Etymology: Perhaps < an unattested variant in -a- of mongle v. (compare forms s.v. mung n.¹), or perhaps < Middle Dutch mangel blows, physical violence (14th cent. as manghel ) or mangelen to mingle, to fight (see mangle v.¹). Compare mangle v.¹

Etymology: < Spanish mangle mangrove (see mangrove n.¹). Compare Middle French manglé (1555), French mangle (1640; > manglier mangrove tree; < Spanish).Compare the following earlier isolated and non-naturalized borrowing of Italian †manghi (1591 in the passage translated; < Spanish):1597 A. Hartwell tr. D. Lopes Rep. Kingdome of Congo iv. 24 The..barke of the tree which is called Manghi [It. di quell'albore nomato manghi].

Etymology: Partly < Dutch mangel (first attested 1783, but compare early modern Dutch mangelstok mangle (see stock n.¹), mangelen to press with a mangle, both 16th cent.), and partly < its etymon early modern German mangel (1481 as mandel ; German Mangel ), variant of mange mangonel, hence machine for pressing cloth, mangle (early 15th cent. in this sense; compare the corresponding verb mangeln , mandeln , mangen to press with a mangle), ultimately < post-classical Latin manganum mangonel (also in forms mango , manga : see mangonel n.); the shift of sense from ‘mangonel’ to ‘machine for pressing cloth’ perhaps arises from the fact that both machines depended upon the weight of stones for their operation (see note at sense 1a). The same shift took place in Italian: mangano originally meant siege engine, Florio (1598) glosses it ‘a kinde of presse to press buckrom, fustian, or died linnen cloth, to make it have a luster or glasse’, and it now means mangle.Compare an analogous group of forms derived < post-classical Latin manganum , manganellus , etc., which refer to simpler machines, e.g. Italian regional (Calabria) and Italian regional (Sicily) mánganu hemp-beater, Italian regional (Naples) manganiello winch, Italian regional (Avellino) manganielle threshing-flail; compare (probably directly < Byzantine Greek μάγγανον machine for hoisting or winching: see mangonel n.) Albanian mëngër olive-press, flax-beater (Albanian regional (Gheg) mângën), Albanian regional (Gheg) mângë flax-beater.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman mangler, mahangler to mutilate (compare post-classical Latin mangulare in a French document of 1361), perhaps a frequentative formation < mahaignier maim v. Perhaps reinforced by Middle Dutch mangelen to mingle, exchange, fight, come to grips with (probably ultimately < the same base as ming v.¹; for the development of sense, compare meddle v.); compare mangle n.¹ Compare manhandle v.Cotgrave's gloss of French mangonner (usually ‘to batter with a mangonel’) as ‘to mangle or disfigure by mangling’ is probably mistaken.

Etymology: < mangle n.³, perhaps after Dutch mangelen or German mangeln.