madrigaln.

Brit.

/ˈmadrᵻɡl/, U.S.

/ˈmædrəɡəl/

Forms: 1500s madragal, 1500s madrigale, 1500s madrigalle, 1500s–1600s madrigall, 1500s– madrigal.

Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymon: Italian madrigale.

Etymology: < Italian madrigale (14th cent.), probably via a northern Italian form (compare Italian regional (Venice) maregal , madregal simple, natural) < post-classical Latin matricalis maternal, simple, primitive (see matrical adj.). Compare Middle French, French madrigal (1541 in plural as madrigales, 1548 in singular madrigal; only mid 18th cent. in musical use), Spanish madrigal (1553), German Madrigal (16th cent.).The early Italian forms madriale, mandriale discussed by N.E.D. s.v. are now usually regarded as arising by a folk etymology from mandra shepherd, rather than indicating derivation of madrigale from this word; however, another theory takes these forms as suggesting that madrigale may be a re-formation of forms ultimately derived from classical Latin māteriālis (variously explained on semantic grounds).

a. Music. A part-song for several voices, spec. one of a style which originated in 16th-cent. Italy, with a secular text and featuring elaborate counterpoint, and (as understood in English contexts from the 17th century) typically sung without instrumental accompaniment. Also: (historical) a song for one or more voices with essential instrumental accompaniment, through-composed and employing principles of word-setting similar to those of the polyphonic madrigal; usually distinguished as solo madrigal or continuo madrigal; (occasionally) a 14th-cent. Italian pastoral song typically of two or three stanzas with a long ritornello (and lacking the elaborate counterpoint of the later madrigal).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > types of song > [noun] > part-song > types of part-song

three-man('s) gleec1425

madrigal1584

villanellea1586

air1597

fa-la1597

villanella1597

glee1659

villotta1876

Napoletana1938

1584 R. Greene tr. L. Labé Deb. Follie & Loue in Gwydonius f. 74^v As Lutes Citrons, Uiolls, Flutes, Cornets, Bandoras, whereon they plaie Madrigalis, Sonnettes, Pauins, Measures, Galiardes, and all these in remembraunce of Loue.

1588¹ [see sense 2].

1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 34 b Their merry-running Madrigals, and sportiue Base-bidding Roundelayes.

1594 T. Morley (title) Madrigalles to foure voyces. The first booke.

1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 180 The light musicke hath beene of late more deepely diued into..the best kind of it is termed Madrigal..it is a kinde of musicke made vpon songs and sonnets...As for the musicke it is next unto the Motet, the most artificial and to men of vnderstanding most delightfull.

1632 W. Porter (title) Madrigales and ayres. Of two, three, foure and fiue Voyces, with the continued Base, with Toccatos, Sinfonias and Rittornellos to them. After the manner of Consort musique. To be performed with the Harpesechord, Lutes, Theorbos, Base Violl, two Violins, or two viols.

1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 16 And who shall silence all the airs and madrigalls, that whisper softnes in chambers?

1654 J. Playford Breefe Introd. Skill Musick viii. 18 Your Madrigals or Fa la's of five and six parts, which were composed for Viols and Voyces by many of our Excellent English Authours, as Mr. Morley, Wilkes, Wilbey, Ward, and others.

1789 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music (ed. 2) III. ii. 201 The most chearful species of secular Music..was that of madrigals, a style of composition, that was brought to its highest degree of perfection about the latter end of the 16th century.

1811 L.-M. Hawkins Countess & Gertrude I. ii. 31 A little club, where catches, glees, motets, and madrigals, with the canon ‘Non nobis’ in finale, were ‘done’ in plain correctness.

1879 E. Prout in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 306 The only difference between the canzona and the madrigal being that the former was less strict in style.

1901 Westm. Gaz. 5 Feb. 1/3 Old madrigals from the separate and unbarred part books for the Musical Antiquarian Society.

1947 M. F. Bukofzer Mus. Baroque Era (1948) 35 In the continuo madrigal proper the musical structure depended on the harmonic support of the instrumental part, and on such polyphonic features as had survived from the old madrigal.

