augmentativeadj.n.

Brit.

/ɔːɡˈmɛntətɪv/, U.S.

/ɔɡˈmɛn(t)ədɪv/,

/ɑɡˈmɛn(t)ədɪv/

Forms: late Middle English augmentatif, 1500s augmentatyf, 1600s augmentatiue, 1600s– augmentative.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French augmentatif; Latin augmentativus.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French augmentatif (late 14th cent.; French augmentatif ), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin augmentativus causing increase (frequently from c1200 in British sources) < classical Latin augmentāt- , past participial stem of augmentāre augment v. + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare slightly earlier augmentive adj.

A. adj.

1. Having the property of increasing or adding to something; characterized by augmentation.In quot. 1857: that adds to the subject attributes which are not directly implied in it (cf. ampliative adj.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > tending to increase something

augmentativea1500

multiplicative1604

multiplying of1646

proliferative1952

a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) iv. xxix. f. 72 (MED) [The soul] hath also myght..nutritif and augmentatif [1483 Caxton augmentif], which þat be yove him only to kepe him duryngly.

1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) i. vii. sig. h.iii Augmentatyf of grace & of benedyccyon.

1601 J. Deacon & J. Walker Dialogicall Disc. Spirits & Diuels 72 The nutritiue, augmentatiue, and generatiue operations, appertaining especially to the vegetatiue life.

1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. 266 God..cannot fal under any mutation..augmentative or diminutive.

1771 Lawyers Investigated lix. 70 I declare my hopes of not having further occasion to write to you in the augmentative style.

1857 T. E. Webb Intellectualism of Locke vi. 113 Augmentative Judgments..add to our conception of the subject a predicate which is not contained in it.

1860 G. P. Marsh Lect. Eng. Lang. v. 106 Words inflected in the weak or augmentative manner.

1907 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 16 Mar. 610/1 There is no augmentative help to be got further back than the left ventricle.

1950 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 36 527 The unshaded portion of each curve represents the mutually augmentative effect of the two hormones.

2009 Business Day (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 31 Mar. Online learning is an augmentative medium that has been used reasonably effectively in many instances.

2. Grammar. Of an affix or derivative: that augments or increases in force the idea conveyed by a root word; esp. that indicates something large of its kind. Also, more generally: (of a word) that expresses augmentation or intensification of an idea. Opposed to diminutive adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [adjective] > other specific type of inflection

augmentative1641

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > morpheme > [adjective] > relating to affixes > other specific types of affix

augmentative1641

infixing1868

simulfixed1956

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > word-formation > [adjective] > compound > specific types of compound or compounding

augmentative1641

polysynthetic1816

bahuvrihi1846

polysynthetical1846

agglutinating1847

agglutinative1847

agglomerative1854

parasynthetic1862

endocentric1933

unhyphenated1934

1641 R. Greville Disc. Nature Episcopacie i. v. 19 The preposition In..in other compounds (as incipere, inflammare)..they call augmentative.

1645 E. Reynolds Israels Prayer iii. 13 Here it is a Augmentative word, that enlargeth the duty, and makes it wider.

1661 J. Boys in tr. Virgil Æneas his Descent 74 Vestibulum has its denomination from ve, an augmentative particle.

1711 J. Greenwood Ess. Pract. Eng. Gram. 173 Augmentative Words, or such as encrease the Signification.

1766 J. Cleland Way to Things by Words 63 The initial Br..becomes ber, an augmentative particle in the sense of per in the Latin.

1820 Cambro-Briton 1 162 It is also frequently used as an augmentative prefix.

1848 R. G. Latham Eng. Lang. iv. ii. 211 For the word wizard, from witch, see the Section on Augmentative forms.

1868 J. J. Hoffmann Japanese Gram. vi. 198 He adds the augmentative prefix On or O, which plays so important a part in the domain of the pronouns.

