in one's powerc1374 depend1548 to hang on, upon, of (a person's) sleeve1548 to lie in (or on) one's handsa1593 to fall upon ——?1672 society > authority > subjection > be subject to [verb (transitive)] > be dependent on to lie inc1374 to stand to ——c1449 the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > be caused by or result from [verb (transitive)] > depend on to stand in ——OE to lie inc1374 to stand upon ——a1393 to turn on ——a1413 to stand by ——a1450 lie1590 set1597 suspend1638 to turn upon ——1652 condition1868 ride1950 c1374 G. Chaucer Compl. Mars 184 Sith hit lythe in his myght. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 965 Þer-for loueliche ladi in þe lis al min hope. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xxi. 431 Hit lyth in my grace, Wheþer þei deye oþer deye nat. c1440 Generydes 3109 I wote right wele it lithe in me The Sowdon to destroye. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur ii. iii Aske what ye wil and ye shall haue it, and hit lye in my power to yeue hit. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxxxi. 243 It lyeth now in you to do with hym at your pleasure. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cclv^v Thei promised the kyng, to doo all that in theim laie with their frendes. a1593 C. Marlowe Edward II (1594) sig. I4^v Fauor him my lord, as much as lieth in you. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lx. 136 The Church as much as in her lieth, wilfully casteth away their soules. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. ii. 4 Correction lieth in those hands, Which made the fault that we cannot correct. View more context for this quotation 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Gg1 To me..that do desire as much as lyeth in my Penne [etc.] . View more context for this quotation a1613 T. Overbury Wife (1614) sig. D6^v Women, though they weaker bee..,yet on their hands The Chastitie of men doth often lie. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 176 As much as in you hath lyen. 1662 King Charles II in J. M. Cartwright Madame (1894) 121 I am sure I have done all that lies in my power. 1720 J. Ozell et al. tr. R. A. de Vertot Hist. Revol. Rom. Republic I. iv. 226 All the Hopes of the Republic lay in an old Man just taken from the Plough. 1875 F. H. A. Scrivener 6 Lect. Text New Test. 9 Resolved, so far as in him lay, to root out the Christian Faith. 1885 Ld. Tennyson Tiresias Only in thy virtue lies The saving of our Thebes. †d. To belong or pertain to a person (to do); to pertain, be attached or incident to a thing. Also, to lie (one) in hand to do. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > [verb (transitive)] birc950 oughtOE behovec1175 dowa1225 liea1225 owea1250 it stands one upona1393 liea1400 busc1400 hovec1450 to stand (a person) in (also on) handc1555 import1561 stand1602 befit1604 to stand on ——1608 to lie with1885 the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > accompany [verb (intransitive)] > be attached to liec1430 a1225 Leg. Kath. 779 Ne lið hit nawt to þe to leggen lahe upon me. a1400 Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. (1892) 505/453 Þer-to liht muche mede. c1430 Hymns Virg. 42 To me, maistir deuel, it lijs; To ihesu wole y take hede. 1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. i. viii. sig. E.v/1 He can not choose..but..do all things, that lye God, a king, and Prieste in hande to doe. 1657 W. Rand tr. P. Gassendi Mirrour of Nobility i. 59 Contrarily, it lies me in hand, I suppose, to take heed, least [etc.]. e. to lie with: to be the office or province of (some one) to do something. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > [verb (transitive)] birc950 oughtOE behovec1175 dowa1225 liea1225 owea1250 it stands one upona1393 liea1400 busc1400 hovec1450 to stand (a person) in (also on) handc1555 import1561 stand1602 befit1604 to stand on ——1608 to lie with1885 1885 Manch. Examiner 22 Sept. 5/1 It lies now with Turkey to take the initiative. f. To rest or be imposed as a burden, charge, obligation, etc. upon a person; to be incumbent or obligatory upon; to press or weigh upon (one's mind or heart). ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > [verb (transitive)] birc950 oughtOE behovec1175 dowa1225 liea1225 owea1250 it stands one upona1393 liea1400 busc1400 hovec1450 to stand (a person) in (also on) handc1555 import1561 stand1602 befit1604 to stand on ——1608 to lie with1885 the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > encumber > burden charka1300 chargec1308 cark1330 liea1400 labour1437 onerate1453 endossa1500 onera1500 laden1514 load1526 aggravate1530 lay1530 honorate1533 ladea1538 burden1541 ballast1566 loaden1568 degravate1574 aburden1620 pregravate1654 comble1672 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8348 He tald þat him lai apon hert. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 13385 On vs ligges noght þe nede. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxvii. 20 Noo smale tempest laye apon vs. 1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. Ep. to King Sundrie occasions which may lye them on. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 v. ii. 47 O would the quarrel lay vpon our heads. View more context for this quotation 1630 R. Sanderson Serm. II. 255 It lieth us upon, to employ it to the best advantage we can. 1666 J. Bunyan Grace Abounding ⁋86 That Scripture lay much upon me, without shedding of Blood is no remission. 1676 W. Hubbard Happiness of People 49 The present distress of the war that hath lyen so long upon us. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 62 It was a duty lying on them by the Covenant. 1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 82 These Things..lay upon my Mind. 1794 E. Burke Speech against W. Hastings in Wks. (1827) XVI. 74 With those charges lying upon him. 1804 Ld. Castlereagh in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 258 It lay upon them to offer terms to us. 1873 Act 36 & 37 Victoria c. 86 §24 It shall lie on the defendant to prove that the child is not of such age. g. To be set at stake; to hang or depend on or upon a hazard, doubtful issue, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > be caused by or result from [verb (transitive)] > depend on to stand in ——OE to lie inc1374 to stand upon ——a1393 to turn on ——a1413 to stand by ——a1450 lie1590 set1597 suspend1638 to turn upon ——1652 condition1868 ride1950 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iii. sig. C3 Full fast she fled..As if her life vpon the wager lay. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. viii. 5 Our fortune lyes Vpon this iumpe. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) iii. vii. 54 He persists As if his life lay on't. View more context for this quotation 1668 R. Steele Husbandmans Calling (1672) iv. 52 Nor..can he reform sin, if his life lay on it. 1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality III. xvi. 285 We entered as warmly into it [sc. the question] as though a province had lain at stake. h. to lie in: to consist in, to have its ground or basis in. †Also with infinitive instead of in and object. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > inform or give a thing its essence [verb (transitive)] > consist of or have as its essence to stand in ——a1382 to lie in1589 to consist in1594 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xxii. 216 Another point of surplusage lieth not so much in superfluitie of your words. 