Lorentzn.

/ləˈrɛnts/

Etymology: < the name of H. A. Lorentz (1853–1928), Dutch physicist. See also Lorenz n.²

Physics.

Used attributively to designate various concepts and phenomena described by Lorentz, as Lorentz contraction n. (also Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction) = FitzGerald contraction; so Lorentz-contract vb. trans. Lorentz-covariant n. and adj. = Lorentz-invariant n. and adj. Lorentz-invariant n. and adj. covariant, or invariant, under a Lorentz transformation; so Lorentz-covariance. Lorentz transformation n. [named in French by H. Poincaré 1905, in Compt. Rend. CXL. 1505] the set of equations which in the special theory of relativity relate the space and time co-ordinates of one frame of reference to those of another moving rectilinearly with respect to the first. Lorentz triplet n. a group of three spectral lines produced by the splitting of a single line with the frequency of the middle one by a magnetic field (the Zeeman effect, first interpreted by Lorentz).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > relativity > space-time > [noun] > equation relating co-ordinates

Lorentz transformation1908

the world > matter > physics > relativity > space-time > [noun] > contraction effect

FitzGerald contraction or effect1905

Lorentz contraction1908

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > [noun] > magnetic field > splitting effect

Zeeman effect1897

Lorentz triplet1922

Paschen–Back effect1923

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > decomposition of light, spectrum > [noun] > effect involving magnetic field > lines split by magnetic field

Lorentz triplet1922

the world > matter > physics > relativity > space-time > [adjective] > relating to work of Lorentz > invariant

Lorentz-invariant1955

the world > matter > physics > relativity > space-time > [adjective] > relating to work of Lorentz > covariant

Lorentz-covariant1964

1908 Sci. Abstr. A. 11 687 The equations for moving bodies, when subjected to a Lorentz transformation, are converted into the corresponding equations for the transformed quantities.

1916 Monthly Notices Royal Astron. Soc. LXXVII. 155 The well-known Lorentz-contraction.

1920 R. W. Lawson tr. A. Einstein Relativity xiv. 43 General laws of nature are co-variant with respect to Lorentz transformations.

1922 A. D. Udden tr. N. Bohr Theory of Spectra ii. iii. 47 It follows immediately from this result according to the principle of correspondence that each fine structure component must be expected to split up into a normal Zeeman effect (Lorentz triplet).

1923 C. D. Broad Sci. Thought iv. 135 The Lorentz–Fitzgerald Contraction, if taken as a physical fact, affects all kinds of matter equally.

1955 R. Peierls Laws of Nature vi. 126 When one first hears of this ‘Lorentz contraction’ it sounds most artificial and unreasonable.

1955 W. Heisenberg in W. Pauli Niels Bohr & Devel. Physics 21 Such an interpretation..would destroy..just the decisive symmetry property of the theory of relativity, namely the Lorentz invariance, and it must therefore be considered inappropriate.

1955 J. Lindhard in W. Pauli Niels Bohr & Devel. Physics 35 Lorentz-invariant quantized field theories.

1955 J. Lindhard in W. Pauli Niels Bohr & Devel. Physics 189 The reason for this is that the field acting on an electron is Lorentz contracted.

1964 E. A. Power Introd. Quantum Electrodynamics iii. 23 The former is the more deep and can be made explicitly Lorentz covariant.

1965 P. Caws Philos. of Sci. xxii. 167 Einstein found the Lorentz transformations at hand when he needed them.

1970 G. K. Woodgate Elem. Atomic Struct. viii. 147 This so-called Lorentz triplet of one π and two σ lines is characteristic of the ‘normal’ Zeeman effect in electric dipole radiation.

1970 Nature 17 Oct. 272/3 Measuring scales..are assumed to be Lorentz-contracted by a factor (1 − ω²r²/c²)^1/2.

Draft additions 1997

Lorentz force n. the force exerted on a charged particle by a magnetic field (or a magnetic and an electric field).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > quantum mechanics > quantum electrodynamics > [noun] > force exerted on particle

Lorentz force1935

1935 J. Dougall tr. M. Born Atomic Physics ii. 26 The Lorentz force e(v/c)H is directed towards the centre of the circle.

1951 M. Hammermesh tr. Landau & Lifshitz Classical Theory of Fields iii. 45 The equation of motion of a charge in an electromagnetic field can now be written as dp/dt = eE + ev/c×H. The expression on the right is called the Lorentz force.

1969 New Scientist 4 Sept. 487/2 Negative mass—inertial and gravitational—need not, however, predicate the abandonment of either principle provided we allow the Lorentz force on a particle to depend on the sign of its mass as well as that of its charge.

1986 A. Pais Inward Bound vii. 132 It should be..remembered how innovative for their time were the applications of the Maxwell equations and the Lorentz force to the design of experiments on the deflection of charged particles.

Lorentz group n. the group (group n. 7) of Lorentz transformations.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > relativity > space-time > [noun] > equation relating co-ordinates > group of

Lorentz group1931

1931 H. P. Robertson tr. H. Weyl Theory of Groups & Quantum Mech. iii. 147 Lorentz transformations constitute a group, the ‘complete Lorentz group’, and this group describes the homogeneity of the 4-dimensional world.

1940 Nature 31 Aug. 283/2 Special attention has been given to the..Lorentz group and the concept of semi-vectors.

1967 E. U. Condon & H. Odishaw Handbk. Physics (ed. 2) ii. vi. 41/1 The formulation of current quantum-mechanical field theory requires use of all transformations of the inhomogeneous Lorentz group.

1968 Amer. Jrnl. Physics 36 1102 Henri Poincaré was the first to introduce four-vectors, the Lorentz group and its variants.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1976; most recently modified version published online June 2019).