1907 Jrnl. Royal Afr. Soc. 7 15 This prefix may perhaps be traced in the augmentative chi of Nyanja (chigaru = ‘a big dog’).

1952 Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics 18 119/2 Only verb bases, however, may be followed by past tense and augmentative suffixes.

2008 Jrnl. Afr. Cultural Stud. 18 22 Mzee can undergo diminutive derivation in Swahili as kizee or kijizee while its augmentative form is jizee.

3. Designating a method of pest control involving the rearing and release of a pest's natural enemies; of or relating to this method.

ΚΠ

1976 Environmental Entomol. 5 1049/1 Effective control of Heliothis in cotton has been demonstrated by augmentative releases of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley.

1986 Northwest Arkansas Times 5 Dec. b4/4 In many cases the inoculative and augmentative application of biocontrol agents has significantly reduced pest populations.

2011 D. Simberloff & M. Rejmánek Encycl. Biol. Invasions 64/1 Augmentative biological control was originally developed against insect pests in greenhouses and field crops.

B. n.

Grammar. An affix that augments or increases in force the idea conveyed by a root word; a derivative of a word which features such an affix.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > word-formation > [noun] > compounding > a compound > specific

augmentative1616

repetitive1810

bahuvrihi1846

dvandva compound1846

karmadharaya1846

tatpurusha1846

copulative compound1888

symphrase1893

synonym-compound1923

1616 T. Grainger Syntagma Grammaticum sig. G6 Meditatiues, or augmentatiues..signifie the continuation, intension, or increasing of the primitiue.

1662 G. Torriano 2nd Alphabet Proverbial Phrases 213/2 Tempone, the augmentative of Tempo, signifying, merry sporting Time.

1727 F. Altieri Dizionario Inglese & Italiano Ep. sig. b^v Among other proprieties, the Italian language has one, that is peculiar to it self, viz. the forming from the words, the superlative, the diminutive, the augmentative, the pejorative, [etc.].

1792 Archaeologia Scotica 1 418 Nor were the Scots entirely without augmentatives. These were formed by adding um to adjectives, and o to substantives; as greatum, goodum, heado, mano.

1804 Ann. Rev. & Hist. Lit. 1803 2 632 Some nations have used the word bull as an augmentative.

1848 R. G. Latham Eng. Lang. iv. xv. 287 Compared with capello = ‘a hat’, the Italian word capellone = ‘a great hat’ is an Augmentative.

1916 V. Fuentes & V. E. François Pract. Spanish Gram. xiv. 80 In addition, the augmentatives may indicate coarseness, ugliness or depreciation.

2013 A. Rose et al. Party Brazil Phrasebook 2014 vi. 134 An easy way to get intimate is to use diminutives in your speech... You can also do the opposite using augmentatives.

Phrases

augmentative and alternative communication n. (also alternative and augmentative communication, alternative/augmentative communication, augmentative/alternative communication) communication using methods which supplement or replace speech or writing and are used to help individuals whose skills are impaired in this area; the field of study concerned with this; abbreviated AAC.

ΚΠ

1984 Homewood-Flossmoor (Illinois) Star 14 Oct. d5/4 (advt.) Competencies in alternative/augmentative communication and therapeutic feeding techniques essential.

1985 Cumberland (Maryland) News 23 Dec. 9/6 Through the International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, which Eulenberg helped found, knowledge of the technology is shared with researchers from two dozen countries.

1996 Electronic Engin. Times 11 Mar. 114 Pictographic communication devices, designed for people who require alternative and augmentative communication.

1997 C. Weitz et al. in S. L. Glennen & D. C. DeCoste Handbk. Augmentative & Alternative Communication xi. 395/1 Children with developmental language or speech disorders frequently benefit from augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategies.