1633 G. Herbert Faith in Temple vii If blisse had lien in art or strength, None but the wise or strong had gained it. 1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 17 But here the great art lyes to discern in what the law is to bid restraint. 1724 A. Collins Disc. Grounds Christian Relig. 75 The argument lies in the word Netser. a1770 J. Jortin Serm. (1772) VII. ii. 29 The perfection of every being must lie in its best part. 1871 B. Stewart Heat (ed. 2) §84 Our only chance of success lies in abstracting heat from this liquid. 1881 S. R. Gardiner & J. B. Mullinger Introd. Study Eng. Hist. i. iii. 48 The true remedy lay..in female education. 1881 S. R. Gardiner & J. B. Mullinger Introd. Study Eng. Hist. i. x. 178 Pitt's strength lay in his character. i. to lie in, within: to be contained or comprised in (a specified room or compass); †to admit of being expressed in (rhyme). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > versification > rhyme > [verb (intransitive)] to lie in, withina1400 rhymec1586 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > condition or state of being inclusive > include [verb (transitive)] > be included under or among > come within the scope of fall?c1225 to lie in, within1712 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 9240 Of abiud [came] Elyachim, Of quam Asor, sadoch of him, þat loth er for to lig in rim. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 414. ¶1 The Beauties of the most stately Garden or Palace lie in a narrow Compass. 1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. lviii. 259 The question..lies within a very narrow compass. †j. to lie at one's heart: to be the object of one's affection or desire. Similarly, to lie heavy at or to one's heart: to give one grave anxiety. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > amorous love > be in love [verb (intransitive)] > be the object of one's affection or desire to lie at one's hearta1616 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > worry > anxiety > be anxious about [verb (transitive)] > make anxious carkc1330 vex?a1425 solicita1450 embusy1485 to lie heavy at or to one's hearta1616 to weird out1970 to stress out1983 a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. ii. 51 It would vnclogge my heart Of what lyes heauy too't. View more context for this quotation 1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. II. 32 I have something, I know not what, lies heavy at my heart. 1673 W. Temple Let. to Duke Ormond in Wks. (1720) I. 123 The Spaniards have but one Temptation to quarrel with Us, which is an occasion of recovering Jamaica, for that has ever lien at their hearts. 13. (Chiefly in Law.) Of an action, charge, claim, etc.: To be admissible or sustainable. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > carry on (of proceedings) [verb (intransitive)] > be admissible or sustainable liec1330 society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > go to law or litigate [verb (intransitive)] > be sustainable (of an action) liec1330 c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 853 Certes, þi fader þan slouȝ y. Seþþen þou so hast sayd, Amendes þer ouȝt to ly. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Prol. 409 For sythe no cause of deth lyth in this cace, Ȝow oughte to ben the lyghtere merciable. 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 24 §1 None essoyne or proteccion to lye nor to be allowed in the same. 1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 108 To consider what appeales out of the Chancery to this Courte doe lye. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xlii. 277 There lyeth Excommunication for Injustice. 1712 H. Prideaux Direct. Church-wardens (ed. 4) 75 There doth lye an Appeal to the Bishop. 1745 J. Wesley Answer to Rev. Church 5 I should rejoice if there lay no other Objection against them, than that of Erroneous Opinions. 1748 S. Richardson Clarissa VII. xc. 330 If not, then indeed is thy conscience seared, and no hopes will lie for thee. 1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful ii. §11. 57 Some or all of these objections, will lie against every figure of a cross. 1805 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. V. 394 A writ of error did not lie after he attained his full age. 1850 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1853) 3rd Ser. ix. 121 One from whose knowledge..there lies almost no appeal. 1865 J. B. Lightfoot Comm. Gal. (1874) 124 Still more serious objections lie against identifying it with any later visit in the Acts. 1866 A. Crump Pract. Treat. Banking iv. 93 In which case no action for damages would lie. †14. Of land, landed possessions: To appertain to. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > owning > own [verb (transitive)] > belong to > of land lie839 839 in Birch Cartul. Sax. I. 599 xiiii aeceras & ða mæde þe þær to lið. c1050 in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 232 Ælc ðara landa ðe on mines fæder dæge læg into Cristes cyrcean. a1225 Leg. Kath. 28 King of þat lond þat lei into Rome. a1225 Juliana 13 Alle þe londes þe þerto liggeð. c1420 Chron. Vilod. st. 983 A parcell of lond..Þe wheche ryȝtwyslyche to þat Abbay lay. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. E5 A house, with pasture lieng to it. 1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. i. ix. 36 Whereas they had in the beginning no land of their owne lying to their citie. III. Irregular uses. 15. transitive. Used causatively or by mistake for lay v.¹ Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > bury or entomb [verb (transitive)] bedelveOE begraveOE burya1000 beburyc1000 bifel-ec1000 layc1000 to fall, lull, lay (bring obs.) asleepOE tombc1275 gravec1300 inter1303 rekec1330 to lap in leadc1340 to lay to rest, abed, to bed1340 lie1387 to louk in clay (lead, etc.)?a1400 to lay lowa1425 earthc1450 sepulture1490 to put awaya1500 tyrea1500 mould1530 to graith in the grave1535 ingrave1535 intumulate1535 sepult1544 intumil?c1550 yird1562 shrinea1566 infera1575 entomb1576 sepelite1577 shroud1577 funeral1578 to load with earth1578 delve1587 to lay up1591 sepulchrize1595 pit-hole1607 infuneral1610 mool1610 inhumate1612 inurna1616 inhume1616 pit1621 tumulate1623 sepulchrea1626 turf1628 underlay1639 urna1657 to lay to sleep, asleep1701 envaulta1745 plant1785 ensepulchre1820 sheugh1839 to put under1879 to lay away1885 the world > space > relative position > posture > place into or assume a posture [verb (transitive)] > recumbent position or position of rest or repose lie1387 compose1700 the world > food and drink > food > setting table > [verb (transitive)] layc1300 spreadc1300 setc1386 servec1405 cover1563 to lay in1788 lie1809 fix1842 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 369 He was wont to legge [MS. γ lygge] his heed uppon a forme. a1400–50 Alexander 2101 He comands To gedire þam vp ilka gome & þam in grauys ligg. 1402 Jack Upland (Skeat) 46–7 And whan ye liggen it [your habit] besyde you, than lig ye youre religion besyde you, and ben apostatas. c1485 Digby Myst. (1882) iv. 549 We shall..ly hym in the mold. ?a1534 H. Medwall Nature ii. sig. hiiii Thy sores whyche be mortall Onles that thys medycyns to theym be layn. 1638 R. Brathwait Barnabees Journall (new ed.) iii. sig. P4 I saw a Tombe one had beene laine in. a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 50 That in mowinge hee neaver lye out his sheaves beyonde the balkes but rather within the balkes. 1706 S. Garth Dispensary (ed. 6) ii. 16 Whilst Seas of melted Oar lye waste the Plains. 1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 5 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) Would they but lye their groundless pretences by. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. xii. xii. 282 The whole Furniture of the infernal Regions hath long been appropriated by the Managers of Playhouses, who seem lately to have lain them by as Rubbish. 1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 507 I dressed the wound, lying down as much of the scalp as [etc.]. 1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. i. xvi. 144 The cloth was laid. Down we sat at table. 1880 F. G. Lee Church under Q. Elizabeth II. 245 As God had lain this peer's honour in the dust. Phrasal verbs Combined with adverbs. to lie aback 1. To be backward, reluctant, or shy. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > be unwilling [verb (intransitive)] nillOE loathea1200 to make it tough1297 forthinka1300 reckc1300 ruea1400 to make (it) strangec1405 to make strangenessc1407 stick1418 resistc1425 to make (it) strange?1456 steek1478 tarrowc1480 doubt1483 sunyie1488 to make (it) nice1530 stay1533 shentc1540 to make courtesy (at)1542 to make it scrupulous1548 to think (it) much1548 to make dainty of (anything)1555 to lie aback1560 stand1563 steek1573 to hang back1581 erch1584 to make doubt1586 to hang the groin1587 to make scruple (also a, no, etc., scruple)1589 yearn1597 to hang the winga1601 to make squeamish1611 smay1632 bogglea1638 to hang off1641 waver1643 reluct1648 shy1650 reluctate1655 stickle1656 scruple1660 to make boggle1667 revere1689 begrudge1690 to have scruples1719 stopc1738 bitch1777 reprobate1779 crane1823 disincline1885 1560 in P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. (1864) III. 397 Not only shall any of his own pretend to disobey or ly aback in this action, but [etc.]. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 148 Nathir..in tyme of neid lyes the Pechtis abak w^t thair supporte. †2. as n. Shyness, timidity. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > timidity > [noun] arghtha1250 arghshipc1275 arghness1340 faintness1398 ferdfulness1398 timorosity1490 timiditya1513 timorousnessa1513 unboldness?1520 timerity1582 inaudacity?1594 unhardiness1611 to lie aback1636 meticulosity1655 pavidity1656 afraidness1669 timidness1680 sheepishness1712 funkiness1859 fearsomeness1891 the mind > emotion > humility > modesty > shyness or bashfulness > [noun] shamefastnessc1200 shamefulnessa1340 nicetya1387 scurna1400 bashednessc1440 bashfulness1539 nicenessc1550 shamefacedness1555 to lie aback1636 shyness1651 squeamishness1720 shrinkingness1835 1636 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae (new ed.) 1423 Sir, I have seene them baith, In bairnlines and lye aback, Escape and come to skaith. to lie about to lie here and there; to be left lying carelessly or in disorder. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > absence of arrangement > be without arrangement [verb (intransitive)] to sit about1849 to lie about1853 to sit around1913 1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia I. xiii. 274 Why, these poor blackguards lying about are very fair specimens of humanity. 1891 R. Buchanan Come, live with Me II. xiii. 168 Ye might leave it [sc. poison] lying about, and mischief might happen. 1891 W. Morris News from Nowhere v. 31 Most children, seeing books lying about, manage to read by the time they are four years old. 1934 G. B. Shaw Simpleton i. 4 I hate to see dust lying about. Look! You could write your name in it. to lie abroad † To lodge out of one's house or abode; to reside in a foreign country (in quot. 1651 with pun on lie v.²). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting temporarily > [verb (intransitive)] liec1000 harbourc1200 sojournc1290 layc1300 sojourc1330 to make, take (up) one's lodging1362 pilgrimagea1382 bield?a1400 lodgec1400 tarryc1400 to make (one's) residence1433 harbingec1475 harbry1513 stay1554 roost?1555 embower1591 quarter1591 leaguer1596 allodge1601 tenta1616 visit1626 billet1628 to lie abroad1650 tabernacle1653 sojourney1657 canton1697 stop1797 to shake down1858 to hole up1875 perendinate1886 shack1935 cotch1950 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting a type of place > inhabit type of place [verb (intransitive)] > dwell in foreign land to lie abroad1650 1650 J. Howell Addit. Lett. viii. 13 in Epistolæ Ho-elianæ (ed. 2) We might go barefoot, and ly abroad as beasts having no other canopy than the wild air. 1651 I. Walton Life of Wotton in H. Wotton Reliquiæ Wottonianæ An Embassadour is an honest man, sent to lie abroad for the good of his Countrey. 1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius War with Vandals ii. 39 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian He..being said to be sent to ly abroad, to prevent mischief to the Camp. 1675 Collect. Several Treat. Penal Laws Pref. sig. A iv The Popes Ambassadors..lye abroad for his..advantage. to lie along 1. To be prostrate at full length, to lie outstretched on the ground (now archaic); to extend along a surface. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > lie down or recline [verb (intransitive)] leanc950 resteOE liec1000 to be laidc1175 layc1300 to lie along1530 recline1578 to horizontalize it1843 recumb1906 cwtch1921 the world > space > direction > specific directions > direct in specific directions [verb (transitive)] > extend along length of to lie along1734 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 601/1 I lye..as one lyeth alonge upon the grounde. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. i. 30 As he lay along Vnder an oake. View more context for this quotation 1637 G. Gillespie Dispute against Eng.-Popish Ceremonies iv. vi. 29 The usuall table gesture of the Iewes, was lying along. 1734 J. Ward Introd. Math. App. Gauging 455 To find what Quantity of Liquor is in any Cask, when its Axis is Parallel to the Horizon, viz. when it lies along. 1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews vi. i, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 156 Dagon..lay along, as having fallen down from the basis whereon he had stood. 1771 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. I. 91 A cell so small, that he could neither stand erect, nor lie along in it. 1803 T. Beddoes Hygëia III. x. 21 Few persons, suddenly stimulated to anger as they were lying along, would continue to repose in the same easy manner. 1883 R. W. Dixon Mano iii. vi. 129 Him who there lay dead along. 2. Nautical. Of a ship: To incline to one side under the pressure of a wind abeam. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > heel or list blencha1300 rolla1325 heelc1575 seela1618 list1626 stoop1663 careen1762 to lie along1769 to lay along1779 wrong1842 to roll down1856 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Along Lying along, the state of being pressed down sideways by a weight of sail in a fresh wind that crosses the ship's course. 1781 Lieut. Archer Let. 30 June in Naval Chron. (1804) 11 288 The Ship lay very much along, by the pressure of the wind. 1838 E. A. Poe Narr. A. G. Pym xiii, in Wks. (1865) IV. 109 The hulk lay more along than ever, so that we could not stand an instant without lashing ourselves. to lie back To lean backwards against some support. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > [verb (intransitive)] > be supported > lean for support > lean backwards (against a support) to lay back1787 to lie back1894 1894 S. R. Crockett Raiders 14 I shipped the oars and lay back thinking. to lie by †1. To have a concubine. (Cf. lie-by n. 1.) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > types of marriage custom or practice > [verb (intransitive)] > have concubine to lie by1571 1571 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxviii. 28 My Father..had ane wyfe, Thocht he abusit his body, and lay by. 2. Nautical. = to lie to at Phrasal verbs: see by prep. 2b. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > support (an amount of) sail [verb (intransitive)] > lie to trya1584 to lie by1623 to lay by1697 to lie to1711 to lay to1798 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII iii. i. 11 The Billowes of the Sea, Hung their heads, & then lay by . View more context for this quotation 1666 London Gaz. No. 60/1 Our Fregats received some damage in their sails, and..were forced to ly by to mend them. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. v. 179 We lay by all the night..for Captain Saunders..to join us. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms at Faire servir To make sail, after having lain by for some time. 3. To remain unused, be laid up in store. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > non-use > remain unused [verb (intransitive)] atliec1000 lie1377 to lie by the wall (or walls)1579 to lie by1642 sit1839 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 59 Let his carnall favour, and erroneous conceits ly by, let him empty himselfe of a worldly heart. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 441 Peters nets lay by when the season was. 1692 R. L'Estrange Fables cccclviii. 434 The..Wretchedness of Avarice, that rather then make use of the Bounties of Providence in their Seasons, suffers them to lye by and Perish. 1719 W. Wood Surv. Trade (ed. 2) 74 Thriving Nations have..great Stores lying by of their own Manufactures. 1843 J. W. Carlyle Lett. I. 254 I had..pillows lying by of no use. 4. To keep quiet, withdraw from observation; to remain inactive, rest. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > be inactive [verb (intransitive)] > remain inactive stillc1330 liec1374 stayc1540 to keep one's bill under wing1548 connive1667 to lie by1709 repose1817 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > hide, lie or hidden [verb (intransitive)] > remain in hiding lurkc1300 to hide one's headc1475 mitch1558 nestle1567 to lie at (on, upon the) lurch1578 to lay low1600 skulk1626 squat1658 to lie by1709 hide1872 to hole up1875 to lie low1880 to lie (also play) doggo1882 to hide out1884 to put the lid on1966 1709 J. Addison Tatler No. 133. ⁋5 To lie by for some Time in Silence and Obscurity. 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison II. 53 Sir H. ‘What a plague—you did not cane him?’ Sir Ch. ‘He got well after a fortnight's lying by’. 1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas IV. x. i. 7 We determined on lying by for a day at Valladolid, as well to rest our mules, as to call on signor Sangrado. 1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well II. xii. 292 I lay by on the watch for some opportunity when I might mend my own situation with my father. 1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxxi. 117 I must go below, and lie-by for a day or two. 1892 Law Times 93 414/1 The plaintiff had lain by, whereas he should have taken the earliest opportunity of coming to the court. to lie down 1. (Middle English also lie adown.) See sense 2 and down adv. 2a. Also reflexive (now archaic). Also in pregnant senses: †To fall in battle; †to die; to go to bed; to give up; to be remiss or lazy. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > bed related to sleep or rest > go to bed or retire to rest [verb (intransitive)] to go to (one's) resteOE to take (one's) restc1175 to go to bedc1275 to lie downc1275 reposec1485 down-lie1505 bed1635 to turn in1695 retire1696 lay1768 to go to roost1829 to turn or peak the flukes1851 kip1889 doss1896 to hit the hay1912 to hit the deck1918 to go down1922 to bunk down1940 to hit the sack1943 to sack out1946 to sack down1956 the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > be killed [verb (intransitive)] > be killed in battle to lie downc1275 the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of lying down or reclining > lie down or recline [verb (intransitive)] > lie down or assume reclining position layc1175 to lie downc1275 liec1330 stretch1828 the world > action or operation > inaction > disinclination to act or listlessness > sloth or laziness > be slothful or lazy [verb (intransitive)] sleuthc1300 sloth1390 slotter1553 sloven1560 truant1580 drone1632 slubberc1820 sluggardize1837 to lie down1918 to dick off1948 schlump1953 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3421 Seoððen he dun læi [c1300 Otho deaȝede]. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 1145 Þe romeins leie sone adoun; he made ampti place, & þe brutons arise vaste. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 2204 Oþer ligge adoun & be aslawe. 1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 446 We liggen down in our den. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10711 Þan lai þai all in kneling dun. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. ii. 21 So, lig down ther and take thi rest. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ruth iii. (Contents) Ruth lyeth her downe in the barne at Boos fete. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. xi. B The leoparde shal lye downe by the gote. a1631 J. Donne Poems (1650) 17 Why should we rise, because 'tis light? Did we lie downe, because 'twas night? a1777 S. Foote Cozeners (1778) iii. ii. 73 Mrs. Air. Pray, madam, is the young lady at home? Mrs. Fl. Just lain down for a little. 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. ii. 26 They..rose early and lay down late. 1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest I. iv. 62 There may be another [stag] lying down in the fern close to us. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xvi. 113 I lay down and had five minutes sleep. 1861 G. W. Dasent tr. Story Burnt Njal II. 312 Kari lay him down. 1904 W. H. Smith Promoters i. 21 When they finally lie down, we'll just say, ‘All right, we'll go ahead alone.’ 1916 Literary Digest 8 Jan. 87/1 It is natural enough that the accusation of ‘lying down’ and quitting has been cast up in turn at each of the participants in the conference. 1918 E. Pound Let. 3 Apr. (1971) 134 It is the best that can be done. Hope Kahn won't think I am lying down on the job. 1926 J. Black You can't Win xiv. 193 An ambitious fighting young lawyer who never ‘laid down’ on a client. †2. To be brought to bed of a child. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > confinement > be confined [verb] to lie inc1440 to lie downa1500 to bring abed1523 to be confined1772 a1500 (?c1450) Merlin v. 89 The kynge sawgh that the quene was redy to ly down. 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) Ep. Ded. sig. Aii^v Of the seconde I went a whole yeare big, and yet when euery one thought mee ready to lye downe, I did then quicken. 1620 J. Pyper tr. H. d'Urfé Hist. Astrea i. vi. 171 His wife lay downe, but it was of a daughter. 1654 tr. M. Martini Bellum Tartaricum 212 Matrons with Child and ready to lye down. 1692 R. L'Estrange Fables (1708) xxii. 29 A Wolf came to a Sow that was just lying down, and very kindly offer'd to take care of her Litter. 1818 W. Godwin in C. K. Paul William Godwin (1876) II. 256 He says..that Eliza was expected to lie down in two days after he sailed. †3. Of an army: To take up a position before. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > lay siege [verb (intransitive)] to lay ensiege?a1500 to plant a siegea1500 to sit down1593 inleaguer1603 to set downa1616 to lie down1693 sit1802 1693 tr. J. Le Clerc Mem. Count Teckely i. 82 This obliged Heister to demand Cannon and Foot, with whom he lay down before the Castle of Kus. 4. to take (a beating, defeat, etc.) lying down: to receive it with abject submission. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > absence of resistance > offer no resistance [verb (intransitive)] to turn the other cheek1529 to go down like ninepins1791 to take (a beating, defeat, etc.) lying down1888 to take (something) sitting down1899 1888 Sat. Rev. 4 Aug. 133/1 Those who..profess themselves willing to take, ‘lying down’, any and every inconvenience that the victorious Irish may inflict. 1914 G. B. Shaw Androcles & Lion (1916) i. 17 You know, I should feel ashamed if I let myself be struck like that, and took it lying down. 1931 E. F. Benson Mapp & Lucia viii. 229 She had to swallow her medicine... I had no idea.. that she would take it lying down like that. 1974 M. Gilbert Flash Point viii. 64 I heard what the beak said to you. I had an idea you weren't going to take it lying down. to lie forth † Of bees: To settle outside the hive. (Cf. to lie out at Phrasal verbs) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [verb (intransitive)] > settle outside hive (of bees) to lie forth1623 to lie out1634 1623 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie (rev. ed.) iii. sig. G2 Those [hives] that haue lien forth or otherwise be verie full, you may let alone. to lie in 1. To be brought to bed of a child (†also const. with); to be ‘confined’. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > confinement > be confined [verb] to lie inc1440 to lie downa1500 to bring abed1523 to be confined1772 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 304/2 Lyyn' yn or yn chylde bedde..decubo. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) xvii. sig. Cii As yet I am not determyned in what place she shall lye in. 1602 S. Rowlands Tis Merrie 35 When I lay in of my first Boy. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. iii. 79 You must go visit the good Lady that lies in . View more context for this quotation 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §899 The Shee-Beare breedeth, and lyeth in with her Young. 1730 Visct. Bolingbroke Let. 12 Feb. in J. Swift Lett. (1766) II. 397 His wife lies-in with one child. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. xii. xiv. 309 Five hungry Children, and a Wife lying in of a sixth. View more context for this quotation 1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World II. 106 They regularly retire every year at proper intervals to lie in of the spleen. 1825 New Monthly Mag. 13 51 Learning then ordinarily lay-in of folio volumes. 1871 E. B. Tylor Primitive Culture 76 'Tis like a Koravan eating asafœtida when his wife lies in. †2. To amount to, cost (a certain sum); ‘to stand (a person) in’ so much. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > [verb (transitive)] > be priced at be1484 to come to ——1577 to lie in1622 1622 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 212 Soe much money..as the tendinge and keepinge of the said clocke shall lye in. 1660 T. Willsford Scales Commerce & Trade 1 A Grocer bought 5¾ C grosse weight of Wares, which lay him in..£163 13s. 8d. 1677 A. Yarranton England's Improvem. 134 The Corn will lye the Mum-Brewers in Two Shillings Six-pence per Bushel. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Lie 21. To cost: as, it lies me in more money. 3. Nautical. (See quot. 1867.) ΚΠ 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Lie in! the order to come in from the yards when reefing, furling, or other duty is performed. 4. To remain in bed (after one's usual hour of rising). Cf. lie-in n. at lie n.² Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > [verb (intransitive)] > later than usual sleep1740 to lie it out1748 sleep1827 to lie in1893 sleep1931 1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Lie, in the combination lie-in, to sleep longer than intended. 1911 E. M. Clowes On Wallaby v. 144 On Sundays her husband and son ‘lay in’, as she called it, till midday, while she gave them their breakfast in bed. to lie off 1. Nautical. Of a ship or boat: To stand some distance away from the shore or from some other craft. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (intransitive)] > head in a certain course or direction > remain (stationary) away from shore or ship to lie off1598 to lay off1781 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. i. 76 The remnant Northward lying off from Trent. View more context for this quotation 1726 Four Years Voy. Capt. G. Roberts 26 As I lay off at an Anchor. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Lie off! an order given to a boat to remain off on her oars till permission is given for her to come alongside. 1890 H. Caine Bondman i. ix [The schooner] intending to lie off at Ramsey for contraband rum. 2. To cease work temporarily; to take a rest. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ceasing > temporary cessation of activity or operation > temporarily cease activity or operation [verb (intransitive)] > rest restOE to hang up one's hatcheta1350 to latch one's ease, one's leave1377 sabbatize1382 roc1460 repose1494 repause1526 respire1566 respite1587 requiesce1653 to rest (also lie) on one's oars1726 to lay off1841 to rest up1858 spell1880 to lie off1891 1891 R. Kipling City Dreadful Night 81 As soon as he makes a little money he lies off and spends it. 1899 Nation (N.Y.) 21 Dec. 467/1 If McKinley would lie off for the next four years, he might make a very good free-trade candidate for the Presidency in 1904. Categories » 3. Horse Racing slang. ‘To make a waiting race’ (Farmer Slang 1896). to lie on †1. To be laid on. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1643 J. Shute Sarah & Hagar (1649) 109 Upon the first laying on of the rod, it may be, we will stamp and chafe; but when it still lies on..we lie quiet, and then our spirit comes down. 2. Of a vessel: To be bound for. ΚΠ 1850 Tait's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 38/1 Not one [vessel] was, just then, ‘lying on’ for the Baltic way, the season being so late. to lie out †1. To stretch out, extend. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > promontory, headland, or cape > form promontory [verb (intransitive)] arma1552 nessa1552 peninsulatea1552 to lie out1601 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 54 Spaine and France..lying out with their promontories into two contrary seas. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 61 Corsica..lyeth out from the North into the South, and containeth in length an hundred and fiftie miles. 2. †To rest or settle outside (obsolete); to sleep out, now dialect of cattle, to be left unhoused at night. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Hymenoptera > [verb (intransitive)] > settle outside hive (of bees) to lie forth1623 to lie out1634 the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > [verb (intransitive)] > in a specific place > outdoors to sleep (formerly also live, lie) rough1672 to lie out1712 sleep1852 1634 J. Levett Ordering of Bees 34 Their Bees haue exceedingly lyen out upon the Hiue and board. 1712 J. Arbuthnot App. to John Bull Still in Senses i. 9 The Witnesses farther made Oath, That the said Timothy lay out a Nights. 