1955 Times 9 May 3/4 No Bach motet, no big madrigal, no massive contrapuntal anthem of Purcell or Wesley, nothing strong, relieved a succession of prettily sung choral songs.

1980 New Grove Dict. Music XI. 461 There is no connection between the 14th- and the 16th-century madrigal other than that of name.

1992 D. Greer in I. Spink Music in Brit.: 17th Cent. 153 All the pieces [in Walter Porter Madrigales and Ayres (1632)] have an obligatory and well-figured continuo part.., the two-part madrigals are similar to the chamber duets in Monteverdi's seventh book, the voices interacting in declamatory imitation.

1993 Classic CD June 52/1 Italy was obsessed with early opera and mannerist madrigals.

b. More generally: a song, frequently one with pastoral associations. Also (occasionally): a glee or part-song. Also in extended and figurative use: birdsong; sounds conveying the impression of song.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > a song > [noun]

songeOE

leothOE

galec1200

rounc1225

laya1240

gammec1425

muse1528

cantion1579

madrigal1589

canzon1590

canzone1590

canton1594

canto1603

cantilene1635

cantilena1740

Lied1852

art song1875

canzonetta1947

1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. B3 If a wrinckle appeare in her brow, then our shepheard must put on his working day face, & frame nought but dolefull Madrigalls of sorrowe.

a1593 C. Marlowe Passionate Sheepheard in Englands Helicon (1600) sig. Aa.2 By shallow Riuers, to whose falls Melodious byrds sing Madrigalls.

1597 T. Middleton Wisdome of Solomon Paraphr. xvii. sig. X3^v The merry shepheard..Tuning sweete Madrigals of haruests ioy.

?1614 To Author in W. Drummond Poems Those Madrigals we song amidst our Flockes.

1637 J. Milton Comus 17 Thyrsis? whose artfull strains have oft delayd The huddling brook to heare his madrigale.

a1640 T. Jackson Exact Coll. Wks. (1654) 3077 Changing their late joyful Hymns of Hosanna to the Son of David into sad Madrigals of Crucifige, Crucifige.

1810 T. Campbell Poems in Two Vols. I. 74 And oft amidst the lonely rocks She sings sweet madrigals.

1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 178 Thrushes chant their madrigals.

1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xli. 409 Gentle Mr. Toots..hears the requiem of little Dombey on the waters, rising and falling in the lulls of their eternal madrigal in praise of Florence.

1888 R. T. Cooke Poems 247 Every little brooklet's fall Stir the night with madrigal!

1917 S. Sassoon Old Huntsman 82 To-morrow might bring death,—And Life, the gleeful madrigal of birds, Be drowned in glimmer of sleep.

1993 Harper's Mag. Jan. 35/1 And layer onto this the polyphony that soars at a register beyond our knowing—the ultrasonic arpeggios of lovesick moths, the madrigals of countless insects.

2. A short lyrical love poem; (chiefly) a poem suitable for a musical setting such as is described above (see sense 1a). Now rare.The eight-line madrigals referred to by Gray (quot. a1771) are really strambotti: Wyatt did not adopt the Petrarchan madrigal form.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > lyric poem > [noun] > poem to be sung > other poems to be sung

ronc1225

madrigal1586

serenade1710

pennill1784

pada1873

cantiga1915

1586 G. Pettie & B. Yong tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (rev. ed.) iv. f. 215^v He..drew forth certain Madrigalles, which he had written at his owne house.

1588 (title) Mvsica Transalpina, Madrigales translated of foure, fiue, and sixe parts, chosen oute of diuers excellent Authors.

1588 N. Yonge Musica Transalpina sig. Aij I had the hap to find in the hands of some of my good friends, certaine Italian Madrigales, translated most of them fiue yeeres agoe by a Gentleman for his priuate delight.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. ii. vi. iii. 375 How to make Gigges, Sonnets, Madrigals in commendation of his Mistresse.

a1637 B. Jonson Under-woods xlii. 68 in Wks. (1640) III He That chanc'd the lace, laid on a Smock, to see And straight-way spent a Sonnet; with that other That (in pure Madrigall) unto his Mother Commended the French-hood.