2012 Guardian 17 Sept. (G2 section) 12/1 This is eye-gaze technology, at the leading edge of a fast-evolving and—for those who need it—vital field known as augmentative and alternative communication (AAC).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	augmentative
释义	augmentativeadj.n. Brit. /ɔːɡˈmɛntətɪv/, U.S. /ɔɡˈmɛn(t)ədɪv/, /ɑɡˈmɛn(t)ədɪv/ Forms: late Middle English augmentatif, 1500s augmentatyf, 1600s augmentatiue, 1600s– augmentative. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French augmentatif; Latin augmentativus. Etymology: < (i) Middle French augmentatif (late 14th cent.; French augmentatif ), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin augmentativus causing increase (frequently from c1200 in British sources) < classical Latin augmentāt- , past participial stem of augmentāre augment v. + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare slightly earlier augmentive adj. A. adj. 1. Having the property of increasing or adding to something; characterized by augmentation.In quot. 1857: that adds to the subject attributes which are not directly implied in it (cf. ampliative adj.). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > tending to increase something augmentativea1500 multiplicative1604 multiplying of1646 proliferative1952 a1500 ( Pilgrimage of Soul (Egerton) (1953) iv. xxix. f. 72 (MED) [The soul] hath also myght..nutritif and augmentatif [1483 Caxton augmentif], which þat be yove him only to kepe him duryngly. 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) i. vii. sig. h.iii Augmentatyf of grace & of benedyccyon. 1601 J. Deacon & J. Walker Dialogicall Disc. Spirits & Diuels 72 The nutritiue, augmentatiue, and generatiue operations, appertaining especially to the vegetatiue life. 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. 266 God..cannot fal under any mutation..augmentative or diminutive. 1771 Lawyers Investigated lix. 70 I declare my hopes of not having further occasion to write to you in the augmentative style. 1857 T. E. Webb Intellectualism of Locke vi. 113 Augmentative Judgments..add to our conception of the subject a predicate which is not contained in it. 1860 G. P. Marsh Lect. Eng. Lang. v. 106 Words inflected in the weak or augmentative manner. 1907 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 16 Mar. 610/1 There is no augmentative help to be got further back than the left ventricle. 1950 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 36 527 The unshaded portion of each curve represents the mutually augmentative effect of the two hormones. 2009 Business Day (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 31 Mar. Online learning is an augmentative medium that has been used reasonably effectively in many instances. 2. Grammar. Of an affix or derivative: that augments or increases in force the idea conveyed by a root word; esp. that indicates something large of its kind. Also, more generally: (of a word) that expresses augmentation or intensification of an idea. Opposed to diminutive adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [adjective] > other specific type of inflection augmentative1641 the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > morpheme > [adjective] > relating to affixes > other specific types of affix augmentative1641 infixing1868 simulfixed1956 the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > word-formation > [adjective] > compound > specific types of compound or compounding augmentative1641 polysynthetic1816 bahuvrihi1846 polysynthetical1846 agglutinating1847 agglutinative1847 agglomerative1854 parasynthetic1862 endocentric1933 unhyphenated1934 1641 R. Greville Disc. Nature Episcopacie i. v. 19 The preposition In..in other compounds (as incipere, inflammare)..they call augmentative. 1645 E. Reynolds Israels Prayer iii. 13 Here it is a Augmentative word, that enlargeth the duty, and makes it wider. 1661 J. Boys in tr. Virgil Æneas his Descent 74 Vestibulum has its denomination from ve, an augmentative particle. 1711 J. Greenwood Ess. Pract. Eng. Gram. 173 Augmentative Words, or such as encrease the Signification. 1766 J. Cleland Way to Things by Words 63 The initial Br..becomes ber, an augmentative particle in the sense of per in the Latin. 1820 Cambro-Briton 1 162 It is also frequently used as an augmentative prefix. 1848 R. G. Latham Eng. Lang. iv. ii. 211 For the word wizard, from witch, see the Section on Augmentative forms. 