1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Lie in, Lie out, said of horses or cows. If they are kept housed at night, they are said to lie in, if not they lie out. Do your 'oss lie in or out? 3. Scottish. To delay; spec. to delay in entering upon property as heir. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (intransitive)] geleOE studegieOE abideOE to do in or a (= on) fristc1175 dwellc1175 demurc1230 targec1250 dretcha1325 tarrya1375 sojourn1377 defer1382 letc1385 hinderc1386 blina1400 delay?a1400 honea1400 litea1400 overbidea1400 prolongc1425 supersede1433 hoverc1440 tarrowc1480 sunyie1488 stay?a1500 sleep1519 slack1530 protract1540 linger1548 procrastinate1548 slackc1560 slug1565 jauk1568 temporize1579 detract1584 longering1587 sit1591 prorogue1593 to time it out1613 to lie out1640 crastinate1656 taigle17.. to hang fire1782 to hold off1790 to hang it on1819 prevaricate1854 to lie over1856 to tread water1942 to drag one's feet1946 1640 in J. Nicholson Minute Bk. War Comm. Covenanters Kirkcudbright 3 Sept. (1855) 42 For his lying sae lang out in not subscryveing of the covenant. 1677 in Fountainhall's Decisions in M. P. Brown Suppl. Dict. Decisions Court of Session (1826) III. 146 A man is married on a woman that is apparent heir to lands.. . She, to defraud her husband either of the jus mariti or the courtesy, lies out and will not enter. 1868 Act 31 & 32 Victoria c. 101 §6 The rights and remedies competent to a superior against his vassal lying out unentered. 4. to lie it out: to sleep on late into the morning. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > sleep > [verb (intransitive)] > later than usual sleep1740 to lie it out1748 sleep1827 to lie in1893 sleep1931 1748 S. Richardson Clarissa IV. li. 301 The dear creature was so frighten'd, and so fatigued last night, no wonder she lies it out this morning. 5. to lie out of one's money: to remain unpaid. to lie out of one's ground (Horse Racing slang): see quot. 1896. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > expenditure > financial loss > suffer financial loss [verb (intransitive)] to be out of one's way1596 to be in disburse1608 to be out of purse1615 bleed1671 to lie out of one's money1860 drop1876 1860 ‘G. Eliot’ Mill on Floss I. i. viii. 151 I can't lie out o' my money any longer. You must raise it as quick as you can. 1892 Daily Chron. 19 Apr. 9/2 How can zealous discharge of this duty be expected, when the officer..has to advance the cost of the summons, and lie out of his money for a year at a time, if not for ever? 1896 J. S. Farmer Slang To lie out of one's ground = to ‘lie off’ too long, so as to be unable to recover lost ground. 6. Of land: to lie fallow or unused. ΚΠ 1850 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1849: Agric. 402 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (31st Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 20, Pt. 2) VI After the corn crop, do not suffer the land to ‘lie out’. No error can be more opposed to good farming. to lie over 1. To be held over or deferred to a future occasion. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (intransitive)] geleOE studegieOE abideOE to do in or a (= on) fristc1175 dwellc1175 demurc1230 targec1250 dretcha1325 tarrya1375 sojourn1377 defer1382 letc1385 hinderc1386 blina1400 delay?a1400 honea1400 litea1400 overbidea1400 prolongc1425 supersede1433 hoverc1440 tarrowc1480 sunyie1488 stay?a1500 sleep1519 slack1530 protract1540 linger1548 procrastinate1548 slackc1560 slug1565 jauk1568 temporize1579 detract1584 longering1587 sit1591 prorogue1593 to time it out1613 to lie out1640 crastinate1656 taigle17.. to hang fire1782 to hold off1790 to hang it on1819 prevaricate1854 to lie over1856 to tread water1942 to drag one's feet1946 1856 J. W. Carlyle Lett. II. 294 I have a strange story to tell you..but that must lie over, or I shall miss the omnibus. 2. ‘To remain unpaid after the time when payment is due’ (Craig 1848). 3. Nautical. (See quot. 1867.) ΚΠ 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Lie over, a ship heeling to it with the wind abeam. 4. U.S. To suspend travelling; to stop. ΚΠ 1849 Executive Documents U.S. Senate (31st Congress, 1st Sess.) No. 64. 186 But I shall make an early drive and ‘lie over’ tomorrow at the first water. 1854 J. R. Bartlett Personal Narr. Explor. & Incidents II. xlv. 538 We arrived there too late for the morning cars. We had, therefore, to lie over a day. 1903 A. Adams Log of Cowboy 181 We overtook a number of wagons loaded with wool, lying over, as it was Sunday. to lie to 1. Nautical. Of a ship: To come almost to a standstill, with her head as near the wind as possible, by backing or shortening sail. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > support (an amount of) sail [verb (intransitive)] > lie to trya1584 to lie by1623 to lay by1697 to lie to1711 to lay to1798 1711 J. Littleton Let. 13 Aug. in London Gaz. No. 4906/3 The largest of them lay too a long time. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. viii. 79 Another storm..reduced us to the necessity of lying to under our bare poles. 1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality III. xvi. 160 We shortened sail, and lay too till morning. 1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Chron. 117/2 It blew a strong gale..on which Lieut. Roper handed all his sails, except the mizen, which he balanced, and lay to. 1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island v. xxvi. 212 Take a turn round the capstan, and lie-to for the tide. 2. Scottish. To come to be fond of a person. ΚΠ 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess 79 I do like him sair, An' that he wad ly too [1789 p. 85 like me], I hae nae fear. to lie up †1. To be laid out for burial. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > preparation or treatment of corpse > of corpse: to be prepared [verb (intransitive)] > be laid out to lie up1553 1553 T. Becon Relikes of Rome (1563) 253 Vilanye and synne y^t weren vsed & done about dead bodyes ligging vp & yet is vsed about in many places, or the body be borne to church. 2. To go into or remain in retirement or retreat; to take to one's bed or keep one's room as an invalid; (of a ship) to go into dock. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > launching a vessel > be launched [verb (intransitive)] > of ship: lie unused in harbour to lie by the wall (or walls)1579 to lie up1699 the world > health and disease > ill health > be in ill health [verb (intransitive)] > take to bed to lay up1554 to take one's lair1633 to lie up1850 to take to one's bed1883 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > retirement or seclusion > [adverb] in privity?c1225 in private1469 on private1582 monkishly1595 retiredly1599 recluse1612 reclusely1748 in seclusion1785 secludedly1837 en retraite1840 reclusively1845 upon the snug1861 to lie up1881 1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. iii. iii. 24 There they [sc. ships] must lye up or be 3 or 4 Years in their return from a place which may be sailed in 6 Weeks. 1850 Househ. Words 9 Nov. 162/1 He has a bad cold—rheumatism—he must lie up for a day or two. 1881 W. W. Greener Gun & its Devel. 595 The black bear lies up during the day in caves and amongst rocks. 1893 R. Kipling Many Inventions 26 When there's nothing going on, there is nothing going on, and you lie up. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 443 Some days the patient may feel comparatively well and fit for work, on other days he is languid and lies up. 3. to lie up in lavender: to be in safe keeping or custody. (Cf. lavender n.² 2.