1736 T. Sheridan in Swift's Lett. (1768) IV. 167 I know you love Alexandrines; for which reason I closed the above madrigal with one. I think it is of a very good proportion, which I hope you will set to musick.

a1771 T. Gray Observ. Eng. Metre in Wks. (1814) II. 22 Madrigals of Eight [lines], on Three Rhymes. Sir T. Wyatt.

1781 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry III. xxvii. 162 He [sc. Clément Marot] was the inventor of the rondeau, and the restorer of the madrigal.

1888 Murray's Mag. July 43 Poetically speaking a madrigal may be defined as the shortest form of lyrical poetry.

Compounds

General attributive and objective.

ΚΠ

1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words at Madrigáli Madriáli, Madrigall songs.

1631 B. Jonson Staple of Newes Intermean iv. 36 in Wks. II I would rather..the fine Madrigall-man, in rime; to haue runne him out o' the Countrey.

1877 W. A. Barrett (title) English Glee and Madrigal Writers.

1883 Encycl. Brit. XV. 192/1 The art of madrigal composition was never practised in Germany, and it died out in other countries early in the 17th century.

1942 E. Blom Mus. in Eng. iii. 36 Others who were to bring about new developments—Marenzio and Gesualdo,..Cavalieri..and Orazio Vecchi in a curious type of madrigal-opera—were then mere children.

1947 C. Gray Contingencies ix. 149 His remarkable experiments in the direction of the madrigal drama, or commedia armonica as he himself called it.