1868 J. J. Hoffmann Japanese Gram. vi. 198 He adds the augmentative prefix On or O, which plays so important a part in the domain of the pronouns. 1907 Jrnl. Royal Afr. Soc. 7 15 This prefix may perhaps be traced in the augmentative chi of Nyanja (chigaru = ‘a big dog’). 1952 Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics 18 119/2 Only verb bases, however, may be followed by past tense and augmentative suffixes. 2008 Jrnl. Afr. Cultural Stud. 18 22 Mzee can undergo diminutive derivation in Swahili as kizee or kijizee while its augmentative form is jizee. 3. Designating a method of pest control involving the rearing and release of a pest's natural enemies; of or relating to this method. ΚΠ 1976 Environmental Entomol. 5 1049/1 Effective control of Heliothis in cotton has been demonstrated by augmentative releases of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley. 1986 Northwest Arkansas Times 5 Dec. b4/4 In many cases the inoculative and augmentative application of biocontrol agents has significantly reduced pest populations. 2011 D. Simberloff & M. Rejmánek Encycl. Biol. Invasions 64/1 Augmentative biological control was originally developed against insect pests in greenhouses and field crops. B. n. Grammar. An affix that augments or increases in force the idea conveyed by a root word; a derivative of a word which features such an affix. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > word-formation > [noun] > compounding > a compound > specific augmentative1616 repetitive1810 bahuvrihi1846 dvandva compound1846 karmadharaya1846 tatpurusha1846 copulative compound1888 symphrase1893 synonym-compound1923 1616 T. Grainger Syntagma Grammaticum sig. G6 Meditatiues, or augmentatiues..signifie the continuation, intension, or increasing of the primitiue. 1662 G. Torriano 2nd Alphabet Proverbial Phrases 213/2 Tempone, the augmentative of Tempo, signifying, merry sporting Time. 1727 F. Altieri Dizionario Inglese & Italiano Ep. sig. b^v Among other proprieties, the Italian language has one, that is peculiar to it self, viz. the forming from the words, the superlative, the diminutive, the augmentative, the pejorative, [etc.]. 1792 Archaeologia Scotica 1 418 Nor were the Scots entirely without augmentatives. These were formed by adding um to adjectives, and o to substantives; as greatum, goodum, heado, mano. 1804 Ann. Rev. & Hist. Lit. 1803 2 632 Some nations have used the word bull as an augmentative. 1848 R. G. Latham Eng. Lang. iv. xv. 287 Compared with capello = ‘a hat’, the Italian word capellone = ‘a great hat’ is an Augmentative. 1916 V. Fuentes & V. E. François Pract. Spanish Gram. xiv. 80 In addition, the augmentatives may indicate coarseness, ugliness or depreciation. 2013 A. Rose et al. Party Brazil Phrasebook 2014 vi. 134 An easy way to get intimate is to use diminutives in your speech... You can also do the opposite using augmentatives. Phrases augmentative and alternative communication n. (also alternative and augmentative communication, alternative/augmentative communication, augmentative/alternative communication) communication using methods which supplement or replace speech or writing and are used to help individuals whose skills are impaired in this area; the field of study concerned with this; abbreviated AAC. ΚΠ 1984 Homewood-Flossmoor (Illinois) Star 14 Oct. d5/4 (advt.) Competencies in alternative/augmentative communication and therapeutic feeding techniques essential. 1985 Cumberland (Maryland) News 23 Dec. 9/6 Through the International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, which Eulenberg helped found, knowledge of the technology is shared with researchers from two dozen countries. 1996 Electronic Engin. Times 11 Mar. 114 Pictographic communication devices, designed for people who require alternative and augmentative communication. 1997 C. Weitz et al. in S. L. Glennen & D. C. DeCoste Handbk. Augmentative & Alternative Communication xi. 395/1 Children with developmental language or speech disorders frequently benefit from augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategies. 2012 Guardian 17 Sept. (G2 section) 12/1 This is eye-gaze technology, at the leading edge of a fast-evolving and—for those who need it—vital field known as augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.a1500
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