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > be safe [verb (intransitive)] > be in safe keeping to lie up in lavender1822 1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel III. i. 17 Alas! the good gentleman lies up in lavender..himself. 4. To lay or shape one's course. ΘΚΠ society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct one's course [verb (intransitive)] thinkeOE bowa1000 seta1000 scritheOE minlOE turnc1175 to wend one's wayc1225 ettlec1275 hieldc1275 standc1300 to take (the) gatec1330 bear?c1335 applyc1384 aim?a1400 bend1399 hita1400 straighta1400 bounc1400 intendc1425 purposec1425 appliquec1440 stevenc1440 shape1480 make1488 steera1500 course1555 to make out1558 to make in1575 to make for ——a1593 to make forth1594 plyc1595 trend1618 tour1768 to lie up1779 head1817 loop1898 1779 T. Forrest Voy. New Guinea 169 The land wind veered to the northward, and we lay up no better than west. 1868 J. C. Atkinson Gloss. Cleveland Dial. Lig up to, to proceed towards, to lay or shape one's course to, a given place. Draft additions 1997 a. Also, to assume or resume a recumbent posture (earlier and later examples). ΚΠ 1862 ‘C. Bede’ College Life 74 Mr. Percival Wylde was lying back upon his pillows, apparently engaged in sipping the gruellous compound. 1920 E. O'Neill Beyond Horizon iii. i. 153 He lies back and closes his eyes, breathing pantingly. 1979 W. Golding Darkness Visible xiii. 216 She lay back again and shut her eyes. 1986 A. Brookner Misalliance x. 154 Alone, Blanche lay back thankfully, but again sleep did not come. b. spec. with reference to unwanted but inevitable sexual intercourse (also sometimes humorously figurative) in phrases lie back and think of England, lie back and enjoy it, and variants. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual activity > other types of sexual activity or intercourse > engage in other types of sexual activity or intercourse [verb (intransitive)] > other specific fumblec1690 lie back and think of England1969 1912 Lady Hillingdon Jrnl. in J. Gathorne-Hardy Rise & Fall of Brit. Nanny (1972) iii. 71 When I hear his steps outside my door I lie down on my bed, open my legs and think of England.] 1969 S. Hyland Top Bloody Secret ii. 113 He relaxed on the principle of rape-impossible-lie-back-and-enjoy. 1974 L. Deighton Spy Story viii. 82 Reunification is inevitable—lie back and enjoy it. 1977 Partridge Dict. Catch Phrases 138/2 Lie back and enjoy it! ‘A c.p. allegedly used as advice to a girl when escape from rape is impossible’ (Barry Prentice, 15 December 1974): since &c.. 1950. 1987 Daily Tel. 4 Apr. 9/1 From then until the end of the play's three-hour traffic, I lay back and thought of England, letting Trevor Nunn have his way with me and with Heywood's mundane piece of early 17th-century drama. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online June 2022). liev.² Brit. /lʌɪ/, U.S. /laɪ/ Forms: Inflected lying /ˈlaɪɪŋ/, lied /laɪd/. Forms: infinitive Old English léogan, Middle English leioȝen, Middle English liȝe-n, Middle English lege, (imperative lih), Middle English ley(e, lei, lije, li, Middle English–1600s ly, Middle English–1700s lye, Middle English leighe, leiȝe, lyghe, lyeȝe, leie, Middle English leȝe, Middle English–1500s ley, Scottish le, Middle English ly(ȝ)yn, Middle English–1500s, 1800s Scottish and northern lee, Middle English– lie. indicative present 2nd person singular Middle English Orm. leȝhesst, Middle English liȝest, leyest, lex(s)t, lixt(e, Middle English lyest, Middle English– liest. β. northern and ScottishMiddle English lighes, leies, lies, Middle English lyes, Middle English–1500s leis. 3rd person singular Old English léogeþ, líhþ, Middle English lih(e)ð, ligeð, leȝeð, legheþ, Orm. leȝheþþ, Middle English liȝ(e)þ, lyeþ, leiþ, leighth, leȝth, lyeȝ(e)th, lihth, likth, Middle English lith(e, Middle English– lieth. β. Middle English liges, leies, leyes, Middle English lijs, leghes, 1500s Scottish leis, Middle English– lies, 3rd person plural 1500s Scottish lene, leyne. past tense Old English léah, léag, (plural lugon), Middle English luȝe, Middle English leh, læh, lighgh, Middle English lowe, Middle English leigh, legh, ligh, lygh. β. Middle English liȝed(e, leiȝede, leeȝide, liede, lyede, leghed, lei(e)d, lieid, Middle English–1500s Scottish leit, leyt, Middle English–1600s lyed, leid, 1600s Scottish leed, Middle English– lied. past participle Old English logen, Middle English i-loȝe(n, loȝen, Middle English i-lowe, Middle English y-low(e, loun, Middle English lowe(n, leiȝen. β. Middle English liȝed, Scottish leyt, Middle English lyet, Middle English– lied. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: A Common Germanic strong verb (in English conjugated weak from the 14th cent.): Old English léogan (léah , lugon , logen ) corresponds to Old Frisian liaga , liatza (recorded in 3rd singular present indicative liucht , past tense singular subjunctive lege ), Old Saxon liogan , liagan (Dutch liegen , loog , gelogen ), Old High German liogan , loug , lugun , gelogen (Middle High German liegen , louc , gelogen , modern German lügen , log , gelogen ), Gothic liugan , Old Norse liúga (Swedish ljuga , Danish lyve ), < Germanic root leug- (:laug-* : lug- ), whence lie n.¹; cognate with Old Church Slavonic lŭža lie. 1. a. intransitive. To tell a lie or lies; to utter falsehood; to speak falsely. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > lie, tell lies [verb (intransitive)] lie971 leasec1000 triflec1305 gabc1330 fablec1525 fitten1577 falsify1629 Cretize1655 a bottle of smoke1787 wrinkle1819 blague1883 971 Blickl. Hom. 29 Se awergda gast..sona leah. c1050 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 401/1 Fefellisset, þa þa he leag. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 91 Þu hauest iloȝen þan halie gaste. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 93 Ne luȝe þu na monnum! c1175 Lamb. Hom. 153 Hwenne þe muð is open for to liȝe. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 5190 Þu leȝhesst. & biswikesst swa. Þin aȝhen wrecche sawle. c1200 Vices & Virtues (1888) 9 Ðar ðu luȝe, ðu lease dieuel. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 131 He þe neure ne lihgh ne lige ne wile. a1225 Leg. Kath. 1431 Mit se swiðe lufsome leores ha leien. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 173 Þu liȝest quod ha ful þing. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8825 Þus læh [c1300 Otho leh] þe laðe mon. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3348 He adde so foule ilowe. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 63 Kvead þing hit is to lyeȝe. c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 264 In whiche autorite he seide soþ & in whiche he leiȝede. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xxi. 351 Þow lowe tyl eue. c1394 P. Pl. Crede 542 Þou leyest, & þou lext. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5143 Þou lighes [Fairf. 14 lyes, Gött. lies, Trin. Cambr. lyest] now, eber pantener! c1400 Gamelyn 297 Thou lixt, seid Gamelyn, so broke I my chyn. c1480 (a1400) St. Julian 206 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 464 My gud brethyre, quhy lest ȝou le? 1483 Cath. Angl. 216/1 To Lye (A. Lee), commentari. 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid i. Prol. 233 Les than wyse autouris lene [1553 leyne]. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 193 I say, ȝe leit euerie one. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. G4^v As I take it, to lye, is to affirme that to be true which is false. 1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 7 It was made by him that cannot lye. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1781 II. 354 [Johnson:] He lies, and he knows he lies. 1882 J. Payne tr. Bk. Thousand Nights & One Night I. xxix. 266 I lied against myself and confessed the theft, although I am innocent. b. to lie of (arch.), †on, †upon: to tell lies about. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > misrepresentation > represent falsely [verb (intransitive)] to lie of (arch.), on, upona1200 travestize1813 falsifya1816 a1200 Moral Ode 287 Of þo pine þe þere bued nelle ic hou nout leioȝen. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 55 & þunwreste bluðeliche liȝeð on þe gode. c1230 Hali Meid. 39 Forȝet ti folc þat liheð þe of weres & worldes wunne. c1275 Passion of Our Lord 241 in Old Eng. Misc. 44 A ueole kunne wise hi lowen him vp-on. c1305 St. Andrew 28 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1802) 99 Þu wost wel mid alle Þat þu þerof loude lixt. c1330 Amis & Amil. 838 He leighth on ous, withouten fail. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 142 Manye men liȝen of þe wounde of þe nose. a1513 W. Dunbar Flyting in Poems (1998) I. 204 Thocht thow..thus vpoun me leid. 1559 J. Aylmer Harborowe sig. L2 The smarts of the tormentes made him to confesse it, and lye of him self. 1580 J. Hay Certain Demandes in T. G. Law Catholic Tractates (1901) 59 Quhy ar ye nocht esscheamed..to lie on wss in your preachings, saying [etc.]. 1629 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. (ed. 5) iv. sig. B9^v Whosoeuer dare lye on him hath power ouer him. 1864 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia IV. xvi. x. 409 Nobody was more lied of. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxvii. 20 They lie on her [L. falsum est]. c. Proverbial expressions. For to lie in one's teeth, to lie in one's throat, to lie like a trooper, see the nouns. ΚΠ a1400 Pistill of Susan 317 Nou þou lyest in þin hed. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 610/2 He wyll lye as fast as a dogge wyll trotte. ?1567 Merie Tales Master Skelton sig. Avii He..woulde lye, as fast as a horse woulde trotte. 1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Oh read ouer D. Iohn Bridges: Epist. 22 Bishops will lye like dogs. 2. figurative. Chiefly of inanimate objects: To present false statements; to convey a false impression; to make a deceitful show. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > delude [verb (intransitive)] liec1220 to make a person's beardc1410 c1220 Bestiary 451 Ðe boc ne leȝeð noȝt of ðis. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14702 Þe hali writte lies [Trin. Cambr. lyeþ] na wight. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5054 For quen þe tan þe toþer sei Na wight moght þair blodes lei. 1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 22376 The merour lyed verily. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 320 b/2 The Philosophers were brought to this that they sayd..that the elementys lyeden or god of nature suffred. 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid i. Prol. 270 This wther buik..So frenschlie leis, oneth twa wourdis gais richt. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 67 The Sun, who never lies; Foretels the change of Weather in the Skies. View more context for this quotation 1733 A. Pope Of Use of Riches 17 Where London's Column pointing at the skies Like a tall..Bully, lifts the head, and lyes. 3. quasi-transitive. †a. with cognate object. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > lie, tell (lies) [verb (transitive)] lie1377 forgec1386 to belie the truthc1400 tellc1400 to tell (formerly to make) a liec1400 sayc1460 to face (a person) with a lie1530 cog1570 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xviii. 400 Þi lesynge..þat þow lowe [v.rr. leighe, leyȝ] til Eue. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 16067 Mani lesing had þai loun again iesu þat dai. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 150 Many lesingis y haue herd hem lie. c1560 J. Lacy Wyl Bucke his Test. (Copland) sig. A.ii^v My tounge, that neuer lied lesinge. †b. To say or allege falsely. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > false assertion > assert falsely [verb (transitive)] feigna1300 liea1300 pretend1395 belie1561 misallege1566 pretence1567 perjurea1586 soothe1591 falsify1606 mislaya1626 misaffirma1631 a1300 Seven Sins ix, in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 18 O worde ic ȝou lie nelle. c1480 (a1400) St. Peter 512 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 22 Þu leis all þat þu sais. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin i. 11 How sholde I..enioyne the penance for thynges which I wene thow lyest veryly. c. With adv. or phr.: to take away by lying; to get (a person, etc.) into or out of by lying. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > lie, tell (lies) [verb (transitive)] > effect by lying lie1720 taradiddle1828 1720 T. Gordon Humourist I. 175 I have known great Ministers rail'd and ly'd out of their Places. 1755 J. Shebbeare Lydia (1769) II. 44 Slandering women of reputation, and endeavouring to lye away their characters. 1764 S. Foote Lyar i. ii. 19 If you don't one time or other..lye yourself into some confounded scrape, I will content to be hang'd. 1784 R. Bage Barham Downs I. 48 Every one would tell his story, his own way, and combine to lye an honest lawyer out of his bread. 1858 J. Kaye Hist. Afghan War I. 204 The character of Dost Mohamed was lied away. 1862 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia III. xii. vii. 247 The tragically earnest meaning of your Life, is quite lied out of you, by a world sunk in lies. 1884 Punch 6 Dec. 276/2 Go on tamely to allow yourself to be lied into Party blindness. †4. transitive. To give the lie to. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] > accuse of or charge with > falsehood lie1389 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 87 If any broþer or syster dispyse or mysconsel or lye his broþer. 1464–5 in Hist. MSS Comm.: 10th Rep.: App. Pt. V: MSS Marquis of Ormonde &c. (1885) 331 in Parl. Papers (C. 4576-I) XLII. 1 He lied and rebuked the balif, to the great contempt of the King. a1500 Robin Hood & Monk in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1888) III. v. 97 With þat Robyn Hode lyed Litul Jon. Draft additions 1997 d. To talk, gossip; to tell ‘tall’ stories or exchange anecdotes. Originally and chiefly Black English. ΘΚΠ society > communication > [verb (intransitive)] > talk, gossip, or tell 'tall' stories or anecdotes lie1935 society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > anecdote > tell anecdotes [verb (intransitive)] anecdote1786 lie1935 1935 Z. N. Hurston Mules & Men i. iv. 92 Cliffert Ulmer told me that I'd get a great deal more [stories] by going out with the swamp-gang. He said they lied a plenty while they worked. 1953 Amer. Speech 28 117 Lie, to talk. ‘Let's sit down and lie to one another’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1902; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.¹c900n.²1697n.³1935adj.¹c975v.¹839v.²971
随便看	frost-root frost-sensitive frost-shod frost-tender frost-worked frostbeaded frostbearer frostbit frostbite frostbites frostbiting frostbitings frostbitten frostbitten asphyxy frostblite frostbound frostbow frostbrained frostburnt frostcovered frostdew frosted frosted glass fresison fresnel

lien.1

Compounds

Draft additions 1997

lien.2

Compounds

Lien.3

† lieadj.1

liev.1

Phrasal verbs

Draft additions 1997

liev.2

Draft additions 1997

lien.¹

lien.²

Lien.³

† lieadj.¹

liev.¹

liev.²