1991 Chicago Aug. 43/1 Madrigal singers and the sword-fighting Society for Creative Anachronism create a medieval atmosphere.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	madrigal
释义	madrigaln. Brit. /ˈmadrᵻɡl/, U.S. /ˈmædrəɡəl/ Forms: 1500s madragal, 1500s madrigale, 1500s madrigalle, 1500s–1600s madrigall, 1500s– madrigal. Origin: A borrowing from Italian. Etymon: Italian madrigale. Etymology: < Italian madrigale (14th cent.), probably via a northern Italian form (compare Italian regional (Venice) maregal , madregal simple, natural) < post-classical Latin matricalis maternal, simple, primitive (see matrical adj.). Compare Middle French, French madrigal (1541 in plural as madrigales, 1548 in singular madrigal; only mid 18th cent. in musical use), Spanish madrigal (1553), German Madrigal (16th cent.).The early Italian forms madriale, mandriale discussed by N.E.D. s.v. are now usually regarded as arising by a folk etymology from mandra shepherd, rather than indicating derivation of madrigale from this word; however, another theory takes these forms as suggesting that madrigale may be a re-formation of forms ultimately derived from classical Latin māteriālis (variously explained on semantic grounds). 1. a. Music. A part-song for several voices, spec. one of a style which originated in 16th-cent. Italy, with a secular text and featuring elaborate counterpoint, and (as understood in English contexts from the 17th century) typically sung without instrumental accompaniment. Also: (historical) a song for one or more voices with essential instrumental accompaniment, through-composed and employing principles of word-setting similar to those of the polyphonic madrigal; usually distinguished as solo madrigal or continuo madrigal; (occasionally) a 14th-cent. Italian pastoral song typically of two or three stanzas with a long ritornello (and lacking the elaborate counterpoint of the later madrigal). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > types of song > [noun] > part-song > types of part-song three-man('s) gleec1425 madrigal1584 villanellea1586 air1597 fa-la1597 villanella1597 glee1659 villotta1876 Napoletana1938 1584 R. Greene tr. L. Labé Deb. Follie & Loue in Gwydonius f. 74^v As Lutes Citrons, Uiolls, Flutes, Cornets, Bandoras, whereon they plaie Madrigalis, Sonnettes, Pauins, Measures, Galiardes, and all these in remembraunce of Loue. 1588¹ [see sense 2]. 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 34 b Their merry-running Madrigals, and sportiue Base-bidding Roundelayes. 1594 T. Morley (title) Madrigalles to foure voyces. The first booke. 1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 180 The light musicke hath beene of late more deepely diued into..the best kind of it is termed Madrigal..it is a kinde of musicke made vpon songs and sonnets...As for the musicke it is next unto the Motet, the most artificial and to men of vnderstanding most delightfull. 1632 W. Porter (title) Madrigales and ayres. Of two, three, foure and fiue Voyces, with the continued Base, with Toccatos, Sinfonias and Rittornellos to them. After the manner of Consort musique. To be performed with the Harpesechord, Lutes, Theorbos, Base Violl, two Violins, or two viols. 1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 16 And who shall silence all the airs and madrigalls, that whisper softnes in chambers? 1654 J. Playford Breefe Introd. Skill Musick viii. 18 Your Madrigals or Fa la's of five and six parts, which were composed for Viols and Voyces by many of our Excellent English Authours, as Mr. Morley, Wilkes, Wilbey, Ward, and others. 1789 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music (ed. 2) III. ii. 201 The most chearful species of secular Music..was that of madrigals, a style of composition, that was brought to its highest degree of perfection about the latter end of the 16th century. 1811 L.-M. Hawkins Countess & Gertrude I. ii. 31 A little club, where catches, glees, motets, and madrigals, with the canon ‘Non nobis’ in finale, were ‘done’ in plain correctness. 1879 E. Prout in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 306 The only difference between the canzona and the madrigal being that the former was less strict in style. 1901 Westm. Gaz. 5 Feb. 1/3 Old madrigals from the separate and unbarred part books for the Musical Antiquarian Society. 1947 M. F. Bukofzer Mus. Baroque Era (1948) 35 In the continuo madrigal proper the musical structure depended on the harmonic support of the instrumental part, and on such polyphonic features as had survived from the old madrigal. 1955 Times 9 May 3/4 No Bach motet, no big madrigal, no massive contrapuntal anthem of Purcell or Wesley, nothing strong, relieved a succession of prettily sung choral songs. 1980 New Grove Dict. Music XI. 461 There is no connection between the 14th- and the 16th-century madrigal other than that of name. 1992 D. Greer in I. Spink Music in Brit.: 17th Cent. 153 All the pieces [in Walter Porter Madrigales and Ayres (1632)] have an obligatory and well-figured continuo part.., the two-part madrigals are similar to the chamber duets in Monteverdi's seventh book, the voices interacting in declamatory imitation. 1993 Classic CD June 52/1 Italy was obsessed with early opera and mannerist madrigals. b. More generally: a song, frequently one with pastoral associations. Also (occasionally): a glee or part-song. Also in extended and figurative use: birdsong; sounds conveying the impression of song. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > a song > [noun] songeOE leothOE galec1200 rounc1225 laya1240 gammec1425 muse1528 cantion1579 madrigal1589 canzon1590 canzone1590 canton1594 canto1603 cantilene1635 cantilena1740 Lied1852 art song1875 canzonetta1947 1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. B3 If a wrinckle appeare in her brow, then our shepheard must put on his working day face, & frame nought but dolefull Madrigalls of sorrowe. a1593 C. Marlowe Passionate Sheepheard in Englands Helicon (1600) sig. Aa.2 By shallow Riuers, to whose falls Melodious byrds sing Madrigalls. 