单词	lorentz
释义	Lorentzn. /ləˈrɛnts/ Etymology: < the name of H. A. Lorentz (1853–1928), Dutch physicist. See also Lorenz n.² Physics. Used attributively to designate various concepts and phenomena described by Lorentz, as Lorentz contraction n. (also Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction) = FitzGerald contraction; so Lorentz-contract vb. trans. Lorentz-covariant n. and adj. = Lorentz-invariant n. and adj. Lorentz-invariant n. and adj. covariant, or invariant, under a Lorentz transformation; so Lorentz-covariance. Lorentz transformation n. [named in French by H. Poincaré 1905, in Compt. Rend. CXL. 1505] the set of equations which in the special theory of relativity relate the space and time co-ordinates of one frame of reference to those of another moving rectilinearly with respect to the first. Lorentz triplet n. a group of three spectral lines produced by the splitting of a single line with the frequency of the middle one by a magnetic field (the Zeeman effect, first interpreted by Lorentz). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > relativity > space-time > [noun] > equation relating co-ordinates Lorentz transformation1908 the world > matter > physics > relativity > space-time > [noun] > contraction effect FitzGerald contraction or effect1905 Lorentz contraction1908 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > [noun] > magnetic field > splitting effect Zeeman effect1897 Lorentz triplet1922 Paschen–Back effect1923 the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > decomposition of light, spectrum > [noun] > effect involving magnetic field > lines split by magnetic field Lorentz triplet1922 the world > matter > physics > relativity > space-time > [adjective] > relating to work of Lorentz > invariant Lorentz-invariant1955 the world > matter > physics > relativity > space-time > [adjective] > relating to work of Lorentz > covariant Lorentz-covariant1964 1908 Sci. Abstr. A. 11 687 The equations for moving bodies, when subjected to a Lorentz transformation, are converted into the corresponding equations for the transformed quantities. 1916 Monthly Notices Royal Astron. Soc. LXXVII. 155 The well-known Lorentz-contraction. 1920 R. W. Lawson tr. A. Einstein Relativity xiv. 43 General laws of nature are co-variant with respect to Lorentz transformations. 1922 A. D. Udden tr. N. Bohr Theory of Spectra ii. iii. 47 It follows immediately from this result according to the principle of correspondence that each fine structure component must be expected to split up into a normal Zeeman effect (Lorentz triplet). 1923 C. D. Broad Sci. Thought iv. 135 The Lorentz–Fitzgerald Contraction, if taken as a physical fact, affects all kinds of matter equally. 1955 R. Peierls Laws of Nature vi. 126 When one first hears of this ‘Lorentz contraction’ it sounds most artificial and unreasonable. 1955 W. Heisenberg in W. Pauli Niels Bohr & Devel. Physics 21 Such an interpretation..would destroy..just the decisive symmetry property of the theory of relativity, namely the Lorentz invariance, and it must therefore be considered inappropriate. 1955 J. Lindhard in W. Pauli Niels Bohr & Devel. Physics 35 Lorentz-invariant quantized field theories. 1955 J. Lindhard in W. Pauli Niels Bohr & Devel. Physics 189 The reason for this is that the field acting on an electron is Lorentz contracted. 1964 E. A. Power Introd. Quantum Electrodynamics iii. 23 The former is the more deep and can be made explicitly Lorentz covariant. 1965 P. Caws Philos. of Sci. xxii. 167 Einstein found the Lorentz transformations at hand when he needed them. 1970 G. K. Woodgate Elem. Atomic Struct. viii. 147 This so-called Lorentz triplet of one π and two σ lines is characteristic of the ‘normal’ Zeeman effect in electric dipole radiation. 1970 Nature 17 Oct. 272/3 Measuring scales..are assumed to be Lorentz-contracted by a factor (1 − ω²r²/c²)^1/2. Draft additions 1997 Lorentz force n. the force exerted on a charged particle by a magnetic field (or a magnetic and an electric field). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > quantum theory > quantum mechanics > quantum electrodynamics > [noun] > force exerted on particle Lorentz force1935 1935 J. Dougall tr. M. Born Atomic Physics ii. 26 The Lorentz force e(v/c)H is directed towards the centre of the circle. 1951 M. Hammermesh tr. Landau & Lifshitz Classical Theory of Fields iii. 45 The equation of motion of a charge in an electromagnetic field can now be written as dp/dt = eE + ev/c×H. The expression on the right is called the Lorentz force. 1969 New Scientist 4 Sept. 487/2 Negative mass—inertial and gravitational—need not, however, predicate the abandonment of either principle provided we allow the Lorentz force on a particle to depend on the sign of its mass as well as that of its charge. 1986 A. Pais Inward Bound vii. 132 It should be..remembered how innovative for their time were the applications of the Maxwell equations and the Lorentz force to the design of experiments on the deflection of charged particles. Lorentz group n. the group (group n. 7) of Lorentz transformations. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > relativity > space-time > [noun] > equation relating co-ordinates > group of Lorentz group1931 1931 H. P. Robertson tr. H. Weyl Theory of Groups & Quantum Mech. iii. 147 Lorentz transformations constitute a group, the ‘complete Lorentz group’, and this group describes the homogeneity of the 4-dimensional world. 1940 Nature 31 Aug. 283/2 Special attention has been given to the..Lorentz group and the concept of semi-vectors. 1967 E. U. Condon & H. Odishaw Handbk. Physics (ed. 2) ii. vi. 41/1 The formulation of current quantum-mechanical field theory requires use of all transformations of the inhomogeneous Lorentz group. 1968 Amer. Jrnl. Physics 36 1102 Henri Poincaré was the first to introduce four-vectors, the Lorentz group and its variants. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1976; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.1908
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