1597 T. Middleton Wisdome of Solomon Paraphr. xvii. sig. X3^v The merry shepheard..Tuning sweete Madrigals of haruests ioy. ?1614 To Author in W. Drummond Poems Those Madrigals we song amidst our Flockes. 1637 J. Milton Comus 17 Thyrsis? whose artfull strains have oft delayd The huddling brook to heare his madrigale. a1640 T. Jackson Exact Coll. Wks. (1654) 3077 Changing their late joyful Hymns of Hosanna to the Son of David into sad Madrigals of Crucifige, Crucifige. 1810 T. Campbell Poems in Two Vols. I. 74 And oft amidst the lonely rocks She sings sweet madrigals. 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 178 Thrushes chant their madrigals. 1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xli. 409 Gentle Mr. Toots..hears the requiem of little Dombey on the waters, rising and falling in the lulls of their eternal madrigal in praise of Florence. 1888 R. T. Cooke Poems 247 Every little brooklet's fall Stir the night with madrigal! 1917 S. Sassoon Old Huntsman 82 To-morrow might bring death,—And Life, the gleeful madrigal of birds, Be drowned in glimmer of sleep. 1993 Harper's Mag. Jan. 35/1 And layer onto this the polyphony that soars at a register beyond our knowing—the ultrasonic arpeggios of lovesick moths, the madrigals of countless insects. 2. A short lyrical love poem; (chiefly) a poem suitable for a musical setting such as is described above (see sense 1a). Now rare.The eight-line madrigals referred to by Gray (quot. a1771) are really strambotti: Wyatt did not adopt the Petrarchan madrigal form. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poem or piece of poetry > lyric poem > [noun] > poem to be sung > other poems to be sung ronc1225 madrigal1586 serenade1710 pennill1784 pada1873 cantiga1915 1586 G. Pettie & B. Yong tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (rev. ed.) iv. f. 215^v He..drew forth certain Madrigalles, which he had written at his owne house. 1588 (title) Mvsica Transalpina, Madrigales translated of foure, fiue, and sixe parts, chosen oute of diuers excellent Authors. 1588 N. Yonge Musica Transalpina sig. Aij I had the hap to find in the hands of some of my good friends, certaine Italian Madrigales, translated most of them fiue yeeres agoe by a Gentleman for his priuate delight. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. ii. vi. iii. 375 How to make Gigges, Sonnets, Madrigals in commendation of his Mistresse. a1637 B. Jonson Under-woods xlii. 68 in Wks. (1640) III He That chanc'd the lace, laid on a Smock, to see And straight-way spent a Sonnet; with that other That (in pure Madrigall) unto his Mother Commended the French-hood. 1736 T. Sheridan in Swift's Lett. (1768) IV. 167 I know you love Alexandrines; for which reason I closed the above madrigal with one. I think it is of a very good proportion, which I hope you will set to musick. a1771 T. Gray Observ. Eng. Metre in Wks. (1814) II. 22 Madrigals of Eight [lines], on Three Rhymes. Sir T. Wyatt. 1781 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry III. xxvii. 162 He [sc. Clément Marot] was the inventor of the rondeau, and the restorer of the madrigal. 1888 Murray's Mag. July 43 Poetically speaking a madrigal may be defined as the shortest form of lyrical poetry. Compounds General attributive and objective. ΚΠ 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words at Madrigáli Madriáli, Madrigall songs. 1631 B. Jonson Staple of Newes Intermean iv. 36 in Wks. II I would rather..the fine Madrigall-man, in rime; to haue runne him out o' the Countrey. 1877 W. A. Barrett (title) English Glee and Madrigal Writers. 1883 Encycl. Brit. XV. 192/1 The art of madrigal composition was never practised in Germany, and it died out in other countries early in the 17th century. 1942 E. Blom Mus. in Eng. iii. 36 Others who were to bring about new developments—Marenzio and Gesualdo,..Cavalieri..and Orazio Vecchi in a curious type of madrigal-opera—were then mere children. 1947 C. Gray Contingencies ix. 149 His remarkable experiments in the direction of the madrigal drama, or commedia armonica as he himself called it. 1991 Chicago Aug. 43/1 Madrigal singers and the sword-fighting Society for Creative Anachronism create a medieval atmosphere. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † madrigalv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: madrigal n. Etymology: < madrigal n. Obsolete. rare. intransitive, and transitive with it. To write, compose, or sing madrigals. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > composing music > compose music [verb (intransitive)] > specific type of music madrigal1593 counterpoint1875 society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (intransitive)] > sing other music organOE chantc1425 madrigal1593 lullaby1603 paeanize1629 holler1852 threne1890 1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 48 When Elderton began to ballat, Gascoine to sonnet, Turberuile to madrigal, Drant to versify [etc.]. 1742 C. Jarvis tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote ii. lxviii. 272 Madrigal it as much as your worship pleases. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2000; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1584v.1593
随便看	repoints repolarization repolarizations repolarize repolarized repolarizes repolarizing repolish repolished repolisher repolishes repolishing repollute repolon reponce reponder reponderation repone reponed repones reponing reponing note repope repopularise repopularization

madrigaln.

Compounds

